united nations 65 years
TRANSCRIPT
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TOWARDS UNITED NATIONS
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1918-1945
Collapse of League of Nations
WW II
Formation of United Nations
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1942-1945
Atlantic CharterJan.1,1942
Dumbarton OaksConference Oct.1944
Yalta ConferenceFeb.1945
San FranciscoConference June
1945
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INTRODUCTION
UNGA, UNSC, ECOSOC,Secretariat
ICJ and Trusteeship Council
PRINCIPALORGANS
UNESCO, IAEA, UNICEF,UNHCR,
ILO, WTO, IFAD, WHO, WB, IMF,
SPECIALIZEDAGENCIES
192 as of 2010MEMBERSTATES
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UNITED NATIONS AND THE
COLLECTIVE SECURITY PARADIGM
Indonesia/Holland: 1947
Koreas, 38th Parallel:
1950-1953
Suez Canal Crises: 1956UNEF
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1957-1964
Congo/Belgium 1960
Berlin Blockade:1961
Cuban Missile Crises: 1962
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1965-1979
Rhodesia/England:1965
US Hostages/Iran:1979
Soviet InterventionAfghanistan:1979
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1980-1994
Iran/Iraq War:1980Iran/Iraq War:1980
Iraqi Annexation ofKuwait:1991
Iraqi Annexation ofKuwait:1991
Apartheid:1994Apartheid:1994
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1995-2006
Balkan Crises:1991-1995
East Timor Independence2006
Israel/Lebanon War:2006
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UN PEACEKEEPING
United Nations Truce SupervisionOrg. In Middle East; 1948 topresent
UNTSO
UNMilitary ObserverGroup inIndia and Pakistan; 1948 topresent
UNMOGIP
United Nations PeacekeepingForce in Cyprus;1974 presentUNFICYP
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Continued
UN Disengagement ObserverForce (Israeli/Syrian ceasefire)GolanHeights 1974 to Present
UNDOF
UN Interim Force inLebanon;1978 to presentUNIFIL
UNMission for the Referendumin Western Sahara(Moroco);1991to present
MINURSO
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Continued
UN InterimAdministration Missionin Kosovo;1999 To Date
UNMIK
UNMission in Liberia;2003 to DateUNMIL
UN Operation in Cted'Ivoire;2004 to DateUNOCI
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Continued
UN StabilizationMission inHaiti;2004to Date
MINUSTAH
UNMission in theSudan 2005 to DateUNMIS
UN Integrated Mission inTimor-Leste;2006 toDate
UNMIT
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Continued
AfricanUnion/UNHybridoperation in Darfur;2007 todate
UNAMID
UNMission in the CentralAfrican Republic andChad;2007 to date
MINURCAT
UN Stabilization Mission inthe Democratic Republic ofthe Congo; July 2010
MONUSCO
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DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
UN GENERAL ASSEMBLYRESOLUTIONS
UN SECURITY COUNCILRESOLUTIONS
JUDGMENTS OF ICJ
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ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS
General Agreement on Tariffand Trade (TradeLiberalization)
GATT
Exists to ensure parity and uniformity ofInternational Trade among the nationstatesWTO
Funded Projects to ensure Poverty freeWorld
Advancement of Loans for the fledglingand fragile economies
WorldBank/IMF
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Continued
Funded Projects on Industry, Power Production,Transport, Communication, Trade, Health,Education, Community Service and PublicAdministration Etc
UNDP
UN Conference on Trade and Development
Promotion of International TradeUNCTAD
Food and Agricultural Organization (Increase theproductivity of Food)FAO
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Continued
World Food Program ( ReviewsWorld Food Situation andrecommends remedial measures)
WFP
International Fund for AgriculturalDevelopmentIFAD
International Labor Organization(Improves the working conditions forLaborers)
ILO
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SOCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS
UNO is instrumental in the Protection ofHuman Rights worldwide.
HUMAN RIGHTS
UN Fund For Democracy (UNDEF)Promotes Democracy and ElectoralReforms through Civil Society
PROMOTION OFDEMOCRACY
UN High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR)
PROTECTION OFREFUGEES
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Continued
UN Fund for Women(UNIFEM)
WOMENEMPOWERME
NT
UN Fund for Drug AbuseControl (UNFDAC)
NARCOTICESFREE WORLD
UN International ChildrensEmergency Fund(UNICEF)
PRESERVATION OF THECHILDREN
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Long Term Challenges to United
Nations
Global Terrorism
Multi-Polarity
Regional Blocks,Organizations
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Continued
Non-State Actors
Palestine-Israel Conflict
Kashmir Dispute
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Continued
Weapons of Mass
Destruction
Accidental Collapse
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Short Term Challenges
Stateless persons and
Refugees
Famines & Food Crises
MDGs
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ADMINSTRATIVE CRITICISM
A Bargain at $2.5 Billion per annumWashington Post, March 25, 2008
"excessively bureaucratic anddysfunctional organization, indesperate need of an overhaul. US SenatorRod Grams ,1990
HUGEBUREAUCRACY
USA, UK, RUSSIA, CHINA and FRANCEVETO CLUB
like a private club of hereditary elite-members
Erskine ChildersFait accompli
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PHILOSOPHICAL CRITICISM
Tower of Babble: How the UN Has Fueled the
Global ChaosDore Gold, Former Ambassador to
UN
MORALRELATIVISM
John Birch Society, www.jbs.org
Get US out of UN Campaign 1959GLOBALISM
Forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations in
Reagan and Bush Senior and Junior regimes
UNFPA( UN Population Fund) Perus Coercive
Sterilization Mid 90s
POPULATIONCONTROL &ABORTION
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DIPLOMATIC AND POLITICAL
CRITICISM
UN.G.A Res.181, 1947
UN.SC Res.242, 1967
ISRAEL-PALESTINE
CRISES
India and Pakistan atloggerheads Since 1947
KASHMIRDISPUTE
Genocide/civil War 2003-2010
Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) VsJustice and Equality Movement(JEM)
DARFURCRISES
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SCANDALS
1995-2003, Iraq could sell oilin world market to sustain
herself
OIL FOR FOODPROGRAM
Child prostitution in Cambodia,Mozambique and Bosnia
HAITI and Sudan recently
PEACEKEEPING
CHILD SEXUALABUSE
SCANDAL
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LIMITATIONS OF UNO
Financial Dependence
Human Resource Dependence
Military and Police troops
Big Powers untenable Influence
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COMPARISON WITH LEAGUE OF
NATIONS
Total Members 63
USA did not ratify the Covenant1920-1946
Costa Rica Withdrawal 1925
Brazil, Germany, Japan1920-1933
Paraguay, Guatemala, Honduras,
El-Slavador, Chile, Venezuela,1934-1938
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CONTINUED
Hungary, Peru, Spain
USSR was expelled, 19391939
Romania,
Haiti,1940-42
Germanys invasion of Czecho-Poland
Italy's Occupation of Albania
Three Major
Incidents,
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ANALYSIS
VETO CLUB Vs
Uniting for Peace Resolution
377
MONOPOLIZED
REPRESENTATI
ON
POLITICAL CHAOS
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL& CULTURAL CRISES
WORLDWITHOUT
UNO
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