united states army combined arms center h1n1 influenza informationandresources

United States Army Combined Arms CenterUnited States Army Combined Arms Center

H1N1 INFLUENZA H1N1 INFLUENZA INFORMATION INFORMATION

AND AND RESOURCESRESOURCES


H1N1H1N1

H1N1 flu is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. It has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia, plus avian genes and human genes. Scientists call this a “quadruple reassortant” virus.


SEASONAL FLU SYMPTOMSSEASONAL FLU SYMPTOMS

Seasonal Flu:

All types of flu can cause:• Fever• Coughing and/or sore throat• Runny or stuffy nose• Headaches and/or body aches• Chills• Fatigue


H1N1 FLU SYMPTOMSH1N1 FLU SYMPTOMS

Same as seasonal flu, but symptoms may be more severe:

• Fever

• Coughing and/or sore throat

• Runny or stuffy nose

• Headaches and/or body aches

• Chills

• Fatigue

In addition to the above symptoms, a number of H1N1 flu cases reported:

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea


PREVENTIVE MEASURESPREVENTIVE MEASURES

Get Vaccinated

Vaccination is the best protection against contracting the flu. You need two vaccines to be fully protected this year. The seasonal flu vaccine is different from the H1N1 (Swine) flu vaccine. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) is encouraging people to get both vaccinations. Get both vaccinations as soon as possible.


PREVENTIVE MEASURESPREVENTIVE MEASURES

Take these everyday steps to protect your health:• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or

sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. • Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you

cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective. • Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. • Try to avoid close contact with sick people. • Stay home if you are sick until at least 24 hours after you no longer

have a fever (100°F or 37.8°C) or signs of a fever (without the use of a fever-reducing medicine, such as acetaminophen).

• Follow public health advice regarding school closures, avoiding crowds and other social distancing measures.

• If you have severe illness or you are at high risk for flu complications, contact your health care provider or seek medical care.


IF YOU BECOME ILLIF YOU BECOME ILL

If you live in areas where people have been identified with novel H1N1 flu and become ill with influenza-like symptoms:

• Stay home, except tp get medical care, at least 24 hours after your fever is gone.

• Avoid contact with other people.


IF YOU BECOME ILLIF YOU BECOME ILL

If you become ill and experience any of the following warning signs, seek emergency medical care.

In children, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

• Fast breathing or trouble breathing• Bluish or gray skin color • Not drinking enough fluids • Severe or persistent vomiting • Not waking up or not interacting • Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held • Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath • Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen • Sudden dizziness • Confusion • Severe or persistent vomiting • Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough


MEDICINES USED TO TREAT H1N1MEDICINES USED TO TREAT H1N1

Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that can be used for prevention or treatment of flu viruses.


ANTIVIRIALSANTIVIRIALS

There are two types of antivirals that may be effective against the H1N1 flu:

• Oseltamivir (TAMIFLU®)• Zanamivir (RELENZA®)

In addition:• PERAMIVIR IV has been authorized to treat certain

patients.


H1N1 INFLUENZA GUIDANCE, H1N1 INFLUENZA GUIDANCE, RECOMMENDATIONS AND POLICIESRECOMMENDATIONS AND POLICIES

DoD

• 2009-2010 Global Influenza Surveillance Questionnaire – Air Force http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/flu/FluSurveillanceQ2009-2010_Final.pdf• AKO: H1N1 (Swine Influenza) Information Center https://www.us.army.mil/suite/portal.do?$p=610490• Algorithm for Testing and Treatment of Suspected H1N1 Influenza - 29 Jun 2009 http://www.chppmeur.healthcare.hqusareur.army.mil/sites/pi/h1n1/ATTACHMENT8-Algorithm_for_Testing_and_Treatment_of_Suspected_H1N1_Influenza.pdf• ERMC H1N1 Flu Health Advisory - 12 Jun 2009 http://www.chppmeur.healthcare.hqusareur.army.mil/sites/pi/h1n1/ERMC_H1N1_Flu_Health_Advisory.pdf• ERMC Provider Tool for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of H1N1 Flu - 29 Jun 2009 http://www.chppmeur.healthcare.hqusareur.army.mil/sites/pi/h1n1/ATTACHMENT6-ERMC_Provider_Tool_for_Diagnosis_Treatment_and_Prevention_of_H1N1_Flu.pdf• H1N1 Surveillance Questionnaire – Army http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/documents/H1N1/H1N1SurveillanceForm-WCHANGES.pdf• MEMORANDUM: Department of Defense Pandemic Vaccine Guidance for Novel Influenza A

(HINI), 30 September 2009 http://www.vaccines.mil/documents/1291DoD_H1N1_Policy_Sep2009.pdf



DoD (Continued)

• Military Health System H1N1 Flu Outbreak page http://www.health.mil/swineflu• Military Treatment Facility Locator http://www.tricare.mil/mtf/• Pandemic Influenza: Clinical and Public Health Guidelines for the MHS (03 Jun 2009) http://fhp.osd.mil/aiWatchboard/pdf/PI%20Clinical%20and%20Public%20Health%20Guidelines%20for%20the%20MHS%202%20JUNE%202009.pdf• Pandemic Influenza Watchboard http://fhp.osd.mil/aiWatchboard/• Preventive Medicine H1N1 Line Listing http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/documents/H1N1/PreventiveMedicineLineListing.xls• USACHPPM Guidance for US Army MEDDACS http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/documents/H1N1/H1N1FluAApr09.pdf• USACHPPM Risk Communication Tips http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/documents/H1N1/H1N1FlubasicHRguidance.pdf• USD(P&R) Public Health Emergency Management of the 2009 H1N1 Flu 11 May 2009 (13

May 2009)http://fhp.osd.mil/aiWatchboard/pdf/H1N1%20Memo(Final).pdf


H1N1H1N1 INFLUENZA GUIDANCE, INFLUENZA GUIDANCE, RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS AND POLICIES AND POLICIES

General/Family Members

• CDC Interim Guidance for Novel H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu): Taking Care of a Sick Person in Your Home

http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidance_homecare.htm• CDC Interim Recommendations for Facemask and Respirator Use to Reduce Novel

Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Transmission http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/masks.htm• CDC Recommendations for the Amount of Time Persons with Influenza-Like Illness

Should be Away from Others http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidance/exclusion.htm• 2009-10 ACIP Recommendations http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/agents.htm• Q&A: Antiviral Drugs, 2009-2010 Flu Season http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/antiviral• Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/community/community_mitigation.pdf• Department of Health and Human Services - Pandemic Influenza Plan http://www.hhs.gov/pandemicflu/plan/



General/Family Members (Continued)

• Department of State - Travel.State.gov - H1N1 Influenza http://www.travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/pa/pa_4493.html• EID Prospects for Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no04/05-1020.htm• Human Capital Planning for Pandemic Influenza http://www.opm.gov/pandemic/OPM-Pandemic_AllIssuances.pdf• OSHA: Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for an Influenza

Pandemic http://www.osha.gov/Publications/influenza_pandemic.html• ReadyArmy.mil http://www.ready.army.mil/• TRICARE Military Treatment Facilities Locator http://www.tricare.mil/mtf/


H1N1 INFLUENZA GUIDANCE, H1N1 INFLUENZA GUIDANCE, RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS AND POLICIES AND POLICIES

Clinicians

• CDC Antiviral Agents for Seasonal Influenza: Information for Health Professionals

http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/• CDC H1N1 Flu Clinical and Public Health Guidance http://www.cdc.gov/H1N1flu/guidance/• CDC Interim Guidance for Infection Control for Care of Patients

with Confirmed or Suspected Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Healthcare Setting

http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidelines_infection_control.htm• CDC Vaccination Resources http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination/index.htm• HHS Antiviral Drug Distribution and Use http://www.hhs.gov/pandemicflu/plan/sup7.html



Clinicians (Continued)

• HHS Clinical Guidelines

http://www.hhs.gov/pandemicflu/plan/sup5.html

• HHS Infection Control

http://www.hhs.gov/pandemicflu/plan/sup4.html

• HHS Interim Guidance on Planning for the Use of Surgical Masks and Respirators in Health Care Settings during an Influenza Pandemic

http://www.flu.gov/professional/hospital/maskguidancehc.html

• OSHA Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guidance for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers

http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA_pandemic_health.pdf



External Sources

• IOM: Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic: Facing the Flu

http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11637

• WHO recommendations on the use of rapid testing for influenza diagnosis

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/guidelines/RapidTestInfluenza_web.pdf



Additional Information on H1N1 Flu

• Army Medicine H1N1 Information http://www.armymedicine.army.mil/news/releases/20090604h1n1flu.cfm• Army Medicine Web Site http://www.armymedicine.army.mil/• Army Surgeon General Blog, H1N1 Flu Update https://blog.amedd.army.mil/tsg/?page=PostViewSingle&postId=102• CDC 2009 H1N1 Flu Information http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/• CDC 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Information http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/vaccination/public/vaccination_qa_pub.htm• CDC Information for Travelers http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/• DoD H1N1 Flu Information http://preview.defenselink.mil/home/features/2009/0509_h1n1/



Additional Information on H1N1 Flu (Continued)

• Health Affairs H1N1 Flu Page http://preview.defenselink.mil/home/features/2009/0509_h1n1/• MHS H1N1 Flu Outbreak Info http://www.health.mil/Pages/Page.aspx?ID=37• MILVAX H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Information http://www.vaccines.mil/default.aspx?cnt=disease/minidv&dID=60• The Surgeon General's Blog - H1N1 Flu Update https://blog.amedd.army.mil/tsg/• U.S. Army Medical Department Office of the Surgeon General http://www.armymedicine.army.mil/• USACHPPM Risk Communication “Tips” for Army Preventive Medicine/Medical

Staff Related to H1N1 Flu http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/documents/H1N1/H1N1FlubasicHRguidance.pdf• Walter Reed Army Medical Center 2009 Flu Informationhttp://www.wramc.amedd.army.mil/swineflu/pages/default.aspx



External Resources

• ASTHO: State H1N1 Flu Travel Advisories and Translated Materials

http://www.astho.org/page.aspx?id=602&terms=%22flu• CIDRAP News: H1N1 Flu

http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/swineflu/index.html

• FluNet Statistics

http://gamapserver.who.int/GlobalAtlas/home.asp• WHO Pandemic (H1N1) 2009

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html

united states army combined arms center h1n1 influenza informationandresources

Documents