UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF THE SILVER JACK

DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS, BOSTWICK

PARK PROJECT, COLORADO

Report No. Hyd-568

Hydra1.11ics Branch DIVISION OF RESEARCH

OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER DENVER, COLORADO

December 12, 1966

The information contained in this report may not be used in any publication,. advertising,. or other promotion in such a manner as to constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the Bureau of Reclamation,. either explicit or implicit, of any material,. product, device, or process that may be referred to in the report.

CONTENTS

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 lrltroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Alinement of the Gate and Pipe Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

20° vertical deflection angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 30° vertical deflection angle (approved) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Air Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Table

Dimensions of Important Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 1

Figure

Location Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Outlet Works· · · Control House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Outlet Works--Stilling Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The 1-2. 857 Scale Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tailwater Elevation versus Discharge . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Surface Flow in Stilling Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Clearance Between Jet and Blockout Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Air Flow through Air Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

i

ABSTRACT

A 1:2. 857 scale model of the 12-in. outlet works bypass pipe. con­trolled by a 10-in. jet-flow gate, for Silver Jack Dam, Colorado, operated satisfactorily when positioned correctly with relation to the stilling basin. Surf ace flow and penetration in the main outlet works stilling basin caused by the jet from the bypass pipe were observed. Air demand immediately downstream of the gate, supplied by flow upstream through the main pipe and by flow through the air vent pipe. was investigated.

DESCRIPTORS-- small structures/ stilling basins/ *wave action/ *air demand/ closed conduits/ hydraulic models/ jets/ *penetration{ model tests/ outlet works/ energy absorption/ hydraulic gates and valves IDENTIFIE_RS-- Silver Jack Dam, Colo/ Bostwick Park Project. Colo/ *jet-flow gates/ -*bypass pipes

ii

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

Office of Chief Engineer Division of Research Hydraulics Branch Denver. Colorado December 12, 1966

Report No. Hyd-568 Author: W. F. Arris Checked by: T. J. Rhone Reviewed by: W. E. Wagner Submitted by: H. M. Martin

HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF THE SILVER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS. BOSTWICK

PARK PROJECT, COLORADO

PURPOSE

The model study was made to determine the opera.ting characteristics of the outlet works bypass discharging a maximum design flow of 36 ·cfs (cubic feet per second) into the main outlet works stilling basin. Air demand immediately downstream of the jet-flow gate was also investi­gated.

CONCLUSIONS

1. The preliminary lateral angle of 9° with a 30° vertical deflection angle. centered the impact of the jet in the basin and created a mini­mum of turbulence and spray, Figure 16. There was adequate clearance between the jet and the blockout floor for all discharges. Figure 7. Penetration occurred well upstream in the basin for the 30° angle.

2. The gate was adequate to pass all discharges. and the downstream pipe was large enough to contain the diffused flow and form a smooth jet.

3. Sand and rock placed in the basin was either carried out of the basin or lodged at the base of the sloping floor of the basin.

4. Most of the air demand was satisfied by airflow upstream through the discharge pipe. Gate openings from 80 to 100 percent of maximum created a sharp rise in airflow through the air vent pipe. but tests showed that a large percent of the total air was still flowing up the dis -charge pipe.

INTRODUCTION

Silver Jack Dam, a feature of the Bostwick Park Project in western Colorado, is located on Cimarron Creek about 25 miles southeast of Montrose, Figure 1. The earthfill dam has a height of 138 feet above the creek bed, a length of 1, 070 feet at the crest, and a fill volume of l, 260,000 cubic yards. The hydraulic features include a spillway, an outlet works, and an outlet works bypass, the subject of this report.

The 12-inch-diameter outlet works bypass, controlled by a 10-inch jet-flow gate, 1 / will be used to discharge small quantities of water to satisfy downstream water rights during the winter. The bypass extends from the side of the right outlet condutt just downstream of the wye branch, Figure 2, bypasses the 2-foot 3-inch square main outlet works high-pressure slide gates, and discharges into the right half of the main outlet works stilling basin, Figure 3. The jet-flow gate is in the outlet works control house near the downstream end of the bypass. A 16-inch (prototype dimensions) inside-diameter pipe extends 19. 5 inches downstream from the gate and connects to a 32. 5-inch length of 17. 62-inch-inside-diameter pipe. This pipe carries the flow through the control house wall and directs the jet into the right half of the still­ing basin through a blockout in the right sidewall of the basin. A 2. 76-inch-inside-diameter vent pipe attached at the top centerline of the dis­charge pipe 3. 56 inches downstream of the face of the jet-flow gate provided air to the gate.

THE MODEL

The model was built to a scale ratio of 1: 2. 857 so that an available 3. 5-inch-diameter jet-flow gate could be used to represent the 10-inch­diameter prototype gate. The model included the jet-flow gate, the downstream pipe, and a portion of the right half of the outlet works stilling basin, Figure 4. The pipe bends upstream of the jet-flow gate were not modeled; instead, a straight 30-inch-long section of 3. 5-inch­diameter pipe was attached to the upstream face of the gate; the straight pipe was attached to the permanent laboratory supply system with 8 feet of 3-inch-inside-diameter flexible hose.

The gate and pipe assembly was pivoted for vertical movement at the pipe centerline 1-foot (model) downstream of the gate; horizontal move­ment could be made by shifting the baseplate on its mount. Pressure head was measured 1 diameter upstream from the gate by four piezom­eter taps connected to a common line leading to a mercury manometer. Discharges were measured with volumetrically calibrated Venturi meters. Airflow through the air vent pipe was measured by a sharp -edged orifice and an open-tube water manometer.

!/ Refers to reference at end of report.

2

Water surface levels in the stilling basin were controlled by an adjust­able tailgate, and the elevations were measured by a staff gage on the wall of the basin near the downstream end of the model. The portion of the basin represented in the model extended from Station 9+30 down­stream 53. 5 feet to the tailgate which was 23. 5 feet upstream from the end of the prototype basin. A glass window mounted in the right basin sidewall extended 23 feet downstream from Station 9,+54, and vertically 7 feet above the basin floor to allow an area below the water surface to be viewed. All model data presented in prototype form were computed according to Froudian relationships.

THE INVESTIGATION

Operating Conditions

The normal design discharge for the outlet works bypass is 8 cfs, and the maximum discharge is 36 cfs; intermediate discharges of 9, 18, and 27 cfs were also observed in the model. The pressure head, meas­ured 1 diameter upstream of the jet-flow gate, was computed and set in the model. With the computed pressure head, the maximum design dis­charge of 3 6 cfs could be obtained with a 100 percent gate opening.

The water surf ace elevation in the stilling basin for the range of bypass discharges and assuming no flow from the outlets is shown on Figure 5.

Alinement of the Gate and Pipe Assembly

The model gate and pipe assembly was adjustable so that the alinement which would provide the smoothest flow in the basin could be determined. In the preliminary design, the gate and pipe assembly was set to direct the jet into the basin at a lateral angle of 9° relative to the basin center­line. This angle was satisfactory and was not changed during the tests.

20° vertical deflection angle. --The preliminary ver-tical deflection angle for the gate and pipe assembly was 20° below the horizontal. Surface flow for this arrangement was generally very turbulent with high waves, foam, and splashing extending far down the length of the basin. The high boil due to the impact of the jet against the water · surface struck the center wall, Figures 6A and B. There was only a small clearance between the jet and the right basin wall for all discharges.

The point of impact of the jet on the water surface varied from Sta­tion 9+52 at 36-cfs discharge to Station 9+55 at the 8-cfs discharge. The maximum depth of the jet penetration varied from 10 feet below the average water surface at Station 9+69 for 36 cfs to 3 feet below the average water surface at Station 9+59 for the 8-cfs discharge.

3

The 20° vertical deflection angle was considered undesirable because of the turbulent surface flow conditions. Therefore, other angles were tested to obtain more efficient energy dissipation.

30° vertical deflection angle (approved). --Increasing the vertical deflection angle to 30° caused the jet to hit the water surface near the center of the basin pool and provided smoother flow conditions for all discharges, Figures 6C and D. Surface roughness, waves, foam, and splashing were less than for the previous test and did not extend as far downstream. The boil at the jet impact area rose about 3 feet above the water surface at 36-cfs discharge, but the waves along· either side of the basin and downstream from the boil were 1 foot high or less. The pool upstream of the jet was smooth but surged about 6 inches vertically with the .average water surface about a foot lower than the tailwater. There was adequate clear-ance between the jet and the sidewall and between the jet and the floor of the blockout under the jet for all discharges, Figure 7.

The depth of penetration was the same for the 30° deflection as it was for the 20° deflection for corresponding discharges. The 10° increase in vertical deflection angle caused the location of jet impact to move upstream about 8 feet for all discharges and the region of maximum jet penetration to move upstream about 9 feet at 8-cfs dis­charge and about 14 feet at 3 6-cfs discharge. On striking the stilling pool, the jet was centered in the basin with no impingement on the center wall.

Sand and rock placed in the basin was either carried out of the basin or lodged at the bottom end of the sloping floor at the upstream end of the basin.

A 35° vertical deflection angle for the gate and pipe assembly was also tested; however, the lower surface of the jet hit the floor of the blockout. It was not desirable to lower the bottom of the blockout, so this test was not continued.

Satisfactory flow conditions in the basin were obtained with the 9° lateral angle (from the preliminary design) and the 30° vertical deflection angle derived from the investigation; therefore, this arrangement of the gate and pipe assembly was approved for pro­totype installation.

Air Demand

The prototype air vent pipe extended from the downstream side of the gate about 3 feet through the control house wall to the atmosphere; how­ever, in the model only a short stub was placed on the pipe on the down­stream side of the gate, Figure 4. The rate of airflow throught this pipe stub connection was measured with a sharp-edged orifice placed in the end of a 2. 2-inch-inside-diameter air chamber. The differential

4

head of air across the orifice was measured with a U-tube water manometer and the quantity of airflow was computed from the equation

Q = CAv2gH

where C = coefficient of discharge (0. 60) A = area of orifice H = differential head in feet of air corrected for temperature

and barometric pressure

Airflow through the air vent pipe was negligible for gate openings of 60 percent or less. For these gate openings the aerated water did not­fill the pipe downstream of the gate, and the air required at the gate flowed up the unfilled portion of the discharge pipe. There was air­flow through the vent pipe for gate openings greater than 60 percent and air demand data were obtained for gate openings of 80 and 100 per­cent for both the 20° and 30° vertical deflection angles. The air demand at the large gate openings was directly proportional to the water dis­charge and was greater for the 20° vertical deflection angle than for the 30° angle, Figure 8.

Although the discharge pipe downstream of the gate flowed nearly full of air-saturated water at or near maximum discharge, air was observed moving upstream through the pipe against the main flow. even during the maximum design discharge and also with a 100 percent gate opening. The end of the discharge pipe was partially blocked to prevent air from entering by this access. This partial restriction caused a sharp increase in airflow through the vent pipe. indicating that a large amount of the total air demand was normally supplied through the discharge pipe.

Previous model tests2 /. of jet-flow gate discharging into a horizontal conduit showed the effect of lengthening the downstream conduit on the airflow through a vent pipe. Although the airflow in the downstream conduit was erratic, generally the flow of air through the vent increased as the conduit length was increased. In the cited test for a downstream length of 3. 72 D (D = downstream conduit width) the vent airflow was 0. 5 cfs, or less, up to 80 percent gate opening but rose sharply as the gate was opened to 100-percent'full open.

"An appreciable, but unmeasured portion of the total air demand of the system was supplied by air entering at the outlet end of the conduit and moving upstream along the top of the fluidway. This re-entrant air was particularly noticeable with the shortest conduits; how­ever. even with a conduit length of 18, 58 D2, a small part of the total air demand appeared to be. obtained in this manner."~/

5

The Silver Jack tests indicated that the bypass air vent pipe was more than adequate and probably would never be required to supply more than a small percent of the total air demand. The pipe down­stream of the jet-flow gate was of adequate size to carry the air­saturated water jet and to provide partial aeration at all discharges.

6

REFERENCES

1. "The Hydraulic Design of a Control Gate for the 102-Inch Out­lets in Shasta Dam." by F. C. Lowe. Report No. Hyd-201, USBR.

2. "Hydraulic Model Studies of the Trinity Dam Auxiliary Outlet Works Jet-Flow Gate--Central Valley Project, California, 11 by W. P. Simmons, Jr .• Report No. Hyd-472, USBR.

7

Table 1

DIMENSIONS OF IMPORTANT FEATURES

_t1 eature

Height of dam Length of dam at crest Outlet works bypass pipe,

diameter Jet-flow gate, diameter Air pipe, diameter Basin length (downstream of

sloping floor) Basin width (right half) Maximum design discharge

English umts

138 feet 1, 070 feet

12 inches 10 inches 2. 76 inches

53 feet 8 feet 36 cfs

Metric units

42. 06 meters 326. 14 meters

30. 48 centimeters 25. 40 centimeters 7. 01 centimeters

16. 15 meters 2. 44 meters 1. 02 ems

R. 94 W. 93 92 91

D E L T

. ----·'----

R.9 W.

KEY MAP

6

90

THIRD

.. ,i! Q)

"' o:i 5

89

CORRECTION

.. ~

\ 4

-R/PRAP SOURCc

88 LINE

87 SOUTH

SCALE OF MILES

FIGURE I REPORT HYD-568

R. 85 W.

T. 15 S.

49

0 N

48

SAGUACHE

T.47N.

f R. I W. R. IE.

1'R.1½ W.

12

NOTE: Cimarron Creek is also known as Cimarron River and Big Cimarron River.

,JC..,

1(' (i) ALWAYS TMlnK SAfETV

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECI..AMATION

BOSTWICK PARK PROJECT- COLORADO

SILVER JACK DAM LOCATION MAP

DENVER, COL.ORADO, FEB, '• 1966 860-D-3

Sta 9 +0(5o- :

Gate contra/ and reservoir level ___ , ~-"r gage piping - - -' » ;:;:- - - 1 --<-

-- -- sta. 9 •02.25--;:':.--

-- -- --Sta. 8+84.50-->;

Type "H' rutJber -~

waters top - - - - t--r--H..-.---"==-..,..~,;,

aL . ' :, ".' 'i .

• !!:

(25/ .J l>-

Walls must be supported or backfill must be 111 place before second stage concrete is placed --

Sta. 8 •84. 50- • • ••

Type '/{' rubber woterstop------

SEOTION F'-F'

Sta. 9 +ot.50- - - - ->1

01:TAIL. Z

SEOTION a-a

To f Outlet Works

" __ ._jF'

Slope to drain

3'-0', 7co' Industrial type metal

2' lnsu/atian ta be placed ta 6'

fram all openings unless otherwise shown·

18" Ladder._

: 4" Selected (bent reinf bar) ' surfacing-,

For details of heating system, \ see Owg. 860-0-35 , '

_ - · - '1: Outlet war ks .,.,-Openings

for louvers ,-Architectural

C, concrete soffits1 '\ ,.,, ..

.·.~ .-. J f __ .,/ ,_.., -12"

Architectural concrete panels -

--- z" lnsulaf,on

Construction Jaint---­

£ 11!' Bypass pipe-----4'8"-·

fl 879850-­

FIGURE 2 REPORT HYD-568

•• --£/. 8807. 25

--2' lnsulotion

•• Architectural concrete panels

--[/. 8798. 50

[/. 879775··=-=c-~-+-F if77l~~=:tjtt-~ £1. 8797.00

Sta.9+24.0i(_/ , E/.8792.97 r /

! I

•.#9 Anchor ba-s. Ori// and grait into first stage concrete

SEOTI0/11 A·A

i----6'-3'· 'Anchor bolts not shown

ScOTI0/11 O·O

f Out let war ks.

SEOTION G•G

LT

I 1

,3' I. D. Flexible hose .' ,3' 0 0 Slain less steel

; 1 ,' tube 1£ ff 880J.06

5' Drain-----

/Hoist anchor, see Detail (//5)

,-\ ,-2'of, 2·-0( Opening for louver :-£18801.80

• / :-, ,·J'o", 7'0" Industrial il;' ! : / type metal door

SEOTION E·c

-'.5'R. tf·J"--- - >i-<·-

£1 ·;;~/~~~~-:-f-'

€L.£VATION B-B

NOT€

·-Type 'H' rubber waterstop

For general notes see Owgs. 40·/J-7006 and 40-0-7004.

-Type 'H"rubber water stop

/Rubber waterstop·to be notched for reinforcement

MaYS 1111n11 SAHTV UNITED STATES

D£PAlltTM£1VT 01' TH£ IN1'£1f1Qlt

8UFf£AU OF RECLAMATION

l!IOSTWICI< PAl'fK ,.lfO.JECT - COL01'ADO

SIL VER .JACK OAM OVTl..cT WORKS

Pl/I'£ ANOHOR ANO OONTROL. HOVSE

0£NVEff, COL..OflfADO, FEaRf./AfltY Z:S* , •••

SHl:£T I Of' 2 860·0·24

8/ockouts for 95• chain /ink fence,

6'5.P. Drain with colked , joints.----- '

, ,,,-sto 9+40.57 .... -

Type ·11· rubb:e;r----.J..-~~----------JLJ woterstap-- - -- - - - , ,, 4', 6' Pasts

2: 1·-C1·:\ ' \ .. __ /f ¥ 12· Baits@ 12· crs. Cut • ·.:--,- / off and grind flush with

3 Planks--._ 1 :~~<" concrete offer. diversion

Sta. 9 +JO----.. ,·. ·'· . Re,nf. continuous thru ,

SECTION Q-Q contra/ ;t 1n floor only<

9•65 Wolkwoy, hoist frame ond

anchor bolls not snown-.

A Sta 9•82-----,..j , A ~ T-

Sta. 10+07- - •

Et.8780.00-·--·-

A . ~ E rn E

w ~to "'IQ J!Q~,' ! I

: i'.F '·Symm. about£ of Outlet

Works except os noted.

:,Type "H'rubber woterstop ro 5" from end of heel

PLAN

I 0 ,o

SCALE OF FEET ELEVATION N-N

Type "H" rubber waterstap to 6" from end of heel._

6 "DI a. concrete covering to bottom of floor slab where bar goes through backfill material--"

,[ •cava ted ; surface

.,.,,

, -<jM :_Fl/I exposed ends of center :

bulb with r11bber compound-,,

SECTION K-K

.,,Sfomless steel bar 2" x f' x 9'. 2"

SECTION F-F

tSfo,n/eSS S/ee/ rad r diO X /5" ' long. Weld to bars@ 12' crs.

Symm. about { perforated s. P drain:

Crushed rock v:aurlop ' -Sand

SECTION C-C

,I. I Downstream of ' Sta. 9 + 64

Batter t" per ff.----·

Spec10/!y a)mpocted,: lone I material_,,

:4" o.D. Steel vent pipe, :, # 10 gage wall

FIGURE 3 REPORT HYD_:568

,, -Slcpe f per ft,

{ Ou/let work?_,

, { ,fl 8793.00 3 --·· - (.,Slope f per

:!/ ff. from {

SECTION 0-0 , ;End plate 4 ;f' ID x5 f O.D.

.x! r' ,-64 ... ,44 •I (X and Yin mches)

DETAIL Sta. 9>95.75- ··--1,/ -Stainless steel bars 7'~ f *-'---~'-c-c--~v--v--ie-rt ... ,cc.co __ l_,s ... top=lo.,__g seats ood guides

\,/m·-.\·o. '.~~ge . Taj~~ ;;~:m. to pipe ( :_~·: \ :'{\

' , ,{ s P Drain outlets , _,--El.878000

Center wall El.8795.00··,

Q \_ r-­

f I. 8790 roi'f,

2 Spc.@ 8'- o' -/

#9 A nchar bars . see Detail Z-· ·

#9 AnchOr bars, see Detail

SECTION A-A

SEC. R-R Measurement pomt-.

Of;,-

Sta 9, 95, 75··

'··Lund of special compact,an @ cutoff zone I

' . ··::_. t-112 ' , · .·tiz 8 ~ for · l 6"a for 6

_. ·, 0 .-4" S.P

i\''.·:, :,.-J~ ·----fl 877875

• 1 ·.~ SECTION E-E DETAIL y

·>; '·s/a,nfeSS Steel bOrS 2'' X r SECTION G-G

,!£. 96"Chom link fence

J, I Or steeper ..

Specially compacted Zane I material- .. · ·,-sto 10.,. 07 Jr>

El 8807 32-­fl 8805.60·

Type 'H' rubber waterstop each wall-- •.

7'-2,f'On left s,de of 'i.--::':_7

f/879850· 1£. Outlet warks-

EI. 8795.00·

k' " : }-<·/5

k-1.L" ' ,

ELEVATION B-B

Et88072I·-··. El. 8807. 32- -. SECTION P·P

2: 1--

·-. --Sta. 9 + 30

·Et 8704 00 SECTION J-J

8718.00

SECTION H-H

NOTES For general notes see Dwgs. 40-0-7006 ond 40-0-7004. Measurement paints located 6'.' from contr ;omt and 3• from af where shown For measurement point defoit,see Dwq. 860·0-IZ

LI Indicates d1mens1ons normal fa slope. For de/alls af fence past blackouts, see Dwg. 860-0-18.

DIMENSION CORRECTED. KEYWAY ADOED TO FLAN

IIUINIYS TIHIIII SAFET\I VNlrED STAT 5

DEP~RTMEIVT OF THE flVTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

SOSTWICI( PARK PRO./ECT-COLORADO

SILVER JACK OAM OUTLET WORKS STILLING BASIN

860-0-23

Figure 4 Report No. Hyd-568

Overall view of model.

Jet-flow gate, downstream pipe, and·air supply vent.

SIL VER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS

The 1:2. 857 Scale Model

P860-D·56572 NA

FIGURE 5 REPORT HYD-568

714

1-w w LL.

z 0

I-ex > w _J

w

a:: w I-ex ,: _J -ex I-

8790.4

8790.0 ----------------------------0 10 20 30 40 50 DISCHARGE - CFS

SILVER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BY-PASS

TAILWATER ELEVATION VS. DISCHARGE 1: 2.857 SCALE MODEL

A. Discharge 8 cfs 98 feet of head

B. Discharge 36 cfs 5 9 feet of head

C. Discharge 8 cfs 98 feet of head

D. Discharge 36 cfs 59 feet of head

Gate and pipe assembly set at 20-degree vertical deflection angle.

SILVER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS

Surface flow in stilling basin

1:2. 857 scale model

Gate and pipe assembly set at 30-degree vertical deflection angle.

Figure 7 Report No. Hyd-568

Above - Discharge 36 cfs 59 feet of head

Right - Discharge 8 cfs 98 feet of head

Gate and pipe assembly set at 30-degree vertical deflection angle.

SIL VER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS

Clearance between jet and blockout floor

1:2 . 857 scale model

714

(/)

LL. (.)

3

2

3 0 ...J LL.

ct: I

<t

0

FIGURE 8 REPORT HYD -568

Gate ful I open Gate so% open

0 .-'

v~ _/ v

,,, ,,

© 'v V ~ ~

10

.. 0 / V

1~---/' ~ ©

.,. .... ~ :.,...--- \._,. ....

/ - -- -\ -- ---/ ,...-

~ . --.Jo.- -

20

WATER DISCHARGE

~ ~ I,, ....

....

--- ---

30

CFS

~

--- ----

Gate and pipe ·ossembly set at 20- degrees vertical deflection angle below horizontal.

---- Gate and pipe assembly set at 30-degrees vertical deflection angle below horizontal.

The above curves _show the effect on the quantity of air flow through the air vent pipe by changing the vertical deflection angle of the gate and pipe assembly.

SILVER JACK OUTLET WORKS

DAM BY-PASS

AIR FLOW THROUGH AIR VENT PIPE

I: 2.857 SCALE MODEL

,

40

7-1750 (11Mi4)

The tollcri.Dg conversion factors adopted by the Bureau or Reclamation are those published by the American Society, tar Testing and Materials (AS'DI Metric Practice Guide, JamJ1117 1964) except that additional factors (*) cCIIIIIIQIIJy used in the Bureau have been added. Further discussion or definitions or quantities and units ia given on pages 10-ll or the .ASTM Metric Practice Guide.

The metric units and conve:raion factors adopted by the .As.lM are based on the "International &Tatem or Units" (designated SI tar &JBteme International d 1Unitea), fixed by the International Committee tar Weight.a and Measures; t.b:l.s s,yatem is also kDOIID as the Giorgi ar MIIBA (meter-lcllogram (•ea)-aecond-ampere) I\YBtem. Thia I\YBtem has been adopted by the International Organization tar standardization in ISO Recamaelldation R-31.

The metric technical unit or farce is the lcllogram-i'arce; tbia is the farce wllich, when applied to a boc:l)r having a ••• or 1 Jig, gives it an acceleration or 9.110665 TJ!/sec/aec, the standard acceleration or tree tall toward the earth's center rar sea level at 45 deg latitude. The metric unit or force in SI units is the newton (N), which is defined as that rorce wllich, when applied to a boc:17 having a EBB or 1 Jig, gives it an acceleration or 1 'IIJ/sec/aec. These units must be distinguished tran the (inconstant) local weight or a boc:17 having a maa or 1 Jig; ttlat is, the weight or a boc:17 is that rorce with which a boc:17 is attracted to the ~ and is equal to the EBS or a boc:17 multiplied by the acceleration due to graviey. However, because it is general practice to use "pound" rather than the technically correct term "pound-farce,• the term "lcllogram" (ar derived EBS unit) has been used in this guide instead or "lcllogram­i'orce0 in expreaaiJlg the conversion i'actara tar farces. The newton unit or force will find increasing use, and is essential in SI units.

~ QIWITITIFS AND UNITS OF SP.ACE

Mil.ti!~ !at To obtaiJI

LEN<ffll

Mil. ••• 2,.4 (~) •• • Micron I:Dahes • 2'.4 (enctly) ••• • 111.llimtera

2.54 (ezact:qt • • Centimeters Feet • 30.48 (exaot:q •.• • Cent1mstera

0.3048 (ezact:q)* •• • Meters 0.0003048 (aaot:q)* • • ltil.ometers

Yard.a •••••• 0.9144 (ezact:q) • • Meters 111.l.ea (statute) 1,609.3" (exactly)* • • Matera

l.609li!t tuact~l • ltil.omaters

AREA

Square inches, 6.4'16 (ezactl.J") • • Square centimeters Square rset. • 929,0.'.l (exactly)* •• • Square cent:lmaters

0.092903 (uactly) • Square meters Square yards • 0 .8,'.l6l.27 • • • Square 1111ters Acres ••••• 0 .4()4691S • • • Hectares

4,046.C)lt •••• • Square meters 0 .0040469* • • Square ldl.omaters

SQuare ml.lea • 2.58999 •• • SClusre ldl.omaters

VOLUMI!!

Cubic inches • l.6.38'71. • • • Cubic centineters Cubl.c 1'eet • • 0.0283168 • • Cubic meters Cubic ~a .. o. 764555 •• • Cubic meters

CAP.ACIT!'

nllid 011DCea (U.S.) 29.'Y1.'.l7 •• • Cubl.c centimeters 29.5729 •• • 111.l.lili ters

Liquid pints (U.S.) 0.47.'.ll.?9. • Cubic decimeters O • 4 73166. • Liters

Quart.a (U.S.). 9,46:i.,s ••• • Cubic centillllters

O&l.lcms (U.S.) 0.946358. • Liters

.'.l,ffl.4.'.l* •• • • Cubic centimeters .'.l.7854.'.l • • Cubic decimeters .'.l.ffl.'.l.'.l ••• • Liters 0.0037854.'.l* • • Cubic meters

Gallona (U J[ • ) 4.54609 • • Cubic decillllters 4.54596 • • Liters

Cubic reet • 28.3160. • Liters Cubic yard.a 764.55* • • Liters Acrs-reet. ., l.,2.'.l.'.l.5* • Cubic meters

• l.12221'°°* •• Liters

!!.!?!Ll!. gtlANTITIES AND UNITS OF MECHANICS

Multiply

Grains (1/7,000 lb) ••• Tro,y ounces ( 4SO grains) • Ounces (avdp) •••• Pounds (avdp) • • • • Short tons (2,000 lb)

Long tons (2 1240 lb)

Pounds per square inch

Pounds per square foot

Ounces per cubic inch • • , Pounds per cubic root , • •

Tons (long) per cubic yard·

Ounces per gallan (U .s.). Ounces per gallan ( U .K. ) • Pounds per gallan (U.S •• Pounds r allon U .K. •

Inch-pqunds

Foot-pounds

Foot-pounds pe; :ln~h • Ounce-inches •

Feet per secand

Feet per :year • Miles per hour

Feet per secand2

By

64. ?9891 (exactly) • • 31.1035 ••••••• 28.3495 ••••••• 0.45359237 (exactly)

907.185 ••• • 0.907185 •• .l,016.05 ••••

FORCE :r.REA

0;070307 0,689476 4.88243

47,880) •

MASS/VOLUME (DENSITY)

1.72999 , 16,0185 •• 0,0160185 1.32894 ••

7.4893 6.2362

119.829 99.779

BENDING !,OMENT OR TORQUE

0.011521 ••• 1.12985 X lo6 0.138255 ••• l.J5582 X 107 5.4431 ••••

72.008 ••••

VELOCITY 30.48 (exactly) •• o. J048 (exactly)* 0.965873 X lQ-oi, • 1.609344 (exactl:y) 0.44194 (exactly)

ACCELERATION* 0.3048* •••

FLOW

To obtain

• Milligrams • Grams • Grams • Kilograms • Kilograms • Metric tons • Kilograms

• Kilograms per square centimeter • Newtons per square centimeter • Kilograms per square meter

Newtons per square meter

• Grams per cubic centimeter • Kilograms per cubic meter

Grams per cubic centimeter Grams per cubic centimeter

• Grams per liter • Grams per 11 ter • Grams per liter • Grams r liter

• Meter-kilograms • Centimeter-dynes • Meter-kilograms • Centimeter-dynes • Centimeter-kilograms per centimeter • Oram-centimeters

• Centimeters per eecand • Meters per second • Centimeters per second • Kilometers per hour • Meters per second

• Meters per second2

CUbic feet per second ( secand• feet) • • • • • • • • • • • • 0.028317*. • CUl>ic meters per second

CUbic feet per minute • • • • • 0.4719 • • • Liters per eecand aaClal=la::ons=--"(U:..,•::S.:..• ),._,,pe;:::r:...:mlnu=:.:te::...,•'-'-• ..:•_....,:::0.,_,.06=J09~_._. -'-'-'-'--'-'-'-'--'-'-'-'-" ~L::_i te=r.!!.s..!per~..!s!!:e!:!can~d"----· ___ _

Multiply By

Pounds 0.453592* ••• 4.4482* •••• 4.4482 X lQ-5* •

WORK AND EMERGY*

British thermal unite (Btu).

Btu per pound.

• 0.252* ••••• • 1,055.06 ••••••

2 , 326 ( exactl:y) • 1.35582* ••• Foot-pounds.

Horsepower • • • • • • Btu per hour • • • • • Foot-pounds per second

Btu in./hr ft2 deg F (k, thermal canducti vi ty)

Btu rt/hr tt2 dsg F • • • • Btu/hr rt2 deg F ( C, thermal

canductence) • • • • • • •

Deg F hr tt2/B~ (R: ih;,,,;_j_ resistance) • • • • • • • • •

Btu/lb deg F (c, heat capecit:y). Btu/lb deg F • • • • • • • • • • Ft2/J,r (themal diffusivity)

Grains/hr ft2 ( water vapor transmissian). • • • • •

Perms ( permeanoe) • • • • • Perm-inches (permeability)

Multiply CUbic feet per square foot per

dey (seepage) • • • • • • • Pound-seconds per square foot

(viscosity). • • • • • • • • • • Square feet per second (viscosity) Fahrenbe:l,t degrees (change)* • Volts per mil. • • • • • • • • Lumens per square foot ( foot-

candlee) Ohm-circular mile per foot Millicuries · per cubic root Milliampe per square foot Gallons per square :yard Pounds per inch.

POWER

745,700 ••• 0.293071 ••• 1.35582 •••

HEAT TRANSFER

1.442 • 0.1240 • 1.4800,,

o.568 4.882

1.761 4.1868 1.000* 0.2581 • 0.09290*

WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION

16.7 • 0.659 1.67

~ OTHER QUANTITIES AND UNITS

By

304.8*

4.8824* ••••• 0.02903* (exactl:y) 5/9 exactl:y. O.OJ9J7.

10.764 • 0.001662

35,3147* 10.7639*

4.527219'> 0.17858* •

To obtain

Kilograms Newtons p;ynes

• Kilogram calories • Joules • Jall.es per gram , Joules

• Watts • Watts • Watts

• Milliwatts/cm deg C • Kg cal/hr m deg C • Kg cal m/hr rt?- deg C

• Ml.lliwatts/cm2 deg C • Kg cal/hr rt?- deg C

• Deg C crt?-/milliwatt • J/g deg C • Cal/gram deg C • crt?-/seo • M2,:nr

• Grams/24 hr rIF-• Metric perms • Metric perm-centimeters

To obtain

• Liters per square meter per dey

• Kilogram secand per square meter • Square meters per second • Celsius or Kelvin degrees (change)* • Kilovolts per millimeter

• Lumens per square meter • Ohm-square millimeters per meter • Ml.llicuries per cubic meter • Ml.lliampe per square meter • Liters per square meter • Kilograms per centimeter

GP0845-237

ABSTRACT

.A 1:2. 857 scale model of the 12-in. outlet works bypass pipe, con­trolled by a 10-in. jet-flow gate, for Silver Jack Dam, Colorado,

· operated satisfactorily when positioned correctly with relation to the stilling basin. Surface flow and penetration in the main outlet works stilling basin caused by the jet from the bypass pipe were observed. Air demand immediately downstream of the gate, supplied by flow upstream through the main pipe and by flow through the air vent pipe, was investigated.

ABSTRACT

A 1:2. 857 scale model of the 12-in. outlet works bypass pipe, con­trolled by a 10-in. jet-flow gate, for Silver Jack Dam, Colorado, operated satisfactorily when positioned correctly with relation to the stilling basin. Surface flow and penetration in the main outlet works

· stilling basin caused by the jet from the bypass pipe were observed. Air demand immediately downstream of the gate, supplied by flow upstream through the main pipe and by flow through the air vent pipe, was investigated.

ABSTRACT

A 1:2. 857 scale model of the 12-in. outlet works bypass pipe, con­trolled by a 10-in. jet-flow gate, for Silver Jack Dam, Colorado, operated satisfactorily when positioned correctly with relation to the stilling basin. Surface flow and penetration in the main outlet works stilling basin caused by the jet from the bypass pipe were observed. Air demand immediately downstream of the gate, supplied by flow upstream through the main pipe and by flow through the air vent pipe, was investigated.

ABSTRACT

A 1:2. 857 scale model of the 12-in. outlet works bypass pipe, con­trolled by a 10-in. jet-flow gate, for Silver Jack Dam, Colorado, operated satisfactorily when positioned correctly with relation to the stilling basin. Surface flow and penetration in the main outlet works stilling basin caused by the jet from the bypass pipe were observed. Air demand immediately downstream of the gate, supplied by flow upstream through the main pipe and by flow through the air vent pipe, was investigated.

Hyd-568 Arris, W F HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF SILVER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS--BOSTWICK PARK PROJECT, COLORADO. USBR Lab Rept Hyd-568, Hyd Br, Dec 1966. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 7 p, 8 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref

DESCRIPTORS-- small structures/ stilling basins/ *wave action/ *air demand/ closed conduits/ hydraulic models/ jets/ *penetration/ model tests/ outlet works/ energy absorption/ hydraulic gates and valves IDENTIFIERS-- Silver Jack Dam, Colo/ Bostwick Park Project, Colo/ *jet-flow gates/ *bypass pipes

Hyd-568 Arris, W F HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF SILVER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS--BOSTWICK PARK PROJECT, COLORADO. USBR Lab Rept Hyd-568, Hyd Br, Dec 1966. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 7 p, 8- fig, 1 tab, 2 ref

DESCRIPTORS-- small structures/ stilling basins/ *wave action/ *air demand/ closed conduits/ hydraulic models/ jets/ *penetration/ model tests/ outlet works/ energy absorption/ hydraulic gates and valves IDENTIFIERS-- Silver Jack Dam, Colo/ Bostwick Park Project, Colo/ *jet-flow gates/ *bypass pipes

Hyd-568 Arris, W F HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF SILVER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS--BOSTWICK PARK PROJECT, COLORADO. USBR Lab Rept Hyd-568, Hyd Br, Dec 1966. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 7 p, 8 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref

DESCRIPTORS-- small structures/ stilling basins/ *wave action/ *air demand/ closed conduits/ hydraulic models/ jets/ *penetration/ model tests/ outlet works/ energy absorption/ hydraulic gates and valves IDENTIFIERS-- Silver Jack Dam, Colo/ Bostwick Park Project, Colo/ *jet-flow gates/ *bypass pipes

Hyd-568 Arris, W F HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF SILVER JACK DAM OUTLET WORKS BYPASS--BOSTWICK PARK PROJECT, COLORADO. USBR Lab Rept Hyd-568, Hyd Br, Dec 1966. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 7 p, 8 fig, 1 tab, 2 ref

DESCRIPTORS-- small structures/ stilling basins/ *wave action/ *air demand/ closed conduits/ hydraulic models/ jets/ *penetration/ model tests/ outlet works/ energy absorption/ hydraulic gates and valves IDENTIFIERS-- Silver Jack Dam, Colo/ Bostwick Park Project, Colo/ *jet-flow gates/ *bypass pipes