united states fire administration chief officer training curriculum operations module 11: structural...

United States Fire Administration

Chief Officer Training Chief Officer Training CurriculumCurriculum

OperationsOperations

Module 11:Module 11:

Structural Collapse Simulation Structural Collapse Simulation ExerciseExercise

Ops 11-2


ObjectivesObjectives

Identify various resource levels, Identify various resource levels, types, and capabilities used for types, and capabilities used for structural collapse incidentsstructural collapse incidents

Determine types and levels of Determine types and levels of structural collapse risksstructural collapse risks

Determine levels of capability for a Determine levels of capability for a structural collapse incidentstructural collapse incident

Establish incident objectivesEstablish incident objectives

Ops 11-3


ObjectivesObjectives (continued) (continued)

Determine strategiesDetermine strategies

Select tacticsSelect tactics

Identify and request resourcesIdentify and request resources

Establish an appropriate ICS Establish an appropriate ICS organization to manage a structural organization to manage a structural collapse incidentcollapse incident

Ops 11-4


OverviewOverview

Basic knowledge of factors involved Basic knowledge of factors involved in a structural collapse incidentin a structural collapse incident

Appreciation for the complexity of Appreciation for the complexity of structural collapse incidentsstructural collapse incidents

Practice of command skills required Practice of command skills required to manage structural collapse to manage structural collapse incidentsincidents

Appreciation for the need for Appreciation for the need for effective incident managementeffective incident management

Ops 11-5


Collapse Caused by FireCollapse Caused by Fire

Localized or catastrophicLocalized or catastrophic Life hazard to:Life hazard to:

– FirefightersFirefighters– CiviliansCivilians

Operations may have to continueOperations may have to continue– Firefighting strategy may or may not Firefighting strategy may or may not

have have to changeto change– Collateral damage to rigs, exposures, Collateral damage to rigs, exposures,

fire extensionfire extension– Water from firefighting adding weightWater from firefighting adding weight

Ops 11-6


Localized CollapseLocalized Collapse

Localized collapseLocalized collapse– Minor—part of a ceiling assemblyMinor—part of a ceiling assembly– Substantial—a roof, ceiling or floor assemblySubstantial—a roof, ceiling or floor assembly

Catastrophic collapseCatastrophic collapse– Fire damage causes structural members to Fire damage causes structural members to

failfail– Heating of structural members leads to Heating of structural members leads to

collapsecollapse– Explosions or backdrafts damage structural Explosions or backdrafts damage structural

elementselements

Ops 11-7


Vehicle AccidentsVehicle Accidents

Structural damage usually localizedStructural damage usually localized– Can involve bearing walls or supportsCan involve bearing walls or supports– Hazards of other weakened building Hazards of other weakened building

componentscomponents– Damage to building utilitiesDamage to building utilities– May cause fireMay cause fire

VictimsVictims Extrication problemsExtrication problems

Ops 11-8


Building AlterationsBuilding Alterations

Approved alterations (permit posted)Approved alterations (permit posted)– Alterations done with approved plans Alterations done with approved plans

but done incorrectlybut done incorrectly– Pre-existing but unknown weaknessesPre-existing but unknown weaknesses

““Owner approved” alterationsOwner approved” alterations– Alterations done without permitsAlterations done without permits– Structural members removedStructural members removed– Bearing walls removedBearing walls removed

DemolitionDemolition

Ops 11-9


Natural HazardsNatural Hazards

EarthquakeEarthquake WindWind

– TornadoesTornadoes– Hurricanes or typhoonsHurricanes or typhoons– Trees down into buildingTrees down into building

PrecipitationPrecipitation– RainRain– SnowSnow

Ops 11-10


Low Probability/High RiskLow Probability/High Risk

Complex rescuesComplex rescues

Dangerous rescuesDangerous rescues

Time-critical situationsTime-critical situations

Interaction of different levels of Interaction of different levels of rescue capabilityrescue capability

Ops 11-11


Rescuer HazardsRescuer Hazards

Potential threats include:Potential threats include:

PhysicalPhysical

MedicalMedical

EnvironmentalEnvironmental

ExternalExternal

PsychologicalPsychological

Ops 11-12


Unsafe ConditionsUnsafe Conditions

Unstable building/secondary Unstable building/secondary collapsecollapse

Confined spaceConfined space

Flammable or toxic hazardFlammable or toxic hazard

Oxygen-deficient atmosphereOxygen-deficient atmosphere

Ignition sourceIgnition source

Sharp, unstable, or irregular Sharp, unstable, or irregular surfacesurface

Ops 11-13


Safety ConsiderationsSafety Considerations

Preplanning and trainingPreplanning and training

Use of ICSUse of ICS

Establishment of a Safety Officer, Establishment of a Safety Officer, safetysafetyplan, and Rapid Intervention Crewplan, and Rapid Intervention Crew

Use of a personnel accountability Use of a personnel accountability systemsystem

Require appropriate protective clothingRequire appropriate protective clothingand equipmentand equipment

Ops 11-14


Response OperationsResponse Operations

Search for live victimsSearch for live victims

Rescue live victims—realize time a Rescue live victims—realize time a critical factor for survivalcritical factor for survival

Consider risk/benefit factorsConsider risk/benefit factors

– Structural stability/instabilityStructural stability/instability

Consider safety factorsConsider safety factors

Continue firefighting operationsContinue firefighting operations

Ops 11-15


Recovery OperationsRecovery Operations

Remove deceased victims and personal Remove deceased victims and personal propertyproperty

Realize time is not criticalRealize time is not critical

Use additional safety precautions (when Use additional safety precautions (when possible)possible)

Use critical incident stress managementUse critical incident stress management

Work with law enforcement and coroner Work with law enforcement and coroner in investigation and recovery operationsin investigation and recovery operations

Stabilize and secure the siteStabilize and secure the site

Ops 11-16


Levels of Capability/ResourcesLevels of Capability/Resources

Local fire departmentLocal fire department

FEMA National US&R Task ForcesFEMA National US&R Task Forces

Spontaneous volunteersSpontaneous volunteers

Other agenciesOther agencies

Private Sector ResourcesPrivate Sector ResourcesCommunity Emergency Response Team (CERT)Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)

Private Sector ResourcesPrivate Sector ResourcesSearch Dogs and HandlersSearch Dogs and Handlers

Private Sector ResourcesPrivate Sector ResourcesPrivate ContractorsPrivate Contractors

Private Sector ResourcesPrivate Sector ResourcesStructural EngineersStructural Engineers

Private Sector ResourcesPrivate Sector ResourcesIndustry TeamsIndustry Teams

Ops 11-22


US&R Resource TypesUS&R Resource Types

US&R Task ForceUS&R Task Force Type I (Heavy)—concrete, steel, Type I (Heavy)—concrete, steel,

confined spaceconfined space Type II (Medium)—heavy timber, Type II (Medium)—heavy timber,

masonrymasonry Type III (Light)—basic rope rescueType III (Light)—basic rope rescue Type IV (Basic)—surface rescueType IV (Basic)—surface rescue

US&R Task ForceUS&R Task Force

Type 1: Type 1: Heavy Rescue Company—Heavy Heavy Rescue Company—Heavy Rescue CapabilityRescue Capability

Type 2: Truck Company—Medium Type 2: Truck Company—Medium Rescue CapabilityRescue Capability

Type 3: Engine Company—Light Type 3: Engine Company—Light Rescue CapabilityRescue Capability

Ops 11-27


Coordinating with Other Coordinating with Other AgenciesAgencies

The incident (IC and agency The incident (IC and agency representative(s))representative(s))

Department dispatch center or Department dispatch center or department operating centerdepartment operating center

Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC)Local Emergency Operations Center (EOC) County EOCCounty EOC State multi-agency coordination system State multi-agency coordination system

and EOCand EOC Federal coordinating systemFederal coordinating system City level (mayor)City level (mayor)

Ops 11-33


Operational ConsiderationsOperational Considerations

TimeTime

LocationLocation

Occupancy (hazards, type, multiple)Occupancy (hazards, type, multiple)

Height and area (six sides)Height and area (six sides)

Size of collapse area and structural Size of collapse area and structural hazardshazards

Fire and hazardous materials Fire and hazardous materials problemsproblems

Ops 11-34


Operational Considerations Operational Considerations (continued)(continued)

ExposuresExposures Utilities (gas, water, electricity)Utilities (gas, water, electricity) WeatherWeather VictimsVictims TrafficTraffic RailRail

Ops 11-35


PersonnelPersonnel

Incident commandIncident command

CommunicationsCommunications

MedicalMedical

SafetySafety

Special equipmentSpecial equipment


Ops 11-36



Construction equipmentConstruction equipment

Shoring materialsShoring materials

Information updatesInformation updates

Staging areasStaging areas

Responder rest, recovery, and reliefResponder rest, recovery, and relief

Secondary collapseSecondary collapse

Ops 11-37


Life Safety andLife Safety andPersonnel ConsiderationsPersonnel Considerations

Collapse hazards:Collapse hazards:

– Structural failureStructural failure

– Nonstructural failureNonstructural failure

– Nonstructural damageNonstructural damage

– Environmental conditionsEnvironmental conditions

““Low occurrence/high-risk incidents Low occurrence/high-risk incidents injure and kill firefighters.”injure and kill firefighters.”

Ops 11-38


Personnel AccountabilityPersonnel Accountability

IC must ensure an accountability IC must ensure an accountability system in place early during initial system in place early during initial responseresponse

Accurate information must be Accurate information must be provided on assignments and provided on assignments and locations of:locations of:

– CompaniesCompanies

– CrewsCrews

– PersonnelPersonnel

Ops 11-39


Scene SafetyScene Safety

Provide leadership and organizationProvide leadership and organization Obtain accurate information and Obtain accurate information and

develop plandevelop plan Make safety top priorityMake safety top priority Assign ISO and Rapid Intervention Assign ISO and Rapid Intervention

Crew (RIC)Crew (RIC) Provide appropriate protective Provide appropriate protective

measures and safety equipmentmeasures and safety equipment

Ops 11-40


Scene Safety Scene Safety (continued)(continued)

Rotate crews and provide rehabilitationRotate crews and provide rehabilitation Plan for contingenciesPlan for contingencies Monitor, isolate, confine, contain, and Monitor, isolate, confine, contain, and

mitigate hazardsmitigate hazards Communicate and use chain of Communicate and use chain of

commandcommand Hold periodic briefingsHold periodic briefings Plan for injuries and stress Plan for injuries and stress

managementmanagement

Ops 11-41


Question ...Question ...

““What actions should the IC take when What actions should the IC take when managing the scene of a structural managing the scene of a structural

collapse?”collapse?”

Ops 11-42


Initial ResponseInitial Response

Task

E n g in e1

Task

E n g in e2

Task

Tru ck1

L awE n fo rcem en t

IncidentC om m ander

Ops 11-43


Expanded ResponseExpanded Response

Task Force 1Task Force 1

Strike TeamStrike Team

AmbulanceAmbulance

(Medical)(Medical)

US&R Strike US&R Strike Team (SearchTeam (Search

AA

US&RUS&R

(Rescue)(Rescue)

(Search)(Search)

(Medical)(Medical)

BB

(Scene)(Scene)

LawLaw

(Scene)(Scene)

Law Law EnforcementEnforcement(Traffic)(Traffic)

LawLawEnforcementEnforcement

LawLawWorksWorks

IncidentIncident

SafetySafetyStagingStaging

InformationInformationOfficerOfficer

(Rescue)(Rescue)

EngineEngine

(Support)(Support)

(Medical)(Medical)

AmbulanceAmbulance

DivisionDivision

Task Force 2Task Force 2(Rescue)(Rescue)

Strike TeamStrike Team

EngineEngine

AmbulanceAmbulance

DivisionDivision

LawLawEnforcementEnforcement

EnforcementEnforcement

(Traffic)(Traffic)

GroupGroup

DebrisDebrisRemovalRemoval

PublicPublic

CommanderCommander

OfficerOfficer

RICRIC

Ops 11-44


Detailed IAPDetailed IAP

Developed for each operational Developed for each operational periodperiod

Essential elements include:Essential elements include:– Specific detailed objectivesSpecific detailed objectives– Tactics (to meet objectives)Tactics (to meet objectives)– Resource assignmentsResource assignments– Incident organizationIncident organization– MapsMaps– Plans for communications, medical, Plans for communications, medical,

safety, and trafficsafety, and traffic

Ops 11-45


Operational PeriodsOperational Periods

Planned time periods needed to Planned time periods needed to achieve objectivesachieve objectives

May require shorter operational May require shorter operational periods due to rapidly changing periods due to rapidly changing incidentsincidents

Ops 11-46


Logistical SupportLogistical Support

Long-term needs:Long-term needs:

LightingLighting

Large food/water supplyLarge food/water supply

Major equipment, repair, supply Major equipment, repair, supply functionfunction

Special equipment acquisitionsSpecial equipment acquisitions

Other support functions (specific to Other support functions (specific to a structural collapse incident) a structural collapse incident)

Ops 11-47


Incident FacilitiesIncident Facilities

Multiple staging areas Multiple staging areas Large base for personnel and Large base for personnel and

equipment supportequipment support Supply and equipment distribution Supply and equipment distribution

systemsystem Expanded Incident Command Post Expanded Incident Command Post

(ICP)(ICP) Larger triage and treatment areasLarger triage and treatment areas MorgueMorgue Decontamination areaDecontamination area

StagingAir Operations

DivisionA

DivisionB

FireSuppression

Group

US&RGroup #1

US&RGroup #2

Search &RescueBranch

SceneSecurityGroup

TrafficControlGroup

EvacuationGroup

LawEnforcement

Branch

HeavyEquipment

Group

PublicUtilities

DebrisRemoval

PublicWorksBranch

MedicalGroup

PatientTransportation

Group

Multi-casualtyBranch

OfficeDivision

RestaurantDivision

ReconGroup

ExposureBranch

OperationsSection

SituationStatus

ResourceStatus

Unit

DocumentationUnit

VictimLocator

Unit

US&RTechnicalSpecialist

PlanningSection

CommunicationUnit

MedicalUnit

FoodUnit

LogisticsSection

TimeUnit

ProcurementUnit

Finance/Administration

Section

Incident Command

FireLaw Enforcement

Liaison

Safety

Information

RIC

Ops 11-49


Extended ICS OrganizationExtended ICS Organization

During a multibranch response:During a multibranch response:

The IC assigns Logistics and The IC assigns Logistics and Finance/ Administration ChiefsFinance/ Administration Chiefs

Operations has established five Operations has established five branchesbranches

Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration have several Administration have several operational unitsoperational units

Ops 11-50


Interaction with EOCInteraction with EOC

Activated to support response Activated to support response agencies and coordinate multi-agencies and coordinate multi-agency operations agency operations

Local government EOCs are central Local government EOCs are central point for coordination within and point for coordination within and outside jurisdictionoutside jurisdiction

Field level coordination may go Field level coordination may go through dispatchthrough dispatch

Ops 11-51


May be managed using five primary May be managed using five primary ICS functionsICS functions

IC normally interacts with EOC OSCIC normally interacts with EOC OSC

ICS section chiefs may interact ICS section chiefs may interact directly with EOC section chiefsdirectly with EOC section chiefs

Interaction with EOCInteraction with EOC (continued) (continued)

Ops 11-52


Activity 11.1: Structural Activity 11.1: Structural Collapse:Collapse:

Large Tree Down into an Large Tree Down into an Apartment Building Apartment Building

Ops 11-53


Module SummaryModule Summary

Perform risk-hazard analysis to Perform risk-hazard analysis to determine resource requirementsdetermine resource requirements

Perform scene assessment to Perform scene assessment to develop response plandevelop response plan

Expand response as incident growsExpand response as incident grows

united states fire administration chief officer training curriculum operations module 11: structural...

Documents

united states

administration ops

demolition slide

weight slide

site slide

basicsurface rescue

irregular surface slide

usr task force slide