United States History IUnited States History I

Chapter 10-4: “Causes of the Chapter 10-4: “Causes of the American Civil War”American Civil War”

Standards 1.2-1.8Standards 1.2-1.8

Sectionalism and the Roots of Sectionalism and the Roots of ConflictConflict

• During the 1800’s, the northern and During the 1800’s, the northern and southern “sections” of the United southern “sections” of the United States began to grow apart socially States began to grow apart socially and economicallyand economically

• North: IndustryNorth: Industry

• South: Cash Crops: Cotton/TobaccoSouth: Cash Crops: Cotton/Tobacco

The Missouri Compromise: The Missouri Compromise: 18201820• 60,000 People needed in area/territory 60,000 People needed in area/territory

before it can apply for statehoodbefore it can apply for statehood

• 1820: 11 Slave and 11 Free States1820: 11 Slave and 11 Free States

• Missouri applied for statehoodMissouri applied for statehood– Balance of power would be offset one way Balance of power would be offset one way

or the other. Will Missouri be slave or free?or the other. Will Missouri be slave or free?– Who cares? Why would this be important Who cares? Why would this be important

for political power? Discussionfor political power? Discussion

Missouri Compromise: 1820Missouri Compromise: 1820

• *Maine also applied for statehood at the same *Maine also applied for statehood at the same time: PROBLEM SOLVED… for nowtime: PROBLEM SOLVED… for now

• See map of U.S. Maine vs. MissouriSee map of U.S. Maine vs. Missouri• CompromiseCompromise: Giving a little of something in order : Giving a little of something in order

to get a little bit of something you wantto get a little bit of something you want• Missouri Compromise: Maine is admitted as a free Missouri Compromise: Maine is admitted as a free

state while Missouri enters the UNION as a slave state while Missouri enters the UNION as a slave statestate: State Count = 12-12: State Count = 12-12

• Future?Future? 36-30 Line Established: Anything North 36-30 Line Established: Anything North would be Free and Everything South would be would be Free and Everything South would be slaveslave

Missouri Compromise Map: Missouri Compromise Map: 18201820

California Gold Rush: 1849California Gold Rush: 1849

• 1848: Gold is found in the mountains of 1848: Gold is found in the mountains of CaliforniaCalifornia

• 1849: People 1849: People RUSHRUSH out to California in out to California in order to find gold order to find gold (49ers’)(49ers’) Sound Familiar? Sound Familiar?

• California all of sudden had enough people California all of sudden had enough people to become a state. Most people wanted to become a state. Most people wanted California to become a free state!California to become a free state!

• Slave states become angry and threaten Slave states become angry and threaten to leave the Union!!to leave the Union!!

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

• After nine months of heated debate…After nine months of heated debate…• Henry Clay: “The Great Compromiser” suggestsHenry Clay: “The Great Compromiser” suggests……

– 1. California be allowed to enter Union as a free 1. California be allowed to enter Union as a free state: South angry…state: South angry…

– 2. Territories of Utah and New Mexico established 2. Territories of Utah and New Mexico established w/o restrictions on slavery: North angryw/o restrictions on slavery: North angry

– 3. Slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C.3. Slave trade was abolished in Washington D.C.– 4. Strict 4. Strict Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law was passed: Said that was passed: Said that

fugitive slaves HAD to be reported to the authorities. fugitive slaves HAD to be reported to the authorities. So…If you lived in Indiana and knew that a fugitive So…If you lived in Indiana and knew that a fugitive slave was around and did not report it, you were slave was around and did not report it, you were breaking the law! Northerners very angry at this breaking the law! Northerners very angry at this law!!law!!

– 13 Free to 12 Slave States13 Free to 12 Slave States

Uncle Tom’s Cabin: 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin: 1852

• Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe: Abolitionist who : Abolitionist who lived in Cincinnati, Ohio. Was a lived in Cincinnati, Ohio. Was a contemporary of Frederick Douglas.contemporary of Frederick Douglas.

• Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin: Book that exposed : Book that exposed slavery for what it really was and slavery for what it really was and infuriated slave owners in the south.infuriated slave owners in the south.

• Eliza and the Horrors of SlaveryEliza and the Horrors of Slavery• *What does it mean when someone is *What does it mean when someone is

referred to as an Uncle Tom?referred to as an Uncle Tom?

The Mighty Ohio RiverThe Mighty Ohio River

Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act: 1854

• Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas: Senator IL: Senator IL• Wanted to build a transcontinental RR through Wanted to build a transcontinental RR through

Chicago (Economics)Chicago (Economics)• Two new territories created: Kansas and Nebraska: Two new territories created: Kansas and Nebraska:

Both ABOVE the 36-30 Line! Both ABOVE the 36-30 Line! • Kansas-Nebraska Act: Douglas wanted to scrap the Kansas-Nebraska Act: Douglas wanted to scrap the

36-30 line and leave the fate of all future states up 36-30 line and leave the fate of all future states up to POPULAR SOVEREIGNTYto POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: Let the people choose: Let the people choose

• 1854:1854: A group of northern politicians become so A group of northern politicians become so angry that they form a new political party called angry that they form a new political party called the the Republican PartyRepublican Party

Kansas Nebraska Act: 1854Kansas Nebraska Act: 1854

Bleeding Kansas: 1854-1857Bleeding Kansas: 1854-1857

• Two groups “moved” into Kansas in an Two groups “moved” into Kansas in an attempt to sway the vote for a constitution attempt to sway the vote for a constitution that met their needsthat met their needs

• Anti-Slavery: LawrenceAnti-Slavery: Lawrence• Pro-Slavery: LecomptonPro-Slavery: Lecompton• *After some Pro-Slavery supporters *After some Pro-Slavery supporters

attacked and killed some abolitionists. attacked and killed some abolitionists. John BrownJohn Brown and his sons killed at least five and his sons killed at least five Pro-Slavery people.Pro-Slavery people.

• *Open fighting broke out and lasted a few *Open fighting broke out and lasted a few years.years.

Dred Scott Case: 1857Dred Scott Case: 1857

• Background: Dred Scott was a slave who Background: Dred Scott was a slave who was owned by a slave owner in Missouri. His was owned by a slave owner in Missouri. His owner was in the army and spent time in owner was in the army and spent time in Wisconsin and Illinois. When his owner died, Wisconsin and Illinois. When his owner died, the state of Missouri tried to sell Dred Scott the state of Missouri tried to sell Dred Scott as propertyas property

• Case: Dred Scott sued for his freedom and Case: Dred Scott sued for his freedom and lost because he was “property”lost because he was “property”

• -Roger Taney: -Could not sue because he -Roger Taney: -Could not sue because he was not a citizenwas not a citizen

• -Congress could NOT ban slavery in new -Congress could NOT ban slavery in new territoriesterritories

Illinois Senate Race of 1858Illinois Senate Race of 1858

• Illinois Senate seat was up for electionIllinois Senate seat was up for election• Stephen Douglas was Stephen Douglas was incumbent: already held seatincumbent: already held seat• Abraham Lincoln: Republican: Challenged Douglas Abraham Lincoln: Republican: Challenged Douglas

to a series of debates all over the state of Illinoisto a series of debates all over the state of Illinois• Douglas: Believed in Popular SovereigntyDouglas: Believed in Popular Sovereignty• Lincoln: Wanted to stop the SPREAD of slavery to Lincoln: Wanted to stop the SPREAD of slavery to

new territories: “Contain it”new territories: “Contain it”• *LINCOLN LOST THE ELECTION BUT GAINED *LINCOLN LOST THE ELECTION BUT GAINED

POPULARITY WITH MANY NORTHERNERSPOPULARITY WITH MANY NORTHERNERS• *THIS SET THE STAGE FOR HIM TO RUN FOR *THIS SET THE STAGE FOR HIM TO RUN FOR

PRESIDENT IN 1860!PRESIDENT IN 1860!

HARPER’S FERRY: 1859HARPER’S FERRY: 1859

• JOHN BROWNJOHN BROWN: Wanted to start a slave revolt : Wanted to start a slave revolt in the state of Virginiain the state of Virginia

• -Attacked a U.S. Army Arsenal at Harper’s -Attacked a U.S. Army Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VirginiaFerry, Virginia

• -No slaves joined the revolt-No slaves joined the revolt• -Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee-Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee• -Brown was hanged for “treason”-Brown was hanged for “treason”• *Many in North saw Brown as a Martyr: Hero*Many in North saw Brown as a Martyr: Hero• *Many in the South saw Brown as an *Many in the South saw Brown as an

extremistextremist

Election of 1860Election of 1860

• By 1860, the United States was very By 1860, the United States was very separated by Regional, Political, and separated by Regional, Political, and Economic differences.Economic differences.

• Election: Election: Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln (IL): Republican (IL): Republican• --Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas (IL): Northern Democrat (IL): Northern Democrat• --John C. BreckinridgeJohn C. Breckinridge (KY): Southern (KY): Southern

DemocratDemocrat• --John BellJohn Bell (TN): Constitutional Union Party (TN): Constitutional Union Party

Election of 1860Election of 1860

• Lincoln gained most of his support in the Lincoln gained most of his support in the North while Breckinridge got his from the North while Breckinridge got his from the SouthSouth

• *Many in the southern states hated Lincoln *Many in the southern states hated Lincoln and vowed to leave the Union if he was and vowed to leave the Union if he was elected: They thought that he would end elected: They thought that he would end slavery for good (THAT WAS THEIR DECISION slavery for good (THAT WAS THEIR DECISION TO MAKE, NOT HIS!)TO MAKE, NOT HIS!)

• -Abraham Lincoln won the election by a count -Abraham Lincoln won the election by a count of 180 Electoral Votes to 72 (Breckinridge)of 180 Electoral Votes to 72 (Breckinridge)

Secession!!!Secession!!!• South Carolina left the Union on South Carolina left the Union on December 20December 20thth, ,

18601860: Claimed they did it for “State’s Rights”: Claimed they did it for “State’s Rights”

• February 1February 1stst, 1861, 1861: Mississippi, Florida, : Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined South Carolina: *Did it to defend “American South Carolina: *Did it to defend “American Rights” like the colonist during the revolution of Rights” like the colonist during the revolution of 17761776

• *John J. Crittenden*John J. Crittenden (KY): wanted to reach a last (KY): wanted to reach a last minute “Compromise” minute “Compromise” Reestablish 36 30Reestablish 36 30

• Crittenden’s CompromiseCrittenden’s Compromise did not work did not work

Confederate States of America Confederate States of America are Born! (CSA)are Born! (CSA)

• February 8February 8thth, 1861, 1861: Montgomery, : Montgomery, AlabamaAlabama

• -REBEL states get together and form -REBEL states get together and form the the Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America

• -Declared each state independent-Declared each state independent

• -*Jefferson Davis: Became the first -*Jefferson Davis: Became the first President of the CSAPresident of the CSA

Ft. Sumter, S.CFt. Sumter, S.C..• Ft. Sumter: a Union fort in “Confederate” Ft. Sumter: a Union fort in “Confederate”

territory (South Carolina)territory (South Carolina)• --Major Robert AndersonMajor Robert Anderson: Commander: : Commander:

Asked Lincoln for suppliesAsked Lincoln for supplies• *If Lincoln refuses to send supplies and *If Lincoln refuses to send supplies and

abandons the fort, then he abandons the fort, then he acknowledges the CSA’s right to exist. If acknowledges the CSA’s right to exist. If he sends supplies, then he risks war! he sends supplies, then he risks war! Lincoln sends suppliesLincoln sends supplies

• April 12April 12thth, 1861: Confederate forces , 1861: Confederate forces attack Ft. Sumterattack Ft. Sumter

• *The *The American Civil WarAmerican Civil War had begun! had begun!

““Upper South” SecedesUpper South” Secedes

• After Ft. Sumter, Virginia, Arkansas, After Ft. Sumter, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee left North Carolina, and Tennessee left the Unionthe Union

• *CSA Capital moved to *CSA Capital moved to Richmond, Richmond, Virginia (100 Miles Away from Virginia (100 Miles Away from Washington D.C.)Washington D.C.)

Habeas Corpus and the Border Habeas Corpus and the Border StatesStates• Lincoln was worried the rest of the slave Lincoln was worried the rest of the slave

states would also leave the Unionstates would also leave the Union• He suspended writs of He suspended writs of Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus: : right right

to be charged with a crime within 24 hours of to be charged with a crime within 24 hours of being arrested: and declared Marshall Law being arrested: and declared Marshall Law (Curfew) in order to prevent this(Curfew) in order to prevent this

• Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware, West VirginiaKentucky, Missouri, Delaware, West Virginia (Broke Away from Virginia), and (Broke Away from Virginia), and MarylandMaryland (If (If Maryland left, then D.C. was already Maryland left, then D.C. was already surrounded by the enemy) surrounded by the enemy) were the five were the five slave states that DID NOT leave the Union: slave states that DID NOT leave the Union: AKA Border StatesAKA Border States

Which States Left the Which States Left the Union? 11Union? 11• CSA: CSA: • 1. S.C.1. S.C.• 2. N.C.2. N.C.• 3. Virginia3. Virginia• 4. Tennessee4. Tennessee• 5. Mississippi5. Mississippi• 6. Georgia6. Georgia• 7. Florida7. Florida• 8. Louisiana8. Louisiana• 9. Texas9. Texas• 10. Alabama10. Alabama• 11. Arkansas11. Arkansas

Who stayed loyal? 24 TotalWho stayed loyal? 24 Total

• Border States: Border States: • 1. Kentucky1. Kentucky• 2. Delaware2. Delaware• 3. Missouri3. Missouri• 4. W. Virginia4. W. Virginia• 5. Maryland5. Maryland

• Non-Slave Union Non-Slave Union • 1. Indiana1. Indiana• 2. Illinois2. Illinois• 3. Iowa3. Iowa• 4. Wisconsin4. Wisconsin• 5. Minnesota5. Minnesota• 6. Kansas6. Kansas• 7. Oregon7. Oregon• 8. California8. California• 9. Michigan9. Michigan• 10. Pennsylvania10. Pennsylvania• 11. New York11. New York• 12. New Jersey12. New Jersey• 13. Connecticut13. Connecticut• 14. Rhode Island14. Rhode Island• 15. Massachusetts15. Massachusetts• 16. Ohio16. Ohio• 17. Vermont17. Vermont• 18. New Hampshire18. New Hampshire• 19. Maine19. Maine

Map of U.S. During Civil WarMap of U.S. During Civil War