united states presidential election, 2016 - racaraca.care/election/politics/wikipedia 2016...

November 8, 2016

538 members of the Electoral College

270 electoral votes needed to win

Turnout 53.9%[1] 1.0 pp

Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton

Party Republican Democratic

Home state New York New York

Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine

Projected

electoral vote

306[2] 232[2]

States carried 30 + ME-02 20 + DC

Popular vote 62,214,222[2] 64,223,958[3]

Percentage 46.46% 47.91%

Presidential election results map.

Red denotes states projected for Trump/Pence;

Blue denotes those projected for Clinton/Kaine;

Numbers indicate electoral votes allotted to the winner of each

state. The electoral college will vote on December 19, 2016.

President before election

Barack ObamaDemocratic

President-elect

Donald TrumpRepublican

United States presidential election, 2016

United States presidential election, 2016From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th and most recent quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.The Republican Party nominee, businessman Donald Trump from New York, and his running mate, Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, are projected to defeat theDemocratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State and former Senator Hillary Clinton from New York, and her running mate, Senator Tim Kaine fromVirginia, once the Electoral College votes are cast.

Voters selected presidential electors, who in turn will vote, based on the results of their jurisdiction, for a new president and vice president through the ElectoralCollege on December 19, 2016.[4] Trump is expected to take office as the 45th President on January 20, 2017; Pence is expected to take office as the 48th VicePresident. The 2016 election was the fifth time in American history that the President-elect lost the popular vote (after 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000).[a]

The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses took place between February and June 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbiaand U.S. territories. This nominating process was also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominatingconvention, who in turn elected their party's presidential nominee. Businessman and reality television personality Donald Trump became the Republican Party'spresidential nominee on July 19, 2016, after defeating Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, and 15 other major candidates in the Republican primary elections.[8] FormerSecretary of State and Senator for New York Hillary Clinton became the Democratic Party's presidential nominee on July 26, 2016, after defeating SenatorBernie Sanders of Vermont.[9]

A total of 29 third party and independent presidential candidates appeared on the ballot in at least one state. Former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnsonand physician Jill Stein repeated their 2012 roles as the nominees for the Libertarian Party and the Green Party, respectively.[10] With ballot access to the entireelectoral college, Johnson acquired 4.4 million votes, the highest nationwide vote share for a third party candidate since Ross Perot in 1996.[11] Stein received1.3 million votes, the most for a Green nominee since Ralph Nader in 2000. Independent Evan McMullin obtained 21% of the total votes in his home state ofUtah.

By early morning November 9, 2016, initial vote counts indicated that Donald Trump was projected to obtain over 270 electoral votes, a majority of the 538electors in the electoral college required to make him the president-elect of the United States.[12][13] The victory, considered unlikely by most pre-electionforecasts,[14][15] was characterized by various news organizations as an "upset" and the most "shocking" U.S. presidential election result since Harry S. Truman'supset victory in 1948.[16][17]

Aside from Florida, the states which secured Trump's victory are situated in the Great Lakes/Rust Belt region. Wisconsin went Republican for the first timesince 1984, while Pennsylvania and Michigan went Republican for the first time since 1988.[18][19][20] Maine split its electoral votes for the first time since1828.[21] Despite winning the popular vote by more than 1.7 million votes,[22] Hillary Clinton is poised to lose the Electoral College by 74 votes, with 30 statesand Maine's 2nd congressional district going to Trump, and 20 states and the District of Columbia going to Clinton.

Both Clinton and Trump were seen unfavorably by the general public and caused major divides within their respective parties, due to the number ofcontroversies surrounding them.[23]

Contents

1 Background1.1 2008 presidential election1.2 2010 midterm elections1.3 2012 presidential election1.4 2014 midterm elections

2 Republican Party2.1 Primaries2.2 Nominees2.3 Other major candidates2.4 Vice presidential selection

3 Democratic Party3.1 Primaries3.2 Nominees3.3 Other major candidates3.4 Vice presidential selection

4 Third parties and independents4.1 Libertarian Party4.2 Green Party4.3 Independents4.4 Constitution Party4.5 Other nominations4.6 Candidates gallery

5 Campaigns5.1 Ballot access5.2 Party conventions5.3 Campaign finance5.4 Newspaper endorsements5.5 Forecasting

6 Debates6.1 Primary election debates6.2 General election debates

7 Results7.1 Results by state7.2 Swing states7.3 Close races

8 Reactions8.1 Electoral College petitions8.2 Electronic vote tampering concerns

9 Maps10 Voter demographics11 See also12 References13 External links

Background

Article Two of the United States Constitution provides that the President and Vice President of the United States must be natural-born citizens of the United States, at least 35 years old, and residents of the United States for aperiod of at least 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose thecandidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. Traditionally, the primary elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party'sdelegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electorsin turn directly elect the President and Vice President.

Barack Obama, the incumbentpresident, whose term expires

on January 20, 2017

A general election ballot, listing the

presidential and vice presidentialcandidates

President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. Senator from Illinois, was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to restrictions of the Twenty-second Amendment; inaccordance with Section I of the Twentieth Amendment, his term expires at 12 noon on January 20, 2017.

2008 presidential election

In the 2008 election, Obama was elected president, defeating the Republican nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona, with 53% of the popular vote and 68% of the electoral vote,[24][25]

succeeding two-term Republican President George W. Bush, the former Governor of Texas. Since the end of 2009, Obama's first year in office, polling companies such as Gallup have foundObama's approval ratings to be between 40–50%.[26][27]

2010 midterm elections

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Democratic Party suffered significant losses in Congress; the Republicans gained 63 seats in the House of Representatives – taking back control of thechamber in the process – and six seats in the Senate, though short of achieving a majority. As a result of the Republicans' recapture of the House after losing it to the Democrats in the 2006midterm elections, John Boehner became the 53rd Speaker of the House of Representatives, making Obama the first President in 16 years to lose the House of Representatives in the first halfof his first term, in an election that was characterized by the economy's slow recovery, and the rise of the Tea Party movement.[28]

2012 presidential election

In the 2012 presidential election, Obama defeated former Governor of MassachusettsMitt Romney with 51% of the popular vote and 62% of the electoral vote.[29] Meanwhile, despiteminor losses, Republicans retained their majority of seats in the House of Representatives while Democrats increased their majority in the Senate.[25]

Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with New York magazine declaring the race had begun in an article published onNovember 8, two days after the 2012 election.[30] On the same day, Politico released an article predicting the 2016 general election would be between Clinton and former Governor ofFlorida Jeb Bush, while a New York Times article named Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie and New Jersey Senator Cory Booker as potential candidates.[31][32]

2014 midterm elections

In the 2014 midterm elections, voter turnout was the lowest since 1942: 36% of eligible voters voted.[33] The Republicans retained control of the House of Representatives, increasingtheir majority to its largest since March 4, 1929,[34] and gained a majority in the Senate.[35]

Republican Party

Primaries

Seventeen major candidates entered the race starting March 23, 2015, when Senator Ted Cruz from Texas was the first to announce his candidacy: former Governor Jeb Bush of Florida, retired neurosurgeon Ben Carsonfrom Maryland, Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, businesswoman Carly Fiorina from California, former Governor Jim Gilmore of Virginia, Senator Lindsey Graham from South Carolina, former Governor MikeHuckabee of Arkansas, former Governor Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, Governor John Kasich of Ohio, former Governor George Pataki of New York, Senator Rand Paul from Kentucky, former Governor Rick Perry of Texas,Senator Marco Rubio from Florida, former Senator Rick Santorum from Pennsylvania, businessman Donald Trump from New York and Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin. This was the largest presidential primary field forany political party in American history.[36]

Prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1, 2016, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee,Paul and Santorum withdrew due to poor performances at the ballot box. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush followed suit afterscoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio and Cruz in South Carolina. On March 1, 2016, the first of four "Super Tuesday" primaries, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma and his home of Texasand Trump won the other seven states that voted. Failing to gain traction, Carson suspended his campaign a few days later.[37] On March 15, 2016, the second "Super Tuesday", Kasich won his only contest in his home stateof Ohio and Trump won five primaries including Florida. Rubio suspended his campaign after losing his home state,[38] but retained a large share of his delegates for the national convention, which he released to Trump.[38]

Between March 16 and May 3, 2016, only three candidates remained in the race: Trump, Cruz and Kasich. Cruz won most delegates in four Western contests and in Wisconsin, keeping a credible path to denying Trump thenomination on first ballot with 1,237 delegates. Trump then augmented his lead by scoring landslide victories in New York and five Northeastern states in April and he grabbed all 57 delegates in the Indiana primary of May3, 2016. Without any further chances of forcing a contested convention, both Cruz[39] and Kasich[40] suspended their campaigns. Trump remained the only active candidate and was declared the presumptive Republicannominee by Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus on the evening of May 3, 2016.[41]

Nominees

Republican Party ticket, 2016

Donald Trump Mike Pencefor President for Vice President

Chairman ofThe Trump Organization

(1971–present)

50thGovernor of Indiana

(2013–present)

Campaign

[42][43][44]

Other major candidates

Major candidates were determined by the various media based on common consensus. The following were invited to sanctioned televised debates based on their poll ratings.

Trump received 14,010,177 total votes in the primary. Trump, Cruz, Rubio and Kasich each won at least one primary, with Trump receiving the highest number of votes and Ted Cruz receiving the second highest.

Candidates in this section are sorted by reverse date of withdrawal from the primaries

JohnKasich

Ted CruzMarcoRubio

Ben Carson Jeb BushJim

GilmoreCarly

FiorinaChris

Christie

69thGovernor of

Ohio(2011–present)

U.S. Senatorfrom Texas

(2013–present)

U.S. Senatorfrom Florida(2011–present)

Dir. ofPediatric

Neurosurgery,Johns Hopkins

Hospital(1984–2013)

43rdGovernor of

Florida(1999–2007)

68thGovernor of

Virginia(1998–2002)

CEO ofHewlett-Packard

(1999–2005)

55thGovernor ofNew Jersey(2010–present)

Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign

W: May 44,287,479 votes

W: May 37,811,110 votes

W: Mar 153,514,124 votes

W: Mar 4857,009 votes

W: Feb 20286,634 votes




[45] [46][47][48] [49][50][51] [52][53][54] [55][56] [57][58] [59][60] [61][62]

Rand PaulRick

SantorumMike

HuckabeeGeorgePataki

LindseyGraham

BobbyJindal

ScottWalker

Rick Perry

U.S. Senatorfrom

Kentucky(2011–present)

U.S. Senatorfrom

Pennsylvania(1995–2007)

44thGovernor ofArkansas

(1996–2007)

53rdGovernor ofNew York(1995–2006)

U.S. Senatorfrom SouthCarolina

(2003–present)

55thGovernor ofLouisiana(2008–2016)

45thGovernor ofWisconsin

(2011–present)

47thGovernor of

Texas(2000–2015)

Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign




W: December29, 20152,036 votes

W: December21, 20155,666 votes

W: November17, 2015222 votes

W: September21, 2015

1 write-in vote in

New Hampshire

W: September11, 2015

1 write-in vote in

New Hampshire

[63][64][65] [66][67] [68][69] [70] [71][72] [73][74] [75][76][77] [77][78][79]

Vice presidential selection

Donald Trump turned his attention towards selecting a running mate after he became the presumptive nominee on May 4, 2016.[80] In mid-June, Eli Stokols and Burgess Everett of Politico reported that the Trump campaignwas considering New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich from Georgia, Senator Jeff Sessions of Alabama, and Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin.[81] A June 30 Washington Post reportalso included Senators Bob Corker from Tennessee, Richard Burr from North Carolina, Tom Cotton from Arkansas, Joni Ernst from Iowa, and Indiana Governor Mike Pence as individuals still being considered for theticket.[82] Trump also stated that he was considering two military generals for the position, including retired Lieutenant General Michael Flynn.[83]

In July 2016, it was reported that Trump had narrowed his list of possible running mates down to three: Christie, Gingrich, and Pence.[84]

On July 14, 2016, several major media outlets reported that Trump had selected Pence as his running mate. Trump confirmed these reports in a message on Twitter on July 15, 2016, and formally made the announcement thefollowing day in New York.[85][86] On July 19, the second night of the 2016 Republican National Convention, Pence won the Republican vice presidential nomination by acclamation.[87]

Democratic Party

Primaries

Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the First Lady of the United States, became the first Democrat to formally launch a major candidacy for the presidency. Clinton made theannouncement on April 12, 2015, via a video message.[88] While nationwide opinion polls in 2015 indicated that Clinton was the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, she faced challenges fromIndependent Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont,[89] who became the second major candidate when he formally announced on April 30, 2015, that he was running for the Democratic nomination.[90] September 2015 pollingnumbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders.[89][91][92] On May 30, 2015, former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley was the third major candidate to enter the Democratic primary race,[93] followedby former Independent Governor and Republican Senator of Rhode Island Lincoln Chafee on June 3, 2015,[94][95] former Virginia Senator Jim Webb on July 2, 2015,[96] and former Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig onSeptember 6, 2015.[97]

On October 20, 2015, Webb announced his withdrawal from the Democratic primaries, and explored a potential Independent run.[98] The next day Vice-President Joe Biden decided not to run, ending months of speculation,stating, "While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent."[99][100] On October 23, Chafee withdrew, stating that he hoped for "an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States andhumanity".[101] On November 2, after failing to qualify for the second DNC-sanctioned debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in the debate, Lessig withdrewas well, narrowing the field to Clinton, O'Malley, and Sanders.[102]

On February 1, 2016, in an extremely close contest, Clinton won the Iowa caucuses by a margin of 0.2 points over Sanders. After winning no delegates in Iowa, O'Malley withdrew from the presidential race that day. OnFebruary 9, Sanders bounced back to win the New Hampshire primary with 60% of the vote. In the remaining two February contests, Clinton won the Nevada caucuses with 53% of the vote and scored a decisive victory inthe South Carolina primary with 73% of the vote.[103][104] On March 1, 11 states participated in the first of four "Super Tuesday" primaries. Clinton won Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, andVirginia and 504 pledged delegates, while Sanders won Colorado, Minnesota, Oklahoma and his home state of Vermont and 340 delegates. The following weekend, Sanders won victories in Kansas, Nebraska and Maine with15–30-point margins, while Clinton won the Louisiana primary with 71% of the vote. On March 8, despite never having a lead in the Michigan primary, Sanders won by a small margin of 1.5 points and outperforming polls byover 19 points, while Clinton won 83% of the vote in Mississippi.[105] On March 15, the second "Super Tuesday", Clinton won in Florida, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina and Ohio. Between March 22 and April 9, 2016,Sanders won six caucuses in Idaho, Utah, Alaska, Hawaii, Washington and Wyoming, as well as the Wisconsin primary, while Clinton won the Arizona primary. On April 19, Clinton won the New York primary with 58% ofthe vote. On April 26, in the third "Super Tuesday" dubbed the "Acela primary", she won contests in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania, while Sanders won in Rhode Island. Over the course of May, Sandersaccomplished another surprise win in the Indiana primary[106] and also won in West Virginia and Oregon, while Clinton won the Guam caucus and Kentucky primary.

On June 4 and 5, Clinton won two victories in the Virgin Islands caucus and Puerto Rico primary. On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press and NBC News reported that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee afterreaching the required number of delegates, including pledged delegates and superdelegates, to secure the nomination, becoming the first woman to ever clinch the presidential nomination of a major United States politicalparty.[107] On June 7, Clinton secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning primaries in California, New Jersey, New Mexico and South Dakota, while Sanders only won in Montana and North Dakota. Clinton alsowon the final primary in the District of Columbia on June 14. At the conclusion of the primary process, Clinton had won 2,204 pledged delegates (54% of the total) awarded by the primary elections and caucuses, whileSanders had won 1,847 (46%). Out of the 714 unpledged delegates or "superdelegates" who were set to vote in the convention in July, Clinton received endorsements from 560 (78%), while Sanders received 47 (7%).[108]

Although Sanders had not formally dropped out of the race, he announced on June 16, 2016, that his main goal in the coming months would be to work with Clinton to defeat Trump in the general election.[109] On July 8,appointees from the Clinton campaign, the Sanders campaign, and the Democratic National Committee negotiated a draft of the party's platform.[110] On July 12, Sanders formally endorsed Clinton at a rally in NewHampshire in which he appeared with Clinton.[111] On July 22, three days before the start of the Democratic National Convention, the Clinton campaign announced that Virginia Senator Tim Kaine had been selected as herrunning mate.

Nominees

Democratic Party ticket, 2016

Hillary Clinton Tim Kainefor President for Vice President

67thU.S. Secretary of State

(2009–2013)

U.S. Senatorfrom Virginia(2013–present)

Campaign

[112][113][114]

Other major candidates

The following candidates were frequently interviewed by major broadcast networks and cable news channels, or were listed in publicly published national polls. Lessig was invited to one forum, but withdrew when rules werechanged which prevented him from participating in officially sanctioned debates.

Clinton received 16,849,779 votes in the primary.

Candidates in this section are sorted by date of withdrawal from the primaries

BernieSanders

Rocky De LaFuente

MartinO'Malley

LawrenceLessig

LincolnChafee

Jim Webb

U.S. Senator fromVermont(2007–

present)

Entrepreneur(1984 to present)

61stGovernor ofMaryland(2007–2015)

Harvard LawProfessor(2009–2016)

74thGovernor ofRhode Island

(2011–2015)

U.S. Senatorfrom Virginia

(2007–2013)

Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign Campaign

LN: July 26, 201613,167,848 primary

votes and 1,846

delegates

LN: July 26, 201667,457 primary votes

and 0 delegates

W: February 1,2016

110,423 votes

W: November 2,2015

4 write-in votes in

New Hampshire

W: October 23,20150 votes

W: October 20,2015

2 write-in votes in

New Hampshire

[115] [116] [117][118] [102] [119] [120]

Vice presidential selection

In April 2016, the Clinton campaign began to compile a list of 15 to 20 individuals to vet for the position of running mate, even though Sanders continued to challenge Clinton in the Democratic primaries.[121] In mid-June,The Wall Street Journal reported that Clinton's shortlist included Representative Xavier Becerra from California, Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey, Senator Sherrod Brown from Ohio, Housing and Urban DevelopmentSecretary Julián Castro from Texas, Mayor of Los Angeles Eric Garcetti from California, Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia, Labor Secretary Tom Perez from Maryland, Representative Tim Ryan from Ohio, and SenatorElizabeth Warren from Massachusetts.[122] Subsequent reports stated that Clinton was also considering Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack, retired Admiral James Stavridis, and Governor John Hickenlooper ofColorado.[123] In discussing her potential vice presidential choice, Clinton stated that the most important attribute she looked for was the ability and experience to immediately step into the role of president.[123]

On July 22, Clinton announced that she had chosen Senator Tim Kaine from Virginia as her running mate.[124] The delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, which took place July 25–28, formally nominatedthe Democratic ticket.

Third parties and independents

Third party and independent candidates that have obtained more than 100,000 votes nationally and one percent of the vote in at least one state, are listed separately.

Libertarian Party

Gary Johnson, 29th Governor of New Mexico. Vice-presidential nominee: Bill Weld , 68th Governor of Massachusetts

Additional Party Endorsements: Independence Party of New York

Ballot access to all 538 electoral votes

Nominees

Gary Johnson, Libertarian Party

Libertarian Party ticket, 2016

Gary Johnson William Weldfor President for Vice President

29thGovernor of New Mexico

(1995–2003)

68thGovernor of Massachusetts

(1991–1997)

Campaign

[125][126]

Green Party

Jill Stein, Physician from Lexington, Massachusetts. Vice-presidential nominee: Ajamu Baraka, Activist from Washington, D.C.

Ballot access to 480 electoral votes (522 with write-in):[127] - map

As write-in: Georgia, Indiana, North Carolina[128][129]

Ballot access lawsuit pending: Oklahoma[130]

No ballot access: Nevada, South Dakota[128][131]

Nominees

Green Party ticket, 2016

Jill Stein Ajamu Barakafor President for Vice President

Physicianfrom Lexington, Massachusetts

Activistfrom Washington, D.C.

Campaign

[132][133]

Independents

Evan McMullin , Chief policy director for the House Republican Conference. Vice-presidential nominee: Mindy Finn , President of Empowered Women

Additional Party Endorsement: Independence Party of Minnesota

Ballot access to 84 electoral votes (451 with write-in):[134] - map

As write-in: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania,

Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin[134][135][136][137][138][139][140]

No ballot access: District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming

In some states, Evan McMullin's running mate was listed as Nathan Johnson on the ballot rather than Mindy Finn, although Nathan Johnson was intended to only be a placeholder until an actual running mate was chosen.[141]

Jill Stein, Green Party

Evan McMullin, Independents

Independent ticket, 2016

Evan McMullin Mindy Finnfor President for Vice President

Chief policy director for theHouse Republican Conference

(2015–2016)

President ofEmpowered Women

(2015–present)

Campaign

[142]

Constitution Party

Darrell Castle, Attorney from Memphis, Tennessee. Vice-presidential nominee: Scott Bradley, Businessman from Utah

Ballot access to 207 electoral votes (451 with write-in):[143][144] - map

As write-in: Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia[143][145][146][147][148]

No ballot access: California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Oklahoma[143]

Nominees

Constitution Party ticket, 2016

Darrell Castle Scott Bradleyfor President for Vice President

Attorneyfrom Memphis, Tennessee

Businessmanfrom Utah

Campaign

[149]

Other nominations

Darrell Castle, Constitution Party

Other nominations

Party Presidential nominee Vice presidential nomineeAttainableElectors(write-in)

PopularVote

States with ballot access(write-in)

American Delta PartyReform Party

Rocky De La FuenteBusinessman from California

Michael SteinbergLawyer from Florida

147(305)map

32,408(0.02%)

Alaska, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky,

Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New

Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota,

Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin,

Wyoming[144][150][151][152][153][154][155]

(Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana,

Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, New York,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, West

Virginia)[135][136][137][139][145][147][156][157][158][159]

[160][161][148][162][163]

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Peace and Freedom[164]

Liberty Union Party[165]

Gloria La RivaNewspaper printer and activist from California

Eugene PuryearActivist from Washington, D.C.

112(226)map

50,672(0.04%)

California, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, New

Mexico, Vermont, Washington[166][167]

(Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland,

Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon,

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia)[136][137]

[139][147][156][157][161][163][168]

Socialist Workers PartyAlyson Kennedy

Mineworker and Labor Leader from IllinoisOsborne Hart

of Pennsylvania

70(123)map

11,667(0.01%)

Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Tennessee,

Utah, Washington[166]

(Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, Oregon,

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[156][161]

Workers World PartyMonica Moorehead

perennial candidate and political activist from Alabama[169]Lamont Lilly

of North Carolina[170]

30(235)map

4,003(0.00%)

New Jersey, Utah, Wisconsin[166]

(Alabama, Indiana, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas,

Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire,

New, York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

Texas, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia)[137][139]

[156][158][162][163][171][172][173][174][175][176]

Socialist Party USA

Natural Law Party[177]

Mimi Soltysikformer National Co-Chair of the Socialist Party USA from

California[178]

Campaign

Angela Nicole Walkerof Wisconsin

25(209)map

2,579(0.00%)

Colorado, Michigan, Guam[166][167][179]

(Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota,

Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah,

Vermont, Wisconsin)[139][147][156][158][161][162][168][174]

[176][180][181]

Prohibition PartyJames Hedges

former Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County,Pennsylvania[182][183]

Bill Bayesof Mississippi[182]

21(116)map

5,550(0.00%)

Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi[166]

(Alabama, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Montana,

New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania,

Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)[137][147][156][161]

[163][171][174]

IndependentMike Smith

Lawyer, ColoradoDaniel White

20(222)

9,049(0.01%)

Colorado, Tennessee[166]

(Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware,

Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland,

Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey,

Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah,

Vermont, Virginia, Washington. West Virginia)[136][137]

[145][147][148][156][157][161][162][163][168][171][174][175]

[180][184][185]

IndependentRichard Duncan

of OhioRicky Johnson

18(173)

23,778(0.02%)

Ohio[186]

(Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana,

Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana,

Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon,

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia)[147][156][157][158][160][161][163][167][168][171]

[174][184][185]

IndependentLaurence Kotlikoff

Economics Professor at Boston University, Massachusetts

Edward E. LeamerEconomics Professor at UCLA,

California

17(428)map

2,371(0.00%)

Colorado, Louisiana[166]

(Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut,

Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,

Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan,

Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania,

Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont,

Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)[135][136]

[138][140][145][147][148][156][158][161][162][163][167][168]

[171][172][173][174][175][176][180][181][184][185][187][188]

[189][190]

America's PartyTom Hoefling

activist from Iowa[191]Steve Schulin

of South Carolina

17(369)map

3,203(0.00%)

Colorado, Louisiana[166][192]


Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,

Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,

Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New

York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington,

West Virginia, Wisconsin)[136][137][138][139][145][146]

[147][148][156][157][158][160][161][162][163][168][171][173]

[174][175][176][180][181][184][185][188][190]


PopularVote


Veterans Party of AmericaChris Keniston

reliability engineer from Texas[193]Deacon Taylorof Nevada[194]

17(196)map

6,826(0.01%)

Colorado, Louisiana[166]

(Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota,

Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia,

Washington, Wisconsin)[139][148][156][160][161][162]

[168][171][175][181][184][185]

Legal Marijuana Now PartyDan Vacek

of MinnesotaMark Elworth Jr.

of Nebraska16

(77)13,530(0.01%)

Iowa, Minnesota[166]

(Alabama, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon,


IndependentLynn Kahn

Doctor of Clinical Psychology from MarylandKathleen Monahan

of Florida12

(160)5,614

(0.00%)

Arkansas, Iowa[153][166]

(Alabama, Delaware, Idaho, Kansas, Maryland,

Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

Vermont, Washington, West Virginia)[137][139][147][156]

[157][160][161][162][163][168][171][174]

American Solidarity PartyMike Maturen

sales professional and magician from MichiganJuan Muñoz

of Texas

9(332)map

2,136(0.00%)

Colorado[195]

(Alabama, Alaska, California, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa,

Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota,

Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin)[135][137][139][140][146][147][148][156][160][161][162][168]

[171][173][175][176][181][184][185]

IndependentJoseph Allen Maldonado

of OklahomaDouglas K. Terranova

9(212)

868(0.00%)

Colorado[195]


Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota,

Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont,

Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)[136][145][147][156]

[157][158][160][161][162][163][168][174][175][181]

[184][185][188]

Independent Ryan Alan Scott Bruce Kendall Barnard9

(108)741

(0.00%)

Colorado[195]

(Alabama, Delaware, Iowa, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

Vermont)[139][156][157][161]

American Party (South Carolina)Peter Skewes

Animal Science Professor at Clemson University, South CarolinaMichael Lacy

9(83)

3,246(0.00%)

South Carolina[196]

(Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[136][156][161]

Approval Voting PartyFrank Atwoodof Colorado

Blake Huberof Colorado

9(76)

334(0.00%)

Colorado[195]

(Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon,


Independent American PartyKyle Kenley Kopitke

of MichiganNarthan R. Sorenson

9(76)

1,073(0.00%)

Colorado[195]



Nutrition PartyRod Silva

restaurateur from New Jersey[197][198] Richard Silva9

(76)727

(0.00%)

Colorado[195]



United States Pacifist PartyBradford Lyttle

peace activist from IllinoisHannah Walsh

9(76)

372(0.00%)

Colorado[195]



Socialist Equality PartyJerry White

peace activist from MichiganNiles Niemuth

journalist from Wisconsin8

(166)369

(0.00%)

Louisiana[199]

(Alabama, California, Delaware, Iowa, Kentucky,

Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West

Virginia)[135][147][156][157][161][163][168][185]

IndependentPrincess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro

of CaliforniaMilton Fambroof California

8(75)

748(0.00%)

Louisiana[199]



Independent American PartyRocky Giordanifrom California

Farley Andersonactivist from Utah

6(79)

2,177(0.00%)

Utah[180]

(Alabama, Iowa, Kansas, New Hampshire, New Jersey,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont)[137][156][161]

Constitution Party of IdahoScott Copeland

of TexasJ.R. Meyers

4(71)

2,368(0.00%)

Idaho[200]

Democratic Party

Republican Party

Libertarian Party

Green Party

Constitution Party


PopularVote




Candidates gallery

Gary Johnson(campaign)

Jill Stein(campaign)

Evan McMullin(campaign)

Darrell Castle(campaign)

Campaigns

Ballot access

Presidential ticket PartyBallot access

Votes[2] PercentageStates Electors % of voters

Trump / Pence Republican 50 + DC 538 100% 62,026,668 46.54%

Clinton / Kaine Democratic 50 + DC 538 100% 63,752,692 47.84%

Johnson / Weld Libertarian 50 + DC 538 100% 4,376,740 3.28%

Stein / Baraka Green 44 + DC 480 89% 1,366,327 1.02%

McMullin / Finn Independent 11 84 15% 545,285 0.41%

Castle / Bradley Constitution 24 207 39% 191,1320.14%

Candidates in bold were on ballots representing 270 electoral votes, without needing write-in states.All other candidates were on the ballots of fewer than 25 states, but had write-in access greater than 270.

Jill Steinballot access

Evan McMullinballot access

Darrell Castleballot access

Party conventions

Democratic Party

July 25–28, 2016: Democratic National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[201]

Republican Party

July 18–21, 2016: Republican National Convention was held in Cleveland, Ohio.[202][203]

Libertarian Party

May 26–30, 2016: Libertarian National Convention was held in Orlando, Florida.[204][205]

Green Party

August 4–7, 2016: Green National Convention was held in Houston, Texas.[206][207]

Constitution Party

April 13–16, 2016: Constitution Party National Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah.[208]

Campaign finance

This is an overview of the money used in the campaign as it is reported to Federal Election Commission (FEC) and released in September 2016. Outsidegroups are independent expenditure only committees—also called PACs and SuperPACs. The sources of the numbers are the FEC and Center for Responsive Politics.[209] Some spending totals are not available, due towithdrawals before the FEC deadline. As of September 2016, ten candidates with ballot access have filed financial reports with the FEC.

Philadelphia

Cleveland

OrlandoHouston

Salt Lake City

Sites of the 2016 general election debates

CandidateCampaign committee (as of September 30) Outside groups (as of October 16)

Total spentMoney raised Money spent Cash on hand Debt Money raised Money spent Cash on hand

Hillary Clinton[210][211] $460,168,401 $400,504,099 $59,664,302 $626,094 $171,240,103 $148,604,471 $22,635,633$534,352,332

Donald Trump[212][213] $224,449,710 $189,673,422 $34,776,287 $0 $214,496,514 $183,418,431 $31,078,083$367,405,384

Gary Johnson[214][215] $10,573,731 $9,463,272 $1,217,539 $1,538,118 $1,378,510 $917,521 $460,988$10,349,663

Rocky De La Fuente[216] $7,351,270 $7,354,663 -$3,392 $7,334,250 $0 $0 $0 $7,354,663

Jill Stein[217][218] $3,218,525 $3,144,843 $73,681 $87,740 $0 $0 $0 $3,144,843

Evan McMullin[219] $501,093 $496,776 $4,316 $0 $0 $0 $0 $496,776

Darrell Castle[220] $52,234 $51,365 $869 $2,500 $0 $0 $0 $51,365

Gloria La Riva[221] $29,243 $24,207 $5,034 $0 $0 $0 $0 $24,207

Monica Moorehead[222] $11,547 $9,127 $2,419 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $9,127

Peter Skewes[223] $7,966 $4,238 $7,454 $8,000 $0 $0 $0 $4,238

Newspaper endorsements

Clinton was endorsed by The New York Times,[224] the Los Angeles Times,[225] the Houston Chronicle,[226] the San Jose Mercury News,[227] the Chicago Sun-Times[228] and the New York Daily News[229] editorial boards.Trump, who has frequently criticized the mainstream media, was not endorsed by a major newspaper,[230][231] with the tabloid National Enquirer[232] and the Las Vegas Review-Journal his highest profile supporters.[233]

Several papers which endorsed Clinton, such as the Houston Chronicle,[226] The Dallas Morning News,[234] The San Diego Union-Tribune[235] The Columbus Dispatch[236] and The Arizona Republic,[237] endorsed their firstDemocratic candidate for many decades. USA Today, which had not endorsed any candidate since it was founded 34 years ago, broke tradition by giving an anti-endorsement against Trump, declaring him "unfit for thepresidency".[238][239] The Atlantic, which has been in circulation since 1857, gave Clinton its third-ever endorsement (after Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson).[240]

Other traditionally Republican papers, including the New Hampshire Union Leader, which had endorsed the Republican nominee in every election for the last 100 years,[241] The Detroit News, which had not endorsed anon-Republican in its 143 years,[242] and the Chicago Tribune,[243] endorsed Gary Johnson. Trump received favorable coverage, but no explicit endorsement, from Breitbart, an alt-right news and opinion website.[244]

Forecasting

There were many ways to try to predict the outcome of the 2016 (or any other) election.[245] Since the advent of scientific polling in 1936, opinion polls have been a nearly universally accepted method to predict the outcomeof elections throughout the world. More recently, prediction markets have been formed, starting in 1988 with Iowa Electronic Markets.

Academic scholars have constructed models of voting behavior to forecast the outcomes of elections. An early successful model which is still being used is The Keys to the White House by Allan Lichtman.[246] PollyVotetakes a simple average of six types of inputs: Prediction markets, index models, expert judgment, citizen forecasts, poll aggregators and econometric models.

For the 2016 election, there were many competing election forecast approaches including Nate Silver's FiveThirtyEight, The Upshot at The New York Times, Daily Kos, Princeton Election Consortium, Cook Political Report,Rothenberg and Gonzales, PollyVote, Sabato and Electoral-Vote.[247]

These models mostly showed a Democratic advantage since the nominees were confirmed. Pollsters were puzzled by the failure of mainstream forecasting models to predict the 2016 election outcome.[248][249] Furtherconfusion was attributed to The New York Times' live presidential election forecast website for misleading graphing after analyst Alp Toker identified the use of pseudorandom jitter to give the impression of live fluctuationsin its outcome predictions.[250][251]

Debates

Primary election debates

General election debates

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a non-profit organization, hosted debates between qualifying presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Accordingto the commission's website, to be eligible to opt to participate in the anticipated debates, "... in addition to being Constitutionally eligible, candidates must appear on asufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical chance of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College, and have a level of support of at least 15 percent ofthe national electorate as determined by five selected national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly-reported results at the time of the determination."[252]

The three locations chosen to host the presidential debates, and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced on September 23, 2015.The site of the first debate was originally designated as Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio; however, due to rising costs and security concerns, the debate wasmoved to Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York.[253]

On August 19, Trump's campaign manager confirmed that he would participate in a series of three debates.[254][255][256][257] Trump had complained that two of thescheduled debates, one on September 26 and the other October 9, will have to compete for viewers with National Football League games, referencing the similarcomplaints made regarding the dates with low expected ratings during the Democratic Party presidential debates.[258] According to a survey by Rasmussen Reports, themajority of American voters believed that the debate moderators at the presidential debates would be helping Hillary Clinton.[259]

The Free & Equal Elections Foundation announced plans to host an open debate among all presidential candidates who had ballot access sufficient to represent a majority of electoral votes.[260] In October 2016 Free &Equal extended the invitation to all candidates with ballot lines representing at least 15% of the electoral vote. The nominees of the Democratic, Republican, Libertarian, Green, Constitution, Reform, and Socialism andLiberation parties, as well as independent candidate Evan McMullin, were invited to participate.[261] The debate was held at the University of Colorado Boulder's Macky Auditorium on October 25, 2016. It was moderatedby Ed Asner and Christina Tobin, with Darrell Castle, Rocky De La Fuente, and Gloria La Riva participating.[262]

PBS hosted a debate moderated by Tavis Smiley between Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson and Green Party candidate Jill Stein.[263]

Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential electionNo. Date Time Host City Moderator(s) Participants

P1 September 26, 2016 9 p.m. EDT Hofstra University Hempstead, New York Lester HoltHillary ClintonDonald Trump

VP October 4, 2016 9 p.m. EDT Longwood University Farmville, Virginia Elaine QuijanoTim Kaine

Mike Pence

P2 October 9, 2016 8 p.m. CDT Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MissouriAnderson CooperMartha Raddatz

Hillary ClintonDonald Trump

P3 October 19, 2016 6 p.m. PDT University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada Chris WallaceHillary ClintonDonald Trump

P4 October 25, 2016 7 p.m. MDT University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, ColoradoEd Asner

Christina Tobin

Darrell CastleRocky De La Fuente

Gloria La Riva

= Sponsored by the CPD; = Sponsored by Free & Equal

Results

The election was held on November 8, 2016. Hillary Clinton cast her vote in the New York City suburb of Chappaqua, while Donald Trump voted in a Manhattan public school.[264] Throughout the day, the election processwent more smoothly than many had expected, with only a few reports of long lines and equipment issues.

Early exit polls favored the Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton.[265] However, as polls closed and the results came in throughout the night, those exit polls and forecasts proved inaccurate as the Republican candidateperformed surprisingly well in all battleground states, especially Florida, Ohio and North Carolina. Even Wisconsin and Michigan, states that were predicted to swing blue, were won by Donald Trump.[266]

On November 9, 2016, at 3:00 AM Eastern Time, Donald Trump secured over 270 electoral votes, the majority of the 538 electors in the Electoral College, enough to make him the president-elect of the United States.[12][13]

HofstraUniversity

Hempstead, NY

LongwoodUniversity

Farmvil le, VA

WashingtonUniversity

St. Louis, MO

University ofNevada

Las Vegas

Universityof Colorado

Boulder

Trump's victory speech, November 9, 2016

Clinton called Trump early on Wednesday morning, conceding defeat.[267] Clinton asked her supporters to accept the result and hoped that Trump would be"a successful president for all Americans".[268] In his victory speech Trump appealed for unity saying "it is time for us to come together as one unitedpeople" and praised Clinton who was owed "a major debt of gratitude for her service to our country".[269]

Six states plus a portion of Maine that Obama won in 2012 switched to Trump. These are (with Electoral College votes in parentheses): Florida (29),Pennsylvania (20), Ohio (18), Michigan (16), Wisconsin (10), Iowa (6), and Maine's second congressional district (1). Trump won exactly 100 moreElectoral College votes than Mitt Romney in 2012. Forty-one states swung more Republican compared to the previous Presidential election, while ninestates and the District of Columbia swung more Democratic.[270]

It is estimated that 134.5 million Americans cast a ballot in 2016. Considering a voting age population (VAP) of 251.1 million people and voting eligiblepopulation (VEP) of 231.5 million people, this a turnout rate of 53.7% VAP and 58.1% VEP.[271] Voting turnout percentage was down compared to 2008(58.2% VAP) and 2012 (54.9% VAP), but more votes were cast in the 2016 election than any prior election due to an increase in the voting population.[271]

Presidential candidate Party Home statePopular vote Electoral

voteRunning mate

Count Pct Vice-presidential candidate Home state Elect. vote

Donald Trump Republican New York 62,070,466[2] 46.54% 306Mike Pence Indiana 306

Hillary Clinton Democratic New York 63,791,215[2] 47.83% 232Tim Kaine Virginia 232

Gary Johnson Libertarian New Mexico 4,381,449[2] 3.29% 0William Weld Massachusetts 0

Jill Stein Green Massachusetts 1,370,252[2] 1.03% 0Ajamu Baraka Illinois 0

Evan McMullin Independent Utah 554,740[2] 0.42% 0Mindy Finn District of Columbia 0

Darrell Castle Constitution Tennessee 190,723[2] 0.14% 0Scott Bradley Utah 0

Other 996,775[2] 0.76% — Other —

Total 133,365,765[2] 100% 538 538

Needed to win 270 270

Popular vote

Clinton 47.83%Trump 46.54%Johnson 3.29%Stein 1.03%McMullin 0.42%Others 0.75%

Electoral vote

Trump 56.88%Clinton 43.12%

Note: Popular vote count is preliminary until all states have certified their results.

According to unofficial totals, Trump has received more votes than any Republican in any presidential election, slightly more than George W. Bush in 2004. Clinton also won more votes than any Democrat except BarackObama in 2008 and 2012. Electoral vote figures are only projected, with the Electoral College voting on December 19, 2016.[272]

Trump's victory, considered unlikely by most forecasts,[273] was characterized as an "upset" and as "shocking" by the media.[274][275][276] This might be due to mainstream media's tendency to favor Clinton according to a pollby Media Research Center and YouGov showing 59% of respondents felt news outlets favored Clinton over Trump while only 3% said media's bias would influence their vote.[277]

Both major-party candidates were unusually old. At 70 years of age, Trump became the oldest person ever to be elected to a first term as president, surpassing Ronald Reagan, who was 69 years of age upon winning the 1980election. Hillary Clinton would have been the second oldest after Ronald Reagan.

Along with Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, Trump was born in 1946; this is the first time a single birth year has produced three presidents. (1946 was a year of unusually numerous births, marking the first year of thepost–World War II baby boom.) Trump will become the fifth president to be born in the state of New York, after Martin Van Buren, Millard Fillmore, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin D. Roosevelt; he will be the secondpresident born in New York City after Theodore Roosevelt.

Trump will also become the fourth president, after James K. Polk in 1844, Woodrow Wilson in 1916 and Richard Nixon in 1968, to win an election despite losing his home state.

Trump became the first person since Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 to be elected president without having been elected to any other previous office, and the only individual to be elected president without any prior politicalor military experience. Among other presidents with limited political experience, William Howard Taft never served in the military and had only been elected to political office once as an Ohio state judge, although he laterheld a number of appointed federal government positions, including in the Cabinet of a president before being elected president himself. Herbert Hoover did not serve in the military and never held elected office, but he ledtwo important federal government agencies during and after World War I and served in the Cabinets of two other presidents. However, Trump is unique in never having served in any state or federal government position:military, appointed or elected.

Results by state

States won by Clinton/Kaine

States won by Trump/Pence

Electoral methods

WTA – Winner-takes-all

CD – Congressional district�

Hillary ClintonDemocratic

Donald TrumpRepublican

Gary JohnsonLibertarian

Jill SteinGreen

Evan McMullinIndependent Others Total

State ordistrict

Electoralmethod # % Electoral

votes # % Electoralvotes # % Electoral

votes # % Electoralvotes # % Electoral

votes # % Electoralvotes % # Status

Alabama WTA 718,084 34.55% – 1,306,925 62.89% 9 44,211 2.09% – 9,341 0.44% – AL

Alaska WTA 93,007 37.72% – 130,415 52.89% 3 15,396 5.92% – 4,699 1.80% – AK

Arizona WTA 1,161,167 45.46% – 1,252,401 49.03% 11 106,327 4.16% – 34,345 1.34% – AZ

Arkansas WTA 378,632 33.65% – 681,765 60.59% 6 29,795 2.64% –9,413 0.84% – 13,187 1.17% – AR

California WTA 7,520,254 61.66% 55 3,985,062 32.67% – 411,049 3.37% – 226,448 1.86% – CA

Colorado WTA 1,331,675 48.15% 9 1,196,662 43.27% – 143,807 5.18% – 38,073 1.38% – 28,765 1.04% – CO

Connecticut WTA 823,360 53.86% 7 637,919 41.73% – 48,691 3.01% – 22,810 1.41% – 1,481 0.10% – CT

Delaware WTA 235,581 53.35% 3 185,103 41.92% – 14,757 3.34% –6,100 1.38% – DE

District ofColumbia

WTA 282,830 90.48% 3 12,723 4.07% – 4,906 1.57% – 4,258 1.36% – 7,858 2.52% – 312,575 DCOfficial[278]

Florida WTA 4,504,975 47.82% – 4,617,886 49.02% 29 207,043 2.20% – 64,399 0.68% – 25,736 0.28% – 9,420,039 FLOfficial[279]

Georgia WTA 1,877,963 45.89% – 2,089,104 51.05% 16 125,306 3.06% – – GA

Hawaii WTA 266,891 61.0% 4 128,847 29.4% – 15,954 3.6% – 12,737 2.9% – 13,235 3.1% – 437,664 HIOfficial[280]

Idaho WTA 190,971 27.46% – 412,525 59.32% 4 28,369 4.10% – 8,524 1.23% – 46,702 6.72% – ID

Illinois WTA 2,982,415 55.41% 20 2,121,573 39.41% – 206,3513.75% – 74,994 1.36% – IL

Indiana WTA 1,024,180 37.87% – 1,544,609 57.12% 11 134,180 4.91% – 1,829 0.07% – IN

Iowa WTA 650,780 41.71% – 798,923 51.21% 6 59,182 3.78% – 11,459 0.73% – 12,331 0.79% – IA

Kansas WTA 414,572 36.13% – 656,470 57.22% 6 53,648 4.70% – 22,717 1.98% – KS

Kentucky WTA 628,834 32.69% – 1,202,942 62.54% 8 53,749 2.79% – 13,913 0.72% – 22,780 1.18% – KY

Louisiana WTA 779,535 38.44% – 1,178,004 58.09% 8 37,978 1.87% – 14,020 0.69% – 8,546 0.42% – LA

Maine (at-large) CD 352,156 47.84% 2 332,418 45.16% – 37,578 5.10% – 13,995 1.90% – ME–a/l

Maine, 1st CD 210,921 53.95% 1 154,173 39.43% – 18,429 4.71% – 7,446 1.90% – ME-1

Maine, 2nd CD 143,952 41.06% – 180,665 51.53% 1 19,335 5.52% – 6,629 1.89% – ME-2

Maryland WTA 1,502,820 59.50% 10 878,615 34.79% – 76,400 2.85% – 33,380 1.27% – MD

Massachusetts WTA 1,967,667 60.81% 11 1,084,400 33.52% – 136,784 4.22% – 46,931 1.45% – MA

Michigan WTA 2,264,807 47.33% – 2,277,914 47.60% 16 172,7623.59% – 51,434 1.07% – MI

Minnesota WTA 1,367,705 46.45% 10 1,322,949 44.93% – 112,972 3.84% – 36,986 1.26% – 53,075 1.80% – MN

Mississippi WTA 462,127 39.74% – 678,284 58.32% 6 14,411 1.19% – 3,595 0.31% – MS

Missouri WTA 1,054,889 37.84% – 1,585,753 56.88% 10 96,404 3.46% – 25,086 0.90% – 1,372 0.05% – MO

Montana WTA 174,281 35.97% – 273,879 56.52% 3 28,036 5.67% – 7,868 1.60% – MT

Nebraska(at-large)

CD 273,185 33.96% – 485,372 60.33% 2 38,264 4.69% – 8,337 1.04% – NE–a/l

Nebraska, 1st CD 98,694 36.11% – 157,571 57.65% 1 13,791 5.05% – 3,271 1.20% – NE-1

Nebraska, 2nd CD 122,253 45.44% – 131,338 48.82% 1 12,379 4.60% – 3,056 1.14% – NE-2

Nebraska, 3rd CD 52,562 19.95% – 197,411 74.94% 1 11,447 4.35% – 2,013 0.76% – NE-3

Nevada WTA 539,260 47.92% 6 512,045 45.50% – 37,382 3.32% – – NV

New Hampshire WTA 348,497 47.62% 4 345,810 47.25% – 30,694 4.12% – 6,395 0.87% – NH

New Jersey WTA 1,967,444 54.77% 14 1,509,688 42.03% – 71,579 1.86% – 37,131 0.98% – NJ

New Mexico WTA 380,923 48.26% 5 316,134 40.05% – 74,538 9.34% – 9,797 1.24% – 5,722 0.72% – NM

New York WTA 4,145,376 57.89% 29 2,638,135 36.84% – 162,2732.28% – 100,110 1.41% – NY

North Carolina WTA 2,169,496 46.14% – 2,345,235 49.88% 15 128,905 2.73% – 1,038 0.02% – NC

North Dakota WTA 93,758 27.23% – 216,794 62.96% 3 21,434 6.22% – 3,780 1.10% – 8,594 2.49% – 344,360 NDOfficial[281]

Ohio WTA 2,320,596 43.51% – 2,776,683 52.06% 18 168,599 3.16% – 44,310 0.82% – OH

Oklahoma WTA 419,788 28.93% – 947,934 65.33% 7 83,481 5.75% – – OK

Oregon WTA 991,580 50.10% 7 774,080 39.11% – 92,859 4.69% – 49,247 2.49% – OR

Pennsylvania WTA 2,843,707 47.74% – 2,901,295 48.70% 20 142,407 2.39% – 48,880 0.82% – PA

Rhode Island WTA 227,062 53.83% 4 166,454 39.46% – 14,700 3.18% – 6,171 1.37% – RI

South Carolina WTA 855,373 40.67% – 1,155,389 54.94% 9 49,204 2.34% – 13,034 0.62% – 21,016 1.00% – 9,011 0.43% – 2,103,027 SC Official[282]

South Dakota WTA 117,442 31.74% – 227,701 61.53% 3 20,845 5.63% – – SD

Tennessee WTA 868,853 34.90% – 1,519,926 61.06% 11 70,286 2.82% – 15,952 0.64% – TN

Texas WTA 3,867,816 43.32% – 4,681,590 52.43% 38 282,655 3.16% – 71,327 0.80% – 20,227 0.23% – TX

Utah WTA 222,858 27.81% – 375,006 46.80% 6 37,896 3.48% – 7,695 0.78% – 207,288 21.05% – UT

Vermont WTA 178,082 61.12% 3 95,114 32.64% – 10,078 3.20% – 6,755 2.31% – VT

Virginia WTA 1,981,473 49.75% 13 1,769,443 44.43% – 118,2742.97% – 27,638 0.69% – 54,054 1.36% – VA

Washington WTA 1,727,840 54.34% 12 1,210,370 38.06% – 159,002 5.00% – 57,571 1.81% – WA

West Virginia WTA 187,519 26.47% – 486,304 68.65% 5 22,958 3.19% – 8,016 1.13% – WV

Wisconsin WTA 1,383,926 46.94% – 1,411,432 47.87% 10 106,470 3.58% – 31,016 1.04% – WI

Wyoming WTA 55,973 21.9% – 174,419 68.2% 3 13,287 5.2% – 2,5151.0% – 9,655 3.7% – 258,788 WYOfficial[283]

U.S. Total – 63,600,447 232 61,934,411 306 4,376,740 – 1,357,013 – 545,048 – US

�Two states (Maine and Nebraska) allow for their electoral votes to be split between candidates. The winner within each congressional district gets one electoral vote for the district. The winner of the statewide vote getstwo additional electoral votes.[284][285] Results are from the Associated Press.[286]

Swing states

Presidential campaigns focus their resources on a relatively small number of competitive states, referred to as swing or battleground states.[287] Some potential swing states are: Florida, Iowa, Nevada, North Carolina, andOhio.[288][289] Florida is the largest swing state and has been won by the overall winner every election since 1996. Ohio is another large swing state and has had a perfect bellwether record since 1964. The states regarded ascompetitive can fluctuate, as the polls fluctuate.

Some consensus among political pundits developed throughout the primary election season regarding swing states.[290] From the results of presidential elections from 2004 through to 2012, generally the Democratic andRepublican parties start with a safe electoral vote count of about 150 to 200.[291][292] The margins required to constitute a swing state are vague, however, and local factors can come into play.[293][294] It was thought thatleft-leaning states in the Rust Belt could become more conservative, as Trump mostly appealed to blue-collar workers.[295] They represent a large portion of the American populace and were a major factor in Trump'seventual nomination. Trump's primary campaign was propelled by victories in Democratic states, and his supporters often did not identify as Republican.

News report about the protests in

Los Angeles on November 12 from

Voice of America

In Maine and Nebraska, two electors are given to whoever has the most votes statewide, and the winner of each congressional district receives one electoral vote.[296] Every other state awards all of its electoral votes to thecandidate with the highest vote percentage.[297] Media reports indicated that both candidates planned to concentrate on Florida, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Ohio and North Carolina.[298][299]

Among the Republican-leaning states, potential Democratic targets included Nebraska's second congressional district, Georgia, and Arizona.[300] Trump's relatively poor polling in some traditionally Republican states, such asUtah, raised the possibility they could vote for Clinton, despite easy wins there by recent Republican nominees.[301] Many analysts asserted that Utah is not a viable Democratic destination.[302][303]

Sites and individuals publish electoral predictions. These generally rate the race by the probability either of the two main parties wins each state. "Tossup" is generally used to indicate that neither party has an advantage,"lean" to indicate a party has a slight edge, "likely" to indicate a party has a clear advantage, and "safe" to indicate a party is heavily favored. Ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, or theRothenberg-Gonzales Political Report are included in the table below. The state's 2014 Cook PVI and the latest swing for each state are also listed.

StateElectoral

votes2012

marginCookPVI

CookNov. 7

2016[304]

RCPNov. 6

2016[305]

Roth.Nov. 7

2016[306]

SabatoNov. 7

2016[307]Lastswing

2016margin

Arizona 11 9.1 R R+7 Lean R Tossup Tilt R Lean R 2000 3.6 R

Colorado 9 5.4 D D+1 Lean D Tossup Likely D Likely D 2008 4.9 D

Florida 29 0.9 D R+2 Tossup Tossup Tilt D Lean D 2008 1.2 R

Georgia 16 7.8 R R+6 Lean R Tossup Lean R Likely R 1996 5.7 R

Iowa 6 5.8 D D+1 Lean R Tossup Tilt R Lean R 2008 9.6 R

Maine (statewide) 2 15.3 D D+6 Likely D Tossup Likely D Likely D 1992 2.7 D

Maine (CD-2) 1 8.6 D D+2 Tossup Tossup No rating Lean R 1992 TBD

Michigan 16 9.5 D D+4 Lean D Tossup Lean D Lean D 1992 0.3 R

Minnesota 10 7.7 D D+2 Likely D Lean D Likely D Likely D 1976 1.5 D

Nebraska (CD-2) 1 7.2 R R+4 Tossup Likely RNo rating[b] Lean R 2012 TBD

New Mexico 5 10.2 D D+4 Likely D Tossup Safe D Likely D 2008 8.3 D

Nevada 6 6.7 D D+2 Lean D Tossup Tilt D Lean D 2008 2.4 D

New Hampshire 4 5.6 D D+1 Lean D Tossup Lean D Lean D 2004 0.2 D

North Carolina 15 2.0 R R+3 Tossup Tossup Tilt D Lean D 2012 3.7 R

Ohio 18 3.0 D R+1 Lean R Tossup Tossup Lean R 2008 8.6 R

Pennsylvania 20 5.4 D D+1 Lean D Tossup Lean D Lean D 1992 1.0 R

Virginia 13 3.9 D EVEN Likely D Tossup Likely D Likely D 2008 5.3 D

Wisconsin 10 6.9 D D+2 Lean D Lean D Tilt D Likely D 1988 1.0 R

In early elections, beginning with the election of George Washington, many electors were chosen by state legislatures instead of public balloting and, in those states which practiced public balloting, votes were cast for undifferentiated listsof candidates, leaving no or only partial vote totals. Some states continued to allocate electors by legislative vote as late as 1860.[5][6][7]

a.

Statewide Nebraska race rated as Likely Rb.

Close races

Red denotes states (or congressional districts that contribute an electoral vote) won by Republican Donald Trump; blue denotes those won by Democrat Hillary Clinton.

States where the margin of victory was under 1% (50 electoral votes; 46 won by Trump, 4 by Clinton):

Michigan, 0.27%1. New Hampshire, 0.37%2. Wisconsin, 0.81%3. Pennsylvania, 0.96%4.

States where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5% (84 electoral votes; 56 won by Trump, 28 by Clinton):

Florida, 1.21%1. Minnesota, 1.52%2. Nevada, 2.42%3. Maine, 2.68%4. Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, 3.38%5. Arizona, 3.57%6. North Carolina, 3.74%7. Colorado, 4.88%8.

States/districts where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10% (96 electoral votes; 78 won by Trump, 18 by Clinton):

Virginia, 5.32%1. Georgia, 5.46%2. New Mexico, 8.21%3. Ohio, 8.55%4. Texas, 9.11%5. Iowa, 9.50%6.

Reactions

Protests were held in many cities across the nation for several days after the election.[308][309][310] Furthermore, suicide crisis hotlines reported a major increase in calls.[311][312] Over 5,000petitions with more than five million total signatures were created on the advocacy website change.org, including a single petition with over 4.5 million signatures.

Electoral College petitions

Intense lobbying (some amounting to harassment) and grass-roots campaigns have been directed at various GOP electors of the United States Electoral College[313] to convince a sufficientnumber of them (37) to not vote for Trump, thus precluding a Trump presidency.[314] Members of the Electoral College started a campaign for other members to "vote their conscience forthe good of America", in accord with Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Paper No. 68.[315][316][317][318]

Electronic vote tampering concerns

A petition to the White House urged the United States Congress to remove electronic voting machines owned by George Soros from 16 states. After the election, computer scientists, including the director of the University ofMichigan Center for Computer Security and Society, reported "a questionable trend of Clinton performing worse in counties that relied on electronic voting machines compared to paper ballots and optical scanners" where"Clinton received 7% fewer votes in counties that relied on electronic voting machines."[319][320]

Maps

Results by state, shaded according towinning candidate's percentage of the vote

Results by Vote Distribution Among States.Each state's pie chart is proportional to thenumber of electoral votes they have.

Results by county. Red denotes counties thatwent to Trump; blue denotes counties thatwent to Clinton.

Results by county, shaded according towinning candidate's percentage of the vote.

Results by congressional district Results by county, shaded according topercentage of the vote for Trump

Results by county, shaded according topercentage of the vote for Clinton

Results by county, shaded according towinning candidate's percentage of the vote(Red-Purple-Blue view)

County swing from 2012 to 2016 County swing from 2012 to 2016, relative tonational swing

Electoral vote cartogram

Voter demographics

Voter demographic data for 2016 were collected by Edison Research for the National Election Pool, a consortium of ABC News, The Associated Press, CBS News, CNN, Fox News and NBC News. The voter survey is basedon questionnaires completed by 24,537 voters leaving 350 voting places throughout the United States on Election Day including 4,398 telephone interviews with early and absentee voters.[321][322][323] Trump nearly doubledhis support from Muslims compared to 2012 Republican nominee Mitt Romney.[324]

2016 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup

Demographic subgroup Clinton Trump Other % oftotal vote

Total vote 47.8 46.6 5.6 100

Ideology

Liberals 84 10 6 26

Moderates 52 41 7 39

Conservatives 15 81 4 35

Party

Democrats 89 9 2 37

Republicans 7 90 3 33

Independents 42 48 10 31

Party by gender

Democratic men 87 10 3 14

Democratic women 90 8 2 23

Republican men 6 90 2 17

Republican women 8 89 2 16

Independent men 37 51 10 17

Independent women 47 43 7 14

Gender

Men 41 53 6 48

Women 54 42 4 52

Gender by marital status

Married men 37 58 5 29

Married women 49 47 4 30

Non-married men 46 45 9 19

Non-married women 62 33 5 23

Race/ethnicity

White 37 58 5 70

Black 88 8 4 12

Asian 65 29 6 4

Other 56 37 7 3

Hispanic (of any race) 65 29 6 11

Gender by race/ethnicity

White men 31 63 5 34

White women 43 53 3 37

Black men 80 13 6 5

Black women 94 4 2 7

Latino men (of any race) 62 33 4 5

Latino women (of any race) 68 26 5 6

All other races 61 32 5 6

Religion

Protestant 37 60 3 27

Catholic 45 52 3 23

Mormon 25 61 14 1

Other Christian 43 55 2 24

Jewish 71 24 5 3

Other religion 58 33 9 7

None 68 26 6 15

Religious service attendance

Weekly or more 40 56 4 33

Monthly 46 49 5 16

A few times a year 48 47 5 29

Never 62 31 7 22

White evangelical or born-again Christian

White evangelical or born-again Christian 16 81 3 26

Everyone else 59 35 6 74

Age

18–24 years old 56 35 9 10

25–29 years old 53 39 8 9

30–39 years old 51 40 9 17

40–49 years old 46 50 4 19

50–64 years old 44 53 3 30

65 and older 45 53 2 15

Sexual orientation

LGBT 78 14 8 5

Heterosexual 47 48 5 95

First time voter

First time voter 56 40 4 10

Everyone else 47 47 6 90

Education

High school or less 45 51 4 18

2016 Presidential vote by demographic subgroup

Demographic subgroup Clinton Trump Other % oftotal vote

Some college education 43 52 5 32

College graduate 49 45 6 32

Postgraduate education 58 37 5 18

Education by race/ethnicity

White college graduates 45 49 4 37

White no college degree 28 67 4 34

Non-white college graduates 71 23 5 13

Non-white no college degree 75 20 3 16

Family income

Under $30,000 53 41 6 17

$30,000–49,999 51 42 7 19

$50,000–99,999 46 50 4 31

$100,000–199,999 47 48 5 24

$200,000–249,999 48 49 3 4

Over $250,000 46 48 6 6

Issue regarded as most important

Foreign policy 60 34 6 13

Immigration 32 64 4 13

Economy 52 42 6 52

Terrorism 39 57 4 18

Community size

Cities (population 50,000 and above) 59 35 6 34

Suburbs 45 50 5 49

Rural areas 34 62 4 17

See also

History of the United States (1991–present)List of United States presidential elections where winner lost popular vote

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External links

Presidential election process (https://www.usa.gov/election) from USA.gov, the official United States Federal Government web portalUnited States presidential election, 2016 (https://www.dmoz.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Society_and_Culture/Politics/Candidates_and_Campaigns/President) at DMOZ2016 Presidential Form 2 Filers (http://fec.gov/press/press2013/presidential_form2nm.shtml) at the Federal Election Commission (FEC)Hillary Clinton's Concession Speech (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NPavp5WrTE) on YouTube

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