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Universe and Theories of Cosmology
Define Universe: • The totality of all space, time, and matter
(everything)
• Cosmology is the study of the origin and general structure of the universe as a whole. It endeavors to use the scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the Universe.
• Most galaxies when viewed from Earth are moving away. Astronomers know this by observing a red shift in their spectrums when annualizing galaxy light.
• One of the 1st to study this effect was
Edwin Hubble
• Hubble graphed his data from galaxies and found out that galaxies father away had a greater red shift of light waves which meant they were traveling faster.
• This data showed the universe is expanding
• If we run the expansion backwards it would lead to a common origin point (Big Bang)
• 1. Big Bang Theory – the universe started with an explosion matter expanded out cooled to form galaxies, stars, planets.
• - most accepted theory
• - Universe continues to expand
• - Astronomers discovered expansion rate is faster than 1st theorized
• this increase rate of expansion perhaps is due to new data on dark matter and dark energy
• From Hubble graph data we can estimate age of Universe present data: age = 13.8 billion years
Dark matter/energy
• 2. Oscillation Theory (big crunch) – states the universe started with a big bang explosion and will expand outward to a point until gravity of the matter in the universe stops and pulls everything back together. And will repeat the process over and over …. (also called the rubber band theory)
• - not excepted due to lack of matter (critical density) – but the search continues ???
• 3. Steady State theory – universe is stable: density of the universe stays the same
• - not accepted because as the universe expands new matter must form to maintain the density (or fill voids)
• We have no data to suggest this matter created out of nothing …
What will occur ?? Future universe?
Lab time … • http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/graphics/anim
ations/Flash/balloon.swf