université cheikh anta diop, dakar, senegal … · université cheikh anta diop –ucad is one of...
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Par Karamoko DIARRA, ProfesseurUCAD – DAKAR – SENEGAL; Email: [email protected]
Réunion Réseau Africain de Travail sur les rongeurs Soudano-SahéliensElargie aux partenaires
Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, DAKAR, SENEGALEcole Doctorale Sciences de la Vie de la Santé et de l’Environnement
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In Senegal, the university level training in agricultural-related fields is provided by four (/5) universities :
› Université de Thiès › Université Gaston Berger› Université de Ziguinchor› Université Cheikh Anta Diop› Université du SSK
Formations
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Université de Thies is recognized as the institution with a traditional undergraduate degree in agriculture:
B.S. in forestry and agriculture (ISFAR) at BambeyThe instruction program focuses on : •Integrated management of pests, •Horticulture• Seed breeding and production,•Forages, Animal nutrition and health•Cotton,
Formations
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Engineer in agronomy of Superior National School of Agriculture (ENSA) at Thies
The instruction program focuses on :•Crop production, •Livestock production, •Agricultural economics and rural sociology, •Agricultural engineering
M.Sc. of Forestery
Formations
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University of Ziguinchor –UZ, a fourth university located in the Casamance region in the south . UZ has a department of Agriculture and Rural development.
It has developping more applied program of agro-forestry B.S. Degree
Formations
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Université Gaston Berger UGB is the second university in Senegal. It has recently initiated a College of Agricultural Science, which complements programs in Economics and Business:
› B.S. in › Agricultural Sciences› Aquaculture and› Food Technology,
› Pre-B.S. Degree ProgramsEducation includes use of farmscollaboratively operated
with local communities as well as the university farm
Formations
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Université Cheikh Anta Diop –UCAD is one of the strongest university in west Africa
It has recently committed itself to develop more applied programs of research and training in agriculture, such as :
3 BS: › B.Sc. Degree of Agriculture and
Entrepreneurship› B.Sc. in Fisheries and Aquaculture› Livestock production
Formations
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10 M.Sc. › Plant and Microbial Biotechnology (BIOVEM) › Agroforestry, Ecology and Adaptation (AFECA)› Plant Production and Protection (PPV)› Taxonomy, Biodiversity, Ethnobotany and Natural
resources Management & Environment› Sustainable Management of Horticultural Agro-
Ecosystems (GEDAH)› Nutrition and Food › Fishing & aquaculture› Chemistry & Analytical Aspects › Quality Management in bio-industries
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Formations
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6 Doctoral Training in agricultural science:
üPlant and Microbial Biotechnology and Plant
Breeding
üAgroforestry and Ecology
üPlant Production and Protection
üKnowledge and Management of Biodiversity
üHorticulture and Urban and
peri urban agriculture (2013)
Formations
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Recherche
Financement:Programme Horizon Francophone de l’AUF et AI CIRAD
EC'OIE OOCifo:R..UE SCliENCES DEL~ \U, iDE LA SAllfiE !E'F.
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spD!ife: iEutomologie·
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Dr. DooCJJiqu.e BOEDA:F'. O!m:h.irur HD.R.. cmAD ~ Dr. Emi::_ ViDior OOL Y lli'ecti!W' df! IKh.err.ll; ESRA1'CDH Dr.~ !B!RE\[ ;tUl.T, C'l':erdJsnr CJ:R.A.Th'Pe :i")'.it
Life, bis'I!11J !rails o:l l'l001yzus soto.lmvskii l(unljumuv {H'I'mellllplem: Euloplflfule}, a parasftoid ol lhe dl11mondbact molb
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lx~l]tnmllltltfTKJpcJ. fleitd~\bL33.No. l.pp.38-4S..2DlJ Cl~,r'W1.3
doi:ltU01?/S17f2?58.t1~
Performance of the p arasi toid Oomyzus sokolowskii (H ym enoptera: Eulop hidae)
on i ts h os t Plutella. Xtj lostella. (Lep id optera: Plutellid ae) under
labora tory con d i tions
Gal lo Sow'•, Laurence Arvan itakis2, Saliou Niassy',
Karamoko Diarra1 and Dominique Bordat2
1Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Depa.rtement de Biologic Animale~ Paculte des Sciences et Techniques, Equipc Production et Protection
lntegrees en AgroCcosys temcs hortioolcs, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), BP 5005, Daka r, Sen "l!!' ~ 2 Laboratoire de Biodiversite
des all?ystcmes horticotes TAB/L, Campus intematimal d e BatUarguet, ORAD, 34398 Montpelfier Cedex 5, France
Foli a Hon. 2511 (2013): 3-12
DOt 1CI .247&'Ttlelrt·2D1J.OD[)1
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open3CCM8
FoLIA HoRTICULT URAE
Pubtl6hed b)' the- Poll m Socle-;y tor Hor11cl1~ Science- st~ce 1989
The relationship between the diamondback moth, climatic facto•·s, cabbage crops and natu•·alenemies
in a tropical a1·ea
Gal/o Soov', Karamoko Diarra'*, Loureuce .dn'OJ1ilokis1, Domiuique Bordat'
' D@panement de Biolo~e- A.nimsle., FaOJ.lte des. Sciemes et Tec:hniques Equipe Produaion a ProtectioD IntegrH:s. eD AgrcH!c.osystfine-s B.onicoles
UCAD, BP5 00S Dakar-Fann, S""'gal 2 Laboratoire- Biodh:ers:iti! des AgroKosyscemes eo Horticulmre
UR-HortSys, L~ B-103, Campus l!ll!emati.o!La.l de Baillarguet, CIR.AD 34398 MODtpeUl-er cede.-,: 5, Fr.mc:e-
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Première étude de cas
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Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar (UCAD)
K. Diarra et al. , EQUIPE 2PIA, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
Seasonal abundance of major cabbage insect pests and their natural enemies
in Senegal
ProgrammeAIRDPeers-Biobio
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IntroductionIntroduction� In Senegal, insect pests are a major constraint to
the improvement of yield and quality of vegetable crops
� Chemical control is the main strategy developed by farmers to protect their crop -> loss of biodiversity, resistance, etc.
� Need to design ecologically-basedpest management strategies
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Plutella xylostella
Lepidopteran pests of cabbageLepidopteran pests of cabbage
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Plutella xylostella Helulla undalis
Chrysodeixis chalcites Crocidolomia binotalis
Lepidopteran pests of cabbageLepidopteran pests of cabbage
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Plutella xylostella (L.) · « T eigne du chou » Lepidoptera ; Plutellidae
I Les: adultes de la c Teigne " sont de petits papiltons de 15 mm de longueur enlfiroo. l es ailes ant~rieures de la femelle ( 1' sont de couleur brun clair avec une zone plus pale suT le oos.. les a!les du mile sont plus !Oocees, La zone d01S3le est blanche (2).
l l es arufs som dep~s d e fa~on isolee ou par petits f.roupes ne depass:ant pas une vmgtame d 'umes (1~ A l'edosion, les chenilles penetrent dans les feuiDes, faisant apparaitre des traces blanches en fonne de virgule (4).
l l::les le OeUlci~me stade, el!es consomment le dessous des feouilles (5) jusqua la nymphose qui s'efl'ectue J;l! T la plante (6).. Par forte attaque, les feouilles sont perfomes de nombreux trous empech;antla formation de lapomme (7)..
cirad
Hellula undalis (F.) « Borer du chou » Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
I L"aa:oup!ement (1) all1!11 des !'emergence des ~uhes..
I Le.s oeufs (2} sont d ~poses isolement sous les feoui11es. Des leur eclosion, les chen;lles pen~trent a l'interieur de la plante en se concentrant dans les neTVUTes prindpales des feuilles. O'autres se ~isent sur le bourgeon central ~3) qu'elles devoren1,. puis penetreont dans latige(4).
I La nymphose s'effeclue sur la planle au m!lr.eu des excremen!s des chenU!es. Prives d'axe central, les choux apparaissent pfats (5) et le depart cle certains bourgeons allilla.!res provoque la fonnation d'un chou a plusieurs pomme.s, le rendant impropreab vente (6).
tfcimd
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ObjectivesObjectives
1. Characterizing the major insect pests of cabbage in the main vegetable-producing area in Senegal (Niayes),
2. Evaluating the impact of pest management practices and natural enemies (especially parasitoids) on the regulation of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations.
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• 32 focal fields
Study area (Niayes)Study area (Niayes)� Yearly
précipitations : 500 mm max.
� T°C: 20 - 30°C
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� From October 2012 to January 2013(hot dry season), from transplanting to harvest,
� 24 plants per field were observed every three weeks: plant diameter, number of major lepidopteran pests,
� 3089 larvae and nymphs were reared at the lab to evaluate the rate of parasitism,
� Cultural practices, including insecticide spraying, were recorded.
MonitoringMonitoring
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� P. xylostella was by far the major pest of cabbage during this season, especially in the South of Niayes.
Pests and infestationPests and infestation
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� Parasitoids were mainly represented by Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hymen., Eulophidae).
Parasitoids and parasitismParasitoids and parasitism
South Centre North
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� The percentage of parasitized larvae varied from 0 to 33% according to fields (n=3090).
Parasitoids and parasitismParasitoids and parasitism
% parasitism(P. xylostella)
Max
Min
a*b
c
*GLM Logistic regression
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� The percentage of parasitized larvae decreased with time…
Parasitoids and parasitismParasitoids and parasitism
% parasitism(P. xylostella) a*
bc
*GLM Logistic regression
Nb days post transplanting
cc
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� A positive correlation between the percentage of infested sprouts and the number of insecticide treatments performed was observed, suggesting low efficiency of treatment and putative insecticide resistance in populations of the diamondback moth.
Insecticide and resistanceInsecticide and resistance
% infested sprouts(transf. asin√)(P<0.01)
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Conclusion et PerspectivesConclusion et Perspectives� Plutella xylostella is the major pest for cabbage
in Senegal
� Biological control could be an alternative to insecticide use, provided …
� This study, to continue with a new range of variables including landscape, should contribute to improve management practices of insect pests towards an "ecologically-based" intensification of agricultural production systems.
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Deuxième étude de cas
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Tuta absoluta, Tuta absoluta, une nouvelle menace pourune nouvelle menace pourla production de tomate au Sla production de tomate au Séénnéégal?gal?
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Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) · Lepidoptera ; Gelechiidae
I Les aduttes de 5 mm e nviron sont de couleur brun griJatre (1). A l'edOSJoo, la cnen'Jie (2' penetre dans la l"euiDe et mine le pareocnyme.
I Les feuilles attaquees se dessechent ( 3). La chenille penetre dans la tige et mme celle-ci 14 ). 91e peut egalement s'attaquer au fruit (S }.
I La nymphose s'effectue sur la feuiUe dans un cocon SO)'I!UX (6).
G l- C't )o.. .l ,
cirad
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DDéétection de tection de Tuta absoluta Tuta absoluta en cultures de en cultures de tomate plein champ dans la zone des Niayestomate plein champ dans la zone des Niayes
Méthodologie
� Suivi d’un réseau de parcelles
� Sud, centre et nord Niayes� Observation toutes les
trois semaines de 3 feuilles sur 24 plants par parcelle
� Du repiquage à la récolte
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DDéétection de tection de Tuta absoluta Tuta absoluta en cultures de en cultures de tomate plein champ dans la zone des Niayestomate plein champ dans la zone des Niayes
Saison 1 (24 parcelles)Octobre-décembre 2012
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Saison 1 (24 parcelles)Octobre-décembre 2012
Saison 2 (26 parcelles)Février-avril 2013
DDéétection de tection de Tuta absoluta Tuta absoluta en cultures de en cultures de tomate plein champ dans la zone des Niayestomate plein champ dans la zone des Niayes
Tuta absoluta Tuta absoluta clans les Niayes (Senegal) clans les N iayes (Senegal)
• absence e absence
• presence e presence
10 20 km 0 10 201un
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DDéégâts sur feuilles de tomategâts sur feuilles de tomate
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DDéégâts sur feuilles de tomategâts sur feuilles de tomate
Parcelles abandonnées!
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DDéétection de tection de Tuta absolutaTuta absolutasur dsur d’’autres cultures de Solanacautres cultures de Solanacééeses
� aubergine(Solanum melongena)
� diakhatou(Solanum aethiopicum)
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T. Brévault1, O. Ndoye2, M. Diatte3, S. Sylla3,
G. Bernadas1, S. Gueye2 & K. Diarra3
Programme Peers-Biobio
Une rUne rééelle menace pour la filielle menace pour la filièère marare maraîîchchèère!re!
1Cirad, 2FPMN, 3Ucad
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Programme Programme «« Doctorants du Sud 2013Doctorants du Sud 2013 »» sur le sujet sur le sujet «« Invasion de la Invasion de la mineuse de la tomate, Tuta absoluta, en Afrique submineuse de la tomate, Tuta absoluta, en Afrique sub--saharienne : saharienne : dynamique, niche dynamique, niche éécologique et potentiel de rcologique et potentiel de réégulation biologique gulation biologique
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MERCIMERCI