UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

MUHAMMAD JABIR

FK 2014 172

MONITORING AND CONTROL OF AC POWER DISTRIBUTION BOARD THROUGH SOUND CARD-BASED SCADA SYSTEM

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MONITORING AND CONTROL OF AC POWER DISTRIBUTION BOARD THROUGH

SOUND CARD-BASED SCADA SYSTEM

By

MUHAMMAD JABIR

Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in

Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science

December 2014

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COPYRIGHT

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icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra

Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within

the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use

of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of

Universiti Putra Malaysia.

Copyright© Universiti Putra Malaysia

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Do they say: 'He has invented this Book himself?' Say: 'If that is so, bring ten surahs

the like of it of your composition, and call upon all (the deities or gods) you can

other than Allah to your help. Do so if you are truthful (Surah Houd, Ayat # 13)

I dedicate this humble effort, the fruit of my thoughts & study to my Parents

(Muhammad Ramzan&Sehnaz), my Brothers (Sabir, Babar, Bilawal and Tayyab),

and to all those who love me for their support and encouragement they provided

me to achieve this goal.

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Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfillment

of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science

MONITORING AND CONTROL OF AC POWER DISTRIBUTION BOARD THROUGH

SOUND CARD-BASED SCADA SYSTEM

By

MUHAMMAD JABIR

December 2014

Chairman: Nasri b. Sulaiman, PhD

Faculty : Engineering

The concept of wide-area monitoring of each and every aspect of the electrical

distribution system, its control and protection is the basic demand of this era. This is

because of the electrical power demand is growing much faster which demands the

more energy generating system like renewable sources which are cheap and easily

available even at close to load and result complex electrical generating system. For

safe and control electrical power from these complex electrical generating system to

industrial and most important loads like telecommunication site load, the electrical

energy is provide to system through AC power distribution board which pass

electrical energy from these generating sources i.e. TNB and other sources like

generator and renewable to load in control way. The present AC power distribution

board can monitor and control only current and voltages of the coming electrical

energy sources. Also there is no remote monitoring system that can check the

coming AC power status even of voltage and current. The monitoring of voltage and

current can monitor only by volt and ammeter that are presents on the AC power

distribution boards (ACPDB).

This thesis explored the challenges and feasibility of the implementation of real-time

system analysis features in order to monitor and control the AC electrical power

distribution board (ACPDB) of the telecommunication sites. By using the sound card

based SCADA system the signal of maximum range 2.1V that is get from potential

and current transformers of the electrical system of telecommunication site has sent

to computer or process device which integrates with the LabVIEW software. Sound

card is the most cheapest and easily integrate to computer as data acquisition device

rather than other acquisition cards which are expensive as well as demand separate

software and software license in order to integrate hardware to computer software.

LabVIEW is the one of the latest and efficient software that easily integrate with

hardware by using sound card and receives the ACPDB signal with proper generated

code. In this thesis ACPDB of type V4 has been used for monitoring and control. For

V4 ACPDB the single phase voltage can measure upto 380V and current can

measure up to 140A by using sound card SCADA.

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The LabVIEW with the created design code electrical power distributed system of

telecommunication site is monitored and controlled. Using sound card based

SCADA system we are able to monitor any kind of aspect from fundamental quantity

to distortion analysis. The values of monitored system store in the storage devices

which are helpful for load forecasting and able to manage electrical sources. The

protection of ACPDB is achieved by setting reference values in LabVIEW and

LabVIEW send control signal to hardware in the event of fault.

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Abstrak tesis yang dikemukakan kepada Senat Universiti Putra Malaysia Sebagai

memenuhi keperluan untuk ijazah Master Sains

PEMANTAUAN DAN KAWALAN AC LEMBAGA POWER PENGAGIHAN MELALUI

SOUND CARD BERASASKAN SISTEM SCADA

Oleh

MUHAMMAD JABIR

Disember 2014

Pengerusi: Nasri b. Sulaiman, PhD

Fakulti : Kejuruteraan

Konsep Wide Area Network(WAN) memantau setiap aspek sistem pengagihan

elektrik, kawalan dan perlindungan merupakan permintaan asas pada era ini. Ini

kerana permintaan terhadap kuasa elektrik membangun dengan pantas dimana

permintaan terhadap sistem penjanaan tenaga seperti sumber-sumber yang boleh

diperbaharui dimana ia murah dan mudah didapati dan menyebabkan sistem

penjanaan elektrik yang kompleks. Sebagai keselamatan dan kawalan kuasa elektrik

dari sistem penjanaan elektrik yang kompleks kepada perindustrian dan paling utama

kepada beban seperti tapak beban telekomunikasi, tenaga elektrik disalurkan kepada

sistem melalui papan pengagihan kuasa AC dimana ia akan melepaskan tenaga

elektrik melalui sumber penjanaan tersebut sebagai contoh, Tenaga Nasional Berhad

(TNB) dan sumber-sumber lain seperti penjana dan memperbaharui beban secara

terkawal. Kewujudan papan pengagihan kuasa AC hanya dapat memantau dan

mengawal arus dan voltan yang datang melalui sumber – sumber tenaga elektrik.

Selain daripada itu, tiada sistem pemantauan jarak jauh bagi menyemak status kuasa

AC yang diterima daripada arus dan voltan. Pemantauan arus dan voltan hanya dapat

dipantau dengan volt dan ammeter yang terdapat pada papan pengagihan kuasa AC

(ACPDB).

Thesis ini meneroka cabaran-cabaran dan ciri kebolehlaksanaan sistem analisis masa

nyata untuk memantau dan mengawal papan pengagihan kuasa AC (ACPDB) ke

tapak-tapak telekomunikasi. Dengan menggunakan kad bunyi berasaskan sistem

SCADA berisyarat julat maksimum 2.1V yang diperolehi daripada potensi dan tapak

pengubah sistem arus elektrik telekomunikasi telah dihantar ke komputer atau alat

pemproses yang telah disepadukan dengan perisian LabVIEW. Kad bunyi adalah

termurah dan mudah disepadukan ke komputer sebagai alat perolehan data

berbanding kad-kad perolehan data yang lain dimana ia mahal dan juga memerlukan

perisian berasingan dan lesen perisian untuk menyepadukan perisian keras ke

perisian lembut komputer. LabVIEW merupakan perisian terkini dan berkesan serta

mudah disepadukan dengan perisian keras dengan menggunakan kad bunyi dan

menerima isyarat ACPDB dengan kod yang dijana dengan betul. Dalam thesis ini,

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ACPDB jenis V4 telah digunakan bagi pemantauan dan pengawalan. Bagi ACPDB

jenis V4, fasa tunggal voltan boleh mengukur sehingga 380V dan arus boleh diukur

sehingga 140A dengan menggunakan kad bunyi SCADA.

LabVIEW dengan sistem kod reka bentuk yang dicipta kuasa elektrik yang diedarkan

ke tapak telekomunikasi kini telah apat dipantau dan dikawal. Dengan menggunakan

kad bunyi berasaskan sistem SCADA kita kini boleh memantau apa-apa jenis aspek

daripada kuantiti asas hingga ke herotan analisis. Nilai sistem yang dipantau

disimpan ke dalam peranti simpanan dimana sangat membantu meramal beban dan

mampu mengurus sumber-sumber elektrik.

Perlindungan ACPDB dicapai dengan menetapkan nilai-nilai rujukan dalam

LabVIEW dan LabVIEW akan menghantar isyarat kawalan ke perisian keras

sekiranya berlaku kerosakan.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, The Most Merciful and Most Benevolent

I am extremely thankful to my supervisor, Dr. Nasri b. Sulaiman for his inspiring

encouragement and full support from the initial phase of implementation to

completion and for her diligence in reviewing the draft and final copies of the

manuscripts. I am also very grateful to Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM), Serdang

who provide fully facilities for literature reviews and lab to do experiments.

I bow my head before Allah Almighty Who blessed me with good health and vision

to accomplish this endeavor. These research investigations were supervised by

DrNasri b. Sulaiman, Profesor Ir. Dr. Mohd Zainal Abidin b. Ab. Kadir. I wish to

express my sincere thanks to worthy members of my supervisory committee for their

consistent guidance, support and encouragement throughout the study period. Special

thanks to the teaching faculty and staff of the faculty who provided me the advance

knowledge and training in related fields. To those individuals and agencies not

mentioned, but who in one way or another contributed in the completion of this

research work, thank you for your cooperation, JAZAKUMULLAH……..

Finally I wish to express my gratitude to my parents for his prayers, love, continuous

support and encouragement. I would like to acknowledge that all these endeavours

and achievements are endowed to my father Muhammad Ramzan, my mother

Sehnaz, brothers Sabir, Babar, DR. Bilawaland especially my Loving brother Tayyab

kaka for their love, patience and understanding they showed throughout this period.

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This thesis was submitted to the Senate of the Universiti Putra Malaysia and has

been accepted as fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science.

The members of the Supervisory Committee were as follows:

Nasri b. Sulaiman, PhD

Senior Lecturer

Faculty of Engineering

Universiti Putra Malaysia

(Chairman)

Mohd Zainal Abidin b. Ab. Kadir, PhD

Professor

Faculty of Engineering

Universiti Putra Malaysia

(Member)

BUJANG KIM HUAT, PhD

Professor and Dean

School of Graduate Studies

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Date:

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Declaration by graduate student

I hereby confirm that:

This thesis is my original work;

Quotations, illustrations and citations have been duly referenced;

This thesis has not been submitted previously or concurrently for any other

degree at any other institutions;

Intellectual property from the thesis and copyright of thesis are fully-owned by

Universiti Putra Malaysia, as according to the Universiti Putra Malaysia

(Research) Rules 2012;

Written permission must be obtained from supervisor and the office of Deputy

Vice-chancellor (Research and Innovation) before thesis is published (in the form

of written, printed or in electronic form) including books, journal , modules,

proceedings, popular writings, seminar papers, manuscripts, posters, reports,

lecture notes, learning modules or any other materials as stated in the Universiti

Putra Malaysia (Research) Rules 2012.

There is no plagiarism or data falsification/fabrication in the thesis, and scholarly

integrity is upheld as according to (Graduate Studies) Rules 2003 (Revision

2012-2013) and the Universiti Putra Malaysia and the Universiti Putra Malaysia

(Research) Rules 2012. The thesis has undergone plagiarism detection software

Signature: Date:

Name and Matric No.:

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Declaration by Members of Supervisory Committee

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT i

ABSTRAK iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

APPROVAL vi

DECLARATION viii

LIST OF FIGURES xiii

LIST OF TABLES xiv

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Brief Introduction 1

1.2 Problem Statement 3

1.3 Aim and Objective 3

1.4 Scope of Work 4

1.5 Thesis Layout 4

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Electrical Power System 5

2.2 Monitoring of Electrical Systems 6

2.2.1 Techniques Used for Electrical Systems

monitoring

6

2.2.1.1 Power Distribution System Monitoring

with SCADA

7

2.3 Methods to Setup down Voltages 8

2.3.1 Instrument Transformers 8

2.3.1.1 Current Transformers 9

2.3.1.2 Basic Operation 9

2.3.1.3 Errors 10

2.3.1.4 Difference between Metering and

Protection

10

2.3.15 Knee Point of Excitation curve 10

2.3.1.6 Thermal and Mechanical Ratings 11

2.3.2 Voltage/Potential Transformer 11

2.3.2.1 Basic Operation 11

2.3.2.2 Working 12

2.3.2.3 Errors 12

2.3.2.4 Ratio Error 12

2.3.2.5 Phase Angle Error 12

2.3.2.6 Factors Affecting the Accuracy of

Potential Transformers

12

2.3.2.7Accuracy 13

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2.4 Data acquisitions 13

2.4.1 Importance of sampling rate for data acquisition 13

2.4.1.1 Error Considerations 13

2.4.1.2 Aliasing Error 14

2.4.1.3 Aperture Error 15

2.4.2 Data acquisitions in SCADA system 16

2.4.2.1 Acquisition Modules Series (DT9800) 16

2.4.2.2 National Instrument Acquisition Modules 17

2.4.3 Sound Cards 17

2.5 Electrical Power Distribution Unit 18

2.5.1 Transfer Switch 18

2.5.2 Surge Arrestor 19

2.5.3 Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) 20

2.5.4 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) 21

2.6 Data Manipulation through Computer 22

2.7 Data Analysis Techniques 22

2.7.1 LabVIEW 22

2.7.1.1 Front Panel Toolkit 23

2.7.1.2 Block Diagram 23

2.8 Monitoring of Electrical system through LabVIEW 24

2.9 Control of Electrical system 25

2.9.1 Communication from computer to Electrical

System

25

2.10 Protection of Electrical System 26

2.11 Summary 26

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction 27

3.2 RTU’s (Electrical Sensors) for SCADA system 30

3.2.1 Procedure of Design for Monitoring Unit of

ACPDB

30

3.3 Instruments Transformers (PTs and CTs) 32

3.3.1 Function and Selection of Transformers for

SCADA System

33

3.3.2 Connection of Potential Transformer (PT) in

SCADA for monitoring

33

3.3.3 Configuration of Current Transformer (CT) 35

3.4 Data Acquisition through Sound Card 36

3.4.1 Microphone Pin Configuration 36

3.5 LabVIEW Software Setup 37

3.6 Algorithm of LabVIEW software 37

3.6.1 LabVIEW Software Coding Design to get ACPDB

Data

37

3.6.1.1 Acquire Sound Block 38

3.7 LabVIEW Coding Block for ACPDB Electrical Signal

Measurement and Analysis

39

3.7.1 LabVIEW Graphical Code for Monitoring of

ACPDB Fundamental Quantities

39

3.7.2 LabVIEW Graphical Code for Power Monitoring 41

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of ACPDB

3.7.3 Distortion Monitoring: 42

3.8 Electrical Control of ACPDB 43

3.9 LabVIEW Design to Send Control Signal to ACPDB 44

3.10 Medium Used to Send Control Signal from LabVIEW to

ACPDB

46

3.11 Procedure of simulation in LabVIEW 46

3.12 Output Parameters of Sound SCADA 47

3.12.1 Calculation of Output Parameters by Using

Formulas

47

3.12.2 Calculation of Output Parameters by Meters 47

3.13Summary 48

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction 49

4.2 Sound Card Date Acquisition Results 49

4.2.1 Resolution of Sound Card 51

4.2.2 Calibration of Sound Card 52

4.2.3 Dual Channel Sound Card Frequency Responses 53

4.3 Sound Card SCADA System Result on LabVIEW 54

4.3.1 Results of Monitoring of ACPDB Voltage, Current

and Frequency

54

4.3.2 Results of Monitoring of ACPDB Electrical Power 55

4.3.3 Monitoring of ACPDB Each Phase Separately 55

4.4 ACPDB Monitoring Results using Conventional

Measuring Meters

56

4.4.1 ACPDB Voltage and Current Results using Volt

and Ammeter

56

4.4.2 ACPDB Frequency Result using Ammeter 56

4.4.3 ACPDB Distortion Analysis using FFT Analyzer 57

4.5 Validation of Sound Card SCADA Results 58

4.6 Application of Sound Card SCADA for ACPDB 59

4.6.1 Monitoring Result of THD, SINAD and

Fundamental Frequency

59

4.6.2 FFT Power Spectrum using zero padding technique 60

4.6.3 Impact of Dolph- Chebyshev Window 61

4.6.4 RMS Error 62

4.7 Control of ACPDB using Sound Card SCADA 63

4.7.1 Control of Voltage and Current of Electrical System 63

4.8 Sound Card Based SCADA Comparison with DAQ’s Card

Based SCADA

64

4.9 Summary 65

5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS

5.1 Conclusion 66

5.2 Limitations and Future Work 66

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REFERENCES

BIODATA OF STUDENT

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

67 70 71

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LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Challenges in Power Systems 1

1.2 Block Diagram for whole SCADA System 2

2.1 Electrical Power Systems 5

2.2 Electrical Power Distribution Board with Volt and Ammeter 6

2.3 Equivalent Circuit of Current Transformer 9

2.4 Excitation Characteristics of Metering and Protective CTs 10

2.5 Definition of knee point of excitation curve 11

2.6 Equivalent circuit of Potential Transformer 12

2.7 Determining Minimum System Sampling Rate 14

2.8 Aliasing Error vs Sampling Rate 14

2.9 Reconstruction of Sampled Data Where fS =2fMAX 15

2.10 Reconstruction Accuracy vs Number of Samples per Cycle 15

2.11 Typical PC Sound Card 18

2.12 Automatic Transfer Switch 19

2.13 Moulded Case Circuit Breaker 20

2.14 Circuit Breaker Current Rating 21

2.15 LabVIEW VI Blocks Diagram 22

2.16 LabVIEW Front Panel Basic Toolkit 23

2.17 LabVIEW Block Diagram Toolkit 24

3.1 Flow Block Diagram of Methodology 28

3.2 Flow Chart of Methodology 29

3.3 Electric Diagram for Monitoring of AC Power Distribution Board 31

3.4 Connection of Sound Card microphone jack to monitoring unit of

ACPDB

32

3.5 Physical shape of Potential Transformer (PT) 33

3.6 Physical shape of Current Transformer 33

3.7 Equivalent circuit of a Potential Transformer 34

3.8 Equivalent circuit of a current transformer 35

3.9 Soundcard Hardware 36

3.10 Microphone Pin 36

3.11 Block diagram code to get electrical signal in LabVIEW 38

3.12 Sound Card Display Input Tool Setting 39

3.13 Input Block to measure Signals 39

3.14 Block Diagram Code for Monitoring of Fundamental Electrical

Quantities

40

3.15 Block Diagram Code for Monitoring of Power 41

3.16 Program Chart of Signal Distortion Monitoring 43

3.17 Electrical Diagram of ACPDB 44

3.18 Over/Under Voltage Function in LabVIEW real-time software 45

3.19 Block Diagram Code for Control Signal to ACPDB 45

3.20 Serial Port to Send Signal from PC to Hardware 46

3.21 Display of ACPDB Electrical Quantities 47

4.1 Amplitude and phase response across the two channels of the sound

card

53

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4.2 Real Time Monitoring of Three Phase ACPDB 54

4.3 Monitoring of Fundamental Electrical Quantities of ACPDB 54

4.4 Monitoring of Electrical Power through Designed SCADA 55

4.5 Monitoring of Red Phase through Designed SCADA 55

4.6 Volt and Ammeter Meter Result 56

4.7 DMM Frequency Result 57

4.8 THD Result using FFT 57

4.9 Front panel display of outputs of the ACPDB 60

4.10 FFT Power Spectrum before applying zero padding method 61

4.11 FFT Power Spectrum with Four-fold zero padding 61

4.12 Windows acting on frequency domain of a distorted signal 62

4.13 RMS Error Evaluations 63

4.14 Operating Values of ACPDB 63

4.15 LabVIEW Display under Faulty Condition 64

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LIST OF TABLES

2.1 summary of DT9800 16

2.2 Summary of National Instrument DAQ’s Devices 17

2.3 Tripping Performance of MCB 22

2.4 Display the running status 25

4.1 Voltage input in term of gain (Data sheet of sound card) 51

4.2 Typical Signal level measured as standard deviation of the number of

quantum level

52

4.3 Calibration factors as a function of gain and resolution 52

4.4 Low frequency amplitude response of the sound card 53

4.5 Comparisons of Results of Sound Card SCADA and Measuring

Meters for Red phase

58

4.6 Comparisons of Results of Sound Card SCADA and Measuring

Meters for Yellow phase

58

4.7 Comparisons of Results of Sound Card SCADA and Measuring

Meters for Blue phase

59

4.8 Comparison between sound card and DAQ’s Devices 64

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1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Brief Introduction

Electrical energy is the basic of human life. Now a day the energy demand is

increasing day by day. In order to fulfil the current requirement different types of

electrical energy sources has been brought to electrical system. By enlarging the

electrical system to get more electrical power it is also very important to focus

towards managing the system. To manually manage the electrical system even small

distribution system is not very easy as the new electrical power sources like

renewable brings new uncertainties (Dong, 2009 and Zhao & Wu, 2013). Also there

are other challenges what will the behaviour of Power system load under faulty

condition, how to monitor the whole system in easy and efficient way and how to

protect under fault. Figure 1.1 shows the most important challenges that have to

tackle in order normal operation of electrical systems.

Figure 1.1 Challenges in Power Systems (Zhao & Wu, 2013)

Telecom Sites are usually powered through various sources which include – AC

utility, Diesel generator and renewable sources etc. This topology provides fault

tolerance and redundancy in case of failures. The focus has been shifted to some

renewable sources like solar that can provide electrical energy to telecom site even

within telecom compound in low cost and less maintenance as compare to generators

(Zhao & Wu, 2013) but this has made more complex system. The complexity of the

AC power supply empathies for precise monitoring and notification of any failures.

This makes Power Supply Monitoring board an integral part of the telecom shelter

unit. Normally to control power from these electrical sources TNB, generator and

renewable the AC power distribution board are used and can monitor system voltage

and current only.

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Supervisory controls and data acquisition (SCADA) is the system that can monitor

and manage the complex electrical system. In SCADA system data from electrical

system send to computer or processing device by using sensors, data acquisition

devices and communication lines. On the base of system data computer monitor the

whole complex system, store the monitored values, and can make decision and send

to control signal to protect system during fault (Baqer & Sikder, 2012 and Zhang &

Xiang, 2014). Following Figure 1.2 shows the block diagram of SCADA system.

Figure 1.2 Block Diagram for whole SCADA System (Zhang & Xiang, 2014)

In SCADA system firstly get two basic electrical quantity i.e. voltage and current in

real time monitoring by using PT and CT. After this these analogue quantities

through data acquisition device (DAQ) by National Instrument Company send to

computer in digital form. However DAQ through this device is relative expensive

and needs separate configuration. Moreover, its design is based on industrial safety

standard. Therefore, this is inconvenient for generalization. Another system for this

purpose is sound card. Sound card has ability for data acquisition because it has

ability of both conversions i.e. analogue to digital and digital to analogue. Moreover,

data acquisition through sound card is cheaper, better compatibility, stable

performance, flexible applications and easy update for drivers. General sound card

can reach an accuracy of 16 bit or 32 bit degree of A/D conversion accuracy, higher

than a usual 12 bit A/D card.

After acquisition, the signal is ready for electrical system monitoring by using

software LabVIEW and electrical power unit can control through with

communication of LabVIEW software and external control unit. The research follow

chart that is given as:

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1.2 Problem Statement

The current technique for monitoring the AC power distribution board of the telecom

site is the usage of volt and ammeter that are usually attached to the monitoring

board of the ACPDB. The problem of this technique is that it can only monitor the

voltage and current of the incoming supply of electrical power. By using this

technique other electrical parameters like electrical power and distortion parameters

(THD, SIND) etc. cannot monitor and record the data of AC supply either it is from

TNB or other sources. Monitoring and control of Alternating Electrical Power

Distribution board of telecommunication system at remote station through computer

is not available and the current technique to monitor the ACPDB of site to look at the

values of volt and ammeter on ACPDB panel. Quality of system monitoring of the

electrical power distribution system depend on the data acquisition of the electrical

current and voltage. In sound card technology, the method of choice for achieving a

real-time system with low-cost, high sampling accuracy, great flexibility, friendly

interference, and convenient data store. After process through sound card, electrical

quantities comes in computer where can easily record and control them fast and

efficient.

1.3 Aim and Objective

The aim and objective of this research are:

To enhance sound card acquisition based SCADA system which has to

monitor and protect the alternative electrical power distribution unit with

low-cost, high sampling accuracy, great flexibility, and friendly interference.

To enhance monitoring system by displaying the 8 different monitoring

parameters (voltage, current, frequency, active power, reactive power,

apparent power, THD and SIND) of ACPDB on LabVIEW front Panel.

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1.4 Scope of Work

The Sound Card SCADA can monitor the important electric parameters of

telecommunication electric load which is controlled by ACPDB. These important

parameters are voltage, current, frequency, active power, reactive power, apparent

power, THD and TND. Recently, the volt meter and ammeter placed on ACPDB has

been used for monitoring of the AC electric voltage and current. Other SCADA

system like by using DAQ devices can also be used as Sound Card SCADA in

telecommunication load but these are expensive and company controlled DAQ cards.

One of the cheapest method applied in many industrial applications is based on

sound card based SCADA.

One most important motivation of this work is that it can use personal computer for

monitoring and control of electrical power distribution system, industrial systems

(heat, air and water flow) and for bio medical purpose like ECG of human body and

heart beat rate calculation etc.

1.5Thesis Layout

This thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter 1 is the introductory

chapter and it provides basic background of the study, problem statement, objectives,

and scope of the work.

Chapter 2 gives the review and analysis of several previous research works on

electrical system monitoring and different types of method used for electrical system

monitoring and protection. Moreover, it provides different techniques used for data

acquisition. At the end of the chapter there is explanation Sound card acquisition.

Chapter 3 presents the methodology to integration of the ACPDB through sound to

computer software. And software code design for getting data, monitoring electrical

fundamental quantities, electrical power, distortion analysis and control of electrical

voltage and current through LabVIEW software.

Chapter 4 includes the detailed discussions on results and findings electrical data in

computer for analysis. The result of the monitoring value of the electrical voltage,

current, power and distortion analysis has been showed on the computer LabVIEW

software front panel (graphical display). The results of SCADA are verified and

compared with volt and ammeter of the ACPDB monitoring system. A final

discussion is also made to present the importance of this work.

Finally, in chapter 5 a conclusion for this work is presented. Sound card based

SCADA is the most suitable when to monitor electrical system due to its high

sampling rate, cheapest and design simplicity. SCADA system is convenient way to

monitor and control the ACPDB of telecom site. Contributions from this work are

also stated and ideas for future development of the SCADA system.

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REFERENCES

C. T. Yew and T.-W. Chan "Experimenting remote kilowatthour meter reading

through low-voltage power lines at dense housing estates", IEEE Trans. Power

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J. A. Salehi, "Emerging optical CDMA techniques and applications," International

Journal of Optics and Photonics, Vol1, no. 1, 2007.

Chen S., Wang Y., Ma W., and Chen J., "Technical innovations promoting standard

evolution: from TD-SCDMA to TD-LTE and beyond," IEEE Wireless

Communications, vol. 19, pp. 60-66, Feb. 2012.

P. Wang, D. Tan, "A Calibration Method for Power Metering System with Electronic

Instrument Transformers", Proc. of 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid

Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), Berlin, 2012

J. Pascal, R. Bloch, S. Isler, L. Georges "Electronic front end for Rogowski coil

current transducers with online accuracy self monitoring" in Proc. IEEE International

Conference on Industrial Technology ICIT March 2012,

International Electrotechnical Commission, "International Standard IEC 60044-8

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