346

UNIVERSITY DEGREESBachelor of Medicine and Surgery

All the universities in the United Kingdom, exceptReading, offer baccalaureate degrees in medicine andsurgery, conferred on the results of examination.

HIGHER QUALIFICATIONSThose who have graduated in medicine and surgery are

at liberty to seek higher qualifications if they wish.

Doctor of Medicine and Master of SurgeryGraduates holding a bachelor’s degrees can take the

degree of Doctor of Medicine or Master of Surgery. Alluniversities with medical faculties in Great Britain andIreland confer such’degrees. London University offersthe M.D. in general medicine, and in pathology, psycho-logical medicine, midwifery and diseases of women,hygiene, and tropical medicine ; the M.S. is obtainable ingeneral surgery, and in dental surgery, ophthalmology,and laryngology, otology, and rhinology. At the Univer-sity of Durham the degree of Doctor of Surgery (D.cs.)is offered in addition to the degree of Master of Surgery(M.S.). Liverpool offers the orthopaedic degree ofM.OR. ORTH., the regulations for which have lately beenrevised. *

Master in the Science of Obstetrics and Master ofMidwifery z .

The Irish universities grant the degree M.A.o. TheSociety of Apothecaries of London grants the Masteryof Midwifery (M.M.S.A.) upon examination in obstetrics,paediatrics, and public health. The examinations areheld in May and November, and regulations may beobtained from the registrar, Apothecaries’ Hall, BlackFriars Lane, E.C.4.

MEMBERSHIP AND FELLOWSHIP

The Royal College of Physicians of London confersthe Membership (M.R.C.P.), which its obtained byexamination. Examinations are held four times in eachyear, and medical graduates and licentiates of the collegeover twenty-three years of age may sit for it. Details canbe obtained from the secretary, Royal College ofPhysicians, Pall Mall East, London, S.W.I. Fellows ofthe college are elected annually at a general meetingof the college.The Royal College of Surgeons of England grants a

fellowship to those passing the primary and final F.R,.c.s.examinations. The primary examination is open tothose who hold a qualification registrable in the BritishMedical Register and to graduates in medicine andsurgery of universities and medical colleges recognisedby the council. Subjects of the primary examinationare anatomy (including normal histology), appliedphysiology, and the principles of pathology. The finalexamination can be taken in general surgery, ophthal-mology, or otolaryngology. To be admitted to the finalexamination in general surgery candidates must produceevidence of having been engaged in acquiring professionalknowledge for not less than two years (increased to threeyears as from 1949) after taking a medical qualification,and of having held the requisite resident surgical postsduring a part of that time. Candidates for the finalexamination in ophthalmology or otolaryngology musthave been qualified for three years and must have heldgeneral and specialist resident posts during an aggregateperiod of eighteen months. The primary examination isheld in January and July ; and the final examinationis held in May and November. The college also grantsa fellowship in dental surgery, for which there is a primaryexamination in applied anatomy, and applied physio-logy and the principles of pathology, with special referenceto the teeth and jaws, and a final examination in surgery,oral pathology and bacteriology, and dental surgery.Copies of the new regulations and full particulars maybe obtained from the examinations secretary, Examina-tion Hall, Queen Square, London, W.C.I.

Medical graduates who have been registered, or

eligible for registration, for at least three years mayapply for examination for membership of the RoyalCollege of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (M.R.C.O.G.).

Particulars of the regulations may be obtained from thesecretary, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaeco-logists, 58, Queen Anne Street, London, W.l.The fellowship (F.R.c.o.G.) is granted to members

who are judged by the council to have advanced thescience and art of obstetrics and gynaecology.

Graduates may become members of the Royal Collegeof Physicians of Edinburgh (M.R.c.p..) on passing anexamination, particulars of which may be obtained fromthe secretary, 9, Queen Street, Edinburgh, 2.The fellows are selected from among the members

by the council of the college, and receive the designationF.R.C.P.E.

Fellowship of the .Royal College of Surgeons of Edin-burgh (F.B.c.s.E.) is granted to medical graduates whopass the required examinations. Under new regulationswhich come into force at the beginning of next year theexamination will be divided into two parts-the firston anatomy and physiology and on pathology andbacteriology, and the second on the principles andpractice of surgery and on one of four special subjectsto be chosen by the candidate. Unsuccessful candidateswho appeared for examination on or before March 15this year may still elect to be examined under the existingregulations. Particulars of the regulations may beobtained from the clerk of the college, Surgeons’ Hall,18, Nicolson Street, Edinburgh.The Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of

Glasgow grants, after examination, a fellowship regis-trable by the G.M.C. as an additional qualification(F.R.F.P.S.G.). Admission is by examination and subse-quent election. The candidate may be examined ineither medicine or surgery ; and for both examinationsnew regulations will come into force on June 1, 1949.From this date candidates for the fellowship in medicinemust have been in possession of a recognised medicalqualification for not less than three years, and musthave been engaged during one of these years in full-tim6 Iclinical work in a recognised hospital and have spenttwo other postgraduate years in medical work approvedby the faculty. Candidates for admission to the fellowshipin surgery will be required to possess a recognisedmedical qualification and to pass a primary and a finalexamination. For admission to the final examinationcandidates must have been in possession of a recognisedmedical qualification for not less than three years andproduce evidence that they have been engaged, afterqualifying, for one year in full-time clinical work in a hos-pital approved by the council and for a further two yearsin the study of surgery or its allied sciences. Alterna-tively, candidates may submit themselves for examinationin one of the following subjects : obstetrics and gyneeco-logy, ophthalmology, or otorhinolaryngology. Detailsmay be had from the secretary of the Royal Facultyof Physicians and Surgeons, 242, St. Vincent Street,Glasgow, C.2.

Membership of the Royal College of Physicians ofIreland (M.R.C.P.I.) is granted on the result of anexamination, the details of which may be obtainedfrom the registrar of the college, 6, Kildare Street,Dublin. ’

Fellows are elected by ballot from among the members,and receive the designation F.R.C.P.I.

Graduates seeking the fellowship of the Royal Collegeof Surgeons in Ireland (iF.R.c.s.i.) must pass in twoexaminations, a primary in anatomy, physiology, andthe principles of pathology, and a final in surgery.Further particulars may be obtained from the registrar,the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin.The Faculty of Radiologists offers a fellowship (F.F.R.)

to medical graduates of five years’ standing who havespent at least one year in general clinical work at anapproved hospital, hold a radiological diploma, and’havppractised radiology exclusively for at least three yearsafter obtaining that diploma. Candidates are required topass an examination and submit a thesis. Candidates whohold higher medical or surgical qualifications may be exemp-ted from the examinations in general medicine, generalsurgery, or pathology. Full particulars may be obtainedfrom the warden, the Faculty of Radiologists, 45,Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, W.C<8.