university of agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine cluj-napoca, romania since 1869...
TRANSCRIPT
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Since 1869
Anti-microbial resistance – Urgent need to act in human and veterinary medicine
Wednesday, 22 April 2015 Dr. Mihai Cernea, DVM, PhD
Anti-microbial resistance is a natural evolutionary process that can be slowed, but not stopped
Limited resources of the pharmaceutical industry and evolution of resistance outruns the progress of pharmaceutical research (8-12 years for a new medicine)
Bacteria have shown the ability to become resistant to every anti-microbial that has been developed for human or animals (on average after 1-9 years after introduction)
The more anti-microbial are used, the more quickly bacteria develop resistance
It is a worldwide and complex problem; can cross international boundaries and spread between continents, with potentially catastrophic consequences of inaction
Anti-microbial resistant infections add considerable costs to the healthcare system
Worldwide, anti-microbial are commonly used on feed for food animals to prevent, control and treat diseases, but in some countries, also to promote the growth
Background of anti-microbial resistance
The current benefits of using anti-microbial in animal feed
Ensures the welfare of animals
Can be used for prevention or treatment
Reduces suffering and pain without causing additional stress (versus injection therapy)
Allows treatment of a large number of animals in a short period of time
Easy to use medicines for all species
Low cost compared with injectable treatments (price per animal treatment, the number of employees involved and time saved)
Risks and deficiences of using anti-microbial in animal feed
Homogeneity of drug in feed
Inevitable carry-over risk
Groups of animals treated with anti-microbial in feed are not (always) sufficiently homogeneous in terms of body weight
In a group, dominant animals will consume a greater amount of medicated feed
Sick animals consume a smaller amount of feed underdosing
Healthy animals consume a larger amount of feed overdosing
Using (sometimes) unjustified preventive medication in feed, instead of improving the hygiene conditions, nutrition, environmental conditions, management and biosecurity
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the European Council on the manufacture, placing on the market and use of medicated feed and repealing Council Directive 90/167/EEC
New proposals for repealing Council Directive 90/167/EEC, are necessary and useful
1.From the legal standpoint, and the risk of resistance to anti-microbial and / or antiparasitic medication, including the risk of zoonotic diseases – should not be made any difference, between the methods of prevention or therapy in animals destined for human consumption or pet animals – except withdrawal time
2.Also, medicated feed should be considered as veterinary products, with all the ensuing implications (manufacture, labeling, quality control, storage, transport, record keeping, etc.)
3.Medicated feed (anti-microbial and antiparasitic) should be used in food-producing animals and pets only under veterinary supervision and with a prescription
4.Carry-out risk – the level established must be achievable by the all producers of medicated feed
Anti-microbial and antiparasitic treatments in feed are required and can not be
replaced in terms of animal welfare, therapeutic and economic efficiency
Preventive treatments using anti-microbials and antiparasitic administred in feed
should be: prohibited, permitted or restricted ?
Prevention versus treatment
Implications if their preventive use is prohibited:
animal welfare would be significantly affected
new facilities for the isolation of diseased animals
increase of the number of diseased animals treated with injectable therapeutic doses of anti-microbials
Increasing the amount and use of injectable antimicrobial products that are more expensive compared with those used in animal feed
increased morbidity, mortality and additional stress
lower economic efficiency - current systems of intensive livestock can not have economic efficiency without preventive treatments in feed
Preventive treatments in feed ?
Implications if their preventive use is permitted:
animal welfare would not be affected for a period of time
easy to administer, without additional stress for animals, reduced number of employees involved, time saved
high economic efficiency
decrease of morbidity and mortality
risk of abusive use
animals do not necessarily require a better hygiene, nutrition, biosecurity and management
Preventive treatments in feed ?
Implications if their preventive use is restricted:
animal welfare would not be affected
must be bound to the conditions that justify preventive treatments, could be, for example:
occurrence of bacterial and/or parasitic diseases season-related illnesses (especially parasitic diseases) OR/AND transport, regrouping and relocation of animals weaning period
it is necessary to clearly specify which are the circumstances that allow the preventive use of anti-microbials and antiparasitic , otherwise there is the risk of abusive use
better hygiene, nutrition, biosecurity and management is needed
Preventive treatments in feed ?
Expectation and core actions that will help fight against anti-microbials resistance
Preventing infections and preventing the spread of resistance by responsible use of
anti-microbials and antiparasitic medication in humans and animals
Improving the use of today’s anti-microbials and antiparasitic and promoting the
development of new ones
Developing new diagnostic tests for resistant bacteria or parasites (especially)
It is necessary to implement a program of monitoring and surveillance of anti-microbials
and antiparasitic resistance in all EU Member States, concerning incidence, prevalence,
mortality, cost of resistance and data on medicines use in human and animal healthcare
Clear and mandatory programs to improve prescribing medicines in humans and animals -
in order to greatly slow down the development and spread of anti-microbials and
antiparasitic resistant infections
Better cooperation, education and communication (between pharmaceutical industry,
veterinarians, producers, researchers, owners) at national, European and international
level
Expectation and core actions that will help fight against anti-microbials resistance
“No action today, no cure tomorrow”
(World Health Organization)
Mihai CERNEA, associate professor, DVM, PhD Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Management Department University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Manastur street, no. 3-5, 400372 - Cluj-Napoca, Romania Phone: +40 264 596 384 / 186 Fax: +40 264 593 792 Mobile: +40 722 393 550 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]