university of calgary introduction to computer graphics...

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY

Introduction to Computer Graphics

CPSC 453

Faramarz Samavati

Graphics IFaramarz Samavati

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Overview of today

Course information Course information What is computer graphics? Why study graphics? Applications


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY CPSC453

Instructor :Faramarz Samavatio Office: Math Sciences (MS 630)o Office hours: MWF, 11:00 – 12:00o Phone: 210-9454o Email: [email protected] Home Page: www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~samavatio Course web page:o www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~samavati/cpsc453

TAs:o Erika Harisono Troy Alderson


o Troy Aldersono Sean Lynch

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Subjects Introduction and overview of graphics system Brief introduction to OpenGL Geometric objects and transformations Polygonal models and their data structures Viewing and projection Modeling curves and surfaces

Sh di d ill i ti


Shading and illumination Hidden line removal Ray tracing One selected lecture: either texture mapping or

Quaternions

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Text

Main : o E. Angels “Interactive Computer Graphics, A Top-Down Approach Using

OpenGL”, fifth Ed, 2009.o CPSC453 Course notes, Faramarz Samavati and Luke Olsen, 2006.o Shreiner, Neider, Woo, Davis, “Open GL Programming Guide: The Official

Guide to Learning Open GL(5/e)(recommended). Online: http://fly.cc.fer.hr/~unreal/theredbook/

Other Good texts:o P. Shirley, Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, 2009o F.S. Hill, Jr “Computer Graphics Using OpenGL”, second Ed, 2001.


o F.S. Hill, Jr Computer Graphics Using OpenGL , second Ed, 2001.o D. Hearn and M.P. Baker “Computer Graphics”, third Ed, 2004.o A. Watt “3D Computer Graphics”, third Ed, 2003 o Theoharis, et. al , Graphics & Visualization, 2008.

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Presentation style Important materials will be written on the board Slides: images + movies + highlights (it is note course note!) Slides: images + movies + highlights (it is note course note!) For each lecture the corresponding section of the text and the

course notes will be provides through the course page All slides and note are downloadable through the course page

(weekly based)


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Grading

Assignments 40%

Midterm Exam 20%

Final Exam 40%


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Computer Graphics?


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARYForm, Appearance, Behavior

ModelingModeling (form):(form):o How to represent objectsp j

RenderingRendering (appearance): (appearance): o How to add reality

AnimationAnimation (behavior):(behavior):

CPSC 453 FocusCPSC 453 Focus

Brief CoverageBrief Coverage


AnimationAnimation (behavior):(behavior):o How to move objects

Brief CoverageBrief Coverage

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARYAfter CPSC 453…

ModelingModeling (form):(form): CPSC 589CPSC 589

RenderingRendering (appearance): (appearance):

AnimationAnimation (behavior):(behavior):

CPSC 591CPSC 591

CPSC 587CPSC 587


AnimationAnimation (behavior):(behavior): CPSC 587CPSC 587

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Other CPSC Graphics Courses453 453 –– Introduction to Computer GraphicsIntroduction to Computer Graphics

587 / 687 Fundamentals of Computer Animation

589 / 689 Modelling for Computer Graphics


589 / 689 Modelling for Computer Graphics

591 / 691 Rendering

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARYwhat is this course really about?

Not ! How to use Paint and Imaging packages (Adobe Photoshop) How to use Paint and Imaging packages (Adobe Photoshop) How to use CAD packages (AutoCAD) How to use Graphics packages (3D Studio MAX, MAYA) Graphics Hardware Design Directly about API (DirectX, OpenGL, PHIGS,…)(OpenGL will

be covered in Labs) Directly about GUI (QT will be covered in Labs) We will cover:


We will cover: How to make graphics software and programs:

o Graphics programming and algorithmo Graphics objects, models and conceptso Graphics data structureso Applied geometry and modelingo Graphics fundamentals

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY A fun course but…

Prerequisites are serious Prerequisites are serious

Programming

Data structure

Linear algebra


•Computer Science 331 or 319

•Mathematics 221

•one of Mathematics 253 or

Applied Mathematics 219

Introductory calculusand geometry

Computer Graphics

Do not worry too much about your difficulties in mathematics, I can assure you that mine are still greater.

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Lectures and Labs

LECTURESGraphics objects, models and conceptsGraphics programming and algorithm

Graphics data structuresApplied geometry and modeling

Graphics fundamentals

Tutorials (LABS)OpenGL

QTReviews

Helps for assignments


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Why study graphics?

Wide range of applications Wide range of applications Cool pictures and outputs! (aesthetic appeals)

o A picture is worth a thousand words! Umm, for me also because of the blender!


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Application

Computer Graphics

Entertainment Industry

CAD/CAM Virtual Reality

Visualization

GUI Art


Publication Media

y

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY CAD (Computer aided design) Computer graphics has had a drastic impact on the

design and engineering process. o Product designo Product designo Architectural design

Starting Point of Computer Graphics (SketchPad)


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY CAD : Product designVirtual vehicle

Input: 3D digitizer 3D scanner

Output: monitor + CNC + 3D printer


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY

photorealistic buildings next-generation games

CAD : Architectural Design

next generation games.

Design Reel Autodesk


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Overview of the last lecture

Course information Course information What is computer graphics? Why study graphics? Applications

o CAD


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY This lecture

Finishing the application/motivation Finishing the application/motivation A brief introduction to graphics’ output system

o Raster displayo Frame buffero True and index coloro CRT monitor

Fl t l


o Flat panelso Stereo viewo 3D displays

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARYEntertainment Industry: Film and Game More than 50 billion dollars

annual revenue


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARYPerformance Capture


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY

Screen clipping taken: 11/09/2009, 1:14 AM


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY

Graphics Output System


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY

Graphics

Application Program Interface

(API)Application

talks to talks to

Modern Graphic Systems

pHardware

(API):Graphics Library

ApplicationProgram

Raster Image


raster display device

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARYRaster Display (discrete)

Raster display Raster displayo CRT monitorso Flat panelso Others (printers)


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Raster Display Surface

Display surface Display surface Pixel Resolution Connected to a frame buffer

1280


1024

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Frame Buffer

A region of memoryFrame buffer

A region of memory Hold all pixel values Usually on graphics card for PC Depth of frame buffer


The number of bits that are used for each pixel, determines how many colors can be represented.

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Color Channels The description of each color in frame buffer is known

as a channel RGB Colors 6 bit frame buffer 32 bit frame buffer


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Resolution Examples:Examples:

oo Bitmapped display Bitmapped display 960 x 1152 x 1b 960 x 1152 x 1b 1/8 MB1/8 MBpp p ypp p yoo NTSC TV NTSC TV 640 x 480 x 16b 640 x 480 x 16b 1/2 MB1/2 MBoo HDTVHDTV 1280 x 720 x 16b1280 x 720 x 16b 1.8 MB1.8 MBoo Color workstation Color workstation 1280 x 800 x 32b 1280 x 800 x 32b 4 MB4 MB


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Indexed Color SystemIs it possible to have a broader color spectrum witha small frame buffer?a small frame buffer?


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Indexed Color System

Alternative method of associating pixel values with Alternative method of associating pixel values with colors

Color Lookup table (LUT)


Example: set color (color-index, red-value, blue-value, green-value)

Palette The set of possible colors that the system is capable of displaying

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Number of Palettes

k: number of planes in frame buffer (bit) k: number of planes in frame buffer (bit) n: width of each row of LUT (bit) 2n possible colors (palettes) 2k colors at one time Advantages


Less cost of memory more flexibility

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Graphics’ output System

Raster displayRaster display Frame buffer True and index colorCRT monitor Flat panels


3D displays

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY CRT (Video) Monitors cathode-ray tube (CRT) In this illustration, frame buffer has 6 planes Digital-to-analog converts digital values to

actual voltages Electron gun Deflection coils divert the beams to the

proper place(x,y)


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY CRT Color Monitors

Different colors are obtained by use of different phosphor coatings


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Refreshing

The glow of a phosphor dot quickly fades

CRT image must be refreshed

Typically more than 60 times per second (60 Hz)


In each refresh interval, the entire image from frame

buffer is sent to the display surface

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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Flat–panel Display Two types of Flat-panel Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Non-emissive Needs refreshing


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Active Matrix Panel (LCD)

A net of transistors A net of transistors Brighter / no flickering


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Active Matrix Panel (Plasma)

Millions of tiny plasma (Neon, fluorescent) Bulbs (pixels)y ( ) ( ) Plasma: a gas with charged particles two panes of glass, coated with a special phosphor

material. A net of transistors to control bulbs


Screen clipping taken: 13/09/2009, 5:35 PM

UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY MIKE!!!

What does looklike the world from Mike’s view point!?


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Stereo View Mike! (Cyclopse) can not have a good sense of depth

Stereo pictures for more depth sense Stereo pictures for more depth sense

a left and a right eye views

Slightly different views


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Examples

Animated left and right picturesg p


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Creating left/right images in CG

In CG we don’t need such a complex cameras In CG, we don t need such a complex cameras Put the camera in any place (including left/right eyes) Define any path as the camera’s trajectory


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY3D Displays: Head mounted display

Stereoscopic ViewsT diff t i f (l ft d Two different views of a scene (left and right eyes)

Single viewer


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY 3D Glasses Several techniques for mixing the left and right images Anaglyph imageg yp g


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY


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UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY Advanced stereo 3D

Wireless glass for filtering left/right images Wireless glass for filtering left/right images 2 image (left/right) per frame 120HZ display:

60 HZ for refreshing left and 6o fro right


UNIVERSITY OF

CALGARY


university of calgary introduction to computer graphics...

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