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LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORYof the

University of CaliforniaLOS ALAMOS ● NEW MEXICO

Radiation Measurements of the Effluent

from the Kiwi TNT Experiment

1

Clacsificatkm

by authority

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APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


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This report was prepared as an account of Government sponsored work. Neither the United

States, nor the Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission:A. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accu-

racy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the useof any information, apparatus, method, or process dtsclosed in this report may not infringe

privately owned rights; orB. Assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the

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ployee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor, to the extent thatsuch employee or contractor of the Commission, or employee of such contractor prepares,

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All LA... MS reports are informal documents, usually prepared fora special purpose and primarily prepared for use within the Labo-ratory rather than for general distribution. This report “has not beenedited, reviewed, or verified for accuracy. All LA. . . MS reportsexpress the views of the authors as of the time they were writtenand do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Los Alamos Scien-tific Laboratory or the final opkion of the authors on the subject.

Printed in USA. Price $2.00. Available from the Clearinghouse for

Federal Scientific and Technical Information, National Bureau of Standards,United states Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia

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LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORYof the

University of CaliforniaLOS AL AMOS ● NEW MEXICO

Report written: October 1965

Report distributed: April 7, 1966

Radiation Measurements of the Effluent

from the Kiwi TNT Experiment

Work performed by: Report written by:

C. L. CuntzR. V. FultynR. W. HendersonO. W. Larson

R. W. HendersonR. V. Fultyn

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ABOUT THIS REPORT

This document contains one or more images that were scanned from oversize pages (greater than 8.5 inches by 14 inches). Printing at larger sizes is possible with suitable equipment. This official electronic version was created by scanning the best available paper or microfiche copy of the original report at a 300 dpi resolution. Original color illustrations appear as black and white images. For additional information or comments, contact: Library Without Walls Project Los Alamos National Laboratory Research Library Los Alamos, NM 87544 Phone: (505)667-4448 E-mail: [email protected]

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This report includes

cone ction of samples of,

ABSTRACT

a compilation of data re suiting from the

and direct measurements of, the effluent

cloud from the Kiwi Transient Nuclear Test experiment. Data are

presented concerning the magnitude and isotopic composition of the

airborne and ground deposited material at distances from 4, 000 feet

to 50 miles from the test point. Data from samples collected by

cascade type impactors are given. Film dosimetry radiation mess -

urements taken at the various stations are presented. A brief de-

s cription of equipment and techniques used in the reduction is in-

cluded.

An appendix gives the true distance and azimuth of each sampling

station with regard to the TNT test point. For neatness and ease of

tabulation, station locations used in this report are relative to Test

Cell C.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory would like to acknowledge

the assistance and excellent cooperation of the Radiological Sciences

Department of the Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Company, Inc. ,

in all phases of this operation.

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CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING EQUIPMENT

PROCEDURES AND RESULTS

REFERENCES

FIGURES

TABLES

APPENDIX

7

8

11

15

16

38

44

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INTRODUCTION

The Kiwi Transient Nuclear Test (TNT) was conducted by the Los

Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) at the Nuclear Rocket Develop-

ment Station (NRDS), Jackass Flats, Nevada, on January 12, 1965.

The purpose of this nuclear destruction test of a prototype nuclear

reactor engine was to furnish information for the Rover Flight Safety

Program. A primary objective of the experiment was to determine

the radiation environment re suiting from such an excursion.

A slightly modified Kiwi B4 type reactor with no previous history

was used for this test. The control mechanism was changed to allow

abnormally rapid reactivity addition in order to produce a transient.

The transient, r e suiting in -3 x 1020

fissions, as anticipated, com-

pletely destroyed the reactor. About 60 to 70 per cent of the fission

product activity was included in the effluent cloud which was carried

by 15 to 20 knot winds away from the test point. This report discusses

the radiation environment re milting from this effluent as documented

by the LASL Field Studies Group (H-8) using extensive measurements

of airborne and ground deposited fission product material.

Group H-8 brought to this experiment a backlog of procedures,

techniques, and equipment developed in the tour se of work done

during the previous testing programs in Project Rover.1-3

The highly mobile sampling capability made it possible to establish

a concentrated array of samplers in the downwind direction. The

trailer mounted units were placed in a sector between 180° and 280°

on arcs 4, 000, 8, 000, 16, 000, 32, 000, 64, 000, 128, 000, and 256, 000

feet from the test point.

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Figures 1 and 2 show the location of H-8 sampling stations used

for this test around Test Cell C. Because of the proximity of the TNT

test point to Test Cell C (approximately 65o feet northwest), station

placement beyond 4, 000 feet was on the arcs previously established for

the test cell. Figure 3 shows only those stations on the extended arcs

which were used for this test. A total of 86 complete stations were

established for the event. These stations consisted of an air sampling

trailer, a pair of resin coated trays, and a film badge.

Each air sampling unit is equipped with a 3.5 kW generator, a

high volume air sampler, and a radio receiver and decoder, This

radio equipment allows complete remote operation of the generators

and sampling equipment. A majority of the trailers were equipped with

cascade impactors and a sequential sampler. Figures 4 and 5 show a

fully equipped sampling trailer. Figure 6 shows the remote control

unit for the radio system.

DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING EQUIPMENT

High Volume Air Sampler (Figs. 7 and 8)

The high volume air sampler is a Staplex air sampler fitted with

a transition piece to accommodate a 6 x 9 inch Whatman No. 41 filter

paper. This particulate filter is backed up by a pair of organic vapor

type respirator cartridges (activated charcoal) in parallel. This

arrangement of sampling media allows for the gross separation of the

airborne material into two distinct fractions, The material collected

on the filter is assumed to be particulate and that on the charcoal

cartridges is assumed to be gaseous at the time of collection. The3

sampling rate for this system is a nominal 1 M /minute.

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Cascade Impactor (Fig. 9)

Figure 9 shows the cascade impactor being installed on the

sampling trailer. The Unico~~ design has been selected by H-8 for

field work, based on previous experience with several designs.2

Nondrying resin coated plastic slides are used for the impaction

stages and a millipore filter is used for the fifth and last stage. The

unit provides an approximation to the size distribution of the airborne

particulate as determined by their effective aerodynamic diameters.

Sequential Sampler

The sequential sampler as installed in a sampling trailer is shown

in Figs. 4 and 5. The eight sampling heads collect particulate samples

to assist in the estimation of relative cloud concentration as a function

of time. The sampling sequence is initiated by radio command but

is manually preset to sample during the total predicted time of cloud

passage. Running times per sample vary from 5 minutes on the close-

in arcs to 30 minutes on the distant arcs.

Resin Coated Trays (Fig. 10)

Samples of ground deposited activity were collected on paired

7 x 10-1 /2 inch lucite trays coated with a clear nondrying resin. The

trays were placed horizontally on stakes approximately 30 inches

above grade, as shown in Fig. 10, at all trailer locations. Lucite

trays were used to avoid previously encountered neutron activation

and to permit microscopic examination of the collected material.

Film Badges

DuPont type 544 film packets were used to measure the integral

gamma doses at all stations. This packet. contains a sensitive film

>~Union Industrial Equipment Corporation

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type 555 which indicates doses from O. 01 to 6 R and an insensitive

film type 834 which measures doses from 2 to 103 R. A 40 mil lead

strip surrounded the films so that gamma exposures could be dis-

tinguished in the presence of beta radiation. The film packet was

contained in a protective plastic wrapper for placement in the field.

Counting Equipment (Figs. 11 and 12)

Because it is desirable to obtain gross beta and gamma counts

from a large number of individual samples, including filter papers,

charcoal cartridges, and resin coated trays, a system has been

developed to provide a simultaneous count of both beta and gamma

activities. Beta counting is done by means of a 7 x 10-1/2 inch

methane gas flow proportional counter located in the top of an iron

counting shield. The gamma counting probe consists of a 10 inch

diameter by 5 inch thick plastic phosphor (Nuclear Enterprises NE 102)

coupled to five Dumont 6363 photomultiplier tubes. The probe output

is fed into a standard single channel analyzer operating in the integral

mode with the threshold set at approximately 100 keV. The me-

chanical arrangement of the components allows for variation of count-

ing geometries inside the shield. The counting positions were cali-

brated prior to the operation, using Sr-Y-90 for the beta counter and

CS-137 for the

counters (Fig.

impactors and

gamma counter. Specially designed beta proportional

13) were used to count samples collected by the cascade

sequential samplers.

Quantitative isotopic information about selected samples was

derived by use of multichannel gamma pulse height analysis. The

basic component of the system is the Radiation Instrument Develop-

ment Laboratory Model 34-12, 400 channel analyzer. The input for

the system is from a Har shaw Integral-line 3 x 2 inch thalium

10

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activated sodium iodide crystal with a Dumont 6363 photomultiplier

tube. Readout of the system is by a Mosley Autograf X-Y recorder

and Computer Measurements Corporation Printer. Provision is made

in the 3-1 / 2 inch thick steel shield for varying the counting geometry

of the sample. This allows for the highest possible counting rate and

at the same time avoids serious problems with shifts due to satura -

tion of the photomultiplier or analyzer dead-time. Figure 14 shows

the detector assembly for this system and Fig. 15 shows the entire

sy stem.

~ROCEDURES AND RESULTS

Analysis Procedures

Samples were counted and selected for further analysis according

to the procedures described in LA-3397-MS. 1 In the course of

analysis it was found that the decay of the activity on the filter papers

could best be analyzed by a method of curve matching in place of

stripping. This procedure involved modifying the decay curve of

gross fission products until the shape of the measured curve was

matched. In general the gaseous fission product activities were

subtracted from the gross fission product curve and those particulate

daughters which would not have been present when the sample was

collected. This analysis showed the material to be essentially un-

fractionated gross fission products.

The gaseous and deposited materials were analyzed using the

curve stripping techniques described in Reference 1. This analysis

indicated that the gaseous material was composed predominantly of

iodines and was not greatly different from what would be expected

from sampling a cloud of unfractionated fission products. The



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deposited activity was predominantly nonvolatile material. Iodine-1 35

was the only iodine identified in these samples.

Description of Tabulated Data

Table I shows the total dosages (pCi sec/M3) and deposition con-

centrations (~Ci/M2) with the activity corrected to the time of cloud

passage. Airborne particulate dosages are calculated from data

generated by the analysis of filter papers, and the airborne gaseous

dosages from an analysis of the charcoal cartridges, The deposited

activity per unit area was determined by assuming that the ground

deposition is the same in composition and magnitude as that collected

on the resin coated tray.

Table 11 shows the measured deposition velocities at the stations

where there was significant sample activity. Values are given for

total airborne material and airborne particulate material. The re -

ported values are of questionable significance since the deposited

activity is highly fractionated, while the airborne material is not.

Table III shows the apparent zero time composition of the material

collected by the charcoal cartridges and resin coated trays as de-

termined by curve stripping techniques. The presence of Xc-l 35 on

the cartridges is most likely due to in-growth from the 1-135, but

the point at which this growth begins is not known for certain. It

probably is ‘swept out of the cartridge during sampler operation and

is free to diffuse readily from the cartridge before packaging for

counting. Xenon-133 does not appear, because of the biasing of the

count system at about 100 keV. The presence of the Ba-La-140 on

the cartridges is not well understood, but this has been seen in other

studies of fission products released to the atmosphere.



the

the

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Table IV shows the results of the analysis of samples collected by

Unico impactors. These results were derived using the activity on

stages at count time and a calibration of the impactors for par -

ticulates with a specific gravity of 2.6. The stages of a single unit

were counted one immediately after another with a maximum spread

of about 10 minutes for an entire set. These data are presented as

an approximation to the size characteristics of the airborne par -

ticulates and should not be considered as the final estimate of the

particle size distribution of the effluent cloud. Detailed work on the

particle size distribution of the reactor fragments was carried out by4, 5

the LASL Health Division, Groups H-5 and H-8.

Calculated Cloud Effects

Tables V and VI show the results of calculations based on the

analysis of the samples collected from this experiment. The whole

body dose due to cloud passage, shown in Table V, is calculated

assuming that the station is in a semi-infinite cloud of uniform con-

centration equal to that measured at the station and extrapolated to

time of cloud passage. It is recognized that this assumption is poor

for stations within a few miles of the test point, but for the distant

stations this assumption is reasonably valid. The integral dose

measured by the film at each station is also included in Table V.

This table also lists the adult inhalation thyroid dose. These data

arise from the iodine exposure dosages measured at each station.

The following thyroid dose factors for exposure to 1 Ci sec/M3 were

used to calculate the thyroid dose.

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Table VI presents the re suits of calculations based on the analysis

of the resin coated trays. The ground deposition dose rate is cal-

culated on the assumption that the station was located on an infinite

plane with a uniform deposit of material of the same concentration as

that measured on the resin coated tray extrapolated to time of cloud

passage. The 1 year integrated deposition dose is calculated assum-

ing a clean area before the arrival of the cloud and no recontamination

during the integration period. The integration is done assuming only

the physical decay of the isotopes. One year was selected as the

integration period because of leaching and other removal processes.

Des cription of Figures

Figures 16 to 21 show isodosage and isoconcentration contours

as measured by the high volume air samplers and resin coated trays.

The cross section of the cloud is shown in Figs. 22 to 35. Shown

are the exposure dosages and ground deposition and deposition

velocities as a function of angle measured on each arc. The maxi -

mum exposure dosage measured on each arc, called the hot line, is

shown in Fig. 36 as a function of distance. Figure 37 shows the

ground deposition concentration and deposition velocity along the hot

line. The whole body dose due to cloud passage is shown in Fig. 38,

and the adult thyroid dose along the hot line is shown in Fig. 39.

Figure 40 shows the maximum dose rate due to deposition for each arc.

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REFERENCES

1. Henderson, R. W. and R. V. Fultyn, ~lRadiation Measurements

of the Effluent from the Kiwi B4D-202 and B4E-301 Reactors, “

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report LA-3397-MS (August

1965).

2. Ide, H. M. et al. , !lRadiation Mea sure ments of the Effluent

from the Kiwi B-1A, B-l B, and B-4A Reactors, ‘1 Los Alamos

Scientific Laboratory Report LAMS-2932 (April 1963).

3. Jordan, H. S. , “Radiation Measurements of the Effluent from

the Kiwi A Series of Reactors, “ Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory

Report LAMS-2588 (October 1961).

4. Campbell, E. E. et al. , “TNT Particle Study, ‘1 Los Alamos

Scientific Laboratory Report LA-3337-MS (August 1965).

(Classified)

5. Boasso, C. J., I!Kiwi Transient Nuclear Test Core Fragment

Study, “ Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report LA-3445-MS

(December 1965). (Classified)

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● ● ● **O**

c ontr 01



. . .80 ● -c ● 9a ● *9 98● 9ws= ● *● wm m.*-: ●9*8

● 9 : :9 :0.* 9*: ● *O 9 •~e ●

Fig. 7. Exploded view of high volume air sampler

transition piece, sampling head, charcoal

screen, filter paper, and retainer frame

showing pump and

cartridges, spacer

Fig. 8. Assembled view of high volume air sampler



● *O****. . .

Fig.

Fig.

● ☛ ● ☛✎ 4.. ● *. ● *, ● .

● ● **● : .0 ●0::

● 0 :● : :●

::●:* : ●:0 ● *S ● e

9. Unico impactor and r otometer during installation

10. Resin coated trays as placed in field

.“O “~ : ‘:” :“” :“*.W*9W

99*O . . ::

● :.0..0 .:9 :00 809 ..0 ● =

● 9 ● 90 .em ● ●. . . .99009 .’.. . . . . . . .---- -. “.,.

-“-- ---- .

-- ---- . . .-



. . b9. .9* 9m8 ●:o ● m● m- 9 ●

.9*9 : 9- ●

898* :*9 **O :0-0

. . . . . .89 9 ● .- ●

Fig. 11. Gross counting shield showing beta probe at top, sample

holder, and gamma probe



● 0 ● a* ● 00 ● ** #m* ● 9

w ● *W8 : .0 ●0::

● 0 :0 ● *8: ● m

● ●:- : ●:0 :*S ● 0

Fig. 12. Gross counting station showing shield, beta count electronics,

and gamma count electronics

Fig. 13. Gross beta counter specially designed for Unico impactor

samples

. . . +3 . ● 9= :.. :.*

=0 : ;.

..*9 ● * ::

. :9*.. . 8:9 :*9 ● oe ● *9 ● *

.-. .- . . .—--- -m” --

-- ---- ,,” --



● *Dee ● 9● m.,.. .9:. . . . . .:.: :9. -

● *.. :. . . . .. ● 9 ● 8* 9 ● ** . .

9* ● 9* ● W. 9*D 899 ● 9. . . . . . ..= .-

:: :.● .:0 9

I?ig. 14. Gamma pulse height analysis detector assembly showing shield,

crystal, and sample positioning mechanism

Fig. 15. Gamma pulse height analysis system showing printer, 400channel analyzer, X-Y recorder, and detector shield



270”—

1,,141***I****

)1)1****

IIBQ9 ● 9****1 ● *)):** ● :

KIWI T.NT.

DOSAGE FROM AIRBORNE PARTICULATEACTIVITY. BETA ACTIVITY CORRECTED

TO ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOUD

PASSAGE.

II

4,000’ ARC

8,000’ ARC

16,000’ ARC

32.000’ ARC

270°—

-)” IMICROCURIE SEC.tM3

210” -

103-10”

102– 103

10’-102/

//4

10°-10’ {//’/

10’-10° m

KIWI T.N.T,

DOSAGE FROM AIRBORNE GASEOUS MICROCURIEACTIVITY. GAMMA ACTIVITYCOR-RECTED TO ESTIMATED TIME OF

2103

CLOUO PASSAGE. 102-103

10’ –102

100-1o’

10’-10°

4,000’ ARC

8,000’ ARC

●● ●☛✘

16,000’ ARC ● ● ●●90090:● *

● ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎● ● ☛● O

● ☛☛☛✎☛32,000’ ARC . .● ***

,“”

SEC.IM3

tzzzz~

<

rzzz

● ✎✌✌ a,● ● *● .

● 000● O

● 9

●

●● ●☛☛

● ☛

Fig. 16. Fig. 17.



270°—

● W***

J** a:**:9* ● ****O

●✚ ●*O-*:

,39 ..*

● m● ● m

1* ● *****

10,1’ ● 9em9‘1-: . ~

,m* ● ● 9I ● **,1,1**: ● ●

KIWI

ACTIVITY ON RESIN COATED TRAYS.

BETA ACTIVITY CORRECTED TO

ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOUD PASSAGE.

270”

4,000’ ARC

8,000’ ARC

16,000’ ARC

32,000’ ARC

I&JeT.N.T.

MICROCURIES/M2

2102 m

10’-,02 lzzzzzz

100-1o’

,0-’-,0” rzzzl

162-10-’ rzzz

Fig. 18.

KIWI T.N.T.

00SAGE FROM AIRBORNE PARTICULATE

ACTIVITY. BETA ACTIVITY CORRECTED

TO ESTIMATEO TIME OF CLOUO

PASSAGE.

Fig. 19.

I

32,000’ ARC

64,000’ ARC

128,000’ARC

● ☛☛☛ 9● ** ● :● **W** ● ●

● ****: ● : ●

● ***.8 ●a:mm● ●:*A ●8 ● 8****

● ☛☛● ✌.9 *:*: ● **9

●●a**#: : .:● a 9*****

● o ● *9*

● ● :● * :SOC*:

256,000’ ARC

●

MICROCURIE SEC./M3

2,04 m

103-104

102 – 103

10’ – 102

100-1o’ rzzzIo+-loo m



● n*,.

,*.,

W*19 ●● ,1 ●

l*ae●

9

,,,0

●

9. ..**.

● *

*****C**● :

27V—

KIWI

DOSAGE FROM AIRBORNE GASEOUSACTIVITY. GAMMA ACTIVITY COR-RECTED TO ESTIMATED TIME OF

CLOUD PASSAGE.

T.N .T.

Fig. 20.

270°

32,00D’ARC

64,000’ ARC

128,000’ ARC

256,000’ ARC

1s0=

MICROCURIE SEC./M3

2102 I%zz

10’ – 102

100-10’ rnm,6’-10”Ezl

32,0001 ARC

64,000’ ARC

●● ●a*

128,000’ARC ““ “● a******● m

● ****9● .

●

:.0.0:● 0

● ****m● ● 9● *

256,000’ ARC ● mmmmm● 0

● m**

,0

KIWI T.N.T.,.

BETA ACTIVITY CORRECTED TO

ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOUDPASSAGE.

ACTIVITY ON RESIN COATEO TRAYS. MICROCURIES/M2

10’-,02 lzzzzzz

100-1o’ Izzzz

16’- d’

I&-,(? m

Fig. 21.



1.8:●

✌✎

iec,

18 *,, ,

I 1 ,00:) 109

1’ I am:.*:.0

*W

IIKIWI T,N.T.

CROSS WIND GROUND DEPOSITION

1

8 TOTAL DEPOSITION VelOCitieS

4,000’ ARC

/\ .OEPOsITONCONcENTRATIM/

+’02

16 1 1 L -2180 200 220 240 260

10

● *m*a: ● : ●9 *.*.* ●.:..

● ●:-o: ●b ● **ma*

● 00● .●.*:*: ● . . .

● ●●☛☛☛☛✚ ✚● ☛ ●O,:*:

● e ● *mO● ● :0

● ● ●9***:

AZIMUTH (“)

Fig. 22.

AZIMUTH (0)

Fig. 23.



1

,,, ,B** ●

,* ●m, ●1,, .S*S

,,, a** ●,* ●O***:

● **,), , 9***

● .* l-tI.* @

II, **C ●9 ●****:● e*

,>*.* ● **ma*, ● 911:** ● :

I I

I)10-’

KIWI T,N.T.

CROSS WIND DOSAGE 18,000’ ARC

● TOTAL

A PARTICULATE

■ GASEOUS

i

162 1180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280

‘ A’I

‘1 10’

Y’il

ECROSS WIND GROUND DEPOSITION

RTOTALOEPOSITION VELOCITIES 111/

1-8,000’ARC

● DEPOSITION CONCENTRATION

A DEPOSITION VELOCITY! II

163! IIJ

200 220 240 260

:

:

GCJ

IIJ>

z+ g

‘0 1-Z0nIdn

● ☛✎☛☛☛☛..l*.lc: . ● B**8*

● a*,*:*.*a: ●

● *U

AZIMUTH (“)

Fig. 24.

AZIMUTH (0)

Fig. 25.



● ☛☛● ☛☛☛☛☛II**:**

,..I**,

L/J,,90 ● ***G

I**], ●***-:1,1.*:.*

Il*m ● ● *

180 200 220 240 260

.

● ✌✎.* .9*9 ●

● b 9ew 99*

** . .*U*

AZIMUTH (0)

Fig, 26.

A21MUTH (q

Fig. 27.



l,,9a919

],m*

I,,***))*

,1, *1.

,.

,,, *.*●●

) ,*. *I )1 :..>*,,*

1.

● ☛☛☛☛☛.0● :

● a* ma*● *

9*8*

rI 1--1KIWI T,N.T.

CROSS WIND DOSAGE

32,000’ARC

● TOTAL

A PARTICULATE

■ GASEOUS

i

AZIMUTH (0)

Fig. 28.

4

‘i KIWI TN.T. iI

rCROSS WIND GROUND

EPOSITION a TOTALOPPOSITION VELOCITIES

32@O0’ ARC

● DEPOSITION

CONCENTRATION

A ~WjSITON VELOCITY

162 —

200 220l_i!k-1

240 260

AZIMUTH (“)

● 98****● ●** 9 ●

9* ● ● ***

● 9*****●oa9*: ● ● ●8*8*8a8a** ● ***

● ..*● **

● *9***:Oaoo:● 9 :

● ● 0 ●● ● ●*:**

● ☛☛☛☛☛ ●● ☛☛☛☛☛● 000 ● ●

Fig. 29,



1,. .

111l,llao

9

‘Il aa:I*

1,

1160

I.

!,III.*:

llm*

,) )..:

●● 9

w● a*a **t-J

●

●****:● 0

1

I

TKIWI T.N.T

CROSS WIND OOSAGE

64,000’ ARC

● TOTAL

A PARTICULATE

■ GASEOUS

4

I

1

,o.tb!!(&_9Zd 240

AZIMUTH (0)

Fig. 30.

i

—

—

1

4---

—

CROSS WIND GROUND DEPOSITION6TOTAL DEPOSITION VELOCITIES

64,000’ ARC


A DEPOSITIONvELocl_fy

I I220 230 240

● ama●●**e*:: .:● ****.●●m*e.:● 0

● :● *8**.

●●0000:● *

● .● ● :

● *

●● ● ✚

● ☛

● ☛☛☛☛●W*:*.

●●● ☛☛☛☛☛

● ☛● ☛

● ☛✎☛

●✚●☛☛✚☛✚

● *O.●●****:

AZIMUTH [0)

Fig. 31.



$),1** ●

,9 ●** ●

I,,****

,>lse*s,10 ●maa*:

● **,1** :9:*9&

●1** LA)

l), am* ●● ●a**a:● 9*

>>,** .* ****, ● ☛☛,1:** ● 9

I I

t

KIWI T,N,T.

CROSS WIND DOSAGE128,000’ ARC

● TOTALA PARTICULATE

9 GASEOUS

IF)2I J

180 190 200 210 22o 230 240 250 2G0 270 280

AZIMUTH (0)

Fig. 32.

10°

1-Z!3z0v

IFJ:

KIWI T.N.T.

CROSS WIND GROUNO CONCENTRATION

El TOTAL OPPOSITION VELOCITIES

128,000’ ARC


A DEPOSITION vELOCITY

200 210 220 230

AZIMUTH (“)

Fig, 33.

1

● 9*****

● ●** ● ●

● O ● ● *am

-1)

-20

:*9 *a:● *● ● ☛9*

● *88*9

● *● ***

● ***a,● 9*

80

..**

● *● a

● m* *ma●●



a

IKIWI T.N.T.

CROSS WINO GROUND CONCEN-

TRATION ~TOTALDEPOStTION

VELOCITIES

I

256,000’ ARC

● DEPOSITION CONCENTRATIONL I I

KIWI T. NT.

CROSS WIND DOSAGE

256,000’ARC

● TOTAL

A PARTICULATE

9 GASEOUS

p—

—

n2,,-.

\ A DEPOSITION VELOCITY -

9***

● o● **8*m

9● ● :

● a

(11

●1.

:0:● ***.*

● ☛☛☛☛●●☛✚☛☛

!1,09Ill

I (11aa

9*● .

●****:

●

●a*m*:● *●●☛☛☛✌✚

● ▼

●

,1a*:●

●☛☛✚☛✚

● ☛● ☛

● ☛✎☛

● ☛●●☛☛☛☛✚● ✘

1911

III**:●●☛☛☛☛✚

,a

●●ao:a:● 9

w ● :● 9

● *9*

9●*9**::)*9

11199:1

\

j2—

,o-l.~200—

190 200 210 220

AZIMUTH(”)

Fig. 35.

AZIMUTH(”)

Fig. 34.

. .



,,, IIS*

,8

11119

III***

11:I

#la*

I*I*

II,***●●

]) **m1 J] :-*

●●☛☛☛☛✚● ☛

● ✎☛☛✌☛✎☛ (Al●

u-l9●*a*a:● *● a...*.9

9 :

[

1-16Z

‘“&\.-1aum

KIWI T.N.T.

HOT LINE

● TOTAL AIRBORNE

A PARTICULATE

9 GASEOUS

w

E

zI

wo~ 163 +

o0

wof3monxw

164—

t I I 14 8 16 128

DISTANC; FEET X%

Fig. 36.

6

“3--~

AKIWI T.N.T.HOT LINE

● OPPOSITION CONCENTRATON

A DEPOSITION VELOCITY

1 I8 16 3Z 64 128

‘UfSTAT’JCE (FEET X K@)

Fig. 37.

● ☛☛☛☛☛

● ☛● ☛☛☛

● **a98

● *

● ☛☛☛☛●

●0:9*

●

● W=*9*



u●

la

I**

;**

●

,110:

I*●

)40

I*

,),8199:lma

I*) ,1.**

9*●.***:

● ☛● w* al**● 9

.e:aa● a

t\

t

KIWI TN.T.HOT LINE

WHOLE BODY DOSE

n 10’a LofwU)on R w4

BY FILM

CALCULATED FROMMEASURED AIRBORNECONCENTRATION

DISTANCE (FEETx 10-3)

Fig. 38.

I0’

4

102

103

Fig. 39.

ADULT INHALATION ●+THYROID DOSE

—

● ewe, m●

P● 1’”””””

9 ●

1●

●*****● ● ●*:-

● a ● m*m● Q:

● ● ●-o,:3’

8 16 32 64 128 256

DISTANCE (FEETx163)



162

j

,63

lti4’

105

I I

4 8 16 32 64 128 256

DISTANCE (FEET X 163)

Fig. 40.

“:” :37 ‘:” :“* :“.●**.9090 ● *

● **O 9099● 9 : . .

=. ●:8 .m. .99 ;.* we

. . .89 .*O ● ●

● .“. . .“.:: . . . :.:—.. - -- .-?.

--- “,, - --

----- ---



*9 ● * ● *8.8’--. s ● ●°:9 9* ● O**:0: ● *99

ri m-. ;a? *.r e = *.* , .** ‘.:

TABLE I, MEASURED DOsAGEs AND DEPOSITION CONCENTRATIONS

Dosa E, Ground

tiCi Sec/M3]

stat,.. Airborne Parhculak Alrbornc Gaaeous Total W

4, 000 n .,.

4-180

4-185

4-190

4-1954.200

4-205

4-210

4-215

4-220

4-225

4-230

4-235

4-240

4-245

4-25o

4-255

4-260

4-265

4-270

8, 000 f, arc

8-180

8-185

8-190

8-195

8-2008-205

8-210

8-215

8-220

8-2258-230

8->35

8-240

8-2458-250

8-255

8-260

8-2658-270

16, 000 ft arc

16-18o

16-190

16-200

16-210

16-220

16-230

16-240

1 b-252

16-261

16-210

32, 000 f, arc

32-194

32-206

32-219

32-228

32-245

32-25832-213

64, 000 It .,,

64-172

64-188

64-203

64-211

64-215

64-221

64-230

64-241

64-251

128, 000 f, arc

,28-180

128-190,28-20,

,28-211

128-225

128-236

128-250

128-263

128-266

1 L8-280

256, 000 ft drc

256-183

256-190

256-200

256-210256-217

256.225

256.236

256-24’0

1.4.1.6.

1.6X‘/.1.3.2.

1.0.6.0.3.1.

1.2X

2.2X

1.4.

8,3X

4.8x

4.6x

1.9X

6.8.

7.1X8.7x

1.0.

2,6x3,6.

1.6x1,1X

1.6.

2,0.4.5.

1.5X

9.3X4.2x

1.6.

2.3,

5.6x

1.8x

4.2X

6.7x

1.7X

3.9X

3.8X

3.0. 10:;1.8.1002.1 .103

6,7 x 103

1.6.102

8.3x102

2.9x L0-L

4. 8.10-1

2. 2.10-1

7.4X1O

1.8 XIO;

1.1 .104

1.8x10Z

5,5.10,

2. 2X10.,

2.8.1002.0.10

BkgdBkgdBkgd ~

8.7x103

6.2x102

l.lx LO. L

1.1X1O

Bk@

Bkgd

2.1 .10:;

7.4x1012.4.103

1.1X1021 .0.10.,

4.6 x10-L

5.6 x10-L2.1 x LO-L

1 .5x10-L

2. 0.,0

Bkgd ~4.8x10Z

7, ’! .,02

1.1 .lO.l1 .8x10-1

1 .2.10-,

2. 3.10.,,,2 .,0

Bkgd ~1,1 XIOO

8,2 X10,

1.1 .10,

3,2 x100

1.1 .102

4.3.103

1.4x10L

3.1.103

2.0 X103

1.6.103

L. 1X102

5.0.1024. 6x100

1.8 x100

4.4 ,10-1

2. 8x100

1.1.1OO

3.7x1O

5.3,10:1

6.1 .10

9.0x 10;1

I.8X1O,2.7x101

5,2x102

5.3X103

1,7.103

2.1 .1021. 2X100

4. 5x100

5.2x10L

1,4.100

1.4.101.8. 10;2

9.1 XIO.l7,1 XI O-l

4.6 .10-1

.. 4.10

2,1 .lO:Z

8. 5x100

1.6x102

2. DX10Z

1.9.102

1.6.101

7.6.1002. 7.10.1

I.5 X10.1

5.5.10

8.4x 10; ;

9. 0X1026.9.101

1. 2X100

6.6X1OBk@ -1

8.1X1O

7.3.10::1 .5X10-,

6.4x101

2.7X102

2,5 x100

3.7 x 10.,

3.1 .lOO

1.O.1OO

1.6x1o

3. 3X10;;

L,5 X100I.4X10L

5 ,2x100

2. 3.10-2

2.3 x LO-L

1 .5.10.1

2.2x L0-l

2. 4X10-,

2.1.10

Ekgd ,

l. bx loi

2.4 x LOO

6.7 X10. Z

9.9X1O%!+

Bk@BkvI

1.4.10;’2.7 X10L

2.4 x LoL8.1 x LOZ3,5 x 10L

1.1 .103

6.4x104

3, ZX 103

1.2X104

2,4.10+

1.6x103

9,4X 1035.3x103

5. 0X102

2,0 X101

7.2. !01

7.1 .lOO

9,8x101

1.4.10

5,5.10;1 ,2X100

2.5x!01

Z. 9X1014.3X102

2.5x103

5.1 .104

1.7.104

1.1X103

4.9X101

2.0.10,

2.8 X10Z

7. 0x1012.6 x100

4,2 X10,

7. 6x10.1

8.8.10

8.5 x Lo;’

3.9x1O

2,4 x10:1

2,7 x100

3,7.1036.9.103

1,8x10Z

9.8.1023.6.100

3.1 .10.,

3. 7x1001.3.10

2. 7X10:

2.0.104

1.9X102

6.2x10J

2.8 .10.1

2.8 X100

2.8X1O

7.3.10:;1.5X1O

6.4. 10;1

9,0 x1036.4x10Z

l, ZX IO.,

4.2x1O

1,0.10;1.6.10

5.3 .10:;

2,3x101

2.5x1031.7.102

1.1 .10-,

4. 8x10-1

7,1 .,0-,

4,3 x10-1

4,0 x10.14.1.10

Bkgd ~

4.9 X10L

7,6.102

1,8 ,10-,

2. 8X10.11,2.,0=,

2,3 .10.,

2.2.10

. . ..: .:. 33:w .*O. .. . . . . .=9 ...,. ● .*

● - . ●

● W ●0: 9:* ● m, 9:0 ● e

2.3,10:;

1 ,5X10.2

1,6 XJ 0-24.9 x10-l2,5 x100

1 ,8x100

7,8x102

6,6x10L3,4 X100

9.3X1O

2,8x1O;5,2.1004,4xlao

L. 3x10.1

5,6x 1o-,

1 .6.10-2

4. 8x10-2

1.1 .10.3

7,2.10

Bkgd

Bkgd

Bkgd .2

1 .0X10.2L.qxlo.l

L. OXIOO

Z, ox lo,2.1 .lOO

3.1 XI O-l

8.7 x10-L

8. 2x100

1. 4.10-,

2,2 X10-3

9.6 x10-3

9.7x1O

BkgdBkgd -3

l,oxi0.3

7,9.10

9.6x 1o:;6.9 XL0.3

8.5 X10Z

4,6 x10.1

4. 7X10-L

2. 0,10-2

b.2xlo.z

5.0. 10-5

4. 3.10-2

1.1X1O

1,3x10; ~

6.9x10L

2,8 .10-1

2.5 x Lo-l

2.0x 10. z

3. 5.10.21,2xlo

BkgdBkgd -z

2.3.10

Rkgd ~3.7.101

1 .9X10.3

6,5 x10-L

1.1X1O

Bkgd

Bk~d -3

4.0x lD.l

4.8 x100

2. 4%10-2

3,7X1O

Bkgd -14.2.10

N+

Bkgd

Bkgd

4.3x lo:;

5., ., O-l

3.8.10

Bkgd -45.2.10

Ek@

Bk@Bkgd

.

● ● 9.9 ● .*. ● m.9 . . ..-D 990=. .*-. m-

-- .---- -- “c-



1

● ✍

99 :*- .OO : .9* ●.9 .**. ..-.: ● S*● mm

● ** . ● ●**● W*● m ..0 ● ● be ● ●

. . ● . . W*9 ● -e :-c ● 9●

● *● ::. OG ● .*

● ● *● *:: ● *.Z9*

● .09 ●.*. ● ** ● m

TABLE 11. DEPO51TION VELOCITIES IN CENTIMETERS PERSECOND - KIWI TNT

Total Airborne Material Particulatestation [’z.Seous + particulate) Material

4, 000 ft arc

4-1804-1854-1904-1954-200

4-205

4-210

4-215

4-220

4-225

4-230

4-2354-2404-2454-2504-2554-2604-2654-270

8,000 [t arc

8-195B-zoo8-205B-21 08-2158-ZZO8-2258-2308-2358-2408-2458-2508-2558-2608-2658-270

16, 000 ft atc

16-18o16-19o16-20016-21o16-22016-23016-24016-25216-26116-270

32, OOOft arc

32-1q432-2;6

32-219

32-228

32-24532-25832-273

64,000 ft arc

64-20364-21164-21564-22164-23o64-241

123., 000 ft a=

128-190128-200128-21112.9-225128-236lZB-250

256, ooO ft arc

.256- 190256-2oO256-210256-217

16.0.560.0670.0600.071

16.0.122.12.80.0390.0180,0550.0830.0260,280,220, 0680,110, 051

0.0340.0440.0400.03’30.120.0280.0184.15.00.031

0.0370.23

0.120.20

0.0402.60,236,70, 0260.0200,0171,60,0120.85

4.8350.

0.150.0400.71

13.0.43

3.6

0.05816.

1.511.

1,7

1.90.140.034

59,

0.100.05

0.19

6.0.940.100.0690.0788.0.132.12.80,0420.0200.0630.0920.0280.290.240.0680.130.072

0.0910.120.0500.0440.140.0330,0215.16.10.0390.0530.23

0,260.21

0.323.80.406.90, 0290.0240.021

10.0.0201.5

7.2630.

0.160, 0450.91

13.0.60

0.06017.

5.9

5.42,00,140,037

75,

0.110.051

0.29



90

● ●**9 ● .

: .O. ●.: ● *● ** ●: 00::

W**. ● .:● O.

● ● ***.* ● *.● ** . .

● * ●0: ● ** .** ● ** .*● *

●.:. ::O::. . ●● *

Q* ●.: ●:0 :::.● .,. .

TABLE III. DECAY CURVE DATA - KIWI TNT

Airborne Gaseous Material4,000 ft arc

Isotope % at Zero Time

1-134 48.21-132 1.501-135 44.8Xe-135 3.641-133 1.78Te 1-132 0.02301-131 0.0392

Airborne Gaseous Material16, 000 to 256, ooo ft arcs

Isotope o at Zero Time

1-134 76.31-135 15.8Xe-135 5.91-133 1.80Te 1-132 0.02881-131 0.0712Ba La-140 0.0132

Airborne Gaseous Material8, 000 ft arc

Isotope o at Zero Time

1-134 81.11-135 10.6Xe-135 7.381-133 0.923Te 1-132 0.01791-131 0.0340Ba La-140 0.00640

Deposited ActivityAll Arcs

Isotope 0 at Zero Time

1-135 59.9Zr Nb-97 32.8Mo-99 6.65Ba La-140 0.554Ru-103 0.0444Zr Nb-95 0.0444

.-



● ✎

● W W*O ●** : ●=* ●.e - ● *9..ou~:....W. :ee.==

. ● ●**9* bee ●

● B* ● ●

● . .*. ● W* 9:0 :Qo :-eW::oo. ● o*

● .*w::: .8.:● ●:. ● ● ** ● *. ● *

TABLE IV. AIRBORNE PARTICLE SIZE DATA, ACTIVITY ON UNICO IMPACTOR STAGES ATCOUNT TIME (PICOCURIES) - KIWI TNT

Median GeometricDiameter Standard

Station Stage 1 Stage 2 St.2ge 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 (P) Deviation Comment

4, 000 ft arc

4-2104-2154-2204-2254-2304-2354-2404-2454-250

8, 000 ft arc

8-2108-2158-2208-225

16, 000 ft arc

16-21016-22016-23016-240

32, 000 ft arc

32-219

64,000 ft arc

64-21164-21564-221

128,000 ft arc

128-211

256,000 ft arc

256-190256-200

568134,172

11,9411,286

32, 5556,4241,7311,5851,647

3,27017,437

3,1733, 028

27,978114107125

161,930

119353

8,018

81

8861,897

695200,034

6,2812,851

9943,051

783226141

1,2532,5952, 153

568

1,306134821

8,230

167,730

765

262

6,277536

12514,537

246329

2,4791, 577

392299

77

220797275332

193153734

53,915

148694316

64

16271

530114,340

5,3662,972

7136,0401,2222, 6492,084

1,4714, 9884, 9651,102

98823

145169

23, 940

1201,515

914

219

2621,413

23,307126,641

26347,64133,43385,70418,88024,069

437

22,984131,182

4,72637,703

06

2,4171,900

23, 892

2, 23631,910

11

7,515

1,6504,191

9*. “;q :: . .● -9 9*. . .

9 ●9 :*8 ..*

.**::● *

● 9 ..9 .-m ●:. :.. . .

92~0 <lP3.8 5.4

66$ >5p86% <lp

84% <1p82% <lp88~0 <lp

2.6 6.6

80% <Ip83% <lp

1.6 7.288~0 <1p

95% >5p72% >5p897’0 <1P87% <lIJ

62% >5p

81$ <lp69% <lp84$ >5p

91% <1P

4.8 3.65570 <Ill

9. .*. ● *D ● ,● 9* ●’* ● ● ● ●O.=. ...* . ..-. . . . . -.



9*

9 ●’* : .** ● 8*9 ● * ● ●*:

98*● ● . . .

● **.:

● .:● 9.

● ● ***** ● *989* ● .

● . ●C: ●:0 ● a. . . . . .9*

●d. e::* ●:: ●● e : :

●

● 9 . . . .:O :.O● . . . ●

TABLE v, cLOUD PASSAGE EFFECTS KIWI TYT

4, 000 (t %,.

4-180 3,16 x1o:;

5,68 x 10.6

4, 90 x 10.5

1,71 .10-5

7.77 x 10.62,02 x 10.3

1,22 .10-3

8, 25 x 10~4

2.26 x 10.3

5.42 x 10-3

3.26 x LO-3

1,91 Xl O.>1 .09.10-4

9. 13.10-54.33 .10-5

1. 66x10-5

1 .53.10.62. 16x10-6

2,86x1o

-22,50 x 10VZ

2,00 .10-2

6,50 x 10mL

1 ,15x10-L

1.50 x 10-,

I.90X1 O.,

3.30.100

2.08 X10. L

?,95 .10

2.25 x 10-’2. 10X10:;I. 45x10-2

7.00 X10.2

6,00 x 10-1

1 ,30.10.2

4,00 .10-2

3,00 x 10.21.00 X10U2

<L. OOX1O

4.03 x 10;;

1 .89x10-41. 36x10-4

1,89 x10-4

5,99 ,10-5

2,o6 x 10-3

8,41 x 10-2

3,31 .10.47,78 xL0-Z

3.89 x 10-2

2.8 Bx 10-Z1 .92.10-3

9.26 x 10-38.43 x 10-4

I.78 x10.5

%10 X10.52,39 x10-5

2.07 x 10.56.16.10

4-185

4-190

4-195

4-200

4-205

4-210

4-215

4-220

4-225

4-230

4-235

4-240

4-245

4-250

4-255

4-260

4-26C

4-210

8,000 It .,.

8-180 9.96 x 10:;2,29 x10-75. 14X,0-63.50 x 10-68. 28.10-54,89 X10.49.51 x 10.33.44 X10-32.30 x10.49.15 X10.64,26 x 10-65. 73X10.41.36.10-65.63 x 10.78.93 x 10-51.70.10-71.64x101.74 X1 D:;874x1O

.1,00.10:;

.1 .00.10-2

.1 .00.10-2

.1 .00X10-2

1 .00.,0-2

3.00 x 10-11 .50x10-[

2.45 x 10-1

1.35 X1 CI-2

5.00 x 10-2

1 .00.10.2.1 .00.10.2

3.00 x 10-2.1 ,00X10-2

.I, oox lo-z

<1 ,00.10.2

<,,00.10

5,49 x 10:;

8.57 x 10-6

9.82 x 10-41 ,88X10-*

2.90 x LO. +

6.02 x 10.3

6.88 X10-2

2.17 x 10-Z

2.50x 10_3

8.61 .!0-5

5.22 x 10-5

6. 087.10.3

I. 62x10.58,34 x 10-6

1 .45.10.+1 .16x10-6

7.42 x 10-6

j:;; ; ::.6

8-1 B5

8-190

8-195

E-zoo

8-205

8-210

8-2158-220

8-225

8-230

8-2>!

8-240

8-245

8-250

8-255

8-26c

8-265

4,00, 10-28-270

16, 000 f, arc

16-180

16-190

16-200

16-2L0

16-22o

16-230

16-240

16-252

4.40 x 10:;

5,73 .10.7

7,64 x10-31 .27.10-4

3,26 X10-4

1 .70.10-5

7,93 .10-7

5. 79X10.8

7. 84.10.,

2,63x1o

.1.00.10::4.00 X10. Z

<l. OOX IO-,

3.35 x 10-2

<I. OOXIO. *<,. OOX IO-Z

<, ,00.10.2

.1.00 .[0-2

<l. oox lo-z

.1 .00.10

2.57 x1 O;;

1.11 .10_5

2.01 .10.34.55 x 10-3

2.7 BX 10.3

2.14 .10.3

1 .04.10-5

3.26 x10-6

1.91 X10.66.95XL0

16-26116-270

3,, 000 f, .,..

4.BO x 10:;3.59 x 10.3

3.79 x 10.4

1 .06x10.6

5.07 x 10.84.96 x 10-,

4.93X1O

.1,00.10:;

.l. OOX IO-,

1 ,50.10-2

.1 .00.10-2

<1.00.10

1.13.,0:;

1 ,17.10-2

1 .72x10.3

1 ,12.10.59,11 X1D.7

,,14 .10.5

1. O9X1O

32-194

32-206

32-21q

32-228

32-,45

3.-258

32-273

64, 000 [, arc

64-172

64-188

1.29 x1 O:;

2 63 x10-7

1 .14.10.4

1 .34.10-3

1.11 .10.5

1. 82x10.87.24 x 10.7

1.81 X10-7

2.92x1O

.1 ,00,

<1,00.

<1,00.

<1,00.

.1 ,00,

1.00,

.1 .00.

.1 .00.

.1 .00,

10;;

10-2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10-2

10.2

10.2

10

9.85 .10::2.01 .10.6

8.70 x 10.48,47 X10.3

7. 24x10-41 .14.10.6

4. 25x10.5

1 .39x10-5

2.23. ?0

64-20364-211

64-2L 5

(,4-221

64-230

64-24164-251

8.58.10:;3. 70.10-6

3.55 x 10-4

2.39 x 10-5

,.45 .,0-8

6.68 x 10-7

1 .0,X10-8

6.79 x 10.8

6.3 Bx 10-8

6.4BX1O

6.08 X10:;

9.40 x 10-52. ZO X10.8

3.96 x 10.8

1.51 .10.8

2. 86.10.82.63.10

.1 .00,

.1 .00 x

.1 ,00.

<1.00,

.1 ,00.

.1 .00.

.,. ’30,

.1 .00,

<1.00.

.1 .00.

I 0;;10.2

10-2

10.2

10.2

10-2

10-2

10.2

;:-2

,28-, *O

,28-,70

, ,8-200

5.24 x 10:;

2. 43x10.5

4.48 x 10-3

2.38 Y10-4

1 .36.10-7

7,93 .10-6

2,81 X10-6

3.63 x 10-6

3,92 x 10.63.5OX1O

128-236

128-250

128-263

128-266

,28-280

256, 000 it arc

256-19Q

256-20C

256-210

.l. OOX IO;;

.1 ,00.10-2

.l. OOX IO-Z

.1 .00.10.2

.1 .00X10-2

.l. OOX IO-Z

<, .00.,0

-3,.,9 .10-3

1.84x 10-4

447.10z 32.,0;:

2. 27.10-7

4.32 x ,0.7

3.97.10

256-217

256-225,56.236

,56-240

. . ● wm ● =* .@:” .m..e. m

● 9 8 **,*

● =D:. = ● !

“.: .*: .:. ●0: ●:* ●*C● ● 9*9 ● ●.: ..:

**=..==:. ● e*

. .

----- ”-..



● W● W .*9 ●=m : .’0 ●. . . 9**.. 09:: ● **,09

● **. ● ●e*

.9-99 .9* ●

● ** 9 ●

. . . . . .*9 . . . :-. ● 9●

● *● ::..* ● **

w .*.:: ●

.0.:e● ..* ●

● ** :** ● .

TABLE VI. GROUND DEPDS1TION EFFECTS - KIWI TNT

Depmsiti.n 1 Yea. IntegratedDose Rate D.p. sit<m DOS.

station [R/hr) {rads)

4 000 ft ,,.-

4-1804-1854-1904-1954-2004-2054-2104-2154-Z204-2254-2304-2354-2404-2454-2504-2554-2604-2654-270

8 000 ft arc-

8-1958-2008-2058-2108-2150-220

8-225

8-230

8-235

8-2408-2458-2508-2558-2608-2658-270

16, 000 it arc

16-18016-19016-20016-21o16-22016-23016-24o16-25216-26116-270

32, 000 ft arc

32-19432-20632-21932-22832-24532-25832-273

64, 000 it arc

64-2D364-21164-21564-22164-23064-24164-251

128,000 ft .=.

128-170128-200128-211128-225128-236128-250

256, 000 ft arc

256-183256-190256-200256-210256-217

2.85 x 10:;1.91 X10.72.03 x. 10-76.o7 x 10-63.10 xIO-52.23 x 10.59.79 x 10.38.15 x10-44.26 x 10-41 .16x10-53. 53x10-56.48 x10-55.45 x10-51 .63x10-66.96 x10-62. 00X10-75.95 Xl O-,1 ,40X10-89.01 Xlo

-71 .28X10-72.4 ZX 10-61. 27x10-52.57 x LO-42.63 x 10-53.94 x 10-51 ,09x10-51 .03x10-51 ,75x10-62.7’9x1O1,21 ~lo:;1,21X1O

-81.26 x10-89.92x1O

1.19 x10~:

8,69 x 10-7I. 06x10-35.71 x 10-65.85 x 10-62.49 x 10-77.79 x 10.7

::;; ;:.10

1 .38x10-7

-6I. 68x10-58.56 x10V43. 55X10-63,0 Bx 10.6?.,52 x10-74.35 x 10-,1.54X1O

2.87 x 10-7

4.64 x 10j;2,33 x10-88.07 x 10-61.33x1O

5,01 .10:;5.97 x 10.52,96 x10-74.58x1O

5.26 x10-1

5,36 x10:~6.32 x 10-64.79X1O

6.50 x LO-9

-66,96 x10-64. 66x10.64,95 X10-51 .48x10-57,56 x10-45,44 x10-32.39 xlOb L1. 99.10-21 ,04x10-32. 84x10-48.61 x 10-31.58 xL0.31.33 xL0-43.97 x 10-41. 70x10-54.86 x 10-51 .45x10-63.42 x 10-62.2OX1O

-63.13 XIOV65,91 X10-53. 10x10-46,26 x10.36,42 x10-4

9.61 X 10.42.65 x 10-42.51 x 10-44,27 x 10-56.82 x 10-6Z.94 X10.62.95x10

3.o6x1O;;2.42x1O

2,92 x1 O;;2,12 X10-62,59 x10-L1 ,40x10.41 ,43x10-56.10 X10-51 .90X10-51 .52x10-81.31 X10-63.38x1O

4.14 x10~;2.10 X10-38.71 X10-57. 56x10-56.19 x10V51.07 x10-63.19x10

7,12x1O-6

1,15 x1 O;;5,71 x10-62.00 x 10-53,28x1O

-61 .26x10-41 ,50x10-47.45x 10e51.15X1O

I,33X10L

1.4 OXIO; :1 .65x10-41,25x1O

1.69x1O-7

9*43 ● 9D ● 9. . .9“* ● 9 ● 9. :6 :***. . . . ● *9 :0::● O 9:0 :Oe ● om● 00 .*

● D 99* ● *a ● ●●** ● ●*.:: :.*: .:

--- ---.



● e● ●**

● ** ,*: .*.

● ● ..*. . . ●

●:::

● .m. ● . .8 so:

● ****. ● **● 99 . .

● * ●*: ● ** ● .* . .. ● *9. ●● **. ●: :.

●

● . . :● * ●

:co ●.: .:O :*

● ●:O ●

APPENDIX

STATION LOCATIONS

For neatness and ease of tabulation in the body of this report

station locations have been given in reference to Test Cell C, for

which they were e stablisheci. The following table shows the location

of the sampling stations on the 4, 000, 8, 000, and 16, 000 foot arcs

in relation to the TNT test point. The test point was located N 28° W

at 600 feet from Test Cell C. The location of the stations on the

32, 000 foot arc and beyond are not known precisely enough to make

worthwhile any calculations of exact position in relation to the test

point.

.“: ““: “:44 : “;” :O.● . . .●..:=*.: ●,.9 ..* ..: .:0 ● ** ● ** ● 9

. . 99. 9 ●9: ..:.= ...-.: -.e



● 9● D ● *. •~m: .ma ●● *- ● e*..w m.: ● O*.O-:. O ● ● ●**.0-● - .** ● 9** ● ●

. . ● *. ● 00 ●:9 :09 ● -● *9:: ..0 .**

9 ● *● ::: .*

● :● ●:O ●

● *O ● ** ● *

TABLE A-I. SAMPLER LOCATIONS - KIWI TNT

TNT Location TNT Location

Test Cell C Distance Azimuth(a) Test Cell C ~Distance

Location (ft) (0) Location (ft) (o)

4, 000 ft arc

4-180

4-185

4-190

4-195

4-200

4-205

4-210

4-215

4-220

4-225

4-230

4-235

4-240

4-245

4-250

4-255

4-260

4-265

4-270

8, 000 ft arc

8-180

8-185

8-190

8-195

8-200

8-205

4, 540

4, 520

4, 490

4, 46o

4, 420

4, 390

4, 350

4,310

4, 26o

4, 220

4, 170

4, 120

4, 060

4, 010

3, 960

3,910

3, 860

3, 800

3, 760

8, 530

8, 510

8, 48o

8, 450

8, 410

8, 370

176

181

186

190

194

199203

208

212

217

222

226

231

236

241

246

251

256

262

178

183

188

192

198

202

8-2108-2158-2208-2258-2308-2358-2408-2458-2508-2558-2608-2658-270

16, 000 ft arc

16-18016-19016-20016-21016-22016-23016-24016-25216-26116-270

8, 3308, 2908, 24o8, 2008, 1508, 1008, 0407, 9807, 9407, 8907, 8407, 7907, 740

16, 50017, 80018, 80018,00017,70019,10016, 00015, 90016, 80014, 400

207212216222226231236241246251256261266

179188198

209219

228

237

249

258267

(a) North = O

.:.4$ .;. ;.. ● .●“*. ● 9● .. : ● O ● * ::. . . . ● *

● * ● =* ● =* . . . :.. . .● ☛ ✎ ✎ ✎ ● *9 9 ●. . . .*. . ●e*----- :.:. . -- ._.

—-.-



university of california · 11 15 16 38 44. 8*-.*. ... a majority of the trailers were equipped...

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university of california · 11 15 16 38 44. 8-.. ... a majority of the trailers were equipped...