university of wisconsin – madison school of … dimfb=78-108 for fdat>-473 dim>108 abdat=0\l...

$: University of Wisconsin – Madison School of … DIMFB=78-108 FOR FDAT>-473 DIM>108 ABDAT=0\L For a herd with a VWP of 78 days. University of Wisconsin – Madison School of Veterinary$
University of Wisconsin – Madison School of Veterinary Medicine

Department of Medical Sciences Food Animal Production Medicine Section

Advancing animal and human health with science and compassion

www.vetmed.wisc.edu/dms/fapm 1

DAIRYCOWFERTILITYRECORDSANDANALYSISINDC305NigelB.CookMRCVSProfessorinFoodAnimalProductionMedicineBasicRecordsForanycardbasedorcomputerrecordsystem,werequiresomebasiceventinformationsothatactionlistsofcowscanbeproducedandanalysisofdatacanbeperformed.UsingDairyComp305terminologyeventsthatshouldberecordedinclude:FRESH Calvingevent,butnotreadytobreedHEAT HeateventBRED Service/Breedingevents.EntersireandtechnicianidPREG PregnancyeventOPEN OpeneventDRY DryoffeventOK OKtobreedeventABORT Abortevent.Ifdayscarriedcalf(DCC)is>152,newlactationstarts.IfDCC<152thecow

remainsinhercurrentlactationandreprostatusisrequested:RC=2Fresh,3OKor4Bred.

DNB Donotbreedevent.Otherdatathatmayalsobestoredincludinghealthanddiseaseevents;eg.ASSIST,RFM,METRITIS,CYST,MF,KETOSIS,MASTITIS,LAME,etc…AssessingaHerdReproductiveProgramInordertoperformasystematicassessmentofadairyherd’sreproductiveprogramweneedtoanalyzetheavailabledatainlightofthebreedingchoicesbeingmadeonthefarm.Keyquestionsthatneedtobeansweredinclude:Istheherdseasonalorall-yearroundcalving?DoestheherduseTAIoranaturalservicebull?Whatisthevoluntarywaitingperiod?Whatbreedingprogram(s)is/areusedforfirstbreeding?Whatbreedingprogram(s)is/areusedforrepeatbreedings?Whobreedsthecows,whereandwhen?Answerstothesequestionscanbeobtainedfromthefarm,butmostcanalsobeansweredbyusingdairyrecordsystemssuchasDC305.Inthisexercise,wewilluseDC305commandstohighlightthekeyquestionsthatneedtobeansweredandmakecomparisonswithDHIAreports.





DairyComp305FertilityCommandsandDHIAHerdSummaryGuideDC305Command DHIA

ReportQuestion Target

EGRAPHBREDBYLCTGP\N1S

BlockMandBlockI

WhatistheVWP? 50-80days

BREDSUM\XBO Whichsynchprogramsarebeingusedforfirstandrepeatbreedings?

BREDSUM\E BlockL WhatistheServiceRate? >65%WhatisthePregnancyRate? >20%WhatisthePregnancyLossRate? <10%

BREDSUM\ER BlockJ Whatisthe1stcyclePregnancyRate?

>40%

NA Whatproportionoftheherdispregnantby150DIM?

>70%

NA Whatproportionoftheherdispregnantby300DIM

>90%

BREDSUM\O NA Whatistheconceptionratetostandingheat?

>35%

NA Whatistheconceptionratetothe1stbreedingsynchprogram(s)?

>35%

NA Whatistheconceptionratetotherepeatbreedingsynchprogram(s)?

>30%

BREDSUM\XOT NA Aretheresignificanttechnicianrelatedconceptionfailures?

BREDSUM\CorBREDSUM\R

NA Whatisthedifferenceinconceptionratebetweenspringandsummer?

<6points

BREDSUM\I BlockI Whatproportionoftotalrepeatbreedingsareat4-17days?

<8%

BREDSUMBYLCTGP\Y

BlockI Whataretheconceptionratesbyparity?

Lact=050%

BREDSUMBYLCTGP

Lact=140%Lact=235%Lact>230%





GettingStartedinDC305Runthecommand:

SUMDIMDOPNBRED1TBRDFORLACT>0Thiswillgivethenumberofcowsintheherd,theaverageDIM,DOPN,BRED1andTBRDforallcows.IfyouaddRC=5-6totheFORcommandyouwillseetheaveragesforonlypregnantcows.Notethedifference!Youwillneedthefollowingitems–whichareusuallyalreadypresentinthesystem:DIMFB(BRED1,1BRED,DT1B)type:71dimuptoeventevent:BREDwhichevent:1(first)description:dimatfirstbreedingDOPNtype:49dateminusdateevent1:CDATevent2:FDATdescription:daysfromcalvingtoconceptionCDATtype:18datesdescription:conceptiondateifpregnantTBRDtype:10-255description:timesbredDoestheherdneedtoimprovefertility?WhatarethetargetsforDIMFB,averageDIMandDOPN?Howusefularethesemeasuresinsmallandlargeherds?Anumberofreportscanberuntocheckdataforinconsistenciesandherdperformance.

GRAPHMILKBYDIMTBRDFORRC=2-3DIM>59





Thisgraphallowsustoexaminetheherdforbreedingefficiency,distributionofDNBs,andtheperformanceofhighproductioncows.

LISTIDPENDSLHFORLACT>0RC=4DSLH>30DOWNBYDSLH\PUCreatesalistofcows>30dayssincelastbreedingthathavenotbeenre-bred.Individualcowcardsmaybeviewedoffthislisttodeterminethehistoryofbreeding.Variationinbreedingoutcomesovertimecanbeevaluatedusingthecommand: GRAPHBRED\R





Clickingonthecolorcodeinthelegendwillallowyoutoswitchoffcertainchoices(eg.open)andtrackconceptionrisk,abortionandpregnancyovertime.Assumingthedataisaccurateandyouarecomfortablewiththeinformationavailable,continuewiththeanalysis.

1. VoluntaryWaitingPeriodTheVoluntaryWaitingPeriod(VWP)istheperiodaftercalvingduringwhichafarmchoosesnottobreedacow,evenifsheisobservedinheat.TheVWPtypicallyrangesfrom50to80dayswithatrendtowardlongerperiodswithorganizedsynchprogramsthatdeliverimprovedconceptionratesatfirstbreeding.ItisimportanttomakeacorrectassessmentoftheVWPbecauseitisinvolvedinthecalculationofsomeoftheotherimportantmetricsweuseonfarms;namelypregnancyrateandservicerate.Whilenoformaldefinitionisused,Isuggestusingthe95thpercentileoftheDIMatfirstbreedingastheVWP.Thismeansthatweignore5%ofthe‘early’breedingsthatmaybemadeinerrororasanexceptiononanygivenfarm.ThecalculationcanbemadebyfilingoutalistofcowsandtheirDIMatfirstbreedingintoExcel,orabestguesscanbemadebyviewingascatterplotusingthecommand:EGRAPHBREDBYLCTGP\N1S





Theherdaboveisa2000cowdairyusingapresynchTAIprogramforthemajorityofthebreedings,buttherearesomebreedingsthatdonotfitwiththeTAIprogram.ThefirstdayoftheTAIisday78inthisherdandtherearefewerthan5%ofbreedingslessthanthisintervalaftercalving,sothismaybeusedastheVWPinthisherd.Colorcodesrepresentparity(lctgp)groups.Alternativecommandsthatyieldsimilargraphsare:GRAPH DIMFB BY DIM LCTGP





GRAPH DIMFB FOR DIMFB>0 LACT>0 \H

GRAPHBREDBYDIM\SN1Deliversthescatterplot(\S)ofthefirstbreedingDIM(switchN1).SwitchN2wouldgivetheplotofthesecondbreedingetc.GRAPHBREDBYDIM\W1N1Deliversthehistogram(\W1)inonedayincrementsforfirstbreedingDIM.Thepatternofthesescatterplotsisverycharacteristicofthesynchprogrambeingusedandyouwillneedtolearnhowbreedingtoheat(‘cherry-picking’)andTAIpatternsfitwitheachsynchprogram.Currentlythereareseveraloptionsforpre-synchronizationtofirstbreedingbeingusedindairyherdsandsomeofthesearesummarizedbelow:





Notethedifferencesinthenumberofshotsbetweentheprogramsandthetimingoftheseshotsfromfirsttolast.Thiswillimpactwhencowscomeinheatnaturallyandwhentheymaybe‘cherry-picked’.Thetablebelowsummarizesthelengthoftimeoftheprogram,thestageoftheestrouscyclethatthecowsareinatthestartoftheOvSynchprogramandtheexpectedconceptionratetofirstbreeding(estimated).

Pre-synchronizationProgram

NumberofShots

DaysfromOnsetto

TAI

StartDIMforTAIat75

DIM

StageofEstrousCycleatstartofOvsynch(Target5-9days)

EstimatedConception

RatePresynch-14 5 38 37 9-14 35Presynch-12 5 36 39 7-12 35Presynch-11 5 35 40 6-11 38Presynch-10 5 34 41 5-10 38DoubleOvsynch 6 27 48 5-6 40PG-3-G 5 20 55 5-6 40G-6-G 5 18 57 4-5 40

Whateverbreedingprogramischosen,themostimportantconsiderationistomakesurethatsufficientanimalsarebredwithinacertainwindowoftime.ForherdsthatarebredsolelythroughTAI,thenwewouldliketosee>90%ofcowsbredby7days(ifweeklysynchprogram,14ifevery2weeks)+DIMrangeforfirstbreedingeg70-77,ie77+7=84DIM.ForherdsusingacombinationofestrusdetectionandTAI,thenthetargetistosee>90%ofcowsbredbyVWP+30days.Trythecommand:PCTDIMFB=78-108FORFDAT>-473DIM>108ABDAT=0\LForaherdwithaVWPof78days.





Thiscommandaccessesarchivedcowsandmultiplelactationsandexcludescowsthathaveabortedandstartednewlactations.InDC305informationonthetypeofsynchprogrambeingusedforfirstandrepeatbreedingscanbeaccessedusingthecommand:BREDSUM\XBO

Thiscrosstableshowswhichprogramisbeingused(yaxis)atwhichbreeding(xaxis).Lookatthe‘count’sectionfortheabovetable.Underbreeding‘1’1263breedingswereperformedbyPRESYNCHand494byDOUBLEOV.1263/1952=65%offirstbreedingswereperformedtoPRESYNCH.AsimilaranalysiscanbedoneforrepeatbreedingswhereCHAULKandOVSYNCHarethemainprogramsbeingused.Atbreeding‘2’,240/1241=19%wereperformedtoCHAULK,while623/1241=50%wereperformedtoOVSYNCH.

2. PregnancyRateandServiceRate

95% CI Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11==================== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======

CHAULK 29-35 19-39 31-43 23-36 27-42 23-39 16-35 - - - - -PRESYNCH 32-37 32-37 - - - - - - - - - -OVSYNCH 28-32 23-44 27-34 27-35 28-37 24-36 21-36 18-37 - - - -

2xps 30-44 - 28-42 - - - - - - - - -DOUBLEOV 39-48 39-48 - - - - - - - - - -

2xdo 26-40 - 26-41 - - - - - - - - -Treated Pens 12-26 - - - - - - - - - - -

p1 - - - - - - - - - - - -POSTBREED - - - - - - - - - - - -

TOTALS 31-34 34-38 29-35 27-34 29-37 25-34 21-33 23-39 10-28 - - -Percent

CHAULK 32 28 37 29 34 30 24 PRESYNCH 34 34 OVSYNCH 30 33 30 31 33 30 28 26

2xps 37 35 DOUBLEOV 43 44

2xdo 32 33 Treated Pens 18

p1 POSTBREED

TOTALS 33 36 32 31 33 29 26 30 18 Count

CHAULK 920 82 240 182 142 112 71 35 23 19 10 4PRESYNCH 1267 1263 3 1 OVSYNCH 2108 70 623 567 363 199 125 87 42 20 9 3

2xps 180 1 169 8 2 DOUBLEOV 496 494 1 1

2xdo 173 169 3 1 Treated Pens 126 33 33 26 11 12 4 6 1

p1 8 7 1 POSTBREED 12 2 2 3 2 1 1 1

TOTALS 5290 1952 1241 790 519 325 200 129 68 40 19 7Pregnant

CHAULK 292 23 89 53 48 34 17 12 6 3 5 2PRESYNCH 436 435 1 OVSYNCH 633 23 188 176 118 59 35 23 6 2 3

2xps 67 59 7 1 DOUBLEOV 215 215

2xdo 56 56 Treated Pens 23 6 3 5 4 1 1 3

p1 3 2 1 POSTBREED 3 2 1

TOTALS 1728 706 397 241 170 95 53 39 12 5 8 2





Thetoplevelmonitorsthatdairyherdstypicallyusetodeterminethesuccessoftheirreproductiveprogramsarepregnancyrate(risk)andservicerate(risk).InDC305thesenumbersareobtainedusingtheBREDSUMcommand.ForallBREDSUMcommandstheVWPissetto50daysunlessitischanged,soitisimportanttoresetthistotheherd’sVWP.ByenteringBREDSUM\Vyoucanmakethischangeforallcommands,oryoucanusetheswitch\VontheendofthecommandandentertheVWPforeachcommand.ThedefaulttimeperiodforallBREDSUMcommandsis365daysforallcowsincludingdeadcows.Thecommand:BREDSUM\E(BREDSUM\EV60forexampleiftheVWPis60days)Createsa21dayheattrialandcalculatestheServiceRateandPregnancyRateforthelast365days.Theadditionof\Dallowstheselectionofadifferenttimerange.Itisusefultoseeifhistoricproblemsarecontinuingtoberecentproblemsbylimitingdatatothelast90dayseg.\D90,butmakesurethereissufficientdatatomakeanassessment.AddingD700allowsustolookat2yearsworthofdataifthearchivefileisaccessible.NotethatintheBREDSUMcommand,switch\Ausesallbreedings(bothTAIandnatural)whereasthedefaultisonlyTAI.‘BrEligible’countsthecowsthatareeligibletobebredineach21dayperiod.EligibilityisdeterminedbybeingDIM>VWP,notlabeledDNB(donotbreed),andnotbeingpregnant.Thecowmustalsobepresentforatleast11daysofthecycletobeeligiblefortheentirecycle.Thus,acowleavingtheherdonday10ofthecyclewouldnotbeeligible,whileacowleavingtheherdonday12wouldbeeligibletobebred.‘Bred’isthenumberofcowsthatwerebredand‘PCT’istheServiceRate(InseminationRisk,SubmissionRate).‘PgEligible’countsthecowsthatareeligibletobecomepregnantineach21dayperiod.ItissimilartoBrEligible,butexcludescowssoldbeforepregnancydiagnosisandrequiresthatcowsbeintheherdacertain#daysafterbreeding.TheDC305defaultis35days.‘Preg’isthenumberofcowsthatwerediagnosedpregnantand‘PCT’isthePregnancyRate(Risk).





The‘Aborts’columncountsthenumberofpregnancieslost(cowsre-bredafterconfirmedpregnancyorabortevents).NotethatDC305adjuststhePregcountaspregnancylossoccurs,allowingthePregnancyRatecalculationtodropaspregnancylossincreases.TheannualaveragePregnancyRateandServiceRatefortheaboveherdare19%and60%respectively–fromtheTOTALlineatthebottomofthetable.Suitabletargetswouldbe>20%and>65%.TocalculatetheherdPregnancyLoss,dividethetotalabortsbythesumofthePregandAbortscolumnseg:120/1244+120=9%.Aimfor<10%.Thesamecommanddeliversagraphicpresentationwith95%CIforPregnancyRate.Switch\Ausesallbreedings(bothTAIandnatural)whereasthedefaultisonlyTAI.AddingD700allowsustolookattwoyearsofdataifthearchivefileisaccessible.Variationininseminationriskandpregnancyrateovertimecanbeevaluatedfromthisgraph.Thesimilarcommand:BREDSUM\ER(BREDSUM\ERV60foraVWPof60days)Createsasurvivalcurveanda21dayheattrialstartingwiththeVWPusingthegraphtab:

Date Br Elig Bred Pct Pg Elig Preg Pct Aborts======== ======= ==== === ======= ==== === ======1/16/10 380 241 63 370 69 19 102/06/10 384 231 60 376 91 24 92/27/10 382 240 63 372 88 24 103/20/10 373 231 62 365 92 25 164/10/10 365 193 53 359 63 18 75/01/10 386 270 70 381 92 24 105/22/10 397 227 57 392 62 16 66/12/10 406 249 61 400 65 16 57/03/10 427 258 60 416 73 18 87/24/10 440 258 59 436 66 15 88/14/10 460 287 62 446 64 14 59/04/10 466 267 57 456 82 18 119/25/10 457 289 63 454 90 20 6

10/16/10 480 288 60 473 86 18 811/06/10 485 278 57 476 84 18 111/27/10 481 284 59 472 77 16 012/18/10 496 288 58 0 0 0 0 ???? Preg Stat1/08/11 395 327 83 0 0 0 0 ???? Preg Stat

-------- ------- ---- --- ------- ---- --- ------Total 6769 4091 60 6644 1244 19 120

Wait Period 78





ThegreencolumnsrepresentthePregnancyRate,theredcolumnistheServiceRateandtheblacklineisthesurvivalcurvemeasuringtheproportionoftheherdstillopenaftereachcycle.Targetstolookatonthegraphare:Firstcycleservicerate>90%Firstcyclepregnancyrate>35%Morethan50%ofthecowspregnantby100DIMMorethan70%ofthecowspregnantby150DIMMorethan90%ofthecowspregnantby300DIM

3. ConceptionRateTheBREDSUMcommandprovidesananalysisofconceptionrate(risk)usingmultipleswitchoptions.ProbablythemostimportantconceptionrateinformationistheratetoeachSYNCHprogramincomparisontoSTANDINGHEAT.BREDSUM\OBredsumbybreedingcode(\O)givestheconceptionrateanalysisforallbreedingsbythecodesenteredbytheherd.Amoredetailedanalysisofbreedingcodebybreedingnumber(\XBO)canalsobeuseful(seeprevious).





Allconceptionratetablesarelaidoutthesameway.%Concistheconceptionrate,SPCistheServicesperConceptionand95%CIareprovidedforstatisticalcomparison.DC305usesknownoutcomestocalculatetheconceptionrate–thusitincludespregnantandnon-pregnantcowsintheanalysis.Thus,forCHAULKbreedingsinthetableabove:Totalisthetotal#ofbreedings(945),#Pregisthenumberofpregnanciesobtained(292),#OpenisthenumberoffailuresandAbortisthenumberofabortionsorpregnancylossestothosebreedings.Otherisusedwhentheoutcomewasnotdetermined(eg.thecowlefttheherdbeforebeingbredagainorbeingdeclaredpregnantoropen).Theconceptionrateisthereforethe#pregnanciescreated/#breedingswithaknownoutcome,ie.292/945-24=32%.Notethatinitscalculationofconceptionrate,DC305doesnotsubtractthepregnanciesthatarelostfromthetotalcreatedincontrasttothemethoditusestocalculatepregnancyrate,wheretheprogramsubtractsthepregnancieslost.Breedingtostandingheatshouldprovideaconceptionrate>35%inmostherds.OvSynchaloneshouldaverage>30%forrepeatbreedings.NotethatDHIAusesadifferentpopulationtocalculateconceptionrate.Itonlyconsidersbreedingsincowsthatarepregnant.Conceptionratesaretypically10pointshigherusingthismethodology.Thenextstepinconceptionrateanalysisistoassesstheperformanceofthetechniciansusingthecommand:BREDSUM\XOTThiscrosstableanalysestheconceptionrateachievedbyeachbreederbybreedingcode.

Breeding Code 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ====2xdo 26-40 32 56 117 2 11 175 3 3.12xps 30-44 37 67 113 3 9 183 3 2.7CHAULK 29-35 32 292 629 24 24 945 17 3.2DOUBLEOV 39-48 43 215 281 9 29 505 9 2.3p1 14-69 38 3 5 0 1 8 0 2.7POSTBREED 9-53 25 3 9 0 0 12 0 4.0OVSYNCH 28-32 30 634 1476 77 54 2187 40 3.3PRESYNCH 32-37 34 436 831 22 50 1289 24 2.9Treated Pens 12-26 18 23 104 32 1 159 3 5.5TOTALS 31-34 33 1729 3565 169 179 5463 100 3.1





Intheabovetable,underthe‘Count’section,SteveKandDennisHarethemostimportantbreederswithmorethan1000breedingseach.Underthe‘Percent’section,theconceptionrateforeachbreederisgivenanddifferencescanbetestedforsignificanceusingthe95%CI(confidenceinterval)section.Inthiscase,theconceptionratesaresimilarat33%and34%.Iftheyweresignificantlydifferent,therewouldbenooverlapintheir95%CIrangesandthenextstepwouldbetocompareconceptionratebybreedingcodeforeachbreederusingstandingheat(orCHAULK)andthefirstbreedingTAI(eg.PRESYNCH)asstandardstodeterminewhethertechniqueistheissue,orwhetherheatdetectionandcowselectionforbreedingistheissue.Thenextmostcommonreasonforpoorconceptionrateinourclimateisheatstress.BREDSUM\C(orBREDSUM\R)Conceptionratebycalendarmonthallowsustoexaminethedropinconceptionrateduringthesummermonths.ComparetheaveragerateforAprilMayandJunewiththatforJuly,AugustandSeptemberandlookfornogreaterthana6pointdrop.Significantdropsinconceptionrateduringthesummerwouldsuggestthatheatabatementfactorsmayneedcloserexamination.

95% CI Total CHAULK PRESYN OVSYNC 2xps DOUBLE 2xdo Treate p1 POSTBR==================== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======

STEVE K 31-34 29-39 30-36 29-33 28-50 38-49 28-47 13-29 - -DENNIS H 31-36 28-36 34-46 25-34 28-48 37-54 20-42 - - -

zack 18-31 15-37 - 14-33 - - - - - -CASEY 20-36 - - - - - - - - -OTHERS - - - - - - - - - -TOTALS 31-34 29-35 32-37 28-32 30-44 39-48 26-40 12-26 - -

PercentSTEVE K 33 34 33 31 39 43 37 20 DENNIS H 34 32 40 30 38 45 30

zack 24 24 22 CASEY 27 OTHERS TOTALS 33 32 34 30 37 43 32 18

CountSTEVE K 3622 391 960 1651 75 341 95 97 1 11DENNIS H 1381 443 245 376 90 129 64 26 7 1

zack 169 54 31 64 3 12 3 2 CASEY 118 33 31 19 10 14 9 2 OTHERS 4 2 2 TOTALS 5294 921 1267 2110 180 496 173 127 8 12

PregnantSTEVE K 1190 132 315 508 29 148 35 19 1 3DENNIS H 466 141 97 111 34 58 19 4 2

zack 41 13 9 14 5 CASEY 32 6 15 1 4 4 2 OTHERS TOTALS 1729 292 436 634 67 215 56 23 3 3





Theaccuracyofheatdetection(whetherornotacowistrulyinheatwhensheisbred)canbeexaminedusingthecommand:BREDSUM\ITheintervalanalysisallowsustoexaminetheproportionofrepeatbreedingsthataretooshort(4-17days)andcorrect(18-24days)andtheconceptionratetothosebreedings.

The%Totcolumnofthetablegivesthedistributionofrepeatbreedingsforintervals0-3,4-17,18-24,25-35,36-48andover48days.Rememberthattheaverageheatcycleinhighproducingdairycowsistypically23dayswitharangefrom18to27days.

Month 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ====January 30-40 35 136 252 19 12 407 7 2.9February 37-46 41 156 221 11 20 388 7 2.4March 34-44 39 154 240 15 25 409 7 2.6April 33-43 38 154 254 13 21 421 8 2.6May 29-37 33 155 320 8 17 483 9 3.1June 27-37 32 117 253 12 12 382 7 3.2July 25-33 29 147 368 14 17 529 10 3.5August 21-29 25 100 303 17 7 420 8 4.0September 28-36 32 163 350 18 26 531 10 3.1October 26-34 30 143 331 9 12 483 9 3.3November 27-35 31 137 305 11 3 453 8 3.2December 27-35 31 167 368 22 7 557 10 3.2TOTALS 31-34 33 1729 3565 169 179 5463 100 3.1

Heat Interval 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ====

1 - 3 days 19-81 50 3 3 0 0 6 0 2.04 - 17 days 9-27 16 10 53 0 3 63 2 6.318 - 24 days 31-40 35 165 302 11 16 478 14 2.825 - 35 days 27-38 32 96 202 8 3 306 9 3.136 - 48 days 27-31 29 653 1592 93 59 2338 67 3.4Over 48 days 31-42 36 97 169 14 15 280 8 2.7

TOTALS 29-32 31 1024 2321 126 96 3471 100 3.3

Average days to first heat is 81Average days to first bred is 81Average days to conception is 139Average calving interval is 413





Accurateheatdetectionmeansthatcowsarebeingbredwhentheyareactuallyinheat.Accuracyshouldbe90%orgreaterandherdsthatbreedahighpercentageofcowsthataretrulyinheattypicallyhavefewerthan8%ofthetotalnumberofrepeatbreedingsat4-17days.Itiscommontofind12%ormoreofrepeatbreedingswithinthiswindow.InheavyOvSynchherds,theshortintervalbreedingsoftenoccurafteraTAIandtheconceptionrateisoftenquitegood.Theserepresentcowsthatfailedtosynchronizetotheshotsandshotcomplianceshouldbequestionediftherearetoomanyofthesebreedings.Inherdswhere‘everyonedetectsheat’cowsthatareshowingsecondarysignsofheatatthepeakofthesecondfollicularwavemid-cyclemaybegettingbred,witharesultingpoorconceptionrate.Thesecowsthenshowstrongsignsofheat10-14dayslater,atthetrueheat,andachieveagoodconceptionrate.Toomanyshortintervalbreedingsinthisscenariowouldsuggestthatheatdetectionshouldbehandledbyoneortwotrainedindividualswhohaveresponsibilityfortheentirereproductiveprogram.Excellentheatdetectionratewillresultin>50%ofrepeatbreedingsat18-24days.Thisisrarelyachievedwhereherdsdonotpracticeaggressiveheatdetectionpractices(tailchalking,etc).Inordertoachievehighratesat18-24days,someherdsmaydosoattheexpenseofhavingmoreshortintervalbreedings(asdiscussedabove).Thismaywellbeworthit!Largenumbersofrepeatbreedingsat25-35daysmaybedrivenbythereproductiveprogram(earlyscanandPGorre-synchprograms),ormayresultfromearlyembryonicdeath–alwayscheckthereproductivemanagementprogrambeforeoverinterpretingthisnumber.Morethan15%ofrepeatbreedings>48dayssuggestthatmultipleheatsarebeingmissedafterbreedingandthatthereisoverrelianceonpregnancycheckresultsfollowedbyestrussynchronizationandtimedAI.Notethatthisreportalsoprovidesaveragesfordaysfromcalvingtoconception(alsoreferredtoasdaysopen)andcalvinginterval.Itisusefultocompareconceptionrateacrossparitygroups,comparingLact=0performancetoLact>0inparticular.Todothis,usethecommand:BREDSUMBYLCTGP\Y

Fortheotherparitygroupsusethecommand:

LCTGP 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ====

0 63-89 78 29 8 0 1 37 100 1.3TOTALS 63-89 78 29 8 0 1 37 100 1.3





BREDSUMBYLCTGP

Wewouldexpecttoseeaconceptionrateof>50%forheifers(L0),>40%forL1,>35%forL2and>30%forL3+.Poorperformanceinolderanimalsmayindicatethatchronicdebilitatingconditionssuchaslamenessarehavingasignificantimpactonreproductionascowsage.OtherBREDSUMreportsthatmaybeusefultolookatincludeconceptionratebycyclenumber(\N),bySire(\S)andbydayoftheweek(\W).Usinganycombinationof2codeswithan\Xinfrontwillcreateacrosstablecomparison.Try\XBO,XOT,XRO,XRB,XNT….Usingtheoptionslinkintheupperrighthandcornerofthecommandline,thedropdownboxwillgiveyoutheseoptionsina‘windows’format.

LCTGP 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ====

1 30-62 45 15 18 3 1 36 26 2.22 11-39 22 7 25 3 1 35 25 4.63 31-54 42 28 38 2 8 68 49 2.4

TOTALS 30-47 38 50 81 8 10 139 100 2.6





Itissometimesbeneficialtolookattheperformanceofcohortsofanimalsovertime.Typicallywecanlookatcalvingmonthgroups–andfollowtheirperformancethroughtothemostrecentdate.DC305candothisusinganitemcalledSTAGE(iftheitemalreadyexists,checkthatitissetupasfollows):STAGEtype:108item/xitemname:DIMoperand#2:30description:DIMin30daycohorts

BREDSUMBYSTAGEFORLACT>0

TheSTAGEgroupsfrom1throughtoxreferto30daycalvinggroupsgoingbackintime.Theyarepresentedforallofthecowscurrentlymilkingintheherd.Cohortanalysisisparticularlysensitiveforpickingupnutritionaleffectsonfertility–astheseeffects,iftheyoccurinearlylactation,oftenstaywiththeanimalthroughoutitsbreedinghistory.NotethedifferenceinconceptionrateforSTAGE8andSTAGE7inthetableaboveforasmall50cowdairy.





4. OtherMetricsandMonitors

EVENTS\3Thecalftablegivesthetwinrate(%T)and%AliveandDeadforMaleandFemalecalves.Aimforlessthan6%twinsand%Deadlessthan5%.

Farmsliketocalculatethepregnanciesrequiredpermonthandthismaybecalculatedasfollows:Herdsize 1432Removalsforcullingreasons -530(0.37herdsize)Requirementsduetopregnancyloss +135(0.15pregnancies)Totalpregnanciesrequiredperyear 1037CalvingIntervaldesired(months) 13Pregnanciesrequiredpermonth 80Findthetotalnumberofpregnanciesproducedfortheherdfrombredsumbylctgp\dforthelastyearandcalculatethepregnanciescreatedpermonthandcomparewiththecalculatedtarget.Acalculationoftherequired%cowspregnantpermonthisausefulherdlevelmonitorofreproductiveperformance.Typicalrangeis4to10%annualaverage.Example:#preg=1198Dividedby12months=100pregnanciespermonthbeingcreatedcurrently

Month Fresh None Twins %T Male Female %F Alive Dead %D M:Dead %M F:Dead %F Sold DCC===== ===== ==== ====== == ====== ====== == ====== ====== == ====== == ====== == ====== ======Jan10 25 0 2 8 14 13 48 24 3 11 2 14 1 8 15 0Feb10 193 0 12 6 97 108 53 184 21 10 10 10 11 10 117 3Mar10 185 0 4 2 93 96 51 175 14 7 8 9 6 6 102 3Apr10 177 0 9 5 109 77 41 172 14 8 8 7 6 8 118 5May10 174 0 8 5 102 80 44 161 21 12 11 11 10 12 114 5Jun10 192 1 7 4 104 94 47 178 20 10 13 12 7 7 114 4Jul10 171 0 11 6 88 94 52 163 19 10 12 14 7 7 98 2Aug10 208 0 12 6 111 109 50 203 17 8 9 8 8 7 124 2Sep10 180 0 11 6 88 103 54 174 17 9 9 10 8 8 99 7Oct10 212 0 13 6 120 105 47 202 23 10 12 10 11 10 137 9Nov10 192 0 11 6 102 101 50 183 20 10 12 12 8 8 113 6Dec10 198 0 12 6 117 93 44 192 18 9 14 12 4 4 128 5Jan11 188 0 5 3 99 94 49 178 15 8 6 6 9 10 110 2===== ===== ==== ====== == ====== ====== == ====== ====== == ====== == ====== == ====== ======TOTAL 2295 1 117 5 1244 1167 48 2189 222 9 126 10 96 8 1389 53





Findoutthenumberofmilkingcowsintheherd(typically85%oftheherdtotal)=1217%cowsmadepregnanteachmonthis100/1217x100=8.2%Monitorthescheduleforpregnancychecksintheherdbyusingthegraph:EGRAPHPREGBYDSLH

5. CostofPoorPerformanceTheeconomicsofpoorreproductiveperformancearecomplexanddependonmanyfactorsincludingcullandreplacementcosts,milkyield,milkpriceandbreedingcosts.Costsof~$3perextradayopen(extendedintervalfromcalvingtoconception)havebeenused,butthetruecostvarieswidely.Someestimatessuggest~$0.50at100daysopento$5.00at175daysopen.Thecostoftheextradayincreasesthegreaterthedaysopen.RecentworkbydeVries(2006)providesamoreaccurateassessmentusingpregnancyrateallowingforchangesinmilkprice,andpersistency.Netreturnpercowperyearisgreatestatlowerpregnancyrates.Forexampleanimprovementinpregnancyratefrom11to12%isworth~$20,whileanimprovementfrom25to26%isworthonly~$3.Similarmodelingsuggeststhattheaveragevalueofanewpregnancyis$278andthelossfromanabortionis$555.Becauseofthecomplexityofthesemodelshowever,thetruecostofpoorreproductiveperformanceisspecifictoanygivenherdandshouldbemodeledonaherdbyherdbasis.

university of wisconsin – madison school of … dimfb=78-108 for fdat>-473 dim>108 abdat=0\l...

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