university of york, 27 - 29 th july 2011

University of York, 27 - 29 th July 2011

3rd Conference of the International Society for Child Indicators

‘‘Italian validation of three American scales Italian validation of three American scales aimed at measuring children’s well-aimed at measuring children’s well-

beingbeing’. ’.

Beatrice Tommasi-Elena RuviglioniBeatrice Tommasi-Elena Ruviglioni(Università degli Studi di Firenze)(Università degli Studi di Firenze)

Laboratorio di Statistica per la Ricerca Sociale e Educativa

Facoltà di Scienze della Formazione - Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi

‘‘Child well-being’Child well-being’

Why this topic?Why this topic?

- Child well-beingChild well-being

- The welfare of the whole societyThe welfare of the whole society

‘‘Child well-being’Child well-being’

1.1.Indirect evaluationIndirect evaluation

2.2.Children’s direct involvement Children’s direct involvement

1. 1. INDIRECT EVALUATIONINDIRECT EVALUATION

• Social indicators:Social indicators:

- Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘89)- Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘89)- BROFENBRENNER’S BIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL - BROFENBRENNER’S BIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL

(Bronferbrenner, 1998)(Bronferbrenner, 1998)- UNICEF;- UNICEF;- OECD;- OECD;- CWI (Land, 2001);- CWI (Land, 2001);- CHILD (2002)- CHILD (2002)- KIDS COUNT (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2003);- KIDS COUNT (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2003);- CHILD FOCUSED APPROACH (Hood, 2005);- CHILD FOCUSED APPROACH (Hood, 2005);- ISQOLS (‘90)- ISQOLS (‘90)

2. 2. CHILDREN’S DIRECT CHILDREN’S DIRECT INVOLVEMENT INVOLVEMENT

to obtain their point of viewto obtain their point of view

criteriacriteria used in order to select the used in order to select the questionnairequestionnaire: :

- - Children’s direct Involvement;Children’s direct Involvement;

- - Defined age range (from third to fifth grade Defined age range (from third to fifth grade of Primary school);of Primary school);

- Free availability of the questionnaire’ - Free availability of the questionnaire’ versions;versions;

- Wide validation.- Wide validation.

• Literature review:Literature review:

- CSDQ (Crandall et al., 1965)- CSDQ (Crandall et al., 1965) - PANAS-C (Laurent et al., 1999)- PANAS-C (Laurent et al., 1999) - SLSS (Huebner, 1991)- SLSS (Huebner, 1991) - MSLSS (Huebner, 1994)- MSLSS (Huebner, 1994) - BMSLSS (Huebner, 1997)- BMSLSS (Huebner, 1997) - COSS (Randolph et al., 2008)- COSS (Randolph et al., 2008)

- - Students’ Life Satisfaction ScaleStudents’ Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1991)(Huebner, 1991)

- - Multidimensional Students’ Life Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1994) (Huebner, 1994)

- - Brief Multidimensional Students’ Brief Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1997) (Huebner, 1997)

Three questionnaires met the objectives Three questionnaires met the objectives described above:described above:

SLSSSLSSMSLSSMSLSS

BMSLSSBMSLSSTopics:Topics:

- Family Family - FriendsFriends- SchoolSchool- Living environmentLiving environment- Self Self - Life as a wholeLife as a whole

The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey:SATISFACTION’ survey:

• STUDY 1 STUDY 1

Objective: Italian validation of three Objective: Italian validation of three scalesscales

• STUDY 2STUDY 2

Objective: surveyObjective: survey childrens’ point childrens’ point of viewof view

The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1

• Objective: Italian validation of Objective: Italian validation of three scalesthree scales

• The questionnaire:The questionnaire:

- - Demographic informationDemographic information

What year were you born?What year were you born?

Where were you born?Where were you born?

You are: orYou are: or You live with: You live with: - Both parents;- Both parents;

- A single parents;- A single parents;

- Brothers/sisters;- Brothers/sisters;

- Grandparents;- Grandparents;

- Friends;- Friends;

- Other.- Other.

What’s your parents’ jobs? - mother:What’s your parents’ jobs? - mother:

- father:- father:

Do you have your own bedroom?Do you have your own bedroom?-yes -no-yes -no

Do you have a computer in your home?Do you have a computer in your home? -yes -no-yes -no

The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1survey: study 1


• The tool:The tool:


- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale

How much do you agree with the How much do you agree with the

following statements?following statements?

- I would like to change things in my - I would like to change things in my

lifelife- Life is great- Life is great- I have a good life- I have a good life- My life is better than most kids- My life is better than most kids

Response options:Response options:

- Strongly Disagree - Strongly Disagree - Moderately Disagree- Moderately Disagree- Mildly Disagree- Mildly Disagree- Mildly Agree- Mildly Agree- Moderately Agree- Moderately Agree- Strongly Agree- Strongly Agree

The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1survey: study 1





- Multidimensional Student’s - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale

• FAMILY:FAMILY:- My parents and I do fun things together- My parents and I do fun things together- I enjoy being at home with my family- I enjoy being at home with my family

• FRIENDS: FRIENDS: - I wish I had different friends- I wish I had different friends- I have a lot of fun with my friends- I have a lot of fun with my friends

• SCHOOL:SCHOOL:- I like being in school- I like being in school- School is interesting- School is interesting

• LIVING ENVIRONMENT:LIVING ENVIRONMENT:- I like where I live- I like where I live- I like my neighborhood- I like my neighborhood

• SELF:SELF:- I am a nice person- I am a nice person- I like myself- I like myself

Response options:Response options:- Never- Never- Sometimes- Sometimes- Often- Often- Almost always- Almost always


• Objective: Italian validation Objective: Italian validation of three scalesof three scales




- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life

Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale

- Brief Multidimensional Student’s - Brief Multidimensional Student’s

Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale


BMSLSSBMSLSS

Questions:Questions:- I would describe my - I would describe my

satisfaction with my satisfaction with my family life asfamily life as

Response options (7):Response options (7):- Terrible- Terrible- Unhappy- Unhappy- Mostly satisfied- Mostly satisfied- Mixed (about equally - Mixed (about equally

satisfied and dissatisfied)satisfied and dissatisfied)- Mostly dissatisfied- Mostly dissatisfied- Pleased- Pleased- Delighted- Delighted

BMSLSS italian versionBMSLSS italian version

Questions:Questions:- Are you satisfied with your - Are you satisfied with your

family life?family life?

Response options (5):Response options (5):

- terribly unhappy- terribly unhappy- dissatisfied- dissatisfied- satisfied and equally- satisfied and equally dissatisfied (mixture), dissatisfied (mixture), - satisfied,- satisfied,- very satisfied- very satisfied






- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleSatisfaction Scale

- Brief Multidimensional Student’s - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction ScaleLife Satisfaction Scale

- Face Scale- Face Scale

• Question:Question:

How much are you happy?How much are you happy?

• Response options:Response options:

The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1• Objective: Italian validation of Objective: Italian validation of

three scalesthree scales







- Weather Scales- Weather Scales

• Questions:Questions:

- When you are at school how do you - When you are at school how do you feel?feel?

- When you are with your family how do - When you are with your family how do you feel?you feel?

- When you are with your friends how do - When you are with your friends how do you feel?you feel?

• Response options:Response options:

The ‘CHILDREN LIFE The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1• Sample: Sample: 235235 children (III-IV-V of Primary School) children (III-IV-V of Primary School)

Procedures: - Contact with Procedures: - Contact with school management/teachersschool management/teachers

- - Signed permission by children’s parents Signed permission by children’s parents

- Administering the questionnaire (presence of - Administering the questionnaire (presence of researcher) researcher)

CountCount PercentagePercentage

FemaleFemale 128128 5555

MaleMale 107107 4646


• Analysis of internal consistency Analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha(Cronbach’s Alpha):):

- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale - Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale αα = 0.75= 0.75

- Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale- Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale

Family Family αα =0.68=0.68

Friends Friends αα = 0.83= 0.83

School School αα =0.83 =0.83

Living environment Living environment αα =0.74=0.74

Self Self α α =0.74=0.74

- Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale αα = 0.75= 0.75

αα total = 0.76 total = 0.76


The presence of researcher in the classes The presence of researcher in the classes

changes

The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ The ‘CHILDREN LIFE SATISFACTION’ survey: study 1 survey: study 1 (changes)(changes)


- Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale - Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale

- Multidimensional Student’s Life - Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale Satisfaction Scale

- Brief Multidimensional - Brief Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale Scale

- Face Scale - Face Scale

- Weather Scale - Weather Scale

.. brothers/sistersbrothers/sisters→→ . . BrothersBrothers . . SistersSisters

. . My life is better than most kids My life is better than most kids →→ that I knowthat I know

. . My family is better than most kids My family is better than most kids →→

that I knowthat I know. . Almost always Almost always → → alwaysalways

. . No changeNo change

. Do you like your neighbors?Do you like your neighbors?

. . Do you like your house?Do you like your house?

. . Do you like the area you live in?Do you like the area you live in?


• Objective: surveyObjective: survey childrens’ point of view childrens’ point of view

• The questionnaire:The questionnaire:






- Weather Scales- Weather Scales


Count Count Percentage Percentage

FemaleFemale 122122 4848

MaleMale 132132 5252

• Sample: 254 children (III-IV-V of Primary School)


Analysis of internal consistency (Analysis of internal consistency (Cronbach’s AlphaCronbach’s Alpha):):

SLSS MSLSS Family

MSLSS Friends

MSLSS

School

MSLSS Living environment

MSLSS Self

MSLSSTotal

BMSLSS

STUDY 1 0.68 0.83 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.68 0.76 0.75

STUDY 2 0.72 0.80 0.85 0.81 0.70 0.72 0.78 0.74

Future applications Future applications

• To compare the well being of towns, cities and To compare the well being of towns, cities and countries countries

• To be aware of the living conditions of these To be aware of the living conditions of these places. places.

• Can be useful for many institutions: policy makers Can be useful for many institutions: policy makers and school managements can use it to improve and school managements can use it to improve services for citizens. services for citizens.

Thank you for Thank you for your attentionyour attention

Laboratorio di Statistica per la Ricerca Sociale e Educativa

www.starse.it

[email protected]

university of york, 27 - 29 th july 2011

Documents

life life

good life

bmslss huebner

school school

child wellbeingthe welfare

american scales

parents jobs

child focused approach