untitled-2 [direct.farm] · Æóðíàë "Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå "...

Æóðíàë "Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå" # 2-2020

1

Journal "Veterinaria i kormlenie"

ISSN:1814-9588

DOI:10.30917/1814-9588

ÆÓÐÍÀË ÂÊËÞ×ÅÍ Â

ÂÀÊ, ÐÈÍÖ, CROSSREF, AGRIS,

ÎÒÐÀÑËÅÂÛÅ ÑÌÈ ÌÈÍÑÅËÜÕÎÇÀ ÐÔ

¹2-2020

ÌÀÐÒ-ÀÏÐÅËÜ / MARCH-APRIL

Íàøè ïàðòíåðû:

Ôåäåðàëüíàÿ ñëóæáàïî âåòåðèíàðíîìó

è ôèòîñàíèòàðíîìóíàäçîðó

Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîð

Àâòîíîìíàÿíåêîììåð÷åñêàÿ

îðãàíèçàöèÿ

Öåíòð«Àìóðñêèé òèãð»

Æóðíàë íàãðàæäåíìåäàëÿìè

"Çà çàñëóãè â îáëàñòèâåòåðèíàðèè","Çà ðàçâèòèå

áèîëîãè÷åñêîé íàóêèè ïðîìûøëåííîñòè"

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNALÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÉ ÍÀÓ×ÍÛÉ ÆÓÐÍÀË

Îôèöèàëüíî

Â Ìèíñåëüõîçå Ðîññèèñîçäàí Îïåðàòèâíûé øòàáïî ïðåäóïðåæäåíèþðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿêîðîíàâèðóñíîé èíôåêöèè

23 ìàðòà 2020

Ìèíèñòð ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà Äìèòðèé Ïàòðó-

øåâ ïîäïèñàë ïðèêàç "Î íåîòëîæíûõ ìåðàõ ïî ïðå-

äóïðåæäåíèþ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ êîðîíàâèðóñíîé èí-

ôåêöèè", êîòîðûì ïðåäóñìîòðåíî ñîçäàíèå â âåäîì-

ñòâå îïåðàòèâíîãî øòàáà. Åãî ãëàâîé íàçíà÷åí ñòàòñ-

ñåêðåòàðü - çàìåñòèòåëü Ìèíèñòðà Èâàí Ëåáåäåâ.

Ñðåäè îñíîâíûõ çàäà÷ øòàáà - êîîðäèíàöèÿ äåÿòåëü-

íîñòè ñòðóêòóðíûõ ïîäðàçäåëåíèé è ïîäâåäîìñòâåí-

íûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé Ìèíèñòåðñòâà, âûðàáîòêà ïðåäëî-

æåíèé ïî ïðîâåäåíèþ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïðåäóïðåæ-

äåíèþ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ èíôåêöèè â Ìèíñåëüõîçå

Ðîññèè è ïîäâåäîìñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèÿõ, à òàêæå

âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ îðãàíàìè è ó÷ðåæäåíèÿìè, îñóùå-

ñòâëÿþùèìè ôåäåðàëüíûé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ñàíè-

òàðíîýïèäåìèîëîãè÷åñêèé íàäçîð, ôåäåðàëüíûìè è

ðåãèîíàëüíûìè îðãàíàìè èñïîëíèòåëüíîé âëàñòè.

Âî âñåõ ïîäâåäîìñòâåííûõ Ìèíñåëüõîçó îðãàíèçà-

öèÿõ òàêæå ñîçäàþòñÿ îïåðàòèâíûå øòàáû. Â ñîîò-

âåòñòâèè ñ ïðèêàçîì îíè äîëæíû ïðåäîñòàâëÿòü èí-

ôîðìàöèþ ïî òåêóùåé ñèòóàöèè â Ìèíèñòåðñòâî íà

åæåäíåâíîé îñíîâå.

Ïðåññ-ñëóæáà Ìèíñåëüõîçå ÐÔ

ÔîòîÐîñïîòðåáíàäçîð

In the Ministry of Agricultureof Russia

Operational Headquartersestablished

spread preventioncoronavirus infection


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Òîìàø ÑÒÀÄÈÅÊ,ïðîôåññîð

óíèâåðñèòåòà

Ïîëüøà, Âàðøàâà

À.Í. ÏÀÍÈÍäîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ

íàóê, ïðîôåññîð,àêàäåìèê ÐÀÍ

Ðîññèÿ, Ìîñêâà

Ì.È. ÃÓËÞÊÈÍäîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ



À.Ì. ÑÌÈÐÍÎÂäîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ



Á.Â. ÓØÀ,äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ



Â.È. ÔÈÑÈÍÈÍ,äîêòîð ñ.-õ. íàóê,

ïðîôåññîð,àêàäåìèê ÐÀÍ

Ðîññèÿ, Ñ. Ïîñàä

Ëóèñ ÅÍÕÓÀÍÅÑ(CNB-CSIC)ïðîôåññîð-

èññëåäîâàòåëüÈñïàíèÿ, Ìàäðèä

È. À. ÌÎÐÎÇÎÂ(Êàíçàñ), (KSU)

êàíäèäàòáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóêÑØÀ, Ìàíõýòòåí

Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé íàó÷íûé æóðíàë«Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå» «Veterinaria i kormlenie»

International scientific journal

Ãëàâíûé ðåäàêòîð Âëàäèìèð Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ ÕÐÀÌÅÍÊÎÂ

Ïîäïèñíîé èíäåêñ â êàòàëîãå Ïðåññà Ðîññèè - 42111109428, Ìîñêâà, Ðÿçàíñêèé ïðîñïåêò, ä. 24, ñòð. 1, îôèñ 916

Òåë., whatsapp: +7916 819-48-13 Ñàéò: www.vetkorm.ru. Å-mail: [email protected]Ó÷ðåäèòåëü – ÎÎÎ «Àãåíòñòâî òâîð÷åñêèõ òåõíîëîãèé». Ñâèä-âî î ðåãèñòðàöèè ÏÈ ¹ ÔÑ77-18901 îò 19.11.2004 ã.

ISSN:1814-9588 DOI:10.30917/1814-9588

Ïîëíîå èëè ÷àñòè÷íîå âîñïðîèçâåäåíèå èëè ðàçìíîæåíèå ëþáûì ñïîñîáîì ìàòåðèàëîâ, îïóáëèêîâàííûõ â æóðíàëå, äîïóñêàåòñÿ òîëüêîñ ïèñüìåííîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ ðåäàêöèè è ñî ññûëêîé íà æóðíàë. Ìíåíèÿ àâòîðîâ ìîãóò íå ñîâïàäàòü ñ òî÷êîé çðåíèÿ ðåäàêöèè.Îòâåòñòâåííîñòü çà ñîäåðæàíèå è äîñòîâåðíîñòü èíôîðìàöèè â ïóáëèêàöèÿõ, âêëþ÷àÿ ðåêëàìíûå, ïîëíîñòüþ íåñåò àâòîð.

¹ 2/2020 ã. (ìàðò-àïðåëü). Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 26.03.2020. Îòïå÷àòàíî ÎÎÎ «ÏðèíòÞ» Çàêàç 16675. Òèðàæ 2000

ãÆóðíàë «Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå», 2020

Ïåðå÷åíü áèáëèîòå÷íî-èíôîðìàöèîííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé,ïîëó÷àþùèõ èç Ðîññèéñêîé êíèæíîé ïàëàòû îáÿçà-òåëüíûé áåñïëàòíûé ôåäåðàëüíûé ýêçåìïëÿð èçäàíèé

– Ðîññèéñêàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ áèáëèîòåêà, ã. Ìîñêâà

– Ðîññèéñêàÿ íàöèîíàëüíàÿ áèáëèîòåêà, ã. Ñ.-Ïåòåðáóðã

– Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ïóáëè÷íàÿ íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêàÿ

áèáëèîòåêà Ñèáèðñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ ÐÀÍ, ã. Íîâîñèáèðñê

– Äàëüíåâîñòî÷íàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ íàó÷íàÿ áèáëèîòåêà,

ã. Õàáàðîâñê

– Áèáëèîòåêà Ðîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê, ã. Ñ.-Ïåòåðáóðã

– Ïàðëàìåíòñêàÿ áèáëèîòåêà, ã.Ìîñêâà

– Àäìèíèñòðàöèÿ Ïðåçèäåíòà ÐÔ, áèáëèîòåêà, ã. Ìîñêâà

– Íàó÷íàÿ áèáëèîòåêà ÌÃÓ èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, ã. Ìîñêâà

– Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ïóáëè÷íàÿ íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêàÿ

áèáëèîòåêà Ðîññèè, ã. Ìîñêâà

– Âñåðîññèéñêàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ áèáëèîòåêà èíîñòðàííîé ëèòåðàòóðû èìåíè Ì.È. Ðóäîìèíî, ã. Ìîñêâà– Èíñòèòóò íàó÷íîé èíôîðìàöèè ïî îáùåñòâåííûì íàóêàì ÐÀÍ, ã. Ìîñêâà– Áèáëèîòåêà ïî åñòåñòâåííûì íàóêàì ÐÀÍ, ã. Ìîñêâà– Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ïóáëè÷íàÿ èñòîðè÷åñêàÿ áèáëèîòåêà Ðîññèè, ã. Ìîñêâà– Âñåðîññèéñêèé èíñòèòóò íàó÷íîé è òåõíè÷åñêîé èíôîðìàöèè ÐÀÍ, ã. Ìîñêâà– Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ îáùåñòâåííî-ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ áèáëèîòåêà, ã. Ìîñêâà– Öåíòðàëüíàÿ íàó÷íàÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿ áèáëèîòåêà ÐÀÑÕÍ, ã. Ìîñêâà– Ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêèé ìóçåé, öåíòðàëüíàÿ ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêàÿ áèáëèîòåêà, ã. Ìîñêâà– Ìîñêîâñêàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ àêàäåìèÿ èìåíè È.Ì. Ñå÷åíîâà, öåíòðàëüíàÿ íàó÷íàÿ ìåäèöèíñêàÿ áèáëèîòåêà, ã. Ìîñêâà

Russia MoscowM. Gulyukin

Spain MadridL. Enjuanes

USA, ManhattanI. Morozov

Russia MoscowA. Panin

Russia Moscow

A. Smirnov

Russia Moscow

B. Usha

Russia S.Posad

V. FisininPoland Warsaw

T. Stadejek

Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ êîëëåãèÿ Editorial board


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ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ / CONTENTS

Âêëàä ÔÃÁÍÓ ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ â ðàçâèòèå îòå÷åñòâåííîé áèîòåõíîëîãèè è îáåñïå÷åíèåâåòåðèíàðíîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿÃðèíü Ñ.À., Ïóõîâà Í.Ì., Åðåìåö Â.È., Ìàòâååâà È.Í., Êëþêèíà Â.È., Ðàåâñêèé À.À.,Àâäååâà Ò.À., Ìàðêîâà Å.Â. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4Contribution of FSBI VNITIBP to the development of domestic biotechnology and ensuring veterinary well-beingGrin S.A., Pukhova N.M., Eremets V.I., Matveeva I.N., Klukina V.I., Raevsky A.A., Avdeeva T.A., Markova E.V.

Ðàçâèòèå, ðåçóëüòàòû è ïåðñïåêòèâû Âñåðîññèéñêîãî íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî èíñòèòóòàôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé è ïðèêëàäíîé ïàðàçèòîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèéÀðèñîâ Ì.Â., Óñïåíñêèé À.Â. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9Development, Results and Prospects of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamentaland Applied Parasitology of Animals and PlantArisov M.V., Uspensky A.V.

Íàó÷íàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÂÍÈÈÏÏ ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ áåçîïàñíîñòè ïòèöåïðîäóêòîâÁóäðèê Â.Ã., Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ., Êîçàê Þ.À. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13Scientific activity of VNIIPP on ensuring the safety of poultry productsBudrik V.G., Kozak S.S., Kozak J.A.

Àðêòè÷åñêèå øòàììû Bacillus subtilis â ñîâðåìåííîé ìèêðîáèîòåõíîëîãèèÂëàäèìèðîâ Ë.Í., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï. -------------------------------------------------------------- 17Arctic strains of Bacillus subtilis of in modern microbiotechnologyVladimirov L.N., Neustroev M.P., Tarabukina N.P.

Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÓ "Âñåðîññèéñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûéÖåíòð êà÷åñòâà è ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ æèâîòíûõ è êîðìîâ" (ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ")Êèø Ë.Ê., Ãåðãåëü Ì.À., Ìàêàðîâ Ä.À., Áóêîâà Í.Ê., Èâàíîâà À.Í. ------------------------------------------ 21Principal aspects of scientific researches in FGBI "VGNKI"Kish L.K., Gergel M.A., Makarov D.A., Bukova N.K., Ivanova A.N.

Äîñòèæåíèÿ ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ â îáëàñòè âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû è ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèéÊîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í., Ñêà÷êîâà Î.À., Áðèãèäà À.Â.----------------------------------------------------------------------- 25Achievements of the FSBI CEERB in Veterinary Medicine and Reproductive BiotechnologyKovalchuk S.N., Skachkova O.A., Brigida A.V.

Ïðåïàðàò ÁîâèÑòýì â ïðîôèëàêòèêå ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé êîðîâ è èììóíîäåôèöèòîâ òåëÿòËàâðèê À.À., Ìîñêàëåâ Â.Á., Àëè Ñ.Ã., Çàðåìáà À.Â., Ýëüäàðîâ Õ.Ä. ------------------------------------------ 29BoviStem drug in the prevention of post-parturient complication in cows and immunodeficiency in calvesLavrik, A.À., Moskalev V.B., Ali S.G., Zaremba A.V., Eldarov Kh.D.

Óñïåõ ðàçâèòèÿ áèîïðîìûøëåííîñòè - áèîáåçîïàñíîñòü ñòðàíûÌåëüíèê Í.Â. / Melnik N.V. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 33Success in the development of bio-industry - biosafety of the country

Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé è èííîâàöèîííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòèÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ ÌÃÀÂÌèÁ "ÌÂÀ èìåíè Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà"Ïîçÿáèí Ñ.Â., Ãíåçäèëîâà Ë.À., Êî÷èø È.È., Òèíàåâà Å. À. ----------------------------------------------------- 37Condition and perspective of research and innovation activities in the Federal State Budgetary EducationalInstitution of Higher Education "Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology -MVA by K.I. Skryabin"Pozyabin S.V., Gnezdilova L.A., Kochish I. I., Tinaeva E. A.

Ïðîáëåìû âåäåíèÿ æèâîòíîâîäñòâà ïîñëå àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ: ðàäèàöèîííàÿ îáñòàíîâêà,çàùèòíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿÑàíæàðîâà Í.È., Ôåñåíêî Ñ.Â., Èñàìîâ Í.Í., Öûãâèíöåâ Ï.Í., Ãóáàðåâà Î.Ñ. ---------------------------- 41Problems of animal husbandry after the Chernobyl accident: radiation situation, counter-measuresSanzharova N.I., Fesenko S.V., Isamov N.N., Tsygvintsev P.N., Gubareva O. S.

ÔÃÁÍÓ "ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ" - 60 ëåò èññëåäîâàíèé Öåíòðà íà ñëóæáå ó âåòåðèíàðíîé ïðàêòèêè ñòðàíûÓâàåâ Â.Â., Íàñûáóëëèíà Æ.Ð., Âàñèëåâñêèé Í.Ì., Çàéíóëëèí Ë.È. ------------------------------------------ 46FGBSI "FCTRB-VNIVI" - 60 years researches of the center on the service for veterinary practice of the countryUvaev V.V., Nasybullina J.R. Vasilevsky N.M., Zaynullin L.I.

"ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" - âåòåðèíàðíóþ íàóêó â ïðàêòèêó×âàëà Èë.À., Ñòàðîâ Ñ.Ê., Ëîçîâîé Ä.À., Ïðîõâàòèëîâà Ë.Á., Ðó÷íîâà Î.È. -------------------------------- 50FGBI "ARRIAH" - Veterinary Science into PracticeChvala Il.A., Starov S.K., Lozovoy D.A., Prokhvatilova L.B., Ruchnova O.I.

Ïðîãðàììû êîíòðîëÿ èíôåêöèîííûõ ôàêòîðîâ, âëèÿþùèõ íà ðåïðîäóêòèâíóþ ôóíêöèþâûñîêîïðîäóêòèâíûõ ìîëî÷íûõ êîðîâØêóðàòîâà È.À., Øèëîâà Å.Í., Ñîêîëîâà Î.Â., Ðÿïîñîâà Ì.Â. ------------------------------------------------- 54Programs for controlling infectious factors affecting the reproductive function of highly productive dairy cowsShkuratova I.A., Shilova E.N., Sokolova O.V., Ryaposova M.V.

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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-1ÓÄÊ 619:616.9:577.27:573

Âêëàä ÔÃÁÍÓ ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ â ðàçâèòèåîòå÷åñòâåííîé áèîòåõíîëîãèèè îáåñïå÷åíèå âåòåðèíàðíîãîáëàãîïîëó÷èÿ

Ãðèíü Ñ.À., ä. á. í., ÷ë.- êîðð. ÐÀÍ, ïðîôåññîð,äèðåêòîð,Ïóõîâà Í.Ì., ê.á.í., çàâ. ëàáîðàòîðèåé âèðóñîëîãèèÅðåìåö Â.È., ä.á.í., çàì. äèðåêòîðà ïî íàó÷íîé ðàáîòåÌàòâååâà È.Í., ä.á.í., çàì. äèðåêòîðà ïîáèîíàíîòåõíîëîãèÿìÊëþêèíà Â.È., ä.á.í., çàâ. îòäåëîì èììóíîëîãèèÐàåâñêèé À.À., ê.ò.í., çàì. äèðåêòîðà ïî íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèì âîïðîñàìÀâäååâà Ò.À., ê.á.í., çàâ. ÍÎÎÌàðêîâà Å.Â., ê.ñ/õ.í., ñ.í.ñ.ÔÃÁÍÓ "Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èòåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò áèîëîãè÷åñêîéïðîìûøëåííîñòè", ã. Ùåëêîâî Ìîñêîâñêîé îáëàñòè, e-mail:[email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ, âàêöèíû, áîëåçíüÌàðåêà, áåøåíñòâî, áèîáåçîïàñíîñòü, èìïîðòîçàìåùåíèå.

Ðåçþìå. Ïðåäñòàâëåíû îáîáùåííûå ðåçóëüòàòû 50-ëåòíåé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÍÓ ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ, ïðè÷èíû îáúåê-òèâíîé íåîáõîäèìîñòè åãî ñîçäàíèÿ è ðîëü â ðàçâèòèèáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè. Íà ïðèìåðàõ âèðóñíûõâàêöèí ïðîòèâ áîëåçíè Ìàðåêà è áåøåíñòâà æèâîòíûõïîêàçàíà ìåòîäîëîãèÿ ðàçðàáîòêè íîâûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ îòïðîáëåìíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé äî âíåäðåíèÿâ ïðîèçâîäñòâî è èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â âåòåðèíàðíîé ïðàêòèêå.

Â íà÷àëå 70-õ ãîäîâ íåáëàãîïîëó÷èå ïî áîëåçíè Ìàðå-êà (ÁÌ) áûëî âûÿâëåíî â 76% îáñëåäîâàííûõ õîçÿéñòâñòðàíû. Áûñòðîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå çàáîëåâàíèÿ è çíà÷è-ìûé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé óùåðá ñîçäàâàëè óãðîæàþùåå ïîëî-æåíèå äëÿ ïòèöåâîäñòâà. Âîçíèêëà ïîòðåáíîñòü â ïëàíî-âîé âàêöèíàöèè. Áûëè èçó÷åíû èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêèåñâîéñòâà 7 øòàììîâ âèðóñà ãåðïåñà èíäåéêè (5 çàðóáåæ-íûõ è 2 âûäåëåííûõ âî ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ) è, â êà÷åñòâå âàêöèííî-ãî, áûë îòîáðàí øòàìì âèðóñà FC-126. Â ðåçóëüòàòåèññëåäîâàíèé âïåðâûå â ñòðàíå áûëè ñîçäàíû êóëüòóðàëü-íûå âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ áîëåçíè Ìàðåêà (æèäêàÿ è ñóõàÿ). Âïåðèîä èñïûòàíèé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé ýôôåêò îò èõ èñïîëü-çîâàíèÿ ñîñòàâèë â õîçÿéñòâàõ ÿè÷íîãî è ìÿñíîãî íàïðàâ-ëåíèÿ 360 è 280 ðóá. íà 1 òûñ. ãîëîâ ïðèâèòîé ïòèöûñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âàêöèíû âûïóñêàþòñÿ íà ÔÊÏ "Êóðñêàÿ

Contribution of FSBI VNITIBP to thedevelopment of domestic biotechnologyand ensuring veterinary well-beingGrin S.A., Pukhova N.M., Eremets V.I., Matveeva I.N.,Klukina V.I., Raevsky A.A., Avdeeva T.A., Markova E.V.Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian ScientificResearch and Technological Institute of Biological Industry",Shchelkovo, Moscow Region,e-mail:[email protected]

Key words: biotechnology, vaccines, Marek's disease,rabies, biosafety, import substitution.

Abstract. The generalized results of 50 years of activity ofthe FSBI VNITIBP, the reasons for the objective necessity of itscreation and the role in the development of the biologicalindustry are presented. The examples of viral vaccines againstMarek's disease and rabies in animals show a methodology forthe development of new drugs from problem-oriented studies tointroduction into production and use in veterinary practice.

At the beginning of the 70s, problems with Marek's disease(BM) were detected in 76% of the surveyed households in thecountry. The rapid spread of the disease and significant economicdamage created a threat to the poultry industry. There was a needfor planned vaccination. The immunobiological properties of 7strains of turkey herpes virus (5 foreign and 2 isolated inVNITIBP) were studied and, as a vaccine, the FC-126 virusstrain was selected. As a result of research, for the first time inthe country, cultural vaccines against Marek's disease (liquidand dry) were created. During the test period, the economiceffect of their use amounted to 360 and 280 rubles in the farmsof egg and meat production per 1000 heads of vaccinated birds,respectively. Produced at the "Kursk Biofactory-Firm" BIOK ",it is widely used in poultry farms, providing epizootic well-being for Marek's disease.

A breakthrough in vaccinology was made during thedevelopment of the first culture inactivated vaccines againstanimal rabies - for the first time in the world, the possibility oflarge-scale use of the stable cell line BHK-21/13 for the industrialproduction of rabies virus was proved. The "Shchelkovo-51"rabies virus vaccine strain was obtained and deposited, 3-stagecell and virus banks were laid, a new generation of domesticbioreactors (from 5 to 600 L) and instruments was created, anda method for the controlled cultivation of infected cells and theproduction of inactivated rabies vaccines was developed. Manytechnological methods and solutions were carried out at theinventive level. Vaccines are currently being issued at the FKPSchelkovo Biocombine and are widely used in the country tocombat rabies in animals.

Âêëàä ÔÃÁÍÓ ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ â ðàçâèòèå îòå÷åñòâåííîé áèîòåõíîëîãèè è îáåñïå÷åíèå âåòåðèíàðíîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ /Ñ.À.Ãðèíü [è äð.] Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. - 2020. - ¹2. Ñ.4-8.Contribution of FSBI VNITIBP to the development of domestic biotechnology and ensuring veterinary well-being / S.A.Grin [et al.] Veterinaia I kormlenie. - 2020. - ¹2. Ð.4-8.

Äëÿ öèòèðîâàíèÿ / For citation

Ãðèíü Ñ.À.Grin S.A.


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áèîôàáðèêà-ôèðìà "ÁÈÎÊ" è øèðîêî ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ äëÿïëàíîâîé âàêöèíàöèè, îáåñïå÷èâàÿ ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîå áëàãî-ïîëó÷èå ïî áîëåçíè Ìàðåêà.

Ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå ïåðâûõ êóëüòóðàëüíûõ èíàêòèâèðî-âàííûõ âàêöèí ïðîòèâ áåøåíñòâà æèâîòíûõ áûë ñäåëàíïðîðûâ â âàêöèíîëîãèè – âïåðâûå â ìèðå áûëà äîêàçàíàâîçìîæíîñòü êðóïíîìàñøòàáíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ñòàáèëü-íîé ëèíèè êëåòîê ÂÍÊ-21/13 äëÿ ïðîìûøëåííîãî ïîëó÷å-íèÿ âèðóñà áåøåíñòâà. Áûë ïîëó÷åí è äåïîíèðîâàí âàê-öèííûé øòàìì âèðóñà áåøåíñòâà "Ùåëêîâî-51", çàëîæå-íû 3-ñòóïåí÷àòûå áàíêè êëåòîê è âèðóñà, ñîçäàíî íîâîåïîêîëåíèå îòå÷åñòâåííûõ áèîðåàêòîðîâ (îò 5 äî 600 ë) èïðèáîðîâ, ðàçðàáîòàí ñïîñîá óïðàâëÿåìîãî êóëüòèâèðîâà-íèÿ èíôèöèðîâàííûõ êëåòîê è ïðîèçâîäñòâà èíàêòèâèðî-âàííûõ àíòèðàáè÷åñêèõ âàêöèí.

Ìíîãèå òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðèåìû è ðåøåíèÿ áûëè âû-ïîëíåíû íà èçîáðåòàòåëüñêîì óðîâíå. Âàêöèíû âûïóñ-êàþòñÿ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íà ÔÊÏ "Ùåëêîâñêèé áèîêîì-áèíàò" è øèðîêî ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ â ñòðàíå äëÿ áîðüáû ñáåøåíñòâîì æèâîòíûõ.

Ââåäåíèå

Â 70-å ãîäû â ñòðàíå ïðîõîäèëî áóðíîå ðàçâèòèå ñåëü-ñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà, â òîì ÷èñëå æèâîòíîâîäñòâà è ïòèöåâîä-ñòâà (ðèñ.1). Áûñòðûìè òåìïàìè óâåëè÷èâàëîñü ïîãîëîâüåñêîòà è ïòèöû. Ïåðåõîä îòðàñëè íà êðóïíîìàñøòàáíûéèíòåíñèâíûé ïóòü ðàçâèòèÿ: ñòîéëîâîå è êëåòî÷íîå ñîäåð-æàíèå æèâîòíûõ, èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïðîãðåññèâíûõ ìåòîäîâñåëåêöèè è çàâîç èç-çà ðóáåæà âûñîêîïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïîðîäè êðîññîâ [1,2], ïîòðåáîâàëè äëÿ ïîääåðæàíèÿ âåòåðèíàð-íîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ êîëè÷åñòâà è êà÷åñòâà áèî-ïðåïàðàòîâ.

Âîçíèêëà îáúåêòèâíàÿ íåîáõîäèìîñòü ðàçðàáîòêè áî-ëåå ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðîôèëàêòè-÷åñêèõ, ëå÷åáíûõ è äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ. Ïîä ðó-êîâîäñòâîì È.Â.Çâÿãèíà, íà÷àëüíèêà Ãëàâíîãî óïðàâëåíèÿáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè ÌÑÕ ÑÑÑÐ íà÷àëàñüðåêîíñòðóêöèÿ áèîïðåäïðèÿòèé è â 1969 ã. áûëî ïðèíÿòîðåøåíèå î ñîçäàíèè íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî è òåõíî-ëîãè÷åñêîãî èíñòèòóòà.


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Çà âðåìÿ ñâîåé äåÿòåëüíîñòè êîëëåêòèâ èíñòèòóòà âíåñáîëüøîé âêëàä â îáëàñòü ðàçâèòèÿ ñîâðåìåííûõ ïðîìûø-ëåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé ïðîèçâîäñòâà áèîïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ æèâîò-íûõ, â íåì ñëîæèëàñü øèðîêî èçâåñòíàÿ â ñòðàíå è çà ðóáå-æîì íàó÷íàÿ øêîëà ïðîìûøëåííîé áèîòåõíîëîãèè [3].

Îñíîâíûìè âèäàìè äåÿòåëüíîñòè èíñòèòóòà ÿâëÿëèñü:ïðîâåäåíèå ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèîðèòåòíûõ ïðèêëàä-íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé â îáëàñòè áèîòåõíîëîãèè è âåòåðèíà-ðèè; ðàçðàáîòêà ñðåäñòâ äèàãíîñòèêè, ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé ïðî-ôèëàêòèêè è òåðàïèè èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ;ñîçäàíèå ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ âèäîâ ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñ-êîé ïðîäóêöèè íà îñíîâå áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûõ âåùåñòâè ñûðüÿ ïðèðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ; ïðîâåäåíèå èññëåäî-âàíèé èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà æèâîòíûõ è ïîñòâàêöèíàëüíîãîèììóíèòåòà; âíåäðåíèå ñèñòåì ìåíåäæìåíòà êà÷åñòâà ïîòðåáîâàíèÿì GLP è GMP è ISO 9001 äëÿ ðàçðàáîò÷èêîâ èïðîèçâîäèòåëåé ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ; ìåòîäîëîãèÿ ðå-øåíèÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ è ñàíèòàðíûõ ïðîáëåì ïðåäïðèÿòèéÀÏÊ; ìàðêåòèíãîâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî àíàëèçó è ïðîãíîçóðàçâèòèÿ àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè; èçäàíèåíàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ, ìàòåðèàëîâ êîíôåðåíöèé, ìåòîäè÷åñêèõïîñîáèé; îêàçàíèå íàó÷íî-êîíñóëüòàòèâíûõ óñëóã è ó÷àñ-òèå â ïîäãîòîâêå ñïåöèàëèñòîâ äëÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðî-ìûøëåííîñòè.

Öåëü äàííîé ñòàòüè – íà ïðèìåðå ðàçðàáîòêè äâóõêóëüòóðàëüíûõ ïðîòèâîâèðóñíûõ âàêöèí ïðîòèâ áîëåçíèÌàðåêà è áåøåíñòâà æèâîòíûõ, êàê íàèáîëåå âûñîêîòåõíî-ëîãè÷íûõ è âîñòðåáîâàííûõ â ñòðàíå, ïîêàçàòü ìåòîäîëî-ãèþ íàó÷íûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé îò ïðîáëåìíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ äî âíåäðåíèÿ â ïðîèçâîäñòâî è âåòåðè-íàðíóþ ïðàêòèêó. Â ðàáîòå áûëè èñïîëüçîâàíû íîâåéøèåäîñòèæåíèÿ ìîëåêóëÿðíîé áèîëîãèè è âèðóñîëîãèè, ýòîïîçâîëèëî ñîçäàòü èííîâàöèîííûå òåõíîëîãèè íà âûñîêîìíàó÷íîì è òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîì óðîâíå è ïîëó÷èòü âûñîêèéýêîíîìè÷åñêèé ýôôåêò ïðè ïðîèçâîäñòâå è ïðè èñïîëüçî-âàíèè ïî íàçíà÷åíèþ äëÿ öåëåâûõ æèâîòíûõ.

Êóëüòóðàëüíûå âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ áîëåçíè Ìàðåêà. Áî-ëåçíü Ìàðåêà (ÁÌ) ðåãèñòðèðîâàëàñü ïðàêòè÷åñêè âî âñåõñòðàíàõ ìèðà ñ ðàçâèòûì ïòèöåâîäñòâîì è íàíîñèëà îãðîì-íûé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé óùåðá. Îí ñêëàäûâàåòñÿ èç ïîâûøåí-íîãî îòõîäà ïòèö, ñíèæåíèÿ èõ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè è äîïîëíè-òåëüíûõ ðàñõîäîâ íà âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûå ìåðîïðèÿ-òèÿ. Ñìåðòíîñòü îò èíôåêöèè êîëåáëåòñÿ îò åäèíè÷íûõñëó÷àåâ äî 70–80%. Ïðè êëàññè÷åñêîé ôîðìå çàáîëåâàíèÿïîðàæàþòñÿ äî 10% ñòàäà, ïðè îñòðîé – 30%. Îñíîâíûììåòîäîì áîðüáû ñ áîëåçíüþ Ìàðåêà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñïåöèôè÷åñ-êàÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêà [4].

Â Ðîññèè áîëåçíü Ìàðåêà ïîä íàçâàíèåì "íåéðîëèì-ôîìàòîç ïòèö" âïåðâûå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàëè â 30–40-å ãîäû,êîãäà â ÑØÀ, Àíãëèè è Åâðîïå áûëà ýïèçîîòèÿ ÁÌ. Âíà÷àëå 70-õ ãîäîâ íåáëàãîïîëó÷èå ïî çàáîëåâàíèþ óæåáûëî âûÿâëåíî â 76% îáñëåäîâàííûõ õîçÿéñòâ. Áûñòðîåðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå çàáîëåâàíèÿ è âûñîêèé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèéóùåðá ñîçäàâàëè óãðîæàþùåå ïîëîæåíèå äëÿ ïòèöåâîä-ñòâà. Âîçíèêëà ïîòðåáíîñòü â ïëàíîâîé âàêöèíàöèè.

Íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíîé è øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîé âîâñåì ìèðå ñ÷èòàëàñü âàêöèíà íà îñíîâå âèðóñà ãåðïåñàèíäåéêè (ÂÃÈ), øòàìì FC-126. Áûëè èçó÷åíû ñâîéñòâà 7øòàììîâ ÂÃÈ (5 çàðóáåæíûõ è 2 âûäåëåííûõ âî ÂÍÈ-ÒÈÁÏ), â êà÷åñòâå ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêèîòå÷åñòâåííîé âàêöèíû áûë îòîáðàí øòàìì FC-126, êàêíàèáîëåå êîððåëèðóþùèé ñ èììóíîãåííîñòüþ. Øòàììëåãêî ñòàáèëèçèðîâàëñÿ âî âíåêëåòî÷íîì ñîñòîÿíèè, áûëìåíåå îïàñíûì äëÿ öûïëÿò è íå òðåáîâàë àòòåíóàöèè.

Äëÿ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ÂÃÈ â êóëüòóðå êëåòîê ýìáðèîíîâïòèö çà ðóáåæîì èñïîëüçîâàëè ýìáðèîíû ÑÏÔ ïòèö. Âíàøåé ñòðàíå â òîò ïåðèîä îòñóòñòâîâàëè ÑÏÔ-õîçÿéñòâà,ïîýòîìó äëÿ èíèöèàöèè èññëåäîâàíèé áûëè âûáðàíû ïåðå-ïåëà, ó÷èòûâàÿ èõ åñòåñòâåííóþ óñòîé÷èâîñòü ê âèðóñàì.

Äëÿ íàó÷íîãî îáîñíîâàíèÿ ïðîìûøëåííîé òåõíîëî-

ãèè ïðîèçâîäñòâà êóëüòóðàëüíîé âàêöèíû áûëè èçó÷åíûîñîáåííîñòè âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ âèðóñà ñ êëåòêîé è óñëîâèÿðåïðîäóêöèè êëåòî÷íî-ñâÿçàííîãî âèðóñà. Áûëî óñòàíîâ-ëåíî, ÷òî âî âðàùàþùèõñÿ ñîñóäàõ óðîæàé êëåòîê â ìîíî-ñëîå è, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, âèðóñîâ óâåëè÷èâàëñÿ íà åäèíèöóïëîùàäè ïî÷òè â 10 ðàç. Ïîýòîìó äëÿ ìàñøòàáèðîâàíèÿïðîöåññà è âíåäðåíèÿ â ïðîèçâîäñòâî áûëè ñêîíñòðóèðîâà-íû ðîëëåðíûå àïïàðàòû, â òîì ÷èñëå è ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõìàñøòàáîâ (Àâò. ñâèä-âî íà ïðîìûøëåííûé îáðàçåö¹12088, 20.04.1981).

Â ðåçóëüòàòå êîìïëåêñíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñ ó÷àñòèåìñîòðóäíèêîâ ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ, ÂÍÈÂÈÏ è ÂÃÍÊÈ âïåðâûå âñòðàíå áûëè ñîçäàíû æèäêàÿ è ñóõàÿ êóëüòóðàëüíûå âèðóñ-âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ áîëåçíè Ìàðåêà èç âèðóñà ãåðïåñà èíäååê,øòàìì FC-126 [4]. Â ïðîöåññå ðàçðàáîòêè, îñâîåíèÿ òåõíî-ëîãèè è êîíòðîëÿ ïðåïàðàòà áûëî ïîëó÷åíî áîëåå 20àâòîðñêèõ ñâèäåòåëüñòâ è ïàòåíòîâ (4 – âàêöèíû, 3 – ðîë-ëåðíûå àïïàðàòû, 6 – ñïîñîáû èçãîòîâëåíèÿ, 6 – ìåòîäûêîíòðîëÿ âàêöèíû è òåñò-ñèñòåìû è äð.). Áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíûè óòâåðæäåíû ÃÓÂ ÌÑÕ ÑÑÑÐ 11 êîìïëåêòîâ ÍÒÄ íàèçãîòîâëåíèå, êîíòðîëü, ïðèìåíåíèå âàêöèíû è èçäàíûìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ. Ïðîìûøëåííàÿ òåõíîëîãèÿ ñå-ðèéíîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà æèäêîé è ñóõîé âàêöèí áûëà âíå-äðåíà íà 6 áèîïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ ñòðàíû â îáúåìå 1,5 ìëðä. äîçâ ãîä. Âàêöèíà èñïîëüçîâàëàñü â ïòèöåõîçÿéñòâàõ, òîëüêîçà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé ýôôåêò ñîñòàâèë âõîçÿéñòâàõ ÿè÷íîãî è ìÿñíîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ íà 1 òûñ. ãîëîâïðèâèòîé ïòèöû 360 è 280 ðóá. ñîîòâåòñòâåííî [4].

Âàêöèíû èç ÂÃÈ, øòàìì FC-126 ìíîãèå ãîäû èìåëèïðåâàëèðóþùåå çíà÷åíèå, îäíàêî óæå â êîíöå 80-õ ãîäîâ,êàê â Ðîññèè, òàê è â äðóãèõ ñòðàíàõ ìèðà, ñòàëî î÷åâèäíûìñíèæåíèå ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïðîôèëàêòèêè áîëåçíè Ìàðåêàèìåþùèìèñÿ âàêöèíàìè. Ñîòðóäíèêàìè ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ áûëîïðåäïðèíÿòî òùàòåëüíîå èçó÷åíèå àíòèãåííûõ è èììóíî-ãåííûõ ñâîéñòâ èíôåêöèîííûõ è âàêöèííûõ øòàììîâ âè-ðóñà ãåðïåñà èíäååê è ãåðïåñà êóð ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïîëè-è ìîíîêëîíàëüíûõ àíòèòåë, äëÿ ÷åãî âïåðâûå â ñòðàíå áûëàðàçðàáîòàíà òåñò-ñèñòåìà ÈÔÀ (ÒÓ 9388-038-00008964-97). Èç áëàãîïîëó÷íîãî ïî ÁÌ ïòèöåõîçÿéñòâà áûëè âûäå-ëåíû è èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíû øòàììû âèðóñà ãåðïåñà êóð(ÂÃÊ) "42" è "50", êîòîðûå èñïîëüçîâàëè â êà÷åñòâå êîìïî-íåíòîâ íîâîé ïîëèâàëåíòíîé ñóõîé âàêöèíû ÏÎËÈÌÀÐÅÊ(ÂÃÈ, øò. FC-126 è ÂÃÊ, øò. "42" è "50"). Âàêöèíà áûëàâíåäðåíà â ïðîèçâîäñòâî íà ÔÊÏ "Êóðñêàÿ áèîôàáðèêà-ôèðìà "ÁÈÎÊ", êîòîðàÿ ñåãîäíÿ âûïóñêàåò ìîíî-, áè- èïîëèâàëåíòíûå ïðåïàðàòû [5]. Îíè, êàê ïëàíîâàÿ âàêöèíàöèÿ,øèðîêî ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ â ïòèöåõîçÿéñòâàõ ñòðàíû, îáåñïå÷è-âàÿ ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîå áëàãîïîëó÷èå ïî áîëåçíè Ìàðåêà.

Êóëüòóðàëüíûå èíàêòèâèðîâàííûå àíòèðàáè÷åñêèåâàêöèíû. Ïî Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîìó çàäàíèþ ÃÊÍÒ 11.03"Ðàçðàáîòàòü òåõíîëîãèþ èçãîòîâëåíèÿ, ìåòîäû êîíòðîëÿ,ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè è âíåäðèòü â ïðîìûøëåííîå ïðîèçâîäñòâîè âåòåðèíàðíóþ ïðàêòèêó áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûå áåçâðåäíûåàíòèðàáè÷åñêèå âàêöèíû" â 1972 ã. îòäåë ïðîòèâîâèðóñ-íûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ ïðèñòóïèë ê ðàçðàáîòêå èíàê-òèâèðîâàííûõ àíòèðàáè÷åñêèõ âàêöèí äëÿ æèâîòíûõ íàêëåòî÷íî-êóëüòóðàëüíîé îñíîâå âçàìåí ìîçãîâûõ ïðåïàðà-òîâ, îáëàäàþùèõ îñòàòî÷íîé âèðóëåíòíîñòüþ, íåðåäêîâûçûâàþùèõ íåâðîëîãè÷åñêèå îñëîæíåíèÿ è òàÿùèå óãðî-çó ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ïðèîíîâîé èíôåêöèè ñðåäè ïðèâèòîãîïîãîëîâüÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ è äîìàøíèõ æèâîòíûõ.

Äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ çàäàíèÿ íåîáõîäèìî áûëî îïðåäå-ëèòü àêòóàëüíóþ êëåòî÷íóþ êóëüòóðó, àäàïòèðîâàòü ê íåéïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé øòàìì ôèêñèðîâàííîãî âèðóñà áåøåí-ñòâà (ÂÁ), ðàçðàáîòàòü ðåöåïòóðó âûñîêî èììóíîãåííîéâàêöèíû è ïðîìûøëåííóþ òåõíîëîãèþ åå èçãîòîâëåíèÿ.

Ëàáîðàòîðíûìè èññëåäîâàíèÿìè áûëà ïîêàçàíà âîç-ìîæíîñòü ñòàáèëüíîãî ïîëó÷åíèÿ âèðóññîäåðæàùåãî ìà-òåðèàëà â êóëüòóðå ïåðåâèâàåìûõ êëåòîê ÂÍÊ-21/13 äëÿñîçäàíèÿ êóëüòóðàëüíûõ àíòèðàáè÷åñêèõ âàêöèí (ÊÀÂ) ñ


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èììóíîãåííîé ïîòåíöèåé íà óðîâíå ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñòàí-äàðòà (1ÌÅ/ñì3). Äëÿ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ è ïðîèçâîäñòâåí-íûõ öåëåé áûë ñîçäàí è çàëîæåí íà õðàíåíèå â æèäêèé àçîòòðåõñòóïåí÷àòûé áàíê êëåòîê, àäàïòèðîâàííûõ ê ðîñòó âðàçëè÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ. Ñïóñòÿ 40 ëåò õðàíåíèÿ êëåòêè íåóòðàòèëè ðîñòîâûõ ñâîéñòâ è ñ îäèíàêîâûì óñïåõîì ðàç-ìíîæàþòñÿ è â ìîíîñëîå è â ñóñïåíçèè. Ýòî íàäåæíîîáåñïå÷èâàåò áåñïåðåáîéíîå ïðîèçâîäñòâî ñòàíäàðòíûìêëåòî÷íûì ñûðüåì.

Ìåòîäîì ïåðåìåæàþùèõ ïàññàæåé (ìîçã îâåö – ìîçãìûøè – êóëüòóðû êëåòîê) è öåëåíàïðàâëåííûì ñåëåêöèî-íèðîâàíèåì âèðóñà, øòàìì "Îâå÷èé", áûë ïîëó÷åí íîâûéïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé øòàìì ÂÁ ñî ñòàáèëüíûìè êóëüòóðàëü-íûìè è áèîëîãè÷åñêèìè ñâîéñòâàìè [6], êîòîðûé äåïîíè-ðîâàëè â êîëëåêöèè ÂÃÍÊÈ âåòïðåïàðàòîâ ïîä ¹81, êàê"Ùåëêîâî-51". Â 2018 ã. ñåêâåíèðîâàíèåì èíàêòèâèðîâàí-íûõ îáðàçöîâ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî âèðóñà ïîäòâåðæäåíàèäåíòè÷íîñòü ñ èñõîäíûì "Îâå÷èé" íà 100%, ÷òî ñâèäå-òåëüñòâóåò î âûñîêîé ñòàáèëüíîñòè âèðóñà [7].

Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ðåïðîäóêöèè ÂÁ, øòàìì "Ùåëêîâî-51" â êóëüòóðå ïåðåâèâàåìûõ êëåòîê ÂÍÊ-21/13 ñâèäå-òåëüñòâîâàëè î âîçìîæíîñòè ïîëó÷åíèÿ âèðóñíîãî ìàòå-ðèàëà ñ èììóíîãåííîñòüþ íà óðîâíå ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñòàí-äàðòà – 1,0 ÌÅ/ñì3. Áûë ñäåëàí ïðîðûâ â âàêöèíîëîãèè –âïåðâûå â ìèðå áûëà äîêàçàíà âîçìîæíîñòü êóëüòèâèðîâà-íèÿ ÂÁ â ïåðåâèâàåìîé ëèíèè êëåòîê ÂÍÊ-21/13 äëÿ ïðî-ìûøëåííîãî èçãîòîâëåíèÿ âûñîêî èììóííûõ àíòèðàáè-÷åñêèõ âàêöèí äëÿ æèâîòíûõ [8]. Ýòîò ñïîñîá ïî ñðàâíå-íèþ ñ ìîçãîâûìè âàêöèíàìè, áûë áîëåå ïðîèçâîäèòåëü-íûì è ýêîíîìè÷íûì – âûõîä âèðóñà èç îäíîãî 5-ëèòðîâîãîñîñóäà â ðîëëåðíîì àïïàðàòå áûë ýêâèâàëåíòåí ïðîèçâî-äèìîìó èç ìîçãîâûõ òêàíåé 3–4 îâåö. Âíåäðåíèå ðîëëåð-íîé òåõíîëîãèè â ïðîèçâîäñòâî ïîçâîëèëî ñîõðàíèòüáîëåå 50 òûñ. îâåö â ãîä è ïîâûñèòü ýôôåêòèâíîñòü èáåçîïàñíîñòü âàêöèí. Ïåðâûå ïîëåâûå èñïûòàíèÿ â íåáëà-ãîïîëó÷íûõ ïî áåøåíñòâó ðàéîíàõ (ïðèâèòî 1866 ãîëîâÊÐÑ) ïîêàçàëè âûñîêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ÊÀÂ.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, âïåðâûå â ñòðàíå áûëà ðàçðàáîòàíàòåõíîëîãèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïåðâîé îòå÷åñòâåííîé "Ñóõîéèíàêòèâèðîâàííîé àíòèðàáè÷åñêîé âàêöèíû èç âèðóñà áå-øåíñòâà, øòàìì "Øåëêîâî-51". Íîâèçíà âàêöèíû ïîä-òâåðæäåíà 3 ïàòåíòàìè. ÍÒÄ íà èçãîòîâëåíèå, òåõíè÷åñêèåóñëîâèÿ (ÒÓ 46-21-276-76) è âðåìåííîå íàñòàâëåíèå ïîïðèìåíåíèþ áûëè óòâåðæäåíû ÃÓÂ ÌÑÕ. Ñïåöèàëèñòûâåäóùèõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé ñòðàíû (ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ, ÂÃÍÊÈ, ÍÈÈ-ÝÌ èì. Ã.Ô. Ãàìàëåÿ, ÃÈÑÊ èì. Ë.À. Òàðàñåâè÷à è äð.)ïðèçíàëè ÊÀÂ ïåðñïåêòèâíîé àíòèðàáè÷åñêîé âàêöèíîé èðåêîìåíäîâàëè åå äëÿ øèðîêèõ ïîëåâûõ èñïûòàíèé. Âñåãîçà ãîäû ðàçðàáîòêè è èñïûòàíèé ÊÀÂ â ðàçëè÷íûõ ðåãèî-íàõ ñòðàíû áûëî èììóíèçèðîâàíî îêîëî 1 ìëí. ÊÐÑ, áîëåå3 òûñ. îâåö è 54,7 òûñ. ñîáàê ñ ïîëîæèòåëüíûì ýôôåêòîì.Ýòî ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàëî î âûñîêîé ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîé ýô-ôåêòèâíîñòè ÊÀÂ äëÿ ðàçíûõ ãðóïï æèâîòíûõ. Ïðèìåíå-íèå âàêöèíû ïðèâåëî ê ñíèæåíèþ çàáîëåâàåìîñòè áåøåí-ñòâîì ñðåäè æèâîòíûõ. Ýòè äîñòèæåíèÿ áûëè äîëîæåíûíà 21-ì Âñåìèðíîì âåòåðèíàðíîì êîíãðåññå [9].

Ïðîèçâîäñòâî âàêöèíû áûëî îñâîåíî íà ÔÊÏ "Ùåë-êîâñêèé êîìáèíàò" (ðåàëèçîâàíî 5,43 ìëí äîç) è íà Ãðóçèí-ñêîì áèîêîìáèíàòå (2,67 ìëí äîç).

Íåîáõîäèìîñòü óâåëè÷åíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà èììóíîïðå-ïàðàòîâ, ðàçâèòèå ìîëåêóëÿðíîé áèîëîãèè è ðàçðàáîòêàîòå÷åñòâåííûõ áèîðåàêòîðîâ ÿâèëèñü ñòèìóëîì äëÿ äàëü-íåéøåãî óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ âàêöèí. Òàê, ðîëëåðíàÿ òåõ-íîëîãèÿ ÊÀÂ áûëà ïåðåâåäåíà íà ðåàêòîðíóþ, äëÿ ýòîãîïðîâåëè àäàïòàöèþ èíôèöèðîâàííûõ ÂÁ êëåòîê äëÿ ðîñòàíà ïîâåðõíîñòè ìèêðîíîñèòåëåé (ÌÍ), îïòèìèçèðîâàëèðîñòîâóþ ñðåäó è ðåæèì êóëüòèâèðîâàíèÿ â ëæåñóñïåíçèè.Áûë ðàçðàáîòàí îòå÷åñòâåííûé ÌÍ (ÂÈ-3, ïàò. RU ¹1565026, 19.04.88). Ðåàêòîðíûì ñïîñîáîì áûëè ïîëó÷åíûàäúþâàíò-âàêöèíà "Ðàáàâàê" äëÿ êðóïíîãî è ìåëêîãî ðîãà-

òîãî ñêîòà, êîòîðóþ àïðîáèðîâàëè â õîçÿéñòâàõ ÐÔ ñâûñîêèì ýêîíîìè÷åñêèì ýôôåêòîì (2,4 ìëí. ðóá. íà 1 ìëí.äîç), ñóõàÿ "Ðàáèêàí", æèäêàÿ "Ðàáèêîâ" è äð. Â êîíöå 1995ã. ïðîèçîøåë ïðîöåññ ïîëíîé çàìåíû íåáåçîïàñíûõ òêàíå-âî-ìîçãîâûõ âàêöèí íà áîëåå èììóíîãåííûå è áåçîïàñíûåïðåïàðàòû èç øòàììà "Ùåëêîâî-51".

Âàêöèíû íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ ïðîèçâîäÿòñÿ â íàñòîÿùååâðåìÿ ïî Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûì çàäàíèÿì â êîëè÷åñòâàõ, îáåñ-ïå÷èâàþùèõ ïîòðåáíîñòü âåòåðèíàðíîé ïðàêòèêè (8–10ìëí äîç â ãîä) è ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîé èâûíóæäåííîé èììóíèçàöèè äîìàøíèõ è ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ ïðîòèâ áåøåíñòâà [10].

Âñÿ èñòîðèÿ ñîçäàíèÿ àíòèðàáè÷åñêèõ âàêöèí ñâÿçàíàñ íåïðåðûâíûì èõ óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèåì. Â ñâÿçè ñ êîì-ìåðöèàëèçàöèåé è ïîâûøåíèåì òðåáîâàíèé ê êà÷åñòâó áèî-ïðåïàðàòîâ è òåõíîëîãèè, ïîñòîÿííî òðåáóþòñÿ íîâûåòåõíè÷åñêèå ðåøåíèÿ äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ áîëåå àêòèâíûõ, ýêîíî-ìè÷íûõ è áåçîïàñíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ.

Â 2007–2010 ãã. ïåðåä èíñòèòóòîì áûëà ïîñòàâëåíàçàäà÷à â öåëÿõ èìïîðòîçàìåùåíèÿ, ðàçðàáîòàòü îòå÷åñòâåí-íûå ñòàáèëüíûå ïðè õðàíåíèè è âûñîêîèììóíîãåííûå äëÿöåëåâûõ æèâîòíûõ àíòèðàáè÷åñêèå âàêöèíû, êîòîðûå ïîêà÷åñòâåííûì ïîêàçàòåëÿì è ñîîòâåòñòâèþ òðåáîâàíèÿìGMP íå óñòóïàëè áû ëó÷øèì èìïîðòíûì îáðàçöàì. Ñöåëüþ ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ïðîèçâîäñòâà îòå÷åñòâåííûõ ïðå-ïàðàòîâ è îáúåêòèâíîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà âàêöèíàöèè è èì-ìóííîãî ñòàòóñà æèâîòíûõ âî ÂÍÈÒÈÁÏ ñîâìåñòíî ñÂÃÍÊÈ áûëè ñîçäàíû è àòòåñòîâàíû îòíîñèòåëüíî ìåæäó-íàðîäíûõ ñòàíäàðòîâ íàöèîíàëüíûå îòðàñëåâûå ñòàíäàð-òû: ðåôåðåíñ-ñûâîðîòêà è ðåôåðåíñ-âàêöèíà [11].

Âïåðâûå â èñòîðèè ñòðàíû áûëà ðàçðàáîòàíà ïðèíöè-ïèàëüíî íîâàÿ âûñîêî èììóíîãåííàÿ ýòàíîë-âàêöèíà "ÓÍÈ-ÐÝÂ" (ïàò. RU ¹ 2366457, 27.02.2008) ñ èììóíîãåííîéàêòèâíîñòüþ ³2 ÌÅ/ìë è ñðîêîì ãîäíîñòè áîëåå 2-õ ëåò[12]. Âàêöèíà íå ñîäåðæèò àíòèáèîòèêîâ è òèîìåðñàëü,ñòåðèëüíîñòü ïðåïàðàòà îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ âõîäÿùèì â ñî-ñòàâ ýòàíîëîì (10±1,0%). Èçãîòîâëåííûå è óñïåøíî èñïû-òàííûå îïûòíûå ñåðèè "ÓÍÈÐÝÂ" â ïðîöåññå äëèòåëüíî-ãî õðàíåíèÿ ñîõðàíÿëè ñòåðèëüíîñòü è èììóíîãåííóþ àê-òèâíîñòü, ïðåâûøàþùóþ çàðóáåæíûå àíàëîãè. Êðîìå ýòî-ãî ýòàíîë-âàêöèíà îáëàäàëà è äðóãèìè ïîêàçàòåëÿìè ýô-ôåêòèâíîñòè (ðèñ. 2).

Äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â îòäàëåííûõ ðåãèîíàõ ñòðàíû ñíèçêîòåìïåðàòóðíûì êëèìàòîì â 2010 ã. ïðîâîäèëèñü èñ-ñëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ðàçðàáîòêå íîâîé òåõíîëîãèè ñóõîé ÃÎÀ-àíòèðàáè÷åñêîé âàêöèíû. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òîãèäðîîêèñü àëþìèíèÿ, âêëþ÷åííàÿ â ñîñòàâ àíòèðàáè÷åñ-êîé âàêöèíû â êîìïëåêñå ñ àäñîðáèðîâàííûì íà íåì âèðó-ñîì (äî ñóøêè), ñïîñîáñòâóåò ñîõðàíåíèþ ñïåöèôè÷åñêîéàêòèâíîñòè ïðåïàðàòà. Ïðè ñóáëèìàöèîííîé ñóøêå àêòèâ-íîñòü ÃÎÀ-âàêöèíû ñíèæàëàñü òîëüêî íà 5%, áåç ÃÎÀ –îêîëî 24%. Ïîñëå ââåäåíèÿ ïðåïàðàòà ó æèâîòíûõ çíà÷è-òåëüíî ïðîëîíãèðîâàëàñü öèðêóëÿöèÿ ïîñòâàêöèíàëüíûõàíòèòåë äî óðîâíÿ 0,5 ÌÅ/ñì3, äîñòàòî÷íîãî äëÿ çàùèòûæèâîòíûõ îò áåøåíñòâà. Âàêöèíà ïðåäîõðàíÿëà îâåö è êîçîò ãèáåëè äàæå ïðè íåïîñðåäñòâåííîì çàðàæåíèè óëè÷íûìÂÁ â ìîçã â äîçàõ, ïðåâûøàþùèõ ëåòàëüíóþ. Ñëåäîâàòåëü-íî, ïðèìåíåíèå ñóõîé ÃÎÀ-âàêöèíû ïîçâîëèò ñ áîëüøåéýôôåêòèâíîñòüþ çàùèòèòü æèâîòíûõ îò áåøåíñòâà [13].

Çà âñå âðåìÿ ðàçðàáîòêè è âíåäðåíèÿ ÊÀÂ (òàáë.1) èòåñò-ñèñòåì äëÿ äèàãíîñòèêè áûëî ïîëó÷åíî îêîëî 20 ïà-òåíòîâ, çàùèùåíî ñîòðóäíèêàìè èíñòèòóòà 8 äèññåðòàöèé(1 èç íèõ äîêòîðñêàÿ), îïóáëèêîâàíà ìîíîãðàôèÿ. Âàêöè-íû è òåõíîëîãèè èõ ïðîèçâîäñòâà áûëè íåîäíîêðàòíî íà-ãðàæäåíû äèïëîìàìè è ìåäàëÿìè íà âûñòàâêàõ, ïðîâîäè-ìûõ â íàøåé ñòðàíå. Çà âðåìÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ èíàêòèâèðîâàí-íûõ àíòèðàáè÷åñêèõ âàêöèí èç ÂÁ, øòàìì "Ùåëêîâî-51"áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ïî ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè, ñòà-áèëüíîñòè è áåçâðåäíîñòè îíè íå óñòóïàþò ëó÷øèì èìïîð-òíûì àíàëîãàì.


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Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñîâìåñòíî ñ ÔÊÏ "Ùåëêîâñêèéêîìáèíàò" ïðîâîäèòñÿ öèêë íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõðàáîò ïî äàëüíåéøåìó ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ îñíîâíûõ òåõ-íîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ ïðîèçâîäñòâà âàêöèí ïðîòèâ áå-øåíñòâà (RU ¹2522866, 06.03.2013; RU ¹2538617,21.11.2014; RU¹2563542, 20.09.2015; RU¹2616898,18.04.2017). Âàêöèíû âûïóñêàþòñÿ ñ îáÿçàòåëüíûì ó÷å-òîì òðåáîâàíèé GMP, âñå òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ýòàïû âàëèäè-ðîâàíû, íà ïðîèçâîäñòâå äåéñòâóåò ñèñòåìà ìåíåäæìåíòàêà÷åñòâà. Ýòî ïîçâîëÿåò âûïóñêàòü áåçîïàñíóþ ïðîäóêöèþñî ñòàáèëüíûìè ïîêàçàòåëÿìè êà÷åñòâà è êîíêóðåíòîñïî-ñîáíóþ íà ìèðîâîì ðûíêå.

Çàêëþ÷åíèå

Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ è îñíîâíûå ýòàïû ðàçðàáîòêè, îïèñàííûåâûøå, áûëè ïðèìåíåíû â èíñòèòóòå ïðè ñîçäàíèè áîëåå 70áèîïðåïàðàòîâ è ïðîìûøëåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé (âàêöèí, äèàã-íîñòèêóìîâ, ëå÷åáíûõ ñûâîðîòîê, áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûõâåùåñòâ, ïðîáèîòèêîâ, êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê è äð.), áîëüøèí-ñòâî èç íèõ îñâîåíû â ïðîìûøëåííîì ïðîèçâîäñòâå è ðåêî-ìåíäîâàíû ê èñïîëüçîâàíèþ â âåòåðèíàðíîé ïðàêòèêå. Íàîñíîâå ïîëó÷åííîãî îïûòà áûëà ðàçðàáîòàíà áàçîâàÿ òåõíî-ëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñõåìà äëÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðà-òîâ è ãèáêàÿ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ëèíèÿ èç ìîäóëüíûõ êîíñòðóê-öèé è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, ïîçâîëÿþùàÿ ïðîèçâîäèòü ñòðóêòóð-íûå èçìåíåíèÿ ïðè ïåðåõîäå íà äðóãèå òåõíîëîãèè áåç çíà-÷èòåëüíûõ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ çàòðàò è âðåìåíè.

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Ñåëüñêîå õîçÿéñòâî â ÐÑÔÑÐ è ÐÔ 1950-2016 ãã.: æèâîòíîâîä-ñòâî (×. 14). riskprom.ru/publ/43-1-0-416.2. Ôèñèíèí, Â. È. Ðàçâèòèå ïòèöåâîäñòâà â Ðîññèè / Â. È. Ôèñèíèí// biofile.ru/bio/18739.html.3. Ñàìóéëåíêî, À.ß. Âñåðîññèéñêîìó íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîìóè òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîìó èíñòèòóòó - 50 ëåò [Òåêñò] / Ñ.À. Ãðèíü //Íàó÷íûå îñíîâû ïðîèçâîäñòâà è îáåñïå÷åíèÿ êà÷åñòâà áèîëîãè-÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ ÀÏÊ. - Ì., 2019. - Ñ.13-21.4. Ëóêèíà, Â.À. Âàêöèíà ïðîòèâ áîëåçíè Ìàðåêà è îöåíêà ååàêòèâíîñòè èììóíîôåðìåíòíûì àíàëèçîì /Â.À. Ëóêèíà //àâòîðåô-.äèññ…ä.á.í., Ì.,1992. - 46 ñ.5. ßðûãèíà, Å.È. Àíòèãåííûå è èììóíîãåííûå ñâîéñòâà øòàììîââèðóñà Ìàðåêà ïðè ñîçäàíèè ýôôåêòèâíûõ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ èïðîèçâîäñòâíåííûõ âàêöèí /Å.È. ßðûãèíà //àâòîðåô. äèññ…ä.á.í.,Ùåëêîâî, 2005. - 54.6. Ïóõîâà, Í.Ì. Ïîëó÷åíèå ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî øòàììà âèðóñàáåøåíñòâà áåøåíñòâà "Ùåëêîâî-51" /Í.Ì.Ïóõîâà// Íàó÷íûå îñíî-âû ïðîèçâîäñòâà è îáåñïå÷åíèÿ êà÷åñòâà áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðà-òîâ äëÿ ÀÏÊ. - Ì., 2019. - Ñ.52-58.7. Êðþêîâà, Å.Í. Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ïðîìûøëåííûõ òåõíîëîãèéèçãîòîâëåíèÿ âàêöèí ïðîòèâ ÿùóðà è áåøåíñòâà / Å.Í. Êðþêîâà //äèñ…ê.á.í.. - Ùåëêîâî. - 2016. - 93 ñ.8. Èâàíîâ Â.Ñ. Áåøåíñòâî æèâîòíûõ: ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî-òåîðåòè-÷åñêîå îáîñíîâàíèå ðàçðàáîòêè, ïðîèçâîäñòâà, ïðèìåíåíèÿ êóëü-òóðàëüíûõ èíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèí è íîâûå ïîäõîäû ê ïðîáëåìåýêñòðåííîé çàùèòû ÖÍÑ îò âîçáóäèòåëÿ çàáîëåâàíèÿ /Â.Ñ.Èâàíîâ//äèññ…ä.á.í. - Ùåëêîâî. -2001. - 60.9. Êóçíåöîâ, Ï.Ï. Àíòèðàáè÷åñêàÿ âàêöèíà èç ôèêñèðîâàííîãîøòàììà âèðóñà áåøåíñòâà, àäàïòèðîâàííîãî ê ïåðåâèâàåìîé ëè-íèè êëåòîê ÂÍÊ-2 [Òåêñò] / Ï.Ï. Êóçíåöîâ, Â.Ñ. Èâàíîâ, Ñ.Â. Êóçíå-öîâà // 21-é Âñåìèð.âåò.êîíãðåññ. - Ì., - 1979. - ñåêöèÿ 7,3. - Ñ.38.Ñ.Â.

10. Ñàìóéëåíêî, À.ß. Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ïðîèçâîä-ñòâà áèîïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè áåøåíñòâà æèâîòíûõ [Òåêñò]/À.ß. Ñàìóéëåíêî, Ñ.À. Ãðèíü, Í.Ì. Ïóõîâà // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðì-ëåíèå, 2018. - ¹2. - Ñ.29-3211. Ïóõîâà, Í.Ì. Êîíòðîëü êà÷åñòâà àíòèðàáè÷åñêèõ âàêöèí [Òåêñò]/ Í.Ì Ïóõîâà, Å.À., Øóáèíà, À.Ë. Åëàêîâ //Ìåòîäû îöåíêè ñîîòâåò-ñòâèÿ. - 2013.- ¹12. -Ñ.8-11.12. Ïóõîâà, Í.Ì. Æèäêàÿ àíòèðàáè÷åñêàÿ ýòàíîë-âàêöèíà äëÿ äî-ìàøíèõ æèâîòíûõ èç âèðóñà áåøåíñòâà, øòàìì "Ùåëêîâî-51" /Í.Ì.Ïóõîâà //Òðóäû Ôåäåðàëüíîãî öåíòðà îõðàíû çäîðîâüÿ æèâîòíûõ/ ÔÃÁÓ "Ôåäåðàëüíûé öåíòð îõðàíû çäîðîâüÿ æèâîòíûõ" (ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÍÈÈÇÆ"). - Ò.16. - Ì.: ÔÃÁÍÓ "Ðîñèíôîðìàãðîòåõ", 2018 - Ð. 475-48213. Ïóõîâà, Í.Ì. Àíòèòåëîèíäóöèðóþùàÿ àêòèâíîñòü â îðãàíèçìåæèâîòíûõ, èììóíèçèðîâàííûõ ñóõîé àíòèðàáè÷åñêîé ÃÎÀ-âàêöè-íîé [Òåêñò] /Í.Ì. Ïóõîâà, Í.Ê. Åðåìåö// Âåòêîðì. - 2012.-¹6.-Ñ.24-26.14. Ïóõîâà, Í.Ì. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå äîñòèæåíèé áèîòåõíîëîãèè âðàçðàáîòêå âàêöèí äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè è ëå÷åíèÿ æèâîòíûõ îòáåøåíñòâà /Í.Ì. Ïóõîâà, À.ß. Ñàìóéëåíêî, Â.È. Åðåìåö // Àêòóàëü-íàÿ áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ. - 2015. - Ò. 14. - ¹ 3. - Ñ. 91- 93.References1. Agriculture in the RSFSR and the Russian Federation 1950-2016:livestock (Part 14). riskprom.ru/publ/43-1-0-416.2. Fisinin V.I. Development of poultry farming in Russia. biofile.ru/bio/18739.html.3. Samuilenko A.Ya., Grin S.A. The 50th anniversary of the All-RussianScientific Research and Technological Institute // Scientific foundationsof the production and quality assurance of biological products for theagricultural sector. - M., 2019 .-- 13-21.4. Lukina V.A. Vaccine against Marek's disease and assessment of itsactivity by enzyme immunoassay // author's abstract. Diss. - 46 p.5. Yarygina E.I. Antigenic and immunogenic properties of Marek virusstrains when creating effective experimental and industrial vaccines //Abstract. diss ... Dr. Sc., Schelkovo, 2005 .-- 54.6. Pukhova N.M. Obtaining the production strain of rabies rabies virus"Schelkovo-51" // Scientific basis for the production and quality assuranceof biological products for the agricultural sector. - M., 2019 .- Ð.52-58.7.Kryukova E.N. Improvement of industrial technologies for themanufacture of vaccines against foot and mouth disease and rabies: dis... Ph.D. - Schelkovo. - 2016 .-93 ð.8. Ivanov V.S. Animal rabies: an experimental-theoretical justificationfor the development, production, use of inactivated culture vaccines andnew approaches to the problem of emergency protection of the centralnervous system from the causative agent//Diss.- Schelkovo. -2001.-60ð.9. Kuznetsov P.P., Ivanov V.S., Kuznetsova S.V. An anti-rabies vaccinefrom a fixed strain of rabies virus adapted to the transplanted cell line ofBHK-21 // 21st World Congress. - M., - 1979. - section 7.3. - Ð. 38.10. Pukhova N.M., Samuilenko A.Ya., Eremets V.I., Eremets N.K.,Ivanov I.V., Salov D.A., Likhasherstova S.V., Krasutkin S.N. The maindirections of the development and implementation of rabies vaccinesfrom Shchelkovo-51. Veterinary medicine, issue 95. The Ministry ofThemed Scientific Science. - 2011 .-- Ð.175-177.11.Pukhova N.M., Shubina E.A., Elakov A.L. Quality control of rabiesvaccines // Methods of conformity assessment. - 2013.- No. 12. -Ð.8-11.12. Pukhova N.M. Liquid rabies ethanol vaccine for pets from rabiesvirus, strain Schelkovo-51 // Proceedings of the Federal Center forAnimal Health / FSBI Federal Center for Animal Health (FSBI ARRIAH).- T.16. - M.: FSINI "Rosinformagroteh", 2018 - Ð. 475-48213. Pukhova N.M., Eremets N.K. Antibody-inducing activity in the bodyof animals immunized with dry anti-rabies ÍOA vaccine // Vetkorm. -2012. - No. 6. - Ð.24-26.14. Pukhova N.M., Samuilenko A.Ya., Yeremets V.I. Using theachievements of biotechnology in the development of vaccines for theprevention and treatment of animals for rabies // Actual biotechnology.- 2015. - T. 14. - No. 3. - Ð. 91-93

Æóðíàë «Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå»:îêàçûâàåì óñëóãè ïî âåðñòêå è ïå÷àòè êíèã, ìåòîäè÷åê, áðîøþð,

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Áþäæåòíûå öåíû, âûñîêîå êà÷åñòâî, îòâåòñòâåííîå èñïîëíåíèå.Äîñòàâêà âî âñå ðåãèîíû Ðîññèè


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-2ÓÄÊ: 619

Ðàçâèòèå, ðåçóëüòàòû è ïåðñïåêòèâûÂñåðîññèéñêîãî íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî èíñòèòóòàôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé è ïðèêëàäíîéïàðàçèòîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé

Àðèñîâ Ì.Â., äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîðÐÀÍ, ðóêîâîäèòåëü ÂÍÈÈÏ-ôèëèàë ÔÃÁÍÓ ÔÍÖÂÈÝÂ ÐÀÍ, ã. Ìîñêâà, e-mail: [email protected].Óñïåíñêèé À.Â., äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð,÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ, ðóêîâîäèòåëü íàó÷íîãîíàïðàâëåíèÿ ÂÍÈÈÏ-ôèëèàë ÔÃÁÍÓ ÔÍÖ ÂÈÝÂ ÐÀÍ,ã. Ìîñêâà, e-mail: [email protected].

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïàðàçèòîëîãèÿ, èíñòèòóò ãåëüìèí-òîëîãèè, Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèí, ÂÈÃÈÑ, ÂÍÈÈÏ èì. Ê.È. Ñêðÿáè-íà, ÂÍÈÈÏ – ôèëèàë ÔÃÁÍÓ ÔÍÖ ÂÈÝÂ ÐÀÍ, ãåëüìèí-òîëîãèÿ, ïàðàçèòîçû, æèâîòíûå, èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ïðåïàðàòû.

Ðåçþìå: Ïðèâåäåíû ñâåäåíèÿ ïî èñòîðèè ñîçäàíèÿ,îñíîâíûì äîñòèæåíèÿì è ðàçâèòèþ íîâûõ ôóíäàìåíòàëü-íûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé èññëåäîâàíèé Âñåðîññèé-ñêîãî íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî èíñòèòóòà ôóíäàìåíòàëü-íîé è ïðèêëàäíîé ïàðàçèòîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé.Èíñòèòóò âûïîëíÿåò íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå ðàáîòû âñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ Ïðîãðàììîé ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâà-íèé, ñîñòàâëÿþùåé îñíîâó ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ çàäàíèé. Âðåçóëüòàòå âûïîëíåíèÿ ðàáîò óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíà ìåòîäî-ëîãèÿ ìîíèòîðèíãà è ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîéñèòóàöèè ïî îñíîâíûì ãåëüìèíòîçàì ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íûõ æèâîòíûõ (ôàñöèîëåç, äèêòèîêàóëåç, ìîíèåçèîç, ñòðîí-ãèëÿòîçû æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íîãî òðàêòà, öåíóðîç è ýõèíî-êîêêîç æâà÷íûõ; àñêàðèäîç è ýõèíîêîêêîç ñâèíåé). Ðåçóëü-òàòû àíàëèçà ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè ïî ãåëüìèíòîçàìæèâîòíûõ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå è ðåàëèçàöèè öå-ëåâûõ ïðîòèâîïàðàçèòàðíûõ ïðîãðàìì. Ïðîãíîç ýïèçîî-òè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè ïî ãåëüìèíòîçàì ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íûõ æèâîòíûõ åæåãîäíî ïðåäîñòàâëÿåòñÿ â ÌÑÕ ÐÔ èïóáëèêóåòñÿ â îòêðûòîé ïå÷àòè. Ðàçðàáîòàíû íîðìàòèâ-íûå äîêóìåíòû ïî äèàãíîñòèêå è ïðîôèëàêòèêå ïàðàçèòàð-íûõ çîîíîçîâ: òðèõèíåëëåçà, ýõèíîêîêêîçà, îïèñòîðõîçà,òîêñîêàðîçà è äð. Îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå îòâîäèòñÿ ðàçðàáîòêåòåõíîëîãèé ïîëó÷åíèÿ è ïðîèçâîäñòâà ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðå-ïàðàòîâ, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ðàçíûõ ñïîñîáîâ ââåäåíèÿ, à òàê-æå ðàçðàáîòêå êîìïëåêñíûõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ áîðü-

Development, Results and Prospects ofthe All-Russian Research Institute ofFundamental and Applied Parasitologyof Animals and PlantArisov M.V., All-Russian Scientific Research Institute forFundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant- a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution"Federal Scientific Centre VIEV".Uspensky A.V., All-Russian Scientific Research Institute forFundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant- a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution"Federal Scientific Centre VIEV".

Key words: parasitology, Institute of helminthology, K.I.Skryabin, VIGIS, ASRI Parasitology named after K.I. Skryabin,VNIIP - FSC VIEV, helminthology, parasitosis, animals,researches, drugs.

Summary: Information is given on the history ofestablishment, main achievements and development of newfundamental and applied areas of research of, the All-RussianResearch Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology ofAnimals and Plant. The Institute carries out science and researchwork in accordance with the Fundamental Research Program,which forms a basis of the Tasks delegated by the State. As aresult of such work, the methodology was improved formonitoring and predicting the epizootic situation for majorhelminthiases of farm livestock (namely, fascioliasis,dictyocaulosis, monieziasis, and strongylatosis of thegastrointestinal tract; coenurosis and echinococcosis ofruminants; and ascariasis and echinococcosis of pigs). Theanalysis results of the epizootic situation on helminth infectionsof animals are used in the development and implementation ofthe Target Antiparasitic Programs. The forecast of the epizooticsituation for helminthiases of farm livestock is annually submittedto the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation andpublished in public media. Regulatory documents have beendeveloped to diagnose and prevent parasitic zoonoses: trichinosis,echinococcosis, opisthorchiasis, toxocariasis, etc. Thedevelopment of technologies for the preparation and productionof drugs suitable for various administration routes, as well as thedevelopment of integrated drugs to control animal parasitosis incombination with antioxidants, probiotics and other pathogeneticagents is of particular significance. The Institute conducts a fullrange of preclinical and clinical trials to study the safety andefficacy of new medical antiparasitic drugs for veterinary use,including biological products. A unique R&D and productionbase has been created in the Institute structure where most of theexperimental works on parasitosis are carried out on farmlivestock under production-like conditions. There areexperimental ponds where studies are carried out onhelminthiases of fish. The Central Helminthological Museum isan integral part of the Institute, which is among the five largestscientific museums in the world, and which has 2,000 helminthspecies (more than 130 Thousand storage units) in its collections.The Museum’s gold fund includes collections of referencespecimens which are types of species with more than 489 names.The Institute has a research library and a reading room, andoffers a large collection of domestic and foreign literature onparasitology and veterinary medicine.


Àðèñîâ Ì.Â.Arisov M.V.

Àðèñîâ, Ì.Â. Ðàçâèòèå, ðåçóëüòàòû è ïåðñïåêòèâû Âñåðîññèéñêîãî íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî èíñòèòóòàôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé è ïðèêëàäíîé ïàðàçèòîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé / Ì.Â. Àðèñîâ, À.Â. Óñïåíñêèé //Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. – 2020. - ¹2. – Ñ.9-12.M.V. Arisov Development, results and prospects of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and AppliedParasitology of Animals and Plant / M.V. Arisov, A.V. Uspensky // Veterinaria i kormlenie. - 2020. - N.2. - P.9-12.


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áû ñ ïàðàçèòîçàìè æèâîòíûõ â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ àíòèîêñèäàíòà-ìè, ïðîáèîòèêàìè è äðóãèìè ïàòîãåíåòè÷åñêèìè ñðåäñòâà-ìè. Èíñòèòóò ïðîâîäèò âåñü êîìïëåêñ äîêëèíè÷åñêèõ èêëèíè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî èçó÷åíèþ áåçâðåäíîñòè èýôôåêòèâíîñòè íîâûõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðîòèâîïàðàçèòàð-íûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, â òîì ÷èñ-ëå áèîïðåïàðàòîâ. Â ñòðóêòóðå èíñòèòóòà ñîçäàíà óíèêàëü-íàÿ íàó÷íî-ïðîèçâîäñòâåííàÿ áàçà, ãäå ïðîâîäÿòñÿ áîëüøàÿ÷àñòü ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ ðàáîò ïî ïàðàçèòîçàì íà ñåëüñêî-õîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ â óñëîâèÿõ, áëèçêèõ ê ïðîèçâîä-ñòâåííûì. Èìåþòñÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå ïðóäû, ãäå âûïîë-íÿþòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ãåëüìèíòîçàì ðûá. Ñîñòàâíîé ÷àñ-òüþ èíñòèòóòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ Öåíòðàëüíûé ãåëüìèíòîëîãè÷åñêèéìóçåé, âõîäÿùèé â ïÿòåðêó êðóïíåéøèõ íàó÷íûõ ìóçååâìèðà, â ôîíäàõ êîòîðîãî õðàíèòñÿ 2000 âèäîâ ãåëüìèíòîâ(áîëåå 130 òûñ. åäèíèö õðàíåíèÿ). Çîëîòîé ôîíä ìóçåÿñîñòàâëÿþò êîëëåêöèè ýòàëîííûõ ýêçåìïëÿðîâ, ÿâëÿþùèõ-ñÿ òèïàìè âèäîâ, íàñ÷èòûâàþùèå áîëåå 489 íàçâàíèé. Èí-ñòèòóò èìååò íàó÷íóþ áèáëèîòåêó, ÷èòàëüíûé çàë è ðàñïîëà-ãàåò áîëüøèì ôîíäîì îòå÷åñòâåííîé è èíîñòðàííîé ëèòåðà-òóðû ïî ïàðàçèòîëîãèè è âåòåðèíàðèè.

Æèâîòíîâîäñòâî ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâíîé îòðàñëüþ ñåëüñ-êîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà, îáåñïå÷èâàþùåå íàñåëå-íèå âûñîêîöåííûìè ïðîäóêòàìè ïèòàíèÿ (ìÿñî, ìîëîêî,ÿéöà, æèâîòíûå æèðû, ìåä è äð.), à ïðîìûøëåííîñòü –ñûðüåì (øåðñòü, êîæà, ìåõà, îâ÷èíû, ñìóøêè, âîëîñ, ùåòè-íà, ïóõ, ïåðî). Ïîëó÷åíèå ïðîäóêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ è ñûðüÿ æè-âîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ âûñîêîãî êà÷åñòâà âî ìíîãîì çà-âèñèò îò óñòîé÷èâîãî âåòåðèíàðíîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ. Ñðåäèâñåõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ ïàðàçèòàðíûå áîëåçíè çàíèìàþòçíà÷èòåëüíóþ äîëþ, âñòðå÷àþòñÿ ïîâñåìåñòíî è ñîçäàþòñóùåñòâåííóþ ïðîáëåìó â ïðîèçâîäñòâå æèâîòíîâîä÷åñ-êîé ïðîäóêöèè. Ýòî êàñàåòñÿ íå òîëüêî íåãàòèâíîãî âîçäåé-ñòâèÿ íà çäîðîâüå æèâîòíûõ, íî è ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðè÷èíîéáîëüøèõ ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ïîòåðü, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ñîêðàùåíèåìâàëîâîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïðîäóêòà, çàòðàòàìè íà ëå÷åíèå èëèêâèäàöèþ ïîñëåäñòâèé ìàññîâîãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ èí-âàçèîííûõ áîëåçíåé.

Â ñâÿçè ñ íåîáõîäèìîñòüþ è çíà÷èìîñòüþ ïàðàçèòîëî-ãè÷åñêîé íàóêè â æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêîé îòðàñëè ñòðàíû Ïðè-êàçîì Íàðîäíîãî Êîìèññàðèàòà çåìëåäåëèÿ ÑÑÑÐ îò 7àïðåëÿ 1932 ãîäà áûë îñíîâàí Âñåñîþçíûé èíñòèòóò ãåëü-ìèíòîëîãèè. Îðãàíèçàòîðîì èíñòèòóòà ñòàë âûäàþùèéñÿó÷åíûé Ãåðîé Ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêîãî òðóäà, Ëàóðåàò Ëåíèíñ-êîé è Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ïðåìèé àêàäåìèê Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèí. Â1939 ã. èíñòèòóòó áûëî ïðèñâîåíî ïî÷åòíîå èìÿ åãî îñíî-âàòåëÿ Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà (ÂÈÃÈÑ). Çà óñïåõè â ðàçâèòèè íàóêèè âûñîêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèéÏðåçèäèóì Âåðõîâíîãî Ñîâåòà ÑÑÑÐ â 1967 ã. íàãðàäèëÈíñòèòóò ãåëüìèíòîëîãèè èì. Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà îðäåíîì Òðó-äîâîãî Êðàñíîãî Çíàìåíè. Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íîãî Êîìèòåòà ÑÑÑÐ ïî íàóêå è òåõíèêå îò 29.12 1971 ã. ¹517 ÂÈÃÈÑ óòâåðæäåí ãîëîâíûì èíñòèòóòîì ïî ðàçðàáîò-êå è ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ îñíîâ ïðîôèëàêòèêè è ìåð ëèêâè-äàöèè ãåëüìèíòîçîâ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ.

Ïðèêàçîì ÔÀÍÎ Ðîññèè îò 21 èþëÿ 2014 ã. ÂÈÃÈÑïåðåèìåíîâàí â Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîåíàó÷íîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå "Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâà-òåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé è ïðèêëàäíîé ïàðàçè-òîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé èìåíè Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà". Íàè-ìåíîâàíèå èíñòèòóòà èçìåíåíî â ñâÿçè ñ ïðîâåäåíèåì íà-ó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé íå òîëüêî â îáëàñòè ãåëüìèíòîëîãèè,íî è ïî äðóãèì ðàçäåëàì ïàðàçèòîëîãèè – ïðîòîçîîëîãèè èàðàõíîýíòîìîëîãèè.

26 ìàðòà 2018 ã ÔÃÁÍÓ ÂÍÈÈÏ èì. Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíàðåîðãàíèçîâàíî âî Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëü-ñêèé èíñòèòóò ôóíäàìåíòàëüíîé è ïðèêëàäíîé ïàðàçèòî-ëîãèè æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé - ôèëèàë Ôåäåðàëüíîãî ãîñó-äàðñòâåííîãî áþäæåòíîãî íàó÷íîãî ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ "Ôåäå-

ðàëüíûé íàó÷íûé öåíòð – Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäî-âàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé âåòåðèíàðèè èìå-íè Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà è ß.Ð. Êîâàëåíêî Ðîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèèíàóê".

Â èíñòèòóòå â ðàçíîå âðåìÿ ðàáîòàëè òàêèå âûäàþùè-åñÿ ó÷åíûå: êàê Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèí, Â.Ñ. Åðøîâ, À.Ñ. Áåññîíîâ,Ð.Ñ. Øóëüö, È.Â. Îðëîâ, Ë.Ì. Ïåòðîâ, Ä.Í. Àíòèïèí, Å.Å.Øóìàêîâè÷, Â.Ã. Ãàãàðèí, Â.È. Ïåòðî÷åíêî, Ò.Ñ. Ñêàðáè-ëîâè÷, Ò.Ï. Âåñåëîâà, Ý.Õ. Äàóãàëèåâà è äð.

Â ðåçóëüòàòå ìíîãîëåòíåãî òðóäà êîëëåêòèâà ó÷åíûõèíñòèòóòà, äîñòèãíóòû çíà÷èòåëüíûå óñïåõè â ðàçâèòèèêàê òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ, òàê è ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ âîïðîñîâ ïàðàçèòî-ëîãèè.

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èíñòèòóò âûïîëíÿåò íàó÷íî-èññëå-äîâàòåëüñêèå ðàáîòû â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ Ïðîãðàììîé ôóíäà-ìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé íà 2013–2020 ãîäû, ñîñòàâëÿþ-ùåé îñíîâó ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ çàäàíèé ïî ðàçðàáîòêå ìåòî-äîëîãèè îöåíêè ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé è ôèòîñàíèòàðíîé ñèòóà-öèè íà îñíîâå èçó÷åíèÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ èôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ïàðàçèòàðíûõ ñèñòåì, ïðèíöèïîâ ìî-äåëèðîâàíèÿ è ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ ïàðàçèòàðíûõ áîëåçíåé èýôôåêòèâíûõ òåõíîëîãèé èõ ïðîôèëàêòèêè; ôóíäàìåíòàëü-íûõ îñíîâ ñîçäàíèÿ íîâûõ ìåòîäîâ äèàãíîñòèêè ñ èñïîëü-çîâàíèåì ñîâðåìåííûõ äîñòèæåíèé ìîëåêóëÿðíîé áèîëî-ãèè, èììóííîé õèìèè è ãåíåòèêè, ñðåäñòâ çàùèòû æèâîò-íûõ è ðàñòåíèé îò ïàðàçèòàðíûõ ïàòîãåíîâ.

Â ðåçóëüòàòå âûïîëíåíèÿ ðàáîò ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çà-äàíèÿ óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíà ìåòîäîëîãèÿ ìîíèòîðèíãà è ïðî-ãíîçèðîâàíèÿ ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè ïî îñíîâíûì ãåëü-ìèíòîçàì ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ (ôàñöèîëåç,äèêòèîêàóëåç, ìîíèåçèîç, ñòðîíãèëÿòîçû æåëóäî÷íî-êè-øå÷íîãî òðàêòà, öåíóðîç è ýõèíîêîêêîç æâà÷íûõ; àñêà-ðèäîç è ýõèíîêîêêîç ñâèíåé). Ðåçóëüòàòû àíàëèçà ýïèçîî-òè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè ïî ãåëüìèíòîçàì æèâîòíûõ èñïîëüçó-þòñÿ ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå è ðåàëèçàöèè öåëåâûõ ïðîòèâîïàðàçè-òàðíûõ ïðîãðàìì. Ïðîãíîç ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè ïîãåëüìèíòîçàì ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ åæåãîäíîïðåäîñòàâëÿåòñÿ â ÌÑÕ ÐÔ è ïóáëèêóåòñÿ â îòêðûòîéïå÷àòè.

Â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå îòâîäèòñÿ ðàçðà-áîòêå òåõíîëîãèé ïîëó÷åíèÿ è ïðîèçâîäñòâà ëåêàðñòâåí-íûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ è ìåòîäîâ ëå÷åíèÿ ïàðàçèòàðíûõ áîëåç-íåé, êîíñòðóèðîâàíèþ äîëãîâðåìåííûõ è àäðåñíûõ ëåêàð-ñòâåííûõ ñèñòåì íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ â âèäå ìèêðî è íàíî÷à-ñòèö, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ðàçíûõ ñïîñîáîâ ââåäåíèÿ, à òàêæåðàçðàáîòêå êîìïëåêñíûõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ áîðüáû ñïàðàçèòîçàìè æèâîòíûõ â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ àíòèîêñèäàíòàìè,ïðîáèîòèêàìè è äðóãèìè ïàòîãåíåòè÷åñêèìè ñðåäñòâàìè.

Ðàçðàáîòàíû íîâûå ëåêàðñòâåííûå ïðåïàðàòû äëÿ âå-òåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ:

– ïðåïàðàòû íà îñíîâå d-öèôèíîòðèíà äëÿ èñïîëüçîâà-íèÿ ãðóïïîâûì è èíäèâèäóàëüíûì ìåòîäàìè â áîðüáå ñýêòîïàðàçèòàìè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ ("5%ýìóëüñèÿ Ä-öèôåíîòðèíà", "Öèôåíîòðèí ñïðåÿ" è "Èíñà-êàð-ìàêñè"). Ïðåïàðàòû îêàçûâàþò ìãíîâåííîå äåéñòâèå"íîêäàóí-ýôôåêò" íà íàñåêîìûõ è êëåùåé, âîçíèêàþùèéïðè ïåðâîì êîíòàêòå ñ øåðñòüþ îáðàáîòàííîãî æèâîòíîãî.Îêàçûâàþò ðåïåëåíòíîå äåéñòâèå íà êðîâîñîñóùèõ äâó-êðûëûõ íàñåêîìûõ.

– êîìïëåêñíûé ëåêàðñòâåííûé ïðåïàðàò íà îñíîâå ëå-âîôëîêñàöèíà ãåìèãèäðàò, êëîòðèìàçîëà, äåêñàìåòàçîíàíàòðèÿ ôîñôàò, ìîêñèäåêòèíà "Óøíûå êàïëè" äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿîòèòîâ ïàðàçèòàðíîé, áàêòåðèàëüíîé è ãðèáêîâîé ýòèîëî-ãèè. Ïðåïàðàò îáåñïå÷èâàåò êîìïëåêñíîå âîçäåéñòâèå íàïàòîëîãè÷åñêèé î÷àã ïðè ìèíèìàëüíîé çàòðàòå ðàáî÷åãîâðåìåíè âåòåðèíàðíûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ íà äîïîëíèòåëüíûåîáðàáîòêè.

– ïðåïàðàòû íà îñíîâå òîëòðàçóðèëà, ñóëüôàäèìåòîê-ñèíà, òðèìåòîïðèìà ("Êîêöèäèí ÇÄ ñóñïåíçèÿ", Êîêöèäèí2,5 % ðàñòâîð). Ïðåïàðàòû îáëàäàþò êîêöèäèîöèäíûì


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äåéñòâèåì íà âñå ñòàäèè âíóòðèêëåòî÷íîãî ðàçâèòèÿ (ìå-ðîãîíèè è ãàìîãîíèè), à òàêæå íà ïîçäíèå âåãåòàòèâíûåñòàäèè ðàçâèòèÿ êîêöèäèé (ýéìåðèé), ïàðàçèòèðóþùèõ óñâèíåé – E.scarbra, Å. guevarai, Å. ðîlita, Å. perminuta, Isosporasuis, âêëþ÷àÿ êîêöèäèé, óñòîé÷èâûõ ê äðóãèì àíòèêîêöè-äèéíûì ñðåäñòâàì. Êðîìå ýòîãî ñóñïåíçèÿ îáëàäàåò øèðî-êèì àíòèáàêòåðèàëüíûì ñïåêòðîì äåéñòâèÿ â îòíîøåíèèáîëüøèíñòâà ãðàìïîëîæèòåëüíûõ è ãðàìîòðèöàòåëüíûõìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, â ò.÷. E. coli, Salmonella spp.,Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Shigella spp. äðóãèõìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ.

– êîìáèíèðîâàííûé ïðåïàðàò íà îñíîâå èâåðìåêòèíà(Èâåðáóòàí) â êîìïëåêñå ñ îðãàíè÷åñêèìè ñîåäèíåíèÿìèÈâåðáóòàí îòíîñèòñÿ ê ïðîòèâîïàðàçèòàðíûì ëåêàðñòâåí-íûì ïðåïàðàòàì ñèñòåìíîãî äåéñòâèÿ êëàññà ìàêðîöèêëè-÷åñêèõ ëàêòîíîâ ñ íîðìàëèçàöèåé ìåòàáîëè÷åñêèõ è ðåãå-íåðàòèâíûõ ïðîöåññîâ, îêàçûâàþùåå ñòèìóëèðóþùåå äåé-ñòâèå íà áåëêîâûé, óãëåâîäíûé è æèðîâîé îáìåí âåùåñòâ.

– êîìáèíèðîâàííûé ïðåïàðàò íà îñíîâå ìîêñèäåêòèíà(Ìîêñèäåêñ) â êîìïëåêñå ñ îðãàíè÷åñêèìè ñîåäèíåíèÿìèäëÿ áîðüáû ñ ýêòîïàðàçèòàìè ïòèö ñ îïòèìèçàöèåé îáìåíàâåùåñòâ è íåñïåöèôè÷åñêîé ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè.

– êîìáèíèðîâàííûé ïðåïàðàò íà îñíîâå èìèäàêëîïðè-äà, ýòîôåíïðîêñà è ïèðèïðîêñèôåíà â ôîðìå ðàñòâîðà äëÿíàðóæíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ è â ôîðìå ïîëèìåðíîé ëåíòû äëÿëå÷åíèÿ è ïðîôèëàêòèêè àðàõíîýíòîìîçîâ æèâîòíûõ. Òå-ðàïåâòè÷åñêàÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïðåïàðàòîâ ïðè ýíòîìîçàõ,àêàðîçàõ è ïîðàæåíèÿõ èêñîäîâûìè êëåùàìè æèâîòíûõ âýêñïåðèìåíòàõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 100%. Íå îòìå÷åíî ïîâòîðíîãîïîðàæåíèÿ æèâîòíûõ ýíòîìîçàìè, àêàðîçàìè è èêñîäîâû-ìè êëåùàìè â òå÷åíèå 60 ñóòîê, à òàêæå ïðåïàðàòû îêàçû-âàþò àêòèâíîå çàùèòíîå (ðåïåëëåíòíîå) äåéñòâèå îò íàïà-äåíèÿ ëåòàþùèìè êðîâîñîñóùèìè íàñåêîìûìè, ÷òî ïîä-òâåðæäàåò âûñîêóþ ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòüïðåïàðàòà.

– ñóïðàìîëåêóëÿðíûå êîìïëåêñû òðèêëàáåíäàçîëà("Òðèêëàôàñöèäà"), ôåíáåíäàçîëà, àëüáåíäàçîëà(Albendazol supramolecular), èâåðìåêòèíà, äëÿ ïðîôèëàê-òèêè è ëå÷åíèÿ ãåëüìèíòîçîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà,ëîøàäåé, îâåö è êîç. Ïðåïàðàòû ïðèãîòîâëåíû â Èíñòèòóòåýëåìåíòîîðãàíè÷åñêèõ ñîåäèíåíèè èì. Í.À. Íåñìåÿíîâàïî ìåõàíîõèìè÷åñêîé íàíîòåõíîëîãèè â èçìåëü÷èòåëÿõóäàðíî-èñòèðàþùåãî òèïà, ÷òî ïîçâîëèëî ñíèçèòü äîçè-ðîâêó è óâåëè÷èòü ýôôåêòèâíîñòü.

Ïðîèçâîäÿòñÿ è ðåàëèçóþòñÿ ïðåïàðàòû äëÿ ðûá:– "Ìèêðîñàë" äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ è ïðîôèëàêòèêè öåñòîäîçîâ

(áîòðèîöåôàëåçà, êàâèîçà è êàðèîôèëåçà) ïðóäîâûõ êàðïî-âûõ ðûá.

– "Ôèëîìåöèä" äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ è ïðîôèëàêòèêè ôèëîìåò-ðîèäîçà êàðïîâ.

Ðàçðàáîòàíû "Ñèñòåìà ñàíèòàðíî-ïàðàçèòîëîãè÷åñ-êîãî êîíòðîëÿ îõðàíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû îò èíâàçèîííûõýëåìåíòîâ ïðè ïîäãîòîâêå ê èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ñòîêîâ ñâèíî-êîìïëåêñîâ è íàâîçà", óäîñòîåííàÿ çîëîòîé ìåäàëè íà âû-ñòàâêå "Çîëîòàÿ îñåíü – 2015", "Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿïî îõðàíå âíåøíåé ñðåäû ïòèöåôàáðèê îò ïàðàçèòàðíîãîçàãðÿçíåíèÿ" ïîëó÷åíà áðîíçîâàÿ ìåäàëü Âñåðîññèéñêîéâûñòàâêè "Çîëîòàÿ îñåíü-2018".

Èçó÷åíû îñîáåííîñòè öèðêóëÿöèè òðèõèíåëëåçà â ïðè-ðîäíûõ áèîöåíîçàõ Öåíòðàëüíîãî ðåãèîíà Ðîññèè. Ïî ðå-çóëüòàòàì âûïîëíåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ðàçðàáîòàíû Ìåòî-äè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ïî ïðîôèëàêòèêå òðèõèíåëëåçà æè-âîòíûõ â îõîòíè÷üèõ õîçÿéñòâàõ. Îòðàáîòàíû îïòèìàëü-íûå ðåæèìû òðèõèíåëëîñêîïè÷åñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ òóøåê ïðî-ìûñëîâûõ æèâîòíûõ íà àïïàðàòàõ òèïà ÀÂÒ è ïàðàìåòðûïîñòàíîâêè ïîëèìåðàçíîé öåïíîé ðåàêöèè äëÿ ãåíîìíîãîòèïèðîâàíèÿ è âûÿâëåíèÿ ôèëîãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ñâÿçåé òðèõè-íåëë, öèðêóëèðóþùèõ â ïðèðîäíûõ è ñèíàíòðîïíûõ áèî-öåíîçàõ íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Èçó÷åíûìåæâèäîâûå è âíóòðèâèäîâûå ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèå

îñîáåííîñòè íåìàòîä ðîäà Trichinella.Â ðàìêàõ ðàáîò ïî ïðîáëåìå ïàðàçèòàðíûõ çîîíîçîâ

ðàçðàáîòàíû:– Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ïî äåçèíâàçèè ëè÷èíîê

òðèõèíåëë íà øêóðàõ ïóøíûõ çâåðåé.– Ìåòîä âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíîé ýêñïåðòèçû ìÿñà ïðî-

ìûñëîâûõ æèâîòíûõ ïðè ïàðàçèòàðíûõ çîîíîçàõ.– Ìåòîäèêà ïî îïðåäåëåíèþ âèäîâ ãèàðäèé ìåòîäîì

ÏÖÐ.– Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå óêàçàíèÿ ÌÓ 3.2.3163-14 "Ýïèäåìèî-

ëîãè÷åñêèé íàäçîð çà òðèõèíåëëåçîì" (îôèöèàëüíîå èçäà-íèå Ðîñïîòðåáíàäçîðà, 2014. - 26 ñ.).

– Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîéäèàãíîñòèêå ãåëüìèíòîçîîíîçîâ îõîòíè÷üå-ïðîìûñëîâûõæèâîòíûõ.

– Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ïî îáåçâðåæèâàíèþ øêóðîò äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ, èíâàçèðîâàííûõ ëè÷èíêàìè òðèõè-íåëë.

– Ìåòîäèêà ïîñòàíîâêè ïîëèìåðàçíîé öåïíîé ðåàêöèèâ ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè (ÏÖÐ-ÐÂ) ïðè îïèñòîðõîçå (Opisthorchisfelineus), ýõèíîêîêêîçå (Echinococcus granulosus), òîêñîêà-ðîçàõ (Toxocara canis è Toxocara cati).

– Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ïî îïòèìèçàöèè òðèõèíåë-ëîñêîïè÷åñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ òóøåê ïðîìûñëîâûõ æèâîòíûõíà àïïàðàòàõ òèïà ÀÂÒ.

– Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ïî óíè÷òîæåíèþ ëè÷èíîêìóõ è îâîäîâ â ïðîäóêòàõ óáîÿ è òðîôåÿõ îõîòû.

– Òåõíîëîãèÿ âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíîãî êîíòðîëÿ ìÿñ-íîé ïðîäóêöèè íà òðèõèíåëëåç.

– Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ïî äèàãíîñòèêå è ïðîôè-ëàêòèêå òðèõèíåëëåçà æèâîòíûõ â óñëîâèÿõ îõîòíè÷üèõõîçÿéñòâ.

– Êîìïëåêñíûé ìåòîä äèàãíîñòèêè òîêñîïëàçìîçà.Âïåðâûå â Ðîññèè èíñòèòóòîì ïðîâåäåíû ðàáîòû ïî

ñîçäàíèþ ãåííî-èíæåíåðíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé íà îñíîâå ðå-êîìáèíàíòíûõ ÄÍÊ ýõèíîêîêêîâ è òðèõèíåëë. Êëîíèðîâà-íû ôðàãìåíòû ãåíîâ ãåëüìèíòîâ, êîäèðóþùèå ñèíòåç ðî-äîñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ (Echinococcus è Trichinella) àíòèãåíîâ.

Ñîçäàí áèîëîãè÷åñêèé ïðåïàðàò íà îñíîâå ðåêîìáè-íàíòíûõ àíòèãåíîâ äëÿ èììóíîäèàãíîñòèêè è èììóíî-ïðîôèëàêòèêè ëàðâàëüíûõ öåñòîäîçîâ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íûõ æèâîòíûõ è ÷åëîâåêà. Ïðîâåäåí ñêðèíèíã òðàíñôîð-ìèðîâàííûõ äðîææåé Pichia pastoris, ñ öåëüþ ïîëó÷åíèÿøòàììà ïðîäóöåíòà ïðîòåêòèâíîãî àíòèãåíà Echinococcusgranulosus äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ áîëüøîãî êîëè÷åñòâà ÷èñòîãîðåêîìáèíàíòíîãî áåëêà. Ðåçóëüòàòû äàííîãî ýòàïà ðàáî-òû ïîçâîëèëè îñóùåñòâèòü äèçàéí ãåíåòè÷åñêîé êîíñòðóê-öèè, êîäèðóþùåé àíòèãåí EG95, ïðîâåñòè åå ñáîðêó, àíà-ëèç è íàðàáîòàòü â íåîáõîäèìîì äëÿ ãåíåòè÷åñêîé ìîäèôè-êàöèè îáúåìå.

Ïðèîðèòåòíûì íàïðàâëåíèåì ÿâëÿåòñÿ èçó÷åíèåâîïðîñîâ ôèòîïàðàçèòîëîãèè. Íà îñíîâàíèè ðàçðàáîòàí-íîé èíñòèòóòîì "Ìåòîäîëîãèè ïðîãíîçà ðàçâèòèÿ ãëîáîäå-ðîçà êàðòîôåëÿ â Öåíòðàëüíîì ðåãèîíå Ðîññèè" åæåãîäíîâûäàåòñÿ ïðîãíîç ðàçâèòèÿ ãëîáîäåðîçà êàðòîôåëÿ íà ïî-ñàäêàõ êàðòîôåëÿ â ëè÷íûõ ïîäñîáíûõ õîçÿéñòâàõ. Ïðî-ãíîç åæåãîäíî ïåðåäàåòñÿ â Óïðàâëåíèå ôèòîñàíèòàðíîãîêîíòðîëÿ Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà è ÔÃÓ Ðîññåëüõîçöåíòð èïóáëèêóåòñÿ â æóðíàëå "Çàùèòà è êàðàíòèí ðàñòåíèé".

Ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïàðàçèòè÷åñêèõ ôèòîíå-ìàòîä-ïåðåíîñ÷èêîâ âèðóñíûõ çàáîëåâàíèé âèíîãðàäà âÐåñïóáëèêå Êðûì. Èçó÷åíà ôàóíà è ìîðôîëîãèÿ âèäîâôèòîïàðàçèòè÷åñêèõ íåìàòîä ðèçîñôåðû âèíîãðàäà ïîëó-îñòðîâà Êðûì. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåä¸ííîé ðàáîòû â èññëå-äîâàííûõ ïî÷âåííûõ îáðàçöàõ, îòîáðàííûõ èç ðèçîñôåðûâèíîãðàäà îáíàðóæåíû ôèòîïàðàçèòè÷åñêèå íåìàòîäû 27âèäîâ èç 9 ñåìåéñòâ.

Â öåëîì ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ïðîâåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé çà2014–2019 ãã. ðàçðàáîòàíî: 13 èíñòðóêöèé, 9 òåõíè÷åñêèõóñëîâèé, 8 òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ðåãëàìåíòîâ, 3 îïûòíî-ïðî-


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ìûøëåííûõ ðåãëàìåíòà, 37 ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ïîëîæåíèé, 3ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ óêàçàíèÿ, 10 ìåòîäèê. Ïîëó÷åíî 38 ïàòåíòîâíà èçîáðåòåíèÿ. Îïóáëèêîâàíî 914 ñòàòåé, èç íèõ â èçäàíè-ÿõ èíäåêñèðóåìûõ â áàçàõ äàííûõ Web of Science – 21ñòàòüÿ, Scopus – 30, ÐÈÍÖ – 425, GoogleScholar – 652.

Èíñòèòóò ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷ëåíîì Âñåìèðíîé îðãàíèçàöèèïàðàçèòîëîãîâ, à òàêæå îáùåñòâ ïàðàçèòîëîãîâ ÑØÀ, Âå-ëèêîáðèòàíèè è Àâñòðàëèè, åæåãîäíî ïðîâîäèò ìåæäóíà-ðîäíóþ íàó÷íóþ êîíôåðåíöèþ "Òåîðèÿ è ïðàêòèêà áîðüáûñ ïàðàçèòàðíûìè áîëåçíÿìè", èçäàåò ìàòåðèàëû äîêëàäîâäàííîé êîíôåðåíöèè è åæåêâàðòàëüíûé "Ðîññèéñêèé ïàðà-çèòîëîãè÷åñêèé æóðíàë".

×ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ Óñïåíñêèé Àëåêñàíäð Âèòà-ëüåâè÷ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷ëåíîì Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîìèññèè ïî òðè-õèíåëëåçó.

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â èíñòèòóòå ðàáîòàåò 16 äîêòîðîâíàóê, èç íèõ 1 ÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ, 37 êàíäèäàòîâíàóê è 10 íàó÷íûõ ðàáîòíèêîâ áåç ñòåïåíè.

Ñîñòàâíîé ÷àñòüþ èíñòèòóòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ Öåíòðàëüíûéãåëüìèíòîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé, âõîäÿùèé â ïÿòåðêó êðóïíåé-øèõ íàó÷íûõ ìóçååâ ìèðà, â ôîíäàõ êîòîðîãî õðàíèòñÿ2000 âèäîâ ãåëüìèíòîâ (áîëåå 130 òûñ. åäèíèö õðàíåíèÿ).Çîëîòîé ôîíä ìóçåÿ ñîñòàâëÿþò êîëëåêöèè ýòàëîííûõ ýê-çåìïëÿðîâ, ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ òèïàìè âèäîâ, íàñ÷èòûâàþùèåáîëåå 489 íàçâàíèé. Èíñòèòóò èìååò íàó÷íóþ áèáëèîòåêó,÷èòàëüíûé çàë è ðàñïîëàãàåò áîëüøèì ôîíäîì îòå÷åñòâåí-íîé è èíîñòðàííîé ëèòåðàòóðû ïî ïàðàçèòîëîãèè è âåòåðè-íàðèè.

Â èíñòèòóòå ñîçäàíû âñå óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ êîì-ïëåêñà äîêëèíè÷åñêèõ è êëèíè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî

èçó÷åíèþ áåçâðåäíîñòè è ýôôåêòèâíîñòè íîâûõ ëåêàð-ñòâåííûõ ïðîòèâîïàðàçèòàðíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ âåòåðè-íàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, â òîì ÷èñëå áèîïðåïàðàòîâ. Èíñòèòóòðàñïîëàãàåò óíèêàëüíîé íàó÷íî-ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé áàçîé,ãäå ïðîâîäèòñÿ áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ ðàáîòïî ïàðàçèòîçàì íà æèâîòíûõ â óñëîâèÿõ, áëèçêèõ ê ïðîèç-âîäñòâåííûì. Èìåþòñÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå ïðóäû, ãäåâûïîëíÿþòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ïàðàçèòîçàì ðûá.

Ïåðñïåêòèâíûìè íàïðàâëåíèÿìè íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâà-íèé èíñòèòóòà ÿâëÿþòñÿ:

– èçó÷åíèå çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ è ôóíêöè-îíèðîâàíèÿ ïàðàçèòàðíûõ ñèñòåì â óñëîâèÿõ åñòåñòâåííûõè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ áèîöåíîçîâ,

– èçó÷åíèå ìåõàíèçìîâ èììóíîãåíåçà è ïóòåé íàïðàâ-ëåííîé èììóíîêîððåêöèè,

– ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîãî ïðîöåññà è ïðîãíî-çèðîâàíèå ïàðàçèòîçîâ,

– ðàçðàáîòêà áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ íîâîãî ïîêî-ëåíèÿ, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ ðàçðûâ æèçíåííûõ öèêëîâ ïàðà-çèòîâ è îçäîðîâëåíèå õîçÿåâ îò âîçáóäèòåëåé ïàðàçèòîçîâ,

– ïîèñê íîâûõ, áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ (àíòè-ãåëüìèíòèêîâ, àêàðèöèäîâ, èíñåêòèöèäîâ è äðóãèõ ñðåäñòâçàøèòû æèâîòíûõ) è èõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ôîðì.

Ó÷èòûâàÿ íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèå îñíîâû è äîñòèæåíèÿó÷åíûõ-ïàðàçèòîëîãîâ, íàëè÷èå êâàëèôèöèðîâàííîãî íà-ó÷íîãî ïîòåíöèàëà è ìàòåðèàëüíî-òåõíè÷åñêîé áàçû, ðàç-âèòèå íîâûõ ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ íàïðàâëåíèéèññëåäîâàíèé ïîçâîëÿþò ñîçäàòü ðåàëüíóþ ñîâðåìåííóþïîääåðæêó ðàçâèòèÿ àãðàðíîé îòðàñëè íàøåé ñòðàíû.

Æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêàÿ îòðàñëü íàðÿäó ñ äðóãèìè ñåëüñêî-õîçÿéñòâåííûìè ðûíêàìè äåìîíñòðèðóåò ïîçèòèâíóþ äè-íàìèêó ïðîèçâîäñòâà. Â 2019 ã. ðîñò ïðîèçâîäñòâà â íåéñîñòàâèë 1,7% ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ 2018 ã. Îäíàêî óâåëè÷åíèåîáúåìîâ âûïóñêà ìÿñíîé ïðîäóêöèè â óñëîâèÿõ äîñòèãíó-òîãî óðîâíÿ ñàìîîáåñïå÷åííîñòè è ñëîæíîñòü ñ ðàñøèðå-íèåì äîñòóïà íà âíåøíèå ðûíêè ñêàçûâàþòñÿ íà âíóòðåí-íèõ öåíàõ è ðåíòàáåëüíîñòè ïðîèçâîäñòâà.

ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ

Ïðîèçâîäñòâî ñêîòà è ïòèöû â óáîéíîì âåñå çà 2019 ã.ñîñòàâèò 10,8 ìëí ò è ïîêàæåò ðîñò â ñðàâíåíèè ñ 2018 ã. íà180 òûñ. ò. Îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî â 2020 ã. ïðîèçâîäñòâî ìÿñàïðåâûñèò 11 ìëí ò, à óæå ê 2024 ã. ìîæåò ïðèáëèçèòüñÿ ê11,8 ìëí ò (â ãîä). Áîëåå 80% ïðîèçâîäñòâà áóäåò ïðèõî-äèòüñÿ íà ìÿñî ïòèöû è ñâèíèíó.

Ëèäåðîì ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó ìÿñà îñòàåòñÿ Öåíòðàëüíûéôåäåðàëüíûé îêðóã. Â 2020 ã. ïîêàçàòåëü òàì ìîæåò ñîñòà-âèòü 4,2 ìëí ò (äîëÿ 38% â îáùåðîññèéñêîì îáúåìå ïðîèç-âîäñòâà ìÿñà).

Ïòèöåâîäñòâî

Îñíîâíîé îòðàñëüþ ïòèöåâîäñòâà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîèçâîä-ñòâî ìÿñà ïòèöû. Íà÷èíàÿ ñ 2019 ã. åæåãîäíîå ïðîèçâîä-ñòâî âîçìîæíî íà óðîâíå âûøå 5 ìëí ò ìÿñà, à ê 2024 ãîäóîíî ìîæåò óâåëè÷èòüñÿ äî 5,3 ìëí ò.

Ñóùåñòâåííûé ïðèðîñò ïðîäîëæàåò äåìîíñòðèðîâàòüïðîèçâîäñòâî ìÿñà èíäåéêè. Â 2019 ãîäó îíî ñîñòàâèëî 288òûñ. ò â óáîéíîì âåñå, ÷òî íà 17 òûñ. ò ïðåâûøàåò ïîêàçà-òåëü 2018 ã. Ñïðîñ íà ìÿñî èíäåéêè îñòàåòñÿ âûñîêèì,äèåòè÷íîñòü è íèçêîå ñîäåðæàíèå æèðà ÿâëÿþòñÿ êîíêó-ðåíòíûì ïðåèìóùåñòâîì èíäþøàòèíû îòíîñèòåëüíî ìÿñàáðîéëåðîâ è ñâèíèíû.

Ñâèíîâîäñòâî

Ðîññèÿ äîñòèãëà 100% ñàìîîáåñïå÷åííîñòè ñâèíèíîéíà âíóòðåííåì ðûíêå, à èìïîðò è ýêñïîðò ñîñòàâèëè 100òûñ. ò. Äàëüíåéøèé ðîñò ïðîèçâîäñòâà âîçìîæåí â ñëó÷àå

ðàñøèðåíèÿ ãåîãðàôèè ïîñòàâîê äëÿ îòå÷åñòâåííûõ ïðîèç-âîäèòåëåé. Ïðè ýòîì ñ 1 ÿíâàðÿ 2020 ã. âñòóïèëè â ñèëóíîâûå ïðàâèëà ââîçà ñâèíèíû â Ðîññèþ: âìåñòî ðàíååñóùåñòâîâàâøåé êâîòû íà èìïîðò ââåäåíà ïîøëèíà â ðàç-ìåðå 25% íà âåñü èìïîðò ñâèíèíû. Ýòî ïîâûñèò êîíêóðåí-òîñïîñîáíîñòü îòå÷åñòâåííîé ïðîäóêöèè è ïîìîæåò ðîñ-ñèéñêèì ïðîèçâîäèòåëÿì óâåëè÷èòü ñáûò íà âíóòðåííåìðûíêå.

ÖÅÍÛ

Ñðåäíèå öåíû íà ñâèíèíó è ìÿñî êóð â óáîéíîì âåñå â2019 ã. ñíèæàëèñü â ñâÿçè ñ ðîñòîì ïðåäëîæåíèÿ íà âíóò-ðåííåì ðûíêå ïðè îòíîñèòåëüíî ñòàáèëüíîì ñïðîñå.

Ñòîèìîñòü ñâèíèíû ó ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé ñíèçèëàñü äîñàìîãî íèçêîãî óðîâíÿ çà ïîñëåäíèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò. Ñâÿçà-íî ýòî ñ ïðîäîëæàþùèìñÿ ðîñòîì ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðè äîñ-òèãíóòîì ïîêàçàòåëå ñàìîîáåñïå÷åííîñòè. Ñíèæåíèå öåíïðèâåëî ê ðîñòó ïîòðåáëåíèÿ ñâèíèíû. Äëÿ ñòàáèëèçàöèèöåí íåîáõîäèìî íàðàùèâàòü ýêñïîðò è çàìåùàòü òåêóùèéèìïîðò ñâèíèíû.

Óäåøåâëåíèå ñâèíèíû ïîâëåêëî çà ñîáîé ñíèæåíèåöåí íà áëèæàéøèé ñóáñòèòóò - ìÿñî ïòèöû. Ïî ïðîèçâîä-ñòâó ìÿñà ïòèöû ñòðàíà òàêæå áëèçêà ê ïîëíîé ñàìîîáåñïå-÷åííîñòè, à ñïðîñ íà íåãî íå ðàñòåò.

Òåíäåíöèÿ ñíèæåíèÿ öåí ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé íà ìÿñî ïòè-öû è ñâèíèíó âîçìîæíà è â 1 êâàðòàëå 2020 ã. (ñ íåçíà÷èòåëü-íûìè êîëåáàíèÿìè), íî â äàëüíåéøåì îæèäàåòñÿ âîñõîäÿ-ùèé òðåíä è âîçâðàò ê óðîâíþ öåí 2018 - íà÷àëà 2019 ãã.

Öåíû ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé íà ãîâÿäèíó â òå÷åíèå 2019 ã.,íàîáîðîò, ïîêàçûâàëè ïîëîæèòåëüíóþ äèíàìèêó. Îäíèìèç âàæíûõ ôàêòîðîâ ðîñòà öåí ñòàëî ïîâûøåíèå ñåáåñòîè-ìîñòè ïðîèçâîäñòâà, â ÷àñòíîñòè óâåëè÷åíèå ñòîèìîñòèêîìáèêîðìîâ. Ïðîèçâîäèòåëè, ïîêàçûâàâøèå áóðíûé ðîñòïðîèçâîäñòâà áëàãîäàðÿ ìàñøòàáíûì èíâåñòèöèÿì çà ñ÷åòêðåäèòîâ, íåñóò óáûòêè.

Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîåó÷ðåæäåíèå «Öåíòð Àãðîàíàëèòèêè»

Ðûíîê ìÿñà â Ðîññèè: èòîãè 2019 ã. è ïåðñïåêòèâû


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-3ÓÄÊ 613.281

Íàó÷íàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÂÍÈÈÏÏïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ áåçîïàñíîñòèïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ

Áóäðèê Â.Ã., êàíä. òåõí. íàóê, äèðåêòîð ÂÍÈÈÏÏ,Ìîñê. îáë., ð.ï. Ðæàâêè. Å-mail: [email protected]Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ., ä-ð áèîë. íàóê, ãëàâíûé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèêÂÍÈÈÏÏ, Ìîñê. îáë. ð.ï. Ðæàâêè. Å-mail:[email protected]Êîçàê Þ.À. êàíä. âåò íàóê. âåäóùèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèêÂÍÈÈÏÏ, Ìîñê. îáë. ð.ï. Ðæàâêè. Å-mail:[email protected]

Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóòïòèöåïåðåðàáàòûâàþùåé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè – ôèëèàëÔÍÖ "ÂÍÈÒÈÏ" ÐÀÍ (ÂÍÈÈÏÏ)

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ÂÍÈÈÏÏ, òóøêè, ÿéöåïðîäóêòû,L. monocytogenes, ñàü-ìîíåëëû, ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ áåçî-ïàñíîñòü, ïòèöåïðîäóêòû.

Ðåçþìå. Â ñòàòüå èçëîæåíû íàïðàâëåíèÿ ðàáîò ÂÍÈÈïòèöåïåðåðàáàòûâàþùåé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè ñ ìîìåíòà îá-ðàçîâàíèÿ: îò ðàçðàáîòêè ñïîñîáà äåçèíôåêöèÿ èíêóáàöè-îííûõ ÿèö è èíêóáàòîðîâ ïàðàìè ôîðìàëüäåãèäà, ñîâåð-øåíñòâîâàíèå âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïðèïðîèçâîäñòâå ïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ è ìíîãîå äðóãîå, äî ðàçðà-áîòêè íàó÷íîé êîíöåïöèè îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñ-êîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîäóêöèè ïòèöåâîäñòâà, íà÷èíàÿ ñâûðàùèâàíèÿ ïòèöû è çàêàí÷èâàÿ âûïóñêîì êîíå÷íûõ ïðî-äóêòîâ, ïðîâîäèìîé â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ è âêëþ÷àâøåé:ïðîâåäåíèå ìîíèòîðèíãà ïî âûÿâëåíèþ ñàëüìîíåëë è ëèñ-òåðèé èç ìÿñà ïòèöû â òîðãîâëå, â öåõàõ óáîÿ íà ïðåäïðè-ÿòèÿõ ñ ðàçëè÷íûì òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèì óðîâíåì ïðîèçâîä-ñòâà, â öåõå âûðàùèâàíèÿ öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ; ðàçðàáîòêó÷óâñòâèòåëüíûõ ìåòîäîâ âûÿâëåíèÿ ñàëüìîíåëë è âûÿâëå-íèÿ âèäîâîé ñïåöèôè÷íîñòè ëèñòåðèé; ðàçðàáîòêó ñïîñîáàïðîôèëàêòèêè ñàëüìîíåëëåçà ïðè âûðàùèâàíèè öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì â êîðìëåíèè ðàçðàáîòàííîãîïðîáèîòèêà Lactobacillus acidophilus ÊÁ-05; ðàçðàáîòêóñïîñîáîâ ñíèæåíèÿ ìèêðîáíîé îáñåìåíåííîñòè è ïðîôè-ëàêòèêè ïåðåêðåñòíîãî îáñåìåíåíèÿ ïîâåðõíîñòè òóøåêïòèöû ïàòîãåííîé è óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííîé ìèêðîôëîðîé;èçó÷åíèå âëèÿíèÿ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ ïðîèçâîä-ñòâà êóëèíàðíûõ èçäåëèé èç ìÿñà ïòèöû íà èõ âûæèâàå-ìîñòü ïàòîãåííûõ áàêòåðèé; ðàçðàáîòêó ñïîñîáîâ ñíèæå-íèÿ ìèêðîáíîé îáñåìåíåííîñòè è èíàêòèâàöèè ñàëüìî-

Scientific activity of VNIIPP on ensuringthe safety of poultry products

Budrik V.G., Kozak S.S., Kozak J.A.«All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of PoultryProcessing Industry» – Branch of the Federal State BudgetScientific Institution Federal Scientific Center «All-RussianResearch and Technological Poultry Institute» of RussianAcademy of Sciences (ARSRIPPI). Rzhavki

Key words: VNIIPP, carcasses, egg products, L.monocytogenes, salmonella, mi-crobiological safety, poultryproducts.

Abstract. The researches directions have been posed in thearticle of VNII poultry processing industry from the moment ofcreation: from the development of hatch-ing egg and incubatordisinfection way with formaldehyde vapor, veterinary andsanitary events in poultry products producing and many othersto the development of scientific conception of poultry productmicrobiological safety assurance from poultry rearing to finalproduct release. This work is being made lately and in-cludes:monitoring of Salmonella and Listeria detection in poultry meatin trade, in poultry slaughtering workshops at the enterpriseswith different technological level, in houses for broiler rearing;the development of some sensitive methods of Sal-monelladetection and Listeria species specificity detection; thedevelopment of the way of Salmonellosis prevention in broilerrearing with usage of probiotic devel-oped Lactobacillusacidophilus KB-0.5; the development of the ways of microbialinsemination decline and of prevention of cross contaminationof poultry carcass surfaces with pathogen and opportunisticmicroflora; research of the influence of the technologic processesof culinary poultry meat products producing on pathogen bacterialivability; the development of microbial insemination declineand Salmo-nella and Listeria inactivation at the table egg shellsurface and in liquid and dry egg products; and also thedevelopment of usage regimes for the newest disinfec-tors,alkaline and acidic detergents for houses, furniture and equipmentsanitary treatment at poultry processing enterprises.

VNIIPP employees have carried out work on update of the"Veterinary and sanitary rules for enterprises (workshops) ofpoultry processing and egg products producing" (1987) seeingveterinary and sanitary and hygienic requirements changing toenterprises and technologic equipment and processes, etc. There-quirements to enterprise territory, ventilation and conditioning,heating, lighting, water supply and sewerage in production,auxiliary and domestic rooms have been reflected in the new"Rules" edition. The requirements have been also submitted tosanitary treatment of workshops for production of freeze driedpoultry products and functional meat protein in accordance withmodern requirements.


Áóäðèê Â.Ã.Budrik V.G.

Áóäðèê, Â.Ã. Íàó÷íàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÂÍÈÈÏÏ ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ áåçîïàñíîñòè ïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ /Áóäðèê Â.Ã., Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ., Êîçàê Þ.À. // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. – 2020. – ¹2. – Ñ.13-16.Budrik, V.G. Scientific activity of VNIIPP on ensuring the safety of poultry products / Budrik V.G., Kozak S.S., Kozak J.A. //Veterinary i kormlenie. – 2020. - ¹2 – P.13-16.


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íåëë è ëèñòåðèé íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ñêîðëóïû ïèùåâûõ ÿèö, âæèäêèõ è ñóõèõ ÿéöåïðîäóêòàõ; à òàêæå ðàçðàáîòêó ðåæè-ìîâ ïðèìåíåíèÿ íîâåéøèõ äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ, ùåëî÷íûõè êèñëîòíûõ ìîþùèõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêèïîìåùåíèé, èíâåíòàðÿ è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ïòèöåïåðåðà-áàòûâàþùèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé.

Ñîòðóäíèêè ÂÍÈÈÏÏ ïðîâåëè ðàáîòû ïî îáíîâëåíèþ"Âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ ïðàâèë äëÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèé (öå-õîâ) ïåðåðàáîòêè ïòèöû è ïðîèçâîäñòâà ÿéöåïðîäóêòîâ"(1987), â ñâÿçè ñ èçìåíåíèÿìè âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ èãèãèåíè÷åñêèõ òðåáîâàíèé ê ñîäåðæàíèþ è ýêñïëóàòàöèèïðåäïðèÿòèé, òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîìó îáîðóäîâàíèþ è ïðîöåñ-ñàì è äð. Â íîâîé ðåäàêöèè "Ïðàâèë" îòðàæåíû òðåáîâà-íèÿ, êàñàþùèåñÿ òåððèòîðèè ïðåäïðèÿòèé, âåíòèëÿöèè èêîíäèöèîíèðîâàíèÿ, îòîïëåíèÿ, îñâåùåíèÿ, âîäîñíàáæå-íèÿ è êàíàëèçàöèè, ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ, âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ èáûòîâûõ ïîìåùåíèé; ïðåäñòàâëåíû òðåáîâàíèÿ, ïðåäúÿâ-ëÿåìûå ê ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêà öåõîâ ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâóïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ ñóáëèìàöèîííîé ñóøêè, ôóíêöèîíàëüíî-ãî ìÿñíîãî ïðîòåèíà ñîãëàñíî ñîâðåìåííûì òðåáîâàíèÿì.

Â 2019 ãîäó ïðîøëî 90 ëåò ñ ìîìåíòà ó÷ðåæäåíèÿïîñòàíîâëåíèåì êîëëåãèè Íàðêîìòîðãà ÑÑÑÐ îò 26.11.1929ã. ¹ 219 Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî èíñòèòóòà ïî ïòèöå-ïðîìûøëåííîñòè è ïòèöåâîäñòâó. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ "Âñå-ðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ïòèöåïå-ðåðàáàòûâàþùåé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè" (ÂÍÈÈÏÏ) ÿâëÿåòñÿôèëèàëîì Ôåäåðàëüíîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî áþäæåòíîãîíàó÷íîãî ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ Ôåäåðàëüíîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà "Âñå-ðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé è òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèéèíñòèòóò ïòèöåâîäñòâà" Ðîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê.

Îñíîâíûìè íàïðàâëåíèÿìè äåÿòåëüíîñòè Èíñòèòóòàÿâëÿþòñÿ: ñîçäàíèå è ðåàëèçàöèÿ êîìïëåêñíûõ íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðàçðàáîòîê; ðàçðàáîòêà íîâûõ è ñîâåðøåí-ñòâîâàíèå ñóùåñòâóþùèõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ ïå-ðåðàáîòêè ïòèöû âñåõ âèäîâ è ÿèö; ðàçðàáîòêà è âíåäðåíèåíîâûõ âèäîâ ïðîäóêöèè îáùåãî, äåòñêîãî, äèåòè÷åñêîãî èñïåöèàëüíîãî ïèòàíèÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìÿñà ïòèöû âñåõâèäîâ è ÿèö; ðàçðàáîòêà òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ è îïûò-íîå ïðîèçâîäñòâî ñóáëèìèðîâàííûõ ïðîäóêòîâ èç ñûðüÿæèâîòíîãî è ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ; ðàçðàáîòêà èèçãîòîâëåíèå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáîðó-äîâàíèÿ; îêàçàíèå íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé ïîìîùè ïðåäïðèÿ-òèÿì â îñâîåíèè íîâûõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ, à òàê-æå ïðîâåäåíèè òåõíè÷åñêîãî ïåðåîñíàùåíèÿ è ðåêîíñò-ðóêöèè ïðîèçâîäñòâà; ó÷àñòèå âî âíåäðåíèè íàó÷íûõ äîñ-òèæåíèé; ðàçðàáîòêà íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ ïðîãíîçîâ ðàç-âèòèÿ îòðàñëåâîé íàóêè è òåõíèêè, ïëàíîâ, ïðîãðàìì, ìå-ðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïîâûøåíèþ òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî óðîâ-íÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèé è ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ óïðàâëåíèÿ ïðîèç-âîäñòâîì; èíôîðìàöèîííî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîå îáñëóæèâàíèåíàó÷íîãî ïðîöåññà è ïîòðåáèòåëåé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîéïðîäóêöèè; îïûòíàÿ àïðîáàöèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ òåõíîëî-ãèé è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ â ñîáñòâåííîì ñòåíäîâîì çàëå è íàïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ; ïîäãîòîâêà íàó÷íûõ êàäðîâ ÷åðåç àñïèðàí-òóðó è ñîèñêàòåëüñòâî, à òàêæå ïîâûøåíèå êâàëèôèêàöèèñîòðóäíèêîâ êàê ïóòåì îáó÷åíèÿ è ñòàæèðîâêè íåïîñðåä-ñòâåííî â Èíñòèòóòå, òàê è â äðóãèõ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿõ.

Â èíñòèòóòå ðàáîòàåò 113 ñîòðóäíèêîâ, èç íèõ: 8 äîêòî-ðîâ, 14 êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê;

Â 1979 ãîäó çà çàñëóãè â ðàçâèòèè ïðîìûøëåííîãîïòèöåâîäñòâà è ïòèöåïåðåðàáàòûâàþùåé ïðîìûøëåííîñ-òè ÂÍÈÈÏÏ íàãðàæäåí îðäåíîì Òðóäîâîãî Êðàñíîãî Çíà-ìåíè.

Çà ó÷àñòèå â âûñòàâî÷íûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèÿõ (2013–2020ãã.) ÂÍÈÈÏÏ ñòàë îáëàäàòåëåì 114-òè äèïëîìîâ, 7-ìè –Ãðàí-ïðè, 32-õ – ìåäàëåé. Ïîëó÷åíî 56 ïàòåíòîâ ÐÔ íàèçîáðåòåíèÿ, ñîçäàííûå ïî òåìàòèêå èíñòèòóòà.

Óæå íà ìîìåíò îáðàçîâàíèÿ ÂÍÈÈÏÏ â ñîñòàâå èíñòè-òóòà áûëà âåòåðèíàðíaÿ ëàáîðàòîðèÿ. Ïåðâûå ðàáîòû åå

ñîòðóäíèêîâ áûëè ñâÿçàíû ñ ðàçðàáîòêîé ñïîñîáà äåçèí-ôåêöèÿ èíêóáàöèîííûõ ÿèö è èíêóáàòîðîâ ïàðàìè ôîð-ìàëüäåãèäà. Îäíîé èç âàæíåéøèõ çàäà÷, ïîñòàâëåííûõ â òîâðåìÿ ïåðåä ëàáîðàòîðèåé, áûëà áîðüáà ñ çàáîëåâàåìîñòüþïòèöû. Â ýòîì íàïðàâëåíèè ñîòðóäíèêàìè ëàáîðàòîðèèáûë âûïîëíåí áîëüøîé îáúåì ðàáîò ïî ïðîôèëàêòèêå çà-áîëåâàíèé äèôòåðèòîì, îñïîé, ëàðèíãîòðàõåèòîì êóð, êëî-àöèòîì óòîê, ñîçäàíèþ âàêöèí ïðîòèâ ïàñòåðåëëåçà, îñïû,èíôåêöèîííîãî ëàðèíãîòðàõåèòà. Òàêæå áûëè ðàçðàáîòà-íû ñïîñîáû äåçèíôåêöèè èíêóáàöèîííûõ ÿèö, êîíñåðâè-ðîâàíèè è îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ ÿéöåïðîäóêòîâ.

Â äàëüíåéøåì â ÷èñëå ðåø¸ííûõ çàäà÷, áûëî: ñîâåð-øåíñòâîâàíèå âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïðèïðîèçâîäñòâå ïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ, ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêå òåõ-íîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ è ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ ïîìå-ùåíèé ïðåäïðèÿòèé; ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ìèêðîáèîëîãè-÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ èññëåäîâàíèÿ; ðàçðàáîòêà áåçîïàñíûõ ðå-æèìîâ èçãîòîâëåíèÿ êîíñåðâîâ è êîëáàñíî-êóëèíàðíûõèçäåëèé èç ìÿñà ïòèöû è ÿèö; ðàçðàáîòêà âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ ïðàâèë äëÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèé (öåõîâ) ïåðåðàáîòêèïòèöû è ïðîèçâîäñòâà ÿéöåïðîäóêòîâ, ê ñóáëèìàöèîííûìïðîèçâîäñòâàì è ïðîäóêòàì æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿñóáëèìàöèîííîé ñóøêè, ê ïðîèçâîäñòâó ìÿñíûõ êîíñåðâîâäëÿ äåòåé ðàííåãî âîçðàñòà; ñàíèòàðíûå è âåòåðèíàðíûåòðåáîâàíèÿ ê ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ïðåäïðèÿòèé ìÿñíîé ïðî-ìûøëåííîñòè è äð.

Íàèáîëåå ñëîæíîé è òðóäíî ðåøàåìîé ïðîáëåìîé áå-çîïàñíîñòè ïðîäóêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ, â òîì ÷èñëå è ïòèöåïðîäóê-òîâ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàùèòà èõ îò áàêòåðèàëüíîãî îáñåìåíåíèÿ.Ñàëüìîíåëëåç è ëèñòåðèîç îòíîñÿòñÿ ê îäíèì èç íàèáîëååîïàñíûõ ïèùåâûõ èíôåêöèé. Çàðàæåíèå ëþäåé âîçáóäèòå-ëÿìè ýòèõ èíôåêöèè ìîæåò ïðîèñõîäèòü ÷åðåç ðàçëè÷íûåèñòî÷íèêè, â ÷èñëå êîòîðûõ çíà÷èòåëüíîå ìåñòî çàíèìàþòïðîäóêòû ïòèöåâîäñòâà.

Â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì, íåîáõîäèìî áûëî ðàçðàáîòàòü íàó÷íóþêîíöåïöèþ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñ-òè ïðîäóêöèè ïòèöåâîäñòâà îò âûðàùèâàíèÿ ïòèöû äîâûïóñêà êîíå÷íûõ ïðîäóêòîâ. Äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåí-íîé öåëè â íà÷àëå ðàáîòû ïðîâåëè ìîíèòîðèíã ïî âûÿâëå-íèþ ñàëüìîíåëë è ëèñòåðèé â áîëåå òûñÿ÷è ñìûâàõ ñ òóøåê,ñóáïðîäóêòîâ è ïîëóôàáðèêàòîâ èç ìÿñà ïòèöû, ïðåäíàçíà-÷åííûõ äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè â òîðãîâîé ñåòè. Salmonella spp.áûëè âûäåëåíû â 16,7, à L. monocytogenes â 0,78% ñëó÷àåâèññëåäîâàíèé.

Â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì â äàëüíåéøèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ áûë ïðîâå-äåí ìîíèòîðèíã ïî âûÿâëåíèþ ýòèõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ âöåõàõ óáîÿ íà ïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ ñ ðàçëè÷íûì òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèìóðîâíåì ïðîèçâîäñòâà. Óñòàíîâèëè, ÷òî, íåçàâèñèìî îòóðîâíÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå îïåðàöèè òåïëîâîéîáðàáîòêè, ñíÿòèÿ îïåðåíèÿ, ïîòðîøåíèÿ è âîäÿíîãî îõ-ëàæäåíèÿ, à òàêæå ðóêè ðàáîòíèêîâ íà ó÷àñòêàõ ïîòðî-øåíèÿ è óïàêîâêè, ìîãóò ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü äîïîëíèòåëüíî-ìó îáñåìåíåíèþ ïîâåðõíîñòè òóøåê óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííîé èïàòîãåííîé ìèêðîôëîðîé; ñîäåðæèìîå êèøå÷íèêà, çàãðÿç-íåííàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòü íîã è ïåðüåâîãî ïîêðîâà ÿâëÿþòñÿíàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíûìè èñòî÷íèêàìè âòîðè÷íîãî çàãðÿçíå-íèÿ Salmonella spp. è L. monocytogenes ïîâåðõíîñòè òóøåêè ìÿñà â ïðîöåññå ïîñëåäóþùåé òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîé ïåðåðà-áîòêè.

Â ñâÿçè, ñ ýòèì ïðîâåäåí ìîíèòîðèíã ïî âûÿâëåíèþñàëüìîíåëë â öåõå âûðàùèâàíèÿ öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ. Ïðèâñêðûòèè ïàâøèõ öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ îòìå÷åíà ïàòîëîãîà-íàòîìè÷åñêàÿ êàðòèíà, õàðàêòåðíóþ äëÿ ñàëüìîíåëëåçà, èçïàðåíõèìàòîçíûõ îðãàíîâ è æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íîãî òðàêòàöûïëÿò ïðè áàêòåðèîëîãè÷åñêîì èññëåäîâàíèè âûäåëè ñàëü-ìîíåëëû. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî èñïîëüçóåìûå â ðàöèîíàõ êîì-áèêîðìà ÿâëÿþòñÿ îäíîé èç íàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíûõ ïðè÷èíêîíòàìèíàöèè ïîâåðõíîñòè òóøåê öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ ñàëü-ìîíåëëàìè, â ñìûâàõ ñ êîòîðûõ âûäåëåíû òå æå øòàììûñàëüìîíåëë (S. typhimurium è S. enteritidis), ÷òî è â êîìáè-


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êîðìàõ, ñîäåðæèìîì ñëåïûõ îòðîñòêîâ ïàâøèõ öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ, ïîìåòå, ïîäñòèëêå, â ñìûâàõ ñ íîã è êîðìóøåêâ ïòè÷íèêàõ.

Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ìîíèòîðèíãà âîçíèêëà íåîáõîäèìîñòüðàçðàáîòàòü áîëåå ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûå ìåòîäû âûÿâëåíèÿ íà-ëè÷èÿ ñàëüìîíåëë è âûÿâëåíèÿ âèäîâîé ñïåöèôè÷íîñòèëèñòåðèé. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåä¸ííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñîòðóä-íèêàìè ÂÍÈÈÏÏ áûëà ðàçðàáîòàíà ïèòàòåëüíàÿ ñðåäà äëÿâûäåëåíèÿ ñàëüìîíåëë (ñðåäà ÊÑ). Ïðè îöåíêå ýôôåêòèâ-íîñòè îôèöèàëüíîãî ìåòîäà êîíòðîëÿ íàëè÷èÿ â ìÿñå ïòè-öû ñàëüìîíåëë, óñòàíîâèëè, ÷òî âèñìóòñóëüôèòíûé àãàð,ñðåäà Ëåâèíà è ñðåäà ÊÑ îáëàäàþò ïðèìåðíî îäèíàêîâûìèðîñòîîáåñïå÷èâàþùèìè è ñåëåêòèâíûìè ñâîéñòâàìè â îò-íîøåíèè ñàëüìîíåëë. Òàêæå áûë óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàí ìåòîäèäåíòèôèêàöèè â ìÿñå ïòèöû Listeria monocytogenes, ÷òîñîêðàòèëî âðåìÿ èññëåäîâàíèé ñ 14 äî 6 ñóòîê è îáåñïå÷èëîýôôåêòèâíîå âûÿâëåíèå è èäåíòèôèêàöèþ ëèñòåðèé.

Óæåñòî÷åíèå òðåáîâàíèé ê ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñ-òè ïðîäóêöèè ïòèöåâîäñòâà ÿâèëîñü îñíîâàíèåì ðàçðàáîò-êè ñïîñîáà ïðîôèëàêòèêè ñàëüìîíåëëåçà ïðè âûðàùèâà-íèè öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì â êîðìëåíèè ðàç-ðàáîòàííîãî ïðîáèîòèêà Lactobacillus acidophilus ÊÁ-05.Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî ïðèìåíåíèå ïðîáèîòèêàLactobacillus acidophilus ÊÁ-05 çà äâå íåäåëè ïåðåä óáîåìñíèæàåò êîíòàìèíàöèþ ïîâåðõíîñòè òóøåê ïòèöû ñàëüìî-íåëëàìè. Ïðåäëîæåííûé ñïîñîá íå âëèÿë íà îðãàíîëåïòè-÷åñêèå, ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå è ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîêà-çàòåëè ìÿñà öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ.

Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî â öåõàõ ïåðâè÷íîé ïåðåðàáîòêè ïòèöûíàèáîëåå êðèòè÷íîé òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîé îïåðàöèåé ïî ïåðå-êðåñòíîìó îáñåìåíåíèþ ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîäÿíîå îõëàæäåíèå.Íàøè èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî ïðèìåíåíèå ïðè âîäÿ-íîì îõëàæäåíèè ðàñòâîðîâ íà îñíîâå ïåðåêèñè âîäîðîäà,íàäìóðàâüèíîé è íàäóêñóñíîé êèñëîò ñíèæàåò ìèêðîáíóþîáñåìåíåííîñòü è ïðîôèëàêòèðóåò ïåðåêðåñòíîå îáñåìå-íåíèå ïîâåðõíîñòè òóøåê ïòèöû ïàòîãåííîé è óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííîé ìèêðîôëîðîé. Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé ïîêà-çàëè, ÷òî èñïîëüçóåìûå ðàñòâîðû íå âëèÿþò íà ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå è îðãàíîëåïòè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëè ìÿñà (çà èñ-êëþ÷åíèåì ïðèñóòñòâèÿ ýôôåêòà îòáåëèâàíèÿ).

Ïàòîãåííûå áàêòåðèè ìîãóò íàõîäèòüñÿ êàê íà ïîâåðõ-íîñòè òóøåê, òàê è â ãëóáîêèõ ñëîÿõ ìûøö. Â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèìèçó÷èëè âëèÿíèå òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ ïðîèçâîä-ñòâà êóëèíàðíûõ èçäåëèé èç ìÿñà ïòèöû íà èõ âûæèâàå-ìîñòü. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî äåéñòâóþùèå íà ïðåä-ïðèÿòèÿõ ðåæèìû èçãîòîâëåíèÿ âàðåíûõ êîëáàñ, âåò÷èíû,ñîñèñîê è ñàðäåëåê, êîï÷åíèÿ òóøåê öûïëÿò, çàïåêàíèÿòóøåê öûïëÿò è óòîê; ñòåðèëèçàöèè êîíñåðâîâ, áëàíøèðî-âàíèå ïîâåðõíîñòè òóøåê â ðàñòâîðàõ óêñóñíîé èëè ìîëî÷-íîé êèñëîò, âàðêà òóøåê öûïëÿò â çàêðûòîé åìêîñòè îáåñ-ïå÷èâàþò èíàêòèâàöèþ Salmonella spp. è L. monocytogenesâ ãîòîâîé ïðîäóêöèè.

Ïðè ïåðåðàáîòêå ïòèöû ïîëó÷àþò çíà÷èòåëüíûå îáú¸-ìû ïîáî÷íîãî ñûðüÿ, êîòîðîå, íåñìîòðÿ íà âûñîêóþ ïèòà-òåëüíóþ öåííîñòü, íå ïîëíîñòüþ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â ïèùåâûõöåëÿõ è çà÷àñòóþ òàêîå ñûðüå îáñåìåíåíî ïàòîãåííûìèáàêòåðèÿìè. Ïðîâåäåííûìè èññëåäîâàíèÿìè óñòàíîâèëè,÷òî èñïîëüçîâàíèå â òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîì ïðîöåññå ïðîèçâîä-ñòâà áåëêà ïèùåâîãî ïòè÷üåãî ãëóáîêîé ïàñòåðèçàöèè èñòåðèëèçàöèè áóëüîíîâ ïîçâîëÿåò èíàêòèâèðîâàòüSalmonella spp. è L. monocytogenes.

Äëÿ ïåðåðàáàòûâàþùèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé è òîðãîâîé ñåòèâàæíóþ ðîëü èãðàþò ñðîêè õðàíåíèÿ ïòèöû è ïòèöåïðî-äóêòîâ, îñîáåííî â îõëàæä¸ííîì ñîñòîÿíèè. Â ýòîì íà-ïðàâëåíèè íàìè ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî îáîñíîâàíèþè ðàçðàáîòêå ñïîñîáîâ óäëèíåíèÿ ñðîêîâ õðàíåíèÿ òóøåêöûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ â îõëàæäåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè ñ èñïîëüçî-âàíèåì àíòèìèêðîáíûõ ïîêðûòèé íà îñíîâå áèîïðèîðè-òåòíûõ ïîâåðõíîñòíî-àêòèâíûõ âåùåñòâ è òåõíîëîãè÷åñ-êîãî âñïîìîãàòåëüíîãî ñðåäñòâà íà îñíîâå íàäóêñóñíîé

êèñëîòû. Óñòàíîâèëè, ðàçðàáîòàííûå ñïîñîáû ñíèæàþòìèêðîáíóþ îáñåìåíåííîñòü è ïðîôèëàêòèðóþò ïåðåêðåñ-òíîå îáñåìåíåíèå òóøåê ïòèöû. Ïî îðãàíîëåïòè÷åñêèì,ìèêðîáèîëî-ãè÷åñêèì è ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòåëÿìòóøêè öûïëÿò-áðîéëåðîâ îñòàâàëèñü ñâåæèìè â òå÷åíèå 13ñóò. ïðè õðàíåíèè â îõëàæäåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè.

Íàðÿäó ñ ìÿñîì ïòèöû, ÿéöåïðîäóêòû òàêæå ìîãóòáûòü ïðè÷èíîé âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ïèùåâûõ îòðàâëåíèé. Óñòà-íîâèëè, ÷òî ïðè ïðîèçâîäñòâå ÿéöåïðîäóêòîâ ÿéöà ñ âèçó-àëüíî ãðÿçíîé ñêîðëóïîé ÿâëÿþòñÿ îäíèì èç èñòî÷íèêîââòîðè÷íîãî ìèêðîáíîãî îáñåìåíåíèÿ. Íàèáîëüøàÿ îïàñ-íîñòü ïåðåêðåñòíîãî îáñåìåíåíèÿ ÿéöåïðîäóêòîâ â ïðî-öåññå èõ ïåðåðàáîòêè Salmonella spp. è äðóãîé ìèêðîôëî-ðîé ïðîèñõîäèò íà ó÷àñòêå ðàñïàêîâêè ÿè÷íûõ êîðîáîê,ïðè êîíòàêòå ñ ÿè÷íûìè ïîäëîæêàìè è íà ó÷àñòêå ðàçáèâà-íèÿ ÿèö. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè, ÷òî ïðèìåíåíèå ðàçðàáî-òàííûõ ðåæèìîâ äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ñðåäñòâ ìåòîäîì îðî-øåíèÿ èëè ïîãðóæåíèÿ; ãîðÿ÷åé âîäû äëÿ ìîéêè ÿèö; îáðà-áîòêà ðåíòãåíîâñêèì òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèì èñòî÷íèêîì, èîíè-çèðóþùèì èçëó÷åíèåì, îçîíèðîâàííîé âîäîé ñ äîáàâëåíè-åì óêñóñíîé êèñëîòû ïîçâîëÿþò ñíèçèòü ìèêðîáíóþ îáñå-ìåíåííîñòü ïîâåðõíîñòè ñêîðëóïû ÿèö, èíàêòèâèðîâàòüñàëüìîíåëëû è ëèñòåðèè.

Ïàñòåðèçàöèÿ ìåëàíæà æèäêîãî ïðè îáû÷íûõ ðåæè-ìàõ ñ äîáàâëåíèåì â íåãî ïîâàðåííîé ñîëè èëè ñàõàðàîáåñïå÷èâàåò áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíóþ èíàêòèâàöèþ Salmonellaspp. Îáðàáîòêà ñóõîãî ìåëàíæà ðåíòãåíîâñêèì òåõíîëîãè-÷åñêèì èñòî÷íèêîì, èîíèçèðóþùèì èçëó÷åíèåì ïîçâîëÿ-åò ñíèçèòü ìèêðîáíóþ îáñåìåíåííîñòü è èíàêòèâèðîâàòüñàëüìîíåëëû.

Â ñèñòåìå ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ ìåð ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ ïðî-èçâîäñòâà áåçîïàñíîé ïðîäóêöèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ âûñîêîå ñàíè-òàðíîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïîìåùåíèé è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ. Ïîýòîìóïðèñòàëüíîå âíèìàíèå áûëî óäåëåíî ýòîìó âîïðîñó. Áûëèèñïûòàíû ðàáî÷èå ðàñòâîðû íîâåéøèõ ìîþùåäåçèíôèöè-ðóþùèõ, ùåëî÷íûõ è êèñëîòíûõ ìîþùèõ ñðåäñòâ. Ïðèðàçðàáîòêå ðåæèìîâ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ðàñòâîðîâ ñîâðåìåííûõìîþùèõ ñðåäñòâ íà îñíîâàíèè àíàëèçà íàñòàâëåíèé è èíñò-ðóêöèé ïî èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ùåëî÷íûõ ìîþùèõ ñðåäñòâ èðåçóëüòàòîâ èõ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ èñïûòàíèé óñòàíîâèëè,÷òî îíè ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû äëÿ ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîò-êè ïîìåùåíèé è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ â ïòèöåïåðåðàáàòûâàþùåéïðîìûøëåííîñòè. Èñïûòàííûå ùåëî÷íûå, êèñëîòíûå ìî-þùèå ñðåäñòâà îáðàçîâûâàëè íà îáðàáàòûâàåìûõ ïîâåðõ-íîñòÿõ îáèëüíóþ ïåíó, õîðîøî îòìûâàëè âèäèìûå áåëêî-âûå è æèðîâûå çàãðÿçíåíèÿ, íå îñòàâëÿëè ðàçâîäîâ è ïÿòåí,ïîëíîñòüþ ñìûâàëèñü ñ îáðàáàòûâàåìîé ïîâåðõíîñòè.Òàêæå áûë èñïûòàí ðÿä ìîþùå-äåçèíôèöèðóþùèõ ñðåäñòâ.Óñòàíîâèëè, ÷òî èñïûòàííûå ñðåäñòâà îáëàäàþò õîðîøè-ìè ìîþùèìè ñâîéñòâàìè è áàêòåðèöèäíûì äåéñòâèåì ïîîòíîøåíèþ ê E.coli; ñðåäñòâà äëÿ ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêèòàêæå îáåñïå÷èâàþò îáåççàðàæèâàíèå ïîâåðõíîñòè ðóêðàáîòíèêîâ.

Äåéñòâóþùèå ñ 1987 ãîäà "Âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûåïðàâèëà äëÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèé (öåõîâ) ïåðåðàáîòêè ïòèöû èïðîèçâîäñòâà ÿéöåïðîäóêòîâ" òðåáîâàëè îáíîâëåíèÿ, ò.ê.èçìåíèëèñü âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûå è ãèãèåíè÷åñêèå òðå-áîâàíèÿ ê ñîäåðæàíèþ è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ïðåäïðèÿòèé, òåõ-íîëîãè÷åñêîìó îáîðóäîâàíèþ, òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèì ïðîöåñ-ñàì è äð.

Ïðè âûïîëíåíèè ðàáîòû áûë èçó÷åí è ïðîàíàëèçèðî-âàíû âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûå òðåáîâàíèÿ ê òåððèòîðèèïðåäïðèÿòèé, ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûì, âñïîìîãàòåëüíûì è áû-òîâûì ïîìåùåíèÿì, âîäîñíàáæåíèþ è êàíàëèçàöèè, îñâå-ùåíèþ è âåíòèëÿöèè, òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîìó îáîðóäîâàíèþ,èíâåíòàðþ, òàðå, òðàíñïîðòó, òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèì ïðîöåññàì,öåõó ïî ïåðåðàáîòêå ïòèöû, öåõó ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó ÿè÷íûõìîðîæåíûõ è ñóõèõ ïðîäóêòîâ, ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêå ïî-ìåùåíèé, à òàêæå èñïîëüçîâàëèñü ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâà-íèé ÂÍÈÈÏÏ ïî äàííîìó íàïðàâëåíèþ.


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Íà îñíîâå èçó÷åíèÿ è àíàëèçà äîêóìåíòîâ, à òàêæåðåçóëüòàòîâ ñîáñòâåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ÂÍÈÈÏÏ ïî äàí-íîìó íàïðàâëåíèþ áûë ðàçðàáîòàí ïðîåêò ðàçäåëîâ "Ïðà-âèë".

Â äîêóìåíòå ïðåäñòàâëåíû òðåáîâàíèÿ, êàñàþùèõñÿòåððèòîðèè ïðåäïðèÿòèé (îãðàæäåíèå, ðàçìåð ñàíèòàðíî-çàùèòíîé çîíû, òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ðàçìåùåíèþ ïðåäïðèÿòèé,îáóñòðîéñòâî äåçáàðüåðîâ è ò.ä.), âåíòèëÿöèè è êîíäèöèî-íèðîâàíèÿ, îòîïëåíèÿ, îñâåùåíèÿ, âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ è êàíà-ëèçàöèè, ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ, âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ è áûòîâûõïîìåùåíèé (ðàçìåùåíèå ïîìåùåíèé, ïåðå÷åíü ó÷àñòêîâ èîòäåëåíèé, òðåáóþùèõ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîãî èëè îáîñîáëåí-íîãî ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ, òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ðàáî÷èì ìåñòàì âåòåðè-íàðíûõ âðà÷åé è ò.ä.).

Ïðîåêò ñîäåðæèò ñîâðåìåííûå òðåáîâàíèÿ äëÿ òåõíî-ëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ, ê öåõàì ïî ïåðåðàáîòêå ïòèöû, ïîïðîèçâîäñòâó ÿè÷íûõ ìîðîæåíûõ è ñóõèõ ïðîäóêòîâ.

Òàêæå â ïðîåêòå "Ïðàâèë" ïðåäñòàâëåíû òðåáîâàíèÿ,ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûå ê ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêå ïðè ïåðâè÷íîéïåðåðàáîòêå ïòèöû (ó÷àñòîê ïðèåìêè, öåõ ïåðåðàáîòêèïòèöû), íà ïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ (â öåõàõ) ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó ñóõèõè ìîðîæåíûõ ÿè÷íûõ ïðîäóêòîâ, â õîëîäèëüíûõ êàìåðàõ,â îòäåëåíèÿõ (öåõàõ) ïåðâè÷íîé îáðàáîòêè ïåðî-ïóõîâîãîñûðüÿ è öåõå ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó êîðìîâ æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñ-õîæäåíèÿ; íà ñàíèòàðíûõ áîéíÿõ, òðàíñïîðòíûõ ñðåäñòâ,íà ïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ (â öåõàõ) ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó êîëáàñíûõ èêóëèíàðíûõ èçäåëèé, ïîëóôàáðèêàòîâ, êîíñåðâîâ èç ìÿñàïòèöû, à òàêæå òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ öåõîâ ïîïðîèçâîäñòâó ïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ ñóáëèìàöèîííîé ñóøêè,ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî ìÿñíîãî ïðîòåèíà (áåëêà ïèùåâîãî ïòè-÷üåãî).

Ïðèâåäåíû ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ïðîâåäåíèþ ïðîôèëàêòè-÷åñêèõ äåçèíñåêöèîííûõ è äåðàòèçàöèîííûõ ðàáîò; òåõíè-êà áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêè èëè÷íàÿ ãèãèåíà ðàáîòíèêîâ; ìåòîäû êîíòðîëÿ êà÷åñòâàñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêè è òðåáîâàíèÿ ïðè õðàíåíèè ñðåäñòâäëÿ ñàíèòàðíîé îáðàáîòêè.

Â ïðîåêòå èçëîæåíû "Îáùèå ïîëîæåíèÿ" â êîòîðûõèçëîæåíû äåéñòâèÿ âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíîé ñëóæáû è àä-ìèíèñòðàöèè ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ïðè ïîñòóïëåíèè áîëüíîé ïòè-öû è ïîäîçðèòåëüíîãî ïî êà÷åñòâó ñûðüÿ èëè îáíàðóæåíèèèõ âî âðåìÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ è äðóãèå ïîëî-æåíèÿ. Óêàçûâàåòñÿ, ÷òî îòâåòñòâåííîñòü çà âûïîëíåíèåíàñòîÿùèõ ïðàâèë âîçëàãàåòñÿ íà ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ïðåäïðè-ÿòèé è íà÷àëüíèêîâ (ìàñòåðîâ) öåõîâ, à àäìèíèñòðàöèÿïðåäïðèÿòèÿ îáÿçàíà ñîçäàòü âñå óñëîâèÿ, íåîáõîäèìûåäëÿ âûðàáîòêè ïðîäóêöèè ãàðàíòèðîâàííîãî êà÷åñòâà. Âñëó÷àå ïîñòóïëåíèÿ áîëüíîé ïòèöû è ïîäîçðèòåëüíîãî ïîêà÷åñòâó ñûðüÿ èëè îáíàðóæåíèÿ èõ âî âðåìÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâàïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíàÿ ñëóæáà è àäìè-íèñòðàöèÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ îáÿçàíû íåìåäëåííî ïðèíÿòü âñåìåðû ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòè ê èñêëþ÷åíèþ âîçìîæíîñòè ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíèÿ èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé è â óñòàíîâëåííîìïîðÿäêå ñîîáùèòü îá ýòîì Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé âåòåðèíàðíîéñëóæáå, à òàêæå âåòåðèíàðíîé ñëóæáå õîçÿéñòâà, ðàéîíà,îáëàñòè, îòêóäà ïîñòóïèëà ïòèöà è òåððèòîðèàëüíûì îðãà-íàì ÃÑÝÍ ïî ìåñòó îòïðàâêè ïòèöû è íàõîæäåíèÿ ïðåä-ïðèÿòèÿ ïåðåðàáîòêè.

Â íîâîì äîêóìåíòå óêàçàíî, ÷òî êîíòðîëü çà ñîáëþäå-íèåì Ïðàâèë îñóùåñòâëÿþò Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ âåòåðèíàð-

íàÿ ñëóæáà ÐÔ, âåòåðèíàðíàÿ ñëóæáà ïðåäïðèÿòèé è òåððè-òîðèàëüíàÿ ñàíèòàðíî-ýïèäåìèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñëóæáà.

Íîâûå Ïðàâèëà íàïðàâëåíû íà ïðåäóïðåæäåíèå ïî-ñòóïëåíèÿ íåäîáðîêà÷åñòâåííîãî ñûðüÿ è ñíèæåíèÿ ñàíè-òàðíîãî êà÷åñòâà âûðàáàòûâàåìûõ ïòèöåïðîäóêòîâ, íåäî-ïóùåíèå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ÷åðåç âûðàáàòûâàåìóþ ïðîäóê-öèþ èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, ïèùåâûõ îòðàâëåíèé èèíòîêñèêàöèé.


Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðîâåä¸ííûõ íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî-çâîëèëè ðàçðàáîòàòü íîðìàòèâíóþ äîêóìåíòàöèþ (ñòàí-äàðòû, òåõíè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ, èíñòðóêöèè, âåòåðèíàðíî-ñà-íèòàðíûå òðåáîâàíèÿ, ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè è äð.)äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ñû-ðüÿ, òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ è êîíå÷íîé ïðîäóêöèè âñîîòâåòñòâèå ñ íàó÷íî-îáîñíîâàííîé êîíöåïöèåé îáåñïå-÷åíèÿ ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîäóêöèè ïòè-öåâîäñòâà îò âûðàùèâàíèÿ ïòèöû äî âûïóñêà êîíå÷íûõïðîäóêòîâ.

ÂÍÈÈÏÏ âåäåò àêòèâíóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîìó îáåñïå÷åíèþ ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñ-íîñòè ïðîäóêöèè ïòèöåâîäñòâà, èìåþùåé áîëüøîå ñîöè-àëüíîå è ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå. Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå èâíåäðåíèå íîâûõ ðàçðàáîòîê ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç îñíîâíûõóñëîâèé ïîëó÷åíèÿ âûñîêîêà÷åñòâåííûõ è áåçîïàñíûõ ïðî-äóêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ è ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîãî ñûðüÿ è, êàê ñëåä-ñòâèå, ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ çàáîëåâàíèé ÷åëîâåêà.

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ. Îáåñïå÷åíèå ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðî-äóêöèè ïòèöåâîäñòâà // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. - 2016. - ¹ 2. - Ñ.46-49.2. Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ. Êîíòðîëü áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðè ïðîèçâîäñòâå ìÿñà // Âñáîðíèêå: Íîâûå ïîäõîäû ê ðåøåíèþ àêòóàëüíûõ âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ è çîîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ïðîáëåì â ïòèöåâîäñòâå íà ñîâðå-ìåííîì ýòàïå ìàòåðèàëû Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîéêîíôåðåíöèè. Ðåäêîëëåãèÿ: Äæàâàäîâ Ý.Ä., Âèíîõîäîâ Â.Î., Êàä-íèêîâà Ã.Ô., Êðûëîâà Í.Ï., Òðåôèëîâ Á.Á. - 2011. - Ñ. 76-80.3. Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ. Ñàíèòàðèÿ è ãèãèåíà â ìÿñîïåðåðàáîòêå â ôîêóñåâíèìàíèÿ // Ìÿñíûå òåõíîëîãèè. 2 - 010. - ¹ 4. - Ñ. 18.4. Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ. Ïîâûøåíèå ñàíèòàðíî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêîãî óðîâíÿ ïðåä-ïðèÿòèé // Èññëåäîâàíèÿ è èííîâàöèè. Ìàòåðèàëû XVI Ìåæäóíà-ðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè ÂÍÀÏ. Àêàäåìèê ÐÀÑÕÍ, ïðîô. Â.È. Ôèñèíèí(ðåäàêòîð); àêàäåìèê ÐÀÑÕÍ, ïðîô. È.À. Åãîðîâ è Ò.Â. Âàñèëüåâà(îòâåòñòâåííûé çà âûïóñê). - 2009. - Ñ. 364-366.5. Ìîêøàíöåâà È.Â., Êîçàê Ñ.Ñ., Ìàòèñîí Â.À., Àëü Ðàâàäøåõ. Êâîïðîñó î ãàðàíòèè áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîäóêöèè ïòèöåâîäñòâà // Ïòèöàè ïòèöåïðîäóêòû. - 2007. - ¹ 5. - Ñ. 53-55.

References1. Kozak S.S. Obespechenie mikrobiologicheskoj bezopasnosti produkciipticevodstva // Veterinariya i kormlenie. - 2016. - ¹ 2. - S. 46-49.2. Kozak S.S. Kontrol' bezopasnosti pri proizvodstve myasa // Vsbornike: Novye podhody k resheniyu aktual'nyh veterinarno-sanitarnyhi zootekhnicheskih problem v pticevodstve na sovremennom etapematerialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii.Redkollegiya: Dzhavadov E.D., Vinohodov V.O., Kadnikova G.F., KrylovaN.P., Trefilov B.B. - 2011. - S. 76-80.3. Kozak S.S. Sanitariya i gigiena v myasopererabotke v fokusevnimaniya // Myasnye tekhnologii. 2 - 010. - ¹ 4. - S. 18.4. Kozak S.S. Povyshenie sanitarno-gigienicheskogo urovnya predpriyatij// Issledovaniya i innovacii. Materialy XVI Mezhdunarodnoj konferenciiVNAP. Akademik RASKHN, prof. V.I. Fisinin (redaktor); akademikRASKHN, prof. I.A. Egorov i T.V. Vasil'eva (otvetstvennyj za vypusk).- 2009. - S. 364-366.5. Mokshanceva I.V., Kozak S.S., Matison V.A., Al' Ravadshekh. Kvoprosu o garantii bezopasnosti produkcii pticevodstva // Ptica ipticeprodukty. - 2007. - ¹ 5. - S. 53-55.


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-4ÓÄÊ 619.579.636.082.474

Àðêòè÷åñêèå øòàììû Bacillus subtilisâ ñîâðåìåííîé ìèêðîáèîòåõíîëîãèè

Âëàäèìèðîâ Ë.Í.1, äîêòîð áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê,ïðîôåññîð, ÷ëåí-êîðð. ÐÀÍ, äèðåêòîð, 1ÔÃÁÓÍÔåäåðàëüíûé èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé öåíòð "ßêóòñêèéíàó÷íûé öåíòð Ñèáèðñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîéàêàäåìèè íàóê" ßêóòñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèéèíñòèòóò ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà èì. Ì.Ã. Ñàôðîíîâà, ã.ßêóòñê, e-mail: [email protected]Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï.1,2, äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê,ïðîôåññîð, çàâåäóþùèé ëàáîðàòîðèåé âåòåðèíàðíîéáèîòåõíîëîãèè1ÔÃÁÓÍ Ôåäåðàëüíûé èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé öåíòð"ßêóòñêèé íàó÷íûé öåíòð Ñèáèðñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿÐîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê" ßêóòñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà èì.Ì.Ã. Ñàôðîíîâà,2ßêóòñêàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿàêàäåìèÿ, ã. ßêóòñê, e-mail: [email protected]Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï.1, äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê,ïðîôåññîð, çàâåäóþùàÿ ëàáîðàòîðèåé ðàçðàáîòêèìèêðîáíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ1ÔÃÁÓÍ Ôåäåðàëüíûé èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé öåíòð"ßêóòñêèé íàó÷íûé öåíòð Ñèáèðñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿÐîññèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê"ßêóòñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ñåëüñêîãîõîçÿéñòâà èì. Ì.Ã. Ñàôðîíîâà, ã. ßêóòñê,e-mail: [email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïðîáèîòèê, øòàììû, ìèêðîáèîöå-íîç, ìåðçëîòíûå ïî÷âû, Bacillus subtilis

Ðåçþìå: ßêóòñêèé ÍÈÈÑÕ â ïîñëåäíèå äâà äåñÿòèëå-òèÿ öåëåíàïðàâëåííî ðàçðàáàòûâàåò áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðåïà-ðàòû, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèå ïîëó÷åíèþ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ÷èñòîéîðãàíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîâîäñòâà. Âïåðâûå â Ðîñ-ñèè ðàçðàáîòàíû âûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûå èíàêòèâèðîâàííûåâàêöèíû ïðîòèâ ìûòà è ñàëüìîíåëëåçíîãî àáîðòà ëîøà-äåé, óòâåðæäåííûõ Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðîì ÌÑÕ ÐÔ. Ïàðàë-ëåëüíî ñ ðàçðàáîòêîé âàêöèí âåëè íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿïî èçó÷åíèþ ìèêðîáíîé êîíòàìèíàöèè îáúåêòîâ âíåøíåéñðåäû, ìèêðîáèîòû äîìàøíèõ, äèêèõ è èñêîïàåìûõ æè-âîòíûõ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé óñòàíîâ-ëåíî, ÷òî ïðèðîäà ßêóòèè, îñîáåííî ìåðçëîòíûå ïî÷âû,

Arctic strains of Bacillus subtilisof in modern microbiotechnologyVladimirov L.N. - Federal State Budgetary ScientificInstitution Federal Research Center "Yakutsk ScientificCenter of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy ofSciences" Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture namedafter M.G. SafronovaNeustroev M.P. - Federal State Budgetary ScientificInstitution Federal Research Center "Yakutsk ScientificCenter of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy ofSciences" Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture namedafter M.G. Safronova, Yakutsk State Agricultural AcademyTarabukina N.P. - Federal State Budgetary ScientificInstitution Federal Research Center "Yakutsk ScientificCenter of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy ofSciences" Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture namedafter M.G. Safronova

Key words: probiotic, strains, microbiocenosis, permafrostsoils, Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract. Over the past two decades, the Yakutsk ResearchInstitute of Agriculture has been deliberately developingbiological products that contribute to the production ofenvironmentally friendly organic livestock products. For thefirst time in Russia, highly effective inactivated vaccines havebeen developed against strangles and salmonella abortion ofhorses, approved by the Rosselkhoznadzor of the Ministry ofAgriculture of the Russian Federation. In parallel with thedevelopment of vaccines, scientific research was conducted tostudy the microbial contamination of environmental objects,and the microbiota of domestic, wild, and fossil animals. As aresult of the studies, it was found that the nature of Yakutia,especially frozen soils, is rich in unique microbial raw materials- bacteria of the genus Bacillus, promising in modernbiotechnology. Strains of B. subtilis TNP-3 and TNP-5 isolatedfrom permafrost soils have the most pronounced antagonisticactivity against many pathogenic and conditionally pathogenicmicroorganisms for humans, animals and plants. Strains producea complex of enzymes. In addition, the strains are active inducersof endogenous interferon, increase the immunobiologicalreactivity of the body, do not have pathogenic properties forlaboratory and farm animals. The probiotic "Sachabactisubtil"was developed on the basis of B. subtilis strains for the prophylaxisand treatment of dysbiosis, and the increase in theimmunobiological reactivity of farm animals. The instructionsfor use were approved (06/06/2012), the drug was registered(71-111.12-0850 No. PVR-1.6 / 01632). The preventive andtherapeutic effect is 91-100%. Preparations developed on thebasis of B. subtilis isolated from permafrost soils are effectivein the prevention and treatment of respiratory, digestive,reproductive, purulent-necrotic wounds, mycotoxicoses,correction of microbiocenoses, immunobiological reactivity ofanimals, as a component of inactivated vaccines, feed additives,and sanitary - hygiene products, promising for the preparation offeed (silage), bacterial fertilizers to increase the fertility andproductivity of agricultural crops. The scientific novelty of thedevelopments is confirmed by 42 patents of the Russian Federation.In order to commercialize scientific research, LLC Hotu-BactScientific and Production Center was established. The productionof medicines for veterinary use is licensed by the Rosselkhoznadzorof the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.


Âëàäèìèðîâ Ë.Í.Vladimirov L.N.

Âëàäèìèðîâ, Ë.Í., Àðêòè÷åñêèå øòàììû Bacillus subtilis â ñîâðåìåííîé ìèêðîáèîòåõíîëîãèè / Âëàäèìèðîâ Ë.Í.,Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï. // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. - 2020. - ¹ . – Ñ. 17-20.Vladimirov, L.N., Arctic strains of Bacillus subtilis of in modern microbiotechnology / Vladimirov, L.N .,Neustroev M.P.,Tarabukina N.P. // Veterinary i kormlenie. – 2020. -¹ – P.17-20.


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áîãàòû óíèêàëüíûì ìèêðîáíûì ñûðüåì – áàêòåðèÿìè ðîäàBacillus, ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ â ñîâðåìåííîé áèîòåõíîëîãèè.

Øòàììû B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3 è ÒÍÏ-5, âûäåëåííûå èçìåðçëîòíûõ ïî÷â îáëàäàþò íàèáîëåå âûðàæåííîé àíòàãî-íèñòè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòüþ ïî îòíîøåíèþ êî ìíîãèì ïàòî-ãåííûì è óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííûì ìèêðîîðãàíèçìàì äëÿ ÷å-ëîâåêà, æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé. Øòàììû ïðîäóöèðóþò êîì-ïëåêñ ôåðìåíòîâ. Êðîìå òîãî, øòàììû ÿâëÿþòñÿ àêòèâíû-ìè èíäóêòîðàìè ýíäîãåííîãî èíòåðôåðîíà, ïîâûøàþòèììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêóþ ðåàêòèâíîñòü îðãàíèçìà, íå îáëà-äàþò ïàòîãåííûìè ñâîéñòâàìè äëÿ ëàáîðàòîðíûõ è ñåëüñ-êîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ. Ðàçðàáîòàí íà îñíîâå øòàì-ìîâ B. subtilis ïðîáèîòèê "Ñàõàáàêòèñóáòèë" äëÿ ïðîôè-ëàêòèêè è ëå÷åíèÿ äèñáàêòåðèîçîâ, ïîâûøåíèÿ èììóíîáè-îëîãè÷åñêîé ðåàêòèâíîñòè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîò-íûõ. Óòâåðæäåíà èíñòðóêöèÿ ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ (06.06.2012ã.) ïðåïàðàò ðåãèñòðèðîâàí (71-111.12-0850 ¹ ÏÂÐ-1.6/01632). Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèé è ëå÷åáíûé ýôôåêò ñîñòàâëÿåò91–100%. Ïðåïàðàòû, ðàçðàáîòàííûå íà îñíîâå B. subtilis,âûäåëåííûõ èç ìåðçëîòíûõ ïî÷â ýôôåêòèâíû â ïðîôèëàê-òèêå è ëå÷åíèè îðãàíîâ äûõàíèÿ, ïèùåâàðåíèÿ, âîñïðîèç-âîäñòâà, ãíîéíî-íåêðîòè÷åñêèõ ðàí, ìèêîòîêñèêîçîâ, êîð-ðåêòèðîâêå ìèêðîáèîöåíîçîâ, èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ðå-àêòèâíîñòè îðãàíèçìà æèâîòíûõ, â êà÷åñòâå êîìïîíåíòàèíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèí, êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê, ñàíèòàðíî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ, ïåðñïåêòèâíû ïðè çàãîòîâêå êîð-ìîâ (ñåíàæèðîâàíèè, ñèëîñîâàíèè), áàêòåðèàëüíûõ óäîá-ðåíèé äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ ïëîäîðîäèÿ è óðîæàéíîñòè ñåëüñêî-õîçÿéñòâåííûõ êóëüòóð. Íàó÷íàÿ íîâèçíà ðàçðàáîòîê ïîä-òâåðæäåíà 42 ïàòåíòàìè ÐÔ. Â öåëÿõ êîììåðöèàëèçàöèèíàó÷íûõ ðàçðàáîòîê ñîçäàíî ÎÎÎ ÍÏÖ "Õîòó-Áàêò", ïðî-èçâîäñòâî ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðè-ìåíåíèÿ ëèöåíçèðîâàíî Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðîì ÌÑÕ ÐÔ.

Ââåäåíèå

XXI âåê âî âñåì ìèðå ñ÷èòàåòñÿ ïåðèîäîì èííîâàöèîí-íîãî ðàçâèòèÿ áèîòåõíîëîãèé, îñîáåííî ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåììèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ è ïðîäóêòîâ èõ æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè. Íå-îáõîäèìîñòü ðàçðàáîòêè è ïðîèçâîäñòâà áèîëîãè÷åñêèõïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, ðàñòåíèåâîä-ñòâà è ïëàíîâîå èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèå â öåëÿõ íàó÷íî-òåõíè-÷åñêîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà, ñíèæå-íèÿ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ðèñêîâ â ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîé ñôåðå èîáåñïå÷åíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà îðãàíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè îòìå-÷åíû â Óêàçàõ Ïðåçèäåíòà ÐÔ "Î ìåðàõ ïî ðåàëèçàöèèãîñóäàðñòâåííîé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé ïîëèòèêè â èíòåðå-ñàõ ðàçâèòèÿ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà" ¹ 350 îò 21.07. 2016 ã.,"Î ñòðàòåãèè íàó÷íî-òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ÐÔ" ¹642 îò 01.12. 2016 ã.

Ïðè ïðîèçâîäñòâå îðãàíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè, ñîãëàñíîÔÇ ¹ 280-Ô3 "Îá îðãàíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè è î âíåñåíèèèçìåíåíèé â îòäåëüíûå ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå àêòû ÐîññèéñêîéÔåäåðàöèè" îò 03.08.2018 ã., êîòîðûé âñòóïèë â ñèëó ñ01.01 2020 ã., ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåòñÿ: – çàïðåò íà ïðèìåíåíèåàãðîõèìèêàòîâ, ïåñòèöèäîâ, àíòèáèîòèêîâ, ñòèìóëÿòîðîâðîñòà è îòêîðìà æèâîòíûõ, ãîðìîíàëüíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ, àòàêæå ïðèìåíåíèå äëÿ áîðüáû ñ âðåäèòåëÿìè, áîëåçíÿìèðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ ñðåäñòâ áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ïðîèñõîæ-äåíèÿ.

Òàáóííîå êîíåâîäñòâî ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíîé èç ïåðñïåêòèâ-íûõ îòðàñëåé ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà ßêóòèè è Ðîññèè. Äàëü-íåéøåå óâåëè÷åíèå ïîãîëîâüÿ è ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè òàáóííî-ãî êîíåâîäñòâà ñäåðæèâàåòñÿ ðÿäîì ôàêòîðîâ, ñðåäè êîòî-ðûõ çíà÷èòåëüíîå ìåñòî çàíèìàåò èíôåêöèîííûå áîëåçíè.Èç íèõ íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûìè è ïðè÷èíÿþùèìèîùóòèìûé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé óùåðá ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàëüìîíåëëåç,ðèíîïíåâìîíèÿ è ìûò ëîøàäåé. Ýòè áîëåçíè øèðîêî ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíû â ñòðàíàõ àçèàòñêîãî êîíòèíåíòà Ðîññèè èñòðàíàõ ÑÍÃ. Äî íåäàâíåãî âðåìåíè ïðîòèâ ýòèõ áîëåçíåéíå áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû ñïåöèôè÷åñêèå ìåðû èììóíîïðîôè-

ëàêòèêè. Âïåðâûå â Ðîññèè íàìè ðàçðàáîòàíû âûñîêîýô-ôåêòèâíûå èíàêòèâèðîâàííûå âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ ìûòà è ñàëü-ìîíåëëåçíîãî àáîðòà ëîøàäåé, óòâåðæäåííûõ Ðîññåëüõîç-íàäçîðîì ÌÑÕ ÐÔ. Ïàðàëëåëüíî ñ ðàçðàáîòêîé âàêöèíâåëè íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî èçó÷åíèþ ìèêðîáíîé êîí-òàìèíàöèè îáúåêòîâ âíåøíåé ñðåäû, ìèêðîáèîòû äîìàø-íèõ, äèêèõ è èñêîïàåìûõ æèâîòíûõ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâå-äåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ïðèðîäà ßêóòèè,îñîáåííî ìåðçëîòíûå ïî÷âû, áîãàòû óíèêàëüíûì ìèêðîá-íûì ñûðüåì – áàêòåðèÿìè ðîäà Bacillus, ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ âñîâðåìåííîé áèîòåõíîëîãèè.

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ìèðîâàÿ îáùåñòâåííîñòü óäåëÿåòñåðüåçíîå âíèìàíèå áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîäóêòû ïèòàíèÿ, ÷òîíàèáîëåå ÿðêî ïðîÿâèëîñü â îòêàçå îò èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àíòè-áèîòèêîâ â æèâîòíîâîäñòâå ñòðàí Åâðîïåéñêîãî ñîþçà ñÿíâàðÿ 2006 ãîäà. Äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïðîáëåìû àíòèáèîòèêîðå-çèñòåíòíîñòè ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ ðàçðàáîòêè íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿýôôåêòèâíûõ àíòèáèîòèêîâ, áàêòåðèîôàãîâ, ôèòîáèîñòè-íîâ, èììóíîìîäóëÿòîðîâ 1, Ìèõàëåâà . Ó÷åíûå âñåãî ìèðàðàáîòàþò íàä êîíñòðóèðîâàíèåì ïðîáèîòèêîâ êàê àëüòåð-íàòèâû àíòèáèîòèêàì. Ðîññèÿ òàêæå íå îñòàåòñÿ â ñòîðîíåîò ïðîöåññîâ, çàòðîíóâøèõ Åâðîïó, è ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòèëå-òèÿ àêòèâíî âåäåò ðàçðàáîòêó ïðîáèîòè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ.

Èñõîäÿ èç âûøåèçëîæåííîãî, ßêóòñêèé ÍÈÈÑÕ â ïîñ-ëåäíèå äâà äåñÿòèëåòèÿ öåëåíàïðàâëåííî ðàçðàáàòûâàåòáèîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðåïàðàòû, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèå ïîëó÷åíèþýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ÷èñòîé îðãàíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíî-âîäñòâà.

Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäû

Â ýêñïåðèìåíòàõ èñïîëüçîâàëè øòàììû B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3 è B. subtilis-ÒÍÏ-5, âûäåëåííûå èç ìåðçëîòíûõ ïî÷âßêóòèè, äåïîíèðîâàííûõ âî Âñåðîññèéñêîé ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íîé êîëëåêöèè øòàììîâ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, èñïîëüçóåìûõâ âåòåðèíàðèè è æèâîòíîâîäñòâå (ÂÃÍÊÈ âåòåðèíàðíûõïðåïàðàòîâ). Â êà÷åñòâå òåñò-êóëüòóð èñïûòàíû ïàñïîðòè-çèðîâàííûå øòàììû: St. aureus (øò. 209 Ð), Str. equi Í-34,Sal. abortus equi ÁÍ-12, E. ñoli (øò. 1257), Sal. pullorum (øò.10á), Br. abortus (øò-82), M. bovis (øò. 14õÂÍÈÈÁÒÆ), àòàêæå øòàììû - St. aureus K-I, Sal. typhymurium, Sal. dublin,Pseudomonas sp., Micobacterium sp., R. Soloni, Streptomyces,Fusarium, âûäåëåííûå èç ïàòìàòåðèàëîâ è îáúåêòîâ âíåø-íåé ñðåäû.

Äëÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèè ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, èçó÷åíèÿ ìèê-ðîáèîòû, óñòîé÷èâîñòè ê áèî - è àáèîòè÷åñêèì ôàêòîðàìèñïîëüçîâàëè îáùåïðèíÿòûå â âåòåðèíàðíîé ìèêðîáèîëî-ãèè, ñàíèòàðèè, èììóíîëîãèè, áèîòåõíîëîãèè ìåòîäû èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêóþ îáðàáîòêó äàííûõ ïðîâîäè-ëè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ïðèêëàäíîé ïðîãðàììû Snedecor,Microsoft Excel, à òàêæå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîé îáðàáîòêå ïî ìåòî-äó Ñòüþäåíòà.

Ðåçóëüòàòû è îñóæäåíèÿ

Â ðåçóëüòàòå èçó÷åíèÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ìèêðîáèîòû êè-øå÷íèêà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ óñòàíîâëåíî,áàêòåðèè ðîäà Bacillus äîìèíèðóþò è ïðèñóòñòâóþò ñ ïåð-âûõ ÷àñîâ ðîæäåíèÿ æèâîòíûõ è íåñóò çàùèòíóþ ôóíêöèþâ ïåðèîä îòñóòñòâèÿ ëàêòî - è áèôèäîáàêòåðèé, êîòîðûåôîðìèðóþòñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíî ïîçæå. Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî áàêòå-ðèè ðîäà Bacillus äîìèíèðóþò òàêæå â ìèêðîáèîòå äèêèõæèâîòíûõ. Ðåçóëüòàòû ìíîãîëåòíèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîçâî-ëÿþò çàêëþ÷èòü, ÷òî ñïîðîîáðàçóþùèå áàêòåðèè ðîäàBacillus ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîëíîïðàâíûì ïðåäñòàâèòåëåì íîðìàëü-íîé ìèêðîáèîòû æèâîòíûõ â óñëîâèÿõ Àðêòèêè [2].

Øòàììû B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3 è ÒÍÏ-5, âûäåëåííûå èçìåðçëîòíûõ ïî÷â îáëàäàþò íàèáîëåå âûðàæåííîé àíòàãî-íèñòè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòüþ ïî îòíîøåíèþ êî ìíîãèì ïàòî-ãåííûì è óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííûì ìèêðîîðãàíèçìàì äëÿ ÷å-ëîâåêà, æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé. Øòàììû ïðîäóöèðóþò êîì-ïëåêñ ôåðìåíòîâ: ïðîòåàçó, æåëàòèíàçó, àìèëàçó, öåëëþëà-çó, b-ãëþêàíàçó, íàèáîëåå – êñèëàíàçó è ôðóêòîçèëòðàíñ-


19


ôåðàçó. Êðîìå òîãî, øòàììû ÿâëÿþòñÿ àêòèâíûìè èíäóê-òîðàìè ýíäîãåííîãî èíòåðôåðîíà, ïîâûøàþò èììóíîáèî-ëîãè÷åñêóþ ðåàêòèâíîñòü îðãàíèçìà. Øòàììû áàêòåðèé íåîáëàäàþò ïàòîãåííûìè ñâîéñòâàìè äëÿ ëàáîðàòîðíûõ èñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 .

Ïðèìåíåíèå ñî÷åòàíèÿ øòàììîâ B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3 èÒÍÏ-5 ñ ïåðâûõ äíåé æèçíè íîâîðîæäåííûì òåëÿòàì èïîðîñÿòàì ñïîñîáñòâóåò ôîðìèðîâàíèþ íîðìàëüíîé ìèê-ðîôëîðû êèøå÷íèêà, óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâî áèôèäî - èëàêòîáàêòåðèé, à òàêæå ïîâûøàþòñÿ ïîêàçàòåëè åñòåñòâåí-íîé ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè îðãàíèçìà, ñíèæàåò çàáîëåâàåìîñòü èïðåäóïðåæäàåò ïàäåæ íîâîðîæäåííûõ æèâîòíûõ îò äèà-ðåè. Ðàçðàáîòàí è âíåäðåí ïðîáèîòèê "Ñàõàáàêòèñóáòèë"äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè è ëå÷åíèÿ äèñáàêòåðèîçîâ, ïîâûøåíèÿèììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ðåàêòèâíîñòè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íûõ æèâîòíûõ. Óòâåðæäåíà èíñòðóêöèÿ ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ(06.06.2012 ã.) ïðåïàðàò ðåãèñòðèðîâàí (71-111.12-0850 ¹ÏÂÐ-1.6/01632). Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèé è ëå÷åáíûé ýôôåêòñîñòàâëÿåò 91-100%. Ïðåïàðàò Ñàõàáàêòèñóáòèë ýôôåê-òèâíî êîððåêòèðóåò ìèêðîáèîòó êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà,ëîøàäåé, îëåíåé, ñâèíåé, ïóøíûõ çâåðåé è ïòèö, ñïîñîá-ñòâóåò èõ ðîñòó, ðàçâèòèþ, ïîâûøåíèþ ñðåäíåñóòî÷íûõïðèâåñîâ è ñîõðàííîñòè ïîãîëîâüÿ [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15].

Âïåðâûå ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå èíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèíïðîòèâ ìûòà, ñàëüìîíåëëåçà, ðèíîïíåâìîíèè ëîøàäåé âñîñòàâ êîìïîíåíòîâ â êà÷åñòâå èììóíîìîäóëÿòîðà ââåäåíôèëüòðàò êóëüòóðàëüíîé æèäêîñòè øòàììà B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3. Ïðåäëîæåí ñïîñîá ëå÷åíèÿ áîëüíûõ ìûòîì ëîøàäåé,êîòîðûé ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåò ââåäåíèå â íîñîâóþ ïîëîñòüñóñïåíçèè øòàììà B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü íîâî-ãî ìåòîäà âûøå íà 14%, ÷åì èñïîëüçîâàíèå áèöèëëèíà ñýòîíèåì. [16, 17, 18].

Ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ ê îñâîåíèþ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêàÿ èíñòðóê-öèÿ è ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî áèîëîãè÷åñêîìó îáåççàðàæèâàíèþè ïåðåðàáîòêå íàâîçà è ïòè÷üåãî ïîìåòà â óñëîâèÿõ ßêóòèèñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì øòàììîâ B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3 è ÒÍÏ-5. [2]Ðàçðàáîòàíû êîðìîâûå äîáàâêè, íà îñíîâå âòîðè÷íîãîñûðüÿ êîðîâüåãî ìîëîêà è îðãàíè÷åñêèõ îòõîäîâ ïòèöåâîä-ñòâà, ïîëó÷åííûå ïóòåì ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñèíòåçà ñèñïîëüçîâàíèåì øòàììîâ B. subtilis ÒÍÏ-3 è ÒÍÏ-5, êîòî-ðûå ÿâëÿþòñÿ èñòî÷íèêîì íåçàìåíèìûõ àìèíîêèñëîò èïîëåçíûõ áàêòåðèé [19, 20, 21]. Øòàììû B. subtilis óñïåø-íî èñïûòàíû â ñîñòàâå ñàíèòàðíî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêîãî ñðåäñòâà"Ïðîáèîäåç 3+5" äëÿ ñàíàöèè âûìåíè äîéíûõ êîðîâ [22,23]. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âåäóòñÿ ðàçðàáîòêè è èñïûòàíèÿöåëîé ñåðèè íîâûõ ïðîáèîòè÷åñêèõ è ôåðìåíòíûõ ïðåïà-ðàòîâ íà îñíîâå øòàììîâ áàêòåðèé B. subtilis.

Íàó÷íàÿ íîâèçíà ðàçðàáîòîê ïîäòâåðæäåíà 42 ïàòåíòà-ìè ÐÔ. Â öåëÿõ êîììåðöèàëèçàöèè íàó÷íûõ ðàçðàáîòîê

ñîçäàíî ÎÎÎ ÍÏÖ "Õîòó-Áàêò", ïðîèçâîäñòâî ëåêàðñòâåí-íûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ëèöåíçèðîâà-íî Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðîì ÌÑÕ ÐÔ.


Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïðåïàðàòû, ðàçðàáîòàííûå íà îñíîâåB. subtilis, âûäåëåííûõ èç ìåðçëîòíûõ ïî÷â ýôôåêòèâíû âïðîôèëàêòèêå è ëå÷åíèè îðãàíîâ äûõàíèÿ, ïèùåâàðåíèÿ,âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà, ãíîéíî-íåêðîòè÷åñêèõ ðàí, ìèêîòîêñè-êîçîâ, êîððåêòèðîâêå ìèêðîáèîöåíîçà, èììóíîáèîëîãè-÷åñêîé ðåàêòèâíîñòè îðãàíèçìà æèâîòíûõ, â êà÷åñòâå êîì-ïîíåíòà èíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèí, ìèíåðàëüíî-âèòàìèí-íûõ äîáàâîê, ïðåìèêñîâ è êîìáèêîðìîâ, ïåðñïåêòèâåí ïðèçàãîòîâêå êîðìîâ (ñåíàæèðîâàíèè, ñèëîñîâàíèè), áàêòåðè-àëüíûõ óäîáðåíèé äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ ïëîäîðîäèÿ è óðîæàé-íîñòè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ êóëüòóð. Ïðåïàðàò øèðîêîïðèìåíÿåòñÿ â æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõ õîçÿéñòâàõ ðåñïóáëèêè,óñïåøíî àïðîáèðîâàí â õîçÿéñòâàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé è Àìóð-ñêîé îáëàñòåé, Ìîíãîëèè.

Íàøè ïðåïàðàòû ïðèçíàíû â Ðîññèè, íàãðàæäåíû ìå-äàëÿìè àãðîïðîìûøëåííûõ âûñòàâîê íåîäíîêðàòíî ñòà-íîâèëèñü äèïëîìàíòàìè êîíêóðñîâ íàó÷íûõ çàâåðøåííûõðàçðàáîòîê Ðîññåëüõîçàêàäåìèè.

Øèðîêèé ñïåêòð áèîëîãè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè øòàììàB. subtilis, âûäåëåííûõ èç ìåðçëîòíûõ ïî÷â, òðåáóåò áîëååïðèñòàëüíîãî âíèìàíèÿ ó÷åíûõ è ïðîâåäåíèÿ ôóíäàìåí-òàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé. Ðàñøèðåíèå âîçìîæíîñòåé ïðèìå-íåíèÿ øòàììîâ B. subtilis èç ìåðçëîòíûõ ïî÷â íå òîëüêî âñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå, îáëàñòè îõðàíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, èìåäèöèíå áóäåò ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ðàçðàáîòêå ýêîëîãè÷åñêèáåçîïàñíûõ ýôôåêòèâíûõ èííîâàöèîííûõ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ,òàê íåîáõîäèìûõ äëÿ çäîðîâüÿ ëþäåé è ñîçäàíèÿ êîíêóðåí-òîñïîñîáíîé áèîôàðìïðîìûøëåííîñòè â Ðåñïóáëèêå Ñàõà(ßêóòèÿ).

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Ìèõàëåâà Ò.Â., Çàõàðîâà Î.È., Èëüÿñîâ Ï.Â. Àíòèáèîòèêîðåçèñ-òåíòíîñòü: ñîâðåìåííûå ïîäõîäû è ïóòè ïðåîäîëåíèÿ (îáçîð) //Ïðèêëàäíàÿ áèîõèìèÿ è ìèêðîáèîëîãèÿ. 2019. Ò. 55. ¹ 2. Ñ. 124-132.2. Í.Ï. Òàðàáóêèíà, Ì.Ï. Íåóñòðîåâ Âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûå ìå-ðîïðèÿòèÿ ïðè èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíÿõ æèâîòíûõ â óñëîâèÿõ Ðåñ-ïóáëèêè Ñàõà (ßêóòèÿ): Ìîíîãðàôèÿ. ÐÀÑÕÍ ÑÎ ßÍÈÈÑÕ. Èçä-âîßÍÖ ÑÎ ÐÀÍ. ßêóòñê, 2000. 191 ñ.3. Ãëîòîâà Ò.È., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Ãëîòîâ À.Ã., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï.Èçó÷åíèå èíòåðôåðîíèíäóöèðóþùåé àêòèâíîñòè Bacillus subtilis Invitro in vivo // Àêòóàëüíûå ïðîáëåìû âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû: ìàò.Ñèáèð. Ìåæäóíàð. âåòåðí. Êîíãðåññà (3-4 ìàðòà 2005 ã.). Íîâîñè-áèðñê, 2005. Ñ. 123-129.4. Îñìàåâ È.À., Þðîâ Ê.Ï., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Ãëîòîâ À.Ã. Èììóíîìî-äóëèðóþùèå ñâîéñòâà ýíäîãåííîãî èíòåðôåðîíà ó òåëÿò // Âåòåðè-íàðèÿ. 2007. ¹ 1. Ñ. 11-12.5. Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Ôåäîðîâà Ì.Ï. Èñïîëüçîâà-

Ñâåäåíèÿ îá èíñòèòóòå

ßêóòñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà èìåíè Ì.Ã. Ñàôðîíîâà ñîçäàí â 1956 ã. Îñíîâíîéöåëüþ äåÿòåëüíîñòè èíñòèòóòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîâåäåíèå ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, îïûòíî-êîíñòðóêòîðñêèõ ðàáîò, âíåäðåíèå äîñòèæåíèé íàóêè ïî ñëåäóþùèì íàïðàâëåíèÿì: ýêîíîìèêà è çåìåëüíûå îòíîøåíèÿ;ðàñòåíèåâîäñòâî è çåìëåäåëèå; çîîòåõíèÿ; âåòåðèíàðíàÿ ìåäèöèíà; ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿ áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ; õðàíåíèå èïåðåðàáîòêà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé ïðîäóêöèè. Èíñòèòóò èìååò 15 íàó÷íûõ ïîäðàçäåëåíèé, 2 ìàëûõ èííîâàöèîííûõïðåäïðèÿòèÿ – ÎÎÎ "Íàóêà" ïî ïðîèçâîäñòâó ñåìÿí ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ êóëüòóð è ÎÎÎ ÍÏÖ "Õîòó-Áàêò" ïîïðîèçâîäñòâó áèîïðåïàðàòîâ. ×èñëåííîñòü ðàáîòíèêîâ èíñòèòóòà ñîñòàâëÿåò 152 ÷åë., â ò.÷. íàó÷íûõ ñîòðóäíèêîâ 85÷åë., èç íèõ äîêòîðîâ íàóê 10 ÷åë., êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê – 42 ÷åë., ïðîôåññîðîâ – 5, ÷ëåí–êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ – 1.

Îñíîâíûìè äîñòèæåíèÿìè èíñòèòóòà çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ÿâëÿþòñÿ: ñîçäàíèå è âíåäðåíèå â ïðîèçâîäñòâî ñîðòîâñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ êóëüòóð, âûâåäåíèå è ñîõðàíåíèå ïîðîä êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, ëîøàäåé, îëåíåé, ðàçðàáîòêàâåòåðèíàðíûõ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ; ðàçðàáîòêà è âíåäðåíèå â ïðîèçâîäñòâî íîâûõ òåõíîëîãèé âîçäåëûâàíèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííûõ êóëüòóð, ñîäåðæàíèÿ, êîðìëåíèÿ, âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà, ëå÷åíèÿ æèâîòíûõ, ïåðåðàáîòêè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõïðîäóêöèé (ñîçäàíû 50 ñîðòîâ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ êóëüòóð; 3 ïîðîäû ëîøàäåé – ßêóòñêàÿ, Ìåãåæåêñêàÿ è Ïðèëåí-ñêàÿ, 2 òèïà ëîøàäåé ÿêóòñêîé ïîðîäû (ÿíñêèé, êîëûìñêèé); ðàçðàáîòàíû 9 âåòåðèíàðíûõ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ; 25 íîðìàòèâ-íî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ äîêóìåíòàöèé íà ìîëî÷íûå, ìÿñíûå è ðûáíûå ïðîäóêòû; íàó÷íî-ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ïîóëó÷øåíèþ óñëîâèé ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ îòðàñëåé ÀÏÊ Ðåñïóáëèêè Ñàõà (ßêóòèÿ), â òîì ÷èñëå ðàçâèòèþ âîñïðîèçâîä-ñòâåííûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ è âçàèìîîòíîøåíèé â êîìïëåêñå âóñëîâèÿõ èíòåãðàöèè, ãëîáàëèçàöèè, òðàäèöèîííîãî è ýêñòðåìàëüíîãî õîçÿéñòâîâàíèÿ ðåãèîíà.


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íèå ïðîáèîòèêà èç øòàììîâ Bacillus subtilis â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå // àãðàðíàÿ íàóêà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîìó ïðîèçâîäñòâó Ìîíãîëèè,Ñèáèðè è Êàçàõñòàíà: Ñá. íàó. äîëêë. XII ìåæäóíàð. íàó÷.-ïðàêò.êîíô. (Óëàí-Áàòîð, 6-7 èþíÿ 2010 ã.) Óëàí-Áàòîð, 2010. ×. 2. ¹1. Ñ.503-507.6. Ïðîòîäüÿêîíîâà Ã.Ï., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï. Äåé-ñòâèå øòàììîâ áàêòåðèé Bacillus subtilis íà áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ñâîé-ñòâà ìèêîáàêòåðèé òóáåðêóëåçà in vitro // Âåòåðèíàðíàÿ ìåäèöèíà.2012. ¹2. Ñ. 15-17.7. Ñëèíèíà Ê.Í., Ïðîêîïüåâà Í.È., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï. Èçó÷åíèåàíòàãîíèñòè÷åñêîé àêòèâíîñòè ñïîðîâîãî ïðîáèîòèêà ïðîòèâ ìèêî-áàêòåðèé ïòè÷üåãî âèäà // Äîêëàäû ÐÀÑÕÍ. 2014. ¹ 6. Ñ. 53-55.8. Neustroev M.P., Tarabukina N.P. Stepanova A.M., Parnikova S.I .,Petrova S.G., Zhirkov A.D., Romanova U.N.. Ivanova L.I. Bactericidalaction of the Bacillus subtilis Bacterial Strains on the agents ofleptospirosis // Russian Agricultural sciences. 2015, Vol.41, ¹.5.P.403-4059. Ïàðíèêîâà Ñ.È., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï. Ñ794 "Ïðîáè-îòè÷åñêèé ïðåïàðàò Ñàõàáàêòèñóáòèë äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè è ëå÷åíèÿäèñáàêòåðèîçà íîâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò": Ìîíîãðàôèÿ; [ïîä. Ðåä.Ì.Ï. Íåóñòðîåâ]. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Èçä. ÎÎÎ "ÑèáÀÊ", 2019. 90 ñ.10. Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï. Ôåäîðîâà Ì.Ï., ßãëîâñêèéÑ.À. Ïðîáèîòèê Õîíãóðèíîáàêò äëÿ ìîëîäíÿêà ñåâåðíûõ îëåíåé //Âåòåðèíàðèÿ. 2010. ¹.7. Ñ. 8-1011. Fedorova M.P., Parnikova S.I. Tarabukina N.P. Bread spectrumprobiotics (Sakhabactisubtil) recovered from Yakutia permafrost soil // Veterinary World-Open Access, Per. Reviewed Journal, 2011. Vol. 4.¹ 5. P. 222-22412. Òàòàðèíîâà Ñ.Ñ., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï. Ïðèìåíå-íèå øòàììîâ Bacillus subtilis â ïðîôèëàêòèêå ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæ-íåíèé êîðîâ àâñòðèéñêîé ñåëåêöèè â óñëîâèÿõ ßêóòèè // Äîñòèæå-íèÿ íàóêè è òåõíèêè ÀÏÊ. 2011. ¹5. Ñ. 66-6813. Ìàêñèìîâà À.Í., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï. Ïðåïàðàò "Ñàõàáàêòèñóáòèë"â ñàíàöèè ëåäíèêîâ â óñëîâèÿõ âå÷íîé ìåðçëîòû äëÿ õðàíåíèÿêîðìîâ â êëåòî÷íîì çâåðîâîäñòâå // Ìàòåðèàëû ÌÍÏÊ "Ñîâðåìåí-íûå ïðîáëåìû ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ, îõîòîâåäåíèÿ è çâåðîâîä-ñòâà", ïîñâ. 90-ëåòèþ ÂÍÈÈÎÇ (Êèðîâ, 22-25 ìàÿ 2012 ã.). Êèðîâ,2012. Ñ. 596.14. Ñòåïàíîâà À.Ì., Ôåäîðîâà Ì.Ï., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï. ÒàðàáóêèíàÍ.Ï. Ïðîáèîòèê "Íîðä-Áàêò" êàê àëüòåðíàòèâà ïðèìåíåíèÿ àíòè-áèîòèêîâ â ïðîìûøëåííîì ïòèöåâîäñòâå // Äîñòèæåíèÿ íàóêèòåõíèêè â ÀÏÊ 2011. ¹. 5. Ñ. 65-6615. Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Ïåòðîâà Ñ.Ã, Áàèøåâ À.À. Ïðèìåíåíèå ïðîáè-îòèêà " Ñàõàáàêòèñóáòèë" äëÿ êîððåêöèè ìèêðîáèîòû ìîëîäíÿêàëîøàäåé òàáóííîãî ñîäåðæàíèÿ" // Âåñòíèê ÁÃÑÕÀ. 2015 ã. ¹2Ñ.19-2016. Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Áàèøåâ À.À. ÏðèìåíåíèåBac. subtilis â êà÷åñòâå èììóíîìîäóëÿòîðà // Ïðîáëåìû ñòàáèëèçà-öèè è ðàçâèòèÿ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà Êàçàõñòàíà, Ñèáèðè è Ìîíãî-ëèè: Ìàò. III Ìåæäóíàð. íàó÷.-ïðàêò. êîíô. (Àëìà-Àòû 18-19 èþëÿ2000 ã.). Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2000. Ñ. 204.17. Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Ïåòðîâà Ñ.Ã., Îðäàõîâ È.À.,Áàèøåâ À.À. Êóëüòóðàëüíàÿ æèäêîñòü èç øòàììà áàêòåðèé Bacillussubtilis - êàê èììóíîìîäóëÿòîð äëÿ âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ ðèíîïíåâìîíèèëîøàäåé // Ñá. íàó÷. òð. Íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèé ïðîãðåññ â êîíåâîä-ñòâå. Ðÿçàíü, 2010. ¹ 52. Ñ. 314-32118. Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Þðîâ Ê.Ï., Àëåêñååíêîâà Ñ.Â., ÒàðàáóêèíàÍ.Ï., Ïåòðîâà Ñ.Ã., Áàèøåâ À.À. Ðåçóëüòàòû ëàáîðàòîðíîãî êîíò-ðîëÿ èììóíîãåííîñòè èíàêòèâèðîâàííîé âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ ðèíîï-íåâìîíèè è ñàëüìîíåëëåçíîãî àáîðòà ëîøàäåé // Ðîññèéñêàÿ ñåëü-ñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿ íàóêà. 2016. ¹. 4. Ñ. 74-77.19. Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Ôåäîðîâà Ì.Ï., Ìàòâååâ Í.À., ÍåóñòðîåâÌ.Ï., Ñòåïàíîâà À.Ì., Ïàðíèêîâà Ñ.È. Ïðîáèîòè÷åñêîé êîðìîâîéïðîäóêò // Õðàíåíèå è ïåðåðàáîòêà ñåëüõîçñûðüÿ. 2015. ¹ 3. Ñ. 47-50.20. Ñòåïàíîâà À.Ì., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï. è äð. Êîðìî-âàÿ äîáàâêà ïîëó÷åííàÿ ïóòåì ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñèíòåçà èçîòõîäîâ ïòèöåâîäñòâà // Òðóäû Âñåðîññ. ÍÈÈ ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîéâåòåðèíàðèè èì. ß.Ð. Êîâàëåíêî. 2016. Ò. 79. Ñ. 289-296.21. Ñòåïàíîâà À.Ì., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Ñêðÿáèíà Ì.Ï., ÍåóñòðîåâÌ.Ï., Ïàðíèêîâà Ñ.È. Êîðìîâàÿ äîáàâêà èç ïîìåòà - èñòî÷íèêàìèíîêèñëîò è ïîëåçíûõ áàêòåðèé // Âåñòíèê ÐÓÄÍ. Ñåðèÿ: àãðîíî-ìèÿ è æèâîòíîâîäñòâî. 2019. Ò. 14. ¹4. Ñ. 466-480.22. Äóëîâà Ñ.Â., Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Ïàðíèêîâà Ñ.È. Ïðèìåíåíèåñàíèòàðíî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêîãî ñðåäñòâà íà îñíîâå øòàììîâ áàêòåðèéB. subtilis äëÿ îáðàáîòêè êîæè ñîñêîâ âûìåíè êîðîâ // ÂåñòíèêÁàøêèðñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî àãðàðíîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. 2018. ¹ 4(48). Ñ. 70-75.23. Òàðàáóêèíà Í.Ï., Íåóñòðîåâ Ì.Ï., Îáîåâà Í.À., Ìàêñèìîâà À.Í.Äåçèíôåêöèÿ ïîìåùåíèé â ïðèñóòñòâèè òåëÿò // Ñèáèðñêèé âåñòíèêíàóêè. 2019. Ò. 49. ¹ 5. Ñ. 88-93

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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-5ÓÄÊ: 619, 579, 543

Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ íàó÷íîéäåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÓ «Âñåðîññèéñêèéãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Öåíòð êà÷åñòâà èñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ëåêàðñòâåííûõñðåäñòâ äëÿ æèâîòíûõ è êîðìîâ»(ÔÃÁÓ «ÂÃÍÊÈ»)

Êèø Ë.Ê., êàíäèäàò âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, äèðåêòîð ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ", [email protected]Ãåðãåëü Ì.À., çàìåñòèòåëü äèðåêòîðà, ðóêîâîäèòåëüÈñïûòàòåëüíîãî öåíòðà, [email protected]Ìàêàðîâ Ä.À., ñòàðøèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê îòäåëàáåçîïàñíîñòè êîðìîâ è êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê,[email protected]Áóêîâà Í.Ê., äîêòîð áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð,ó÷åíûé ñåêðåòàðü, [email protected]Èâàíîâà À.Í., íà÷àëüíèê îòäåëà íàó÷íîãîïëàíèðîâàíèÿ è àíàëèòè÷åñêîé ðàáîòû,[email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ÂÃÍÊÈ, êîíòðîëü êà÷åñòâà ëåêàð-ñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ è êîð-ìîâ, ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé êîíòðîëü, ïèùåâàÿ áåçîïàñíîñòü

Ðåçþìå: Â ñòàòüå ðàññìîòðåíû îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëå-íèÿ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè îäíîãî èç âå-äóùèõ ïîäâåäîìñòâåííûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçî-ðà, óñïåøíî ôóíêöèîíèðóþùåãî íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïî÷òè 90ëåò. Íàó÷íàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü Ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ, èìåþùàÿ ïðè-êëàäíîé õàðàêòåð, íåðàçðûâíî ñâÿçàíà ñ ïðàêòè÷åñêèìèçàäà÷àìè, îò ðåøåíèÿ êîòîðûõ çàâèñèò âûïîëíåíèå â ïîë-íîì îáú¸ìå âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ, ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè-÷åñêèõ è ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé íà òåð-ðèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè.

Àâòîðû îáðàùàþò îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà äèâåðñèôèêà-öèîííóþ íàó÷íóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ", ïîçâî-ëÿþùóþ îáåñïå÷èòü êîìïëåêñíîñòü ðåøåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåí-íûõ ïåðåä Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì çàäà÷, íàãëÿäíî ïðîäåìîíñòðèðî-âàâ âèäû ðàçðàáàòûâàåìûõ ìåòîäèê è àêòóàëüíîñòü èõïðàêòè÷åñêîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ. ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" ÿâëÿåòñÿóíèêàëüíûì íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèì ó÷ðåæäåíèåì Ðîñ-ñåëüõîçíàäçîðà, êîòîðîå îáåñïå÷èâàåò ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèåâ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ñèñòåìû ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîíò-ðîëÿ êà÷åñòâà, ýôôåêòèâíîñòè è áåçîïàñíîñòè ëåêàðñòâåí-íûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, êîðìîâ è

Êèø Ë.Ê.Kish L.K.


Principal aspects of scientificresearches in FGBI "VGNKI"Kish L.K., Gergel M.A., Makarov D.A.,Bukova N.K., Ivanova A.N. FGBI «The Russian State Center for Quality andStandardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feed» (VGNKI)

Key words: VGNKI, quality control of veterinary drugsand feeds, government control, food safety

Abstract: The article is devoted to the main directions ofscientific activities of one of the leading institutions of theRosselkhoznadzor, which has been successfully operating for90 years. The scientific activity of the Institution, which has anapplied nature, is inseparably linked with practical tasks, whichdepend on the full implementation of veterinary and sanitary,anti-epizootic and therapeutic and preventive measures on theterritory of the Russian Federation.

The authors pay special attention to the diversification ofscientific activities of the FGBI "VGNKI", which makes itpossible to provide a comprehensive solution to the tasks set forthe Institution, clearly demonstrating the types of methodsbeing developed and the relevance of their practical usage.FGBI "VGNKI" is a unique research institution of theRosselkhoznadzor, which ensures the functioning of the systemof governmental control and state supervision of the quality,effectiveness and safety of medicines for veterinary usage,feeds and feed additives for animals in the Russian Federation.Highly qualified staff allows the Institution to conduct scientificresearch at the highest international level and on the mostpriority issues in the field of veterinary medicine.

The institution has developed a unique methodologicalcomplex that includes more than 200 methods and state standardsthat are used for the annual performance of at least 40 thousandlaboratory tests on governmental tasks.

Based on mass spectrometric detection arbitrage analysismethods allow to identify detected agents with high accuracyand monitor the safety of food products and feeds in accordancewith world best practices. The institution has developed interstatestandards that are used in the Russian Federation and othercountries of the Customs Union, which include methods foranalyzing 360 major xenobiotics from 39 different groups.

The Institute has developed methods based on inductivelycoupled plasma mass spectrometry that allows determiningorganic and inorganic forms of mercury, arsenic, and arsenic-containing animal growth stimulators in food raw materials andfeeds. Methods are being developed for determining chemicalpollutants in livestock products using liquid or gaschromatography with mass spectrometric detection usinginnovative immunochemical biochips technology.

A topical problem of scientific activity of the Institute is themonitoring of antibiotic resistance of zoonotic bacteria isolatedfrom the biomaterial of productive animals, food, feeds, andenvironmental objects to the main groups of antibacterial agentsused in veterinary medicine. In addition, molecular genetictechniques will be developed for rapid isolation of the mostcommon determinants of resistance to antimicrobial drugs usedin veterinary medicine.

Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÓ «Âñåðîññèéñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Öåíòð êà÷åñòâà èñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðå6äñòâ äëÿ æèâîòíûõ è êîðìîâ» (ÔÃÁÓ «ÂÃÍÊÈ») / Êèø Ë.Ê. [è äð.] //Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. – 2020. - ¹2 – Ñ. 21-24.Principal aspects of scientific researches in FGBI «The Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of VeterinaryDrugs and Feed» (VGNKI) / Kish L.K. [et al.] // Veterinaria I kormlenie. – 2020. - ¹2 – P. 21-24.


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êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê äëÿ æèâîòíûõ. Âûñîêîêâàëèôèöèðî-âàííûé ïåðñîíàë ïîçâîëÿåò Ó÷ðåæäåíèþ ïðîâîäèòü íàó÷-íûå èçûñêàíèÿ íà ìèðîâîì óðîâíå è ïî íàèáîëåå ïðèîðè-òåòíûì ïðîáëåìíûì âîïðîñàì â ñôåðå âåòåðèíàðèè.

Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì ðàçðàáîòàí óíèêàëüíûé ìåòîäè÷åñêèéêîìïëåêñ, âêëþ÷àþùèé áîëåå 200 ìåòîäèê è ÃÎÑÒîâ,ïðèìåíÿþùèõñÿ ïðè åæåãîäíîì âûïîëíåíèè íå ìåíåå 40òûñ. èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ãîñóäàðñòâåííûì ðàáîòàì. Àðáèò-ðàæíûå ìåòîäû àíàëèçà, îñíîâàííûå íà ìàññ-ñïåêòðîìåò-ðè÷åñêîì äåòåêòèðîâàíèè, ïîçâîëÿþò ñ âûñîêîé òî÷íîñ-òüþ èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü îáíàðóæèâàåìûå àãåíòû è, òàêèìîáðàçîì, îñóùåñòâëÿòü ìîíèòîðèíã áåçîïàñíîñòè ïèùå-âîé ïðîäóêöèè è êîðìîâ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïåðåäîâîé ìèðî-âîé ïðàêòèêîé. Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì ðàçðàáîòàíû ìåæãîñóäàð-ñòâåííûå ñòàíäàðòû, ïðèìåíÿþùèåñÿ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäå-ðàöèè è äðóãèõ ñòðàíàõ Òàìîæåííîãî ñîþçà, â êîòîðûåâîøëè ìåòîäû äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ àíàëèçà íà 360 îñíîâíûõêñåíîáèîòèêîâ èç 39 ãðóïï.

Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì ðàçðàáîòàíû ìåòîäèêè íà îñíîâå ìàññ-ñïåêòðîìåòðèè ñ èíäóêòèâíî ñâÿçàííîé ïëàçìîé, êîòîðûåïîçâîëÿþò îïðåäåëÿòü â ïèùåâîì ñûðüå è êîðìàõ îðãàíè-÷åñêèå è íåîðãàíè÷åñêèå ôîðìû ðòóòè, ìûøüÿêà è ìûøü-ÿêñîäåðæàùèå ñòèìóëÿòîðû ðîñòà æèâîòíûõ.

Ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ ìåòîäèêè îïðåäåëåíèÿ õèìè÷åñêèõçàãðÿçíèòåëåé æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè ñ èñïîëüçî-âàíèåì æèäêîñòíîé èëè ãàçîâîé õðîìàòîãðàôèè ñ ìàññ-ñïåêòðîìåòðè÷åñêèì äåòåêòèðîâàíèåì ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì èí-íîâàöèîííîé òåõíîëîãèè èììóíîõèìè÷åñêèõ áèî÷èïîâ.

Àêòóàëüíîé òåìîé íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÃÍÊÈ" ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîâåäåíèå ìîíèòîðèíãà àíòèáèîòèêî-ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè çîîíîçíûõ áàêòåðèé, èçîëèðîâàííûõ èç áèî-ìàòåðèàëà ïðîäóêòèâíûõ æèâîòíûõ, ïèùåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ,êîðìîâ, îáúåêòîâ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû ê îñíîâíûì ãðóïïàìàíòèáàêòåðèàëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ, èñïîëüçóåìûõ â âåòåðèíàðèè èìåäèöèíå. Êðîìå òîãî, áóäóò ðàçðàáîòàíû ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèå ìåòîäèêè äëÿ ýêñïðåññ-âûäåëåíèÿ íàèáîëåå÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþùèõñÿ äåòåðìèíàíò ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè ê àíòè-ìèêðîáíûì ïðåïàðàòàì, ïðèìåíÿåìûì â âåòåðèíàðèè.

ÔÃÁÓ "Âñåðîññèéñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Öåíòð êà÷å-ñòâà è ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ æèâîò-íûõ è êîðìîâ" (ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ") ÿâëÿåòñÿ âåäóùåé îðãà-íèçàöèåé â ñôåðå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîíòðîëÿ çà îáðàùåíè-åì ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿè îêîëî 90 ëåò (ãîä îáðàçîâàíèÿ – 1931) ýôôåêòèâíî îñóùå-ñòâëÿåò ôóíêöèè, âîçëîæåííûå ðóêîâîäñòâîì ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íîé âåòåðèíàðíîé ñëóæáû.

Ðåçóëüòàòû íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé ðàáîòû Ó÷ðåæ-äåíèÿ ïîçâîëèëè óñïåøíî ïðîéòè âåäîìñòâåííóþ îöåíêóíàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïîäâåäîìñòâåííûõ Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçî-ðó îðãàíèçàöèé è îòíåñòè ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" ê îðãàíèçàöèÿì-ëèäåðàì â ñâîåé ðåôåðåíòíîé ãðóïïå "Æèâîòíîâîäñòâî èâåòåðèíàðíûå íàóêè" è ïîëó÷èòü 1 êàòåãîðèþ íàó÷íûõ îðãà-íèçàöèé ïî III ïðîôèëþ "Íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèå óñëóãè".

Íàó÷íàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü Ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ âûïîëíÿåòñÿ ñ ó÷à-ñòèåì áîëåå 140 íàó÷íûõ ñîòðóäíèêîâ, ñðåäè êîòîðûõ 10äîêòîðîâ, 74 êàíäèäàòà íàóê, 5 ïðîôåññîðîâ, 8 äîöåíòîâ,ëàóðåàò Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ïðåìèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè,ëàóðåàò ïðåìèè Ñîâåòà Ìèíèñòðîâ ÑÑÑÐ. Çàìåñòèòåëü äè-ðåêòîðà ïî íàóêå, ä.âåò.í. À.Å. Ìåòëèí è ñîâåòíèê, ä.âåò.í.,ïðîô., àêàäåìèê ÐÀÍ À.Í. Ïàíèí ïðèíèìàþò ó÷àñòèå â ðàáî-òå ãðóïï ýêñïåðòîâ Âñåìèðíîé îðãàíèçàöèè çäðàâîîõðàíåíèÿæèâîòíûõ (ÌÝÁ), À.Í. Ïàíèí ÿâëÿåòñÿ òàêæå ýêñïåðòîì êî-ìèññèè ÔÀÎ/ÂÎÇ ïî àíòèìèêðîáíîé ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè.

Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÃÍÊÈ" îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïóíêòîì "ã"ïðèîðèòåòíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé Ñòðàòåãèè íàó÷íî-òåõíîëîãè-÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè: "ïåðåõîä ê âûñî-êîïðîäóêòèâíîìó è ýêîëîãè÷åñêè ÷èñòîìó àãðî- è àêâàõî-çÿéñòâó, ðàçðàáîòêà è âíåäðåíèå ñèñòåì ðàöèîíàëüíîãî ïðè-

ìåíåíèÿ ñðåäñòâ õèìè÷åñêîé è áèîëîãè÷åñêîé çàùèòû ñåëü-ñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ, õðàíåíèå è ýôôåê-òèâíóþ ïåðåðàáîòêó ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé ïðîäóêöèè, ñî-çäàíèå áåçîïàñíûõ è êà÷åñòâåííûõ, â òîì ÷èñëå ôóíêöèî-íàëüíûõ, ïðîäóêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ", à òàêæå Ôåäåðàëüíîé öåëåâîéïðîãðàììîé "Íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà õèìè÷åñêîé è áèîëîãè-÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè".

Îäíèìè èç íàèáîëåå âàæíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ íàó÷íî-èñ-ñëåäîâàòåëüñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè Ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ íî-âûå ìåòîäèêè è ÃÎÑÒû, ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå êîòîðûõ ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÃÍÊÈ" ó÷èòûâàåò òðåáîâàíèÿ ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ è ðîñ-ñèéñêèõ íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ, ðåãëàìåíòèðóþùèõáåçîïàñíîñòü ïèùåâîé ïðîäóêöèè è êîðìîâ.

Â ñîâîêóïíîñòè, ñ 2003 ã. ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" â îáëàñòèáåçîïàñíîñòè ïèùåâîé ïðîäóêöèè è êîðìîâ ðàçðàáîòàí óíè-êàëüíûé ìåòîäè÷åñêèé êîìïëåêñ, âêëþ÷àþùèé 90 ìåòîäèêè áîëåå 100 ÃÎÑÒîâ, ëåæàùèõ â îñíîâå åæåãîäíîãî âûïîë-íåíèÿ Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì 40 000 ëàáîðàòîðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîðàçëè÷íûì íàïðàâëåíèÿì ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ðàáîò.

Óíèêàëüíîñòü ðàçðàáîòàííûõ ìåòîäèê ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ"îáóñëîâëåíà òåì, ÷òî â èõ îñíîâå ëåæàò ïîäòâåðæäàþùèå(àðáèòðàæíûå) ìåòîäû àíàëèçà, îñíîâàííûå íà ìàññ-ñïåê-òðîìåòðè÷åñêîì äåòåêòèðîâàíèè, ïîçâîëÿþùèå îäíîçíà÷-íî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü îïðåäåëÿåìûå âåùåñòâà. Òàêîé ïîä-õîä ñîîòâåòñòâóåò òðåáîâàíèÿì ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ ðóêîâîäÿ-ùèõ äîêóìåíòîâ â ýòîé îáëàñòè (Codex Alimentarius, äèðåê-òèâà ÅÑ 2002/657) è ïîçâîëÿåò îñóùåñòâëÿòü ïîëíîöåííûåïðîãðàììû ìîíèòîðèíãà áåçîïàñíîñòè ïèùåâîé ïðîäóê-öèè è êîðìîâ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ìèðîâîé ïðàêòèêîé.

Ðàçðàáîòàííûå ìåòîäèêè îõâàòûâàþò ïðàêòè÷åñêè âåñüñïåêòð îñíîâíûõ êñåíîáèîòèêîâ, âûÿâëÿåìûõ â ïèùåâîéïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, ïîçâîëÿÿ ïðîâî-äèòü àíàëèç 360 ñîåäèíåíèé èç 39 ãðóïï.

Âïåðâûå â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè è íà òåððèòîðèèÒàìîæåííîãî ñîþçà Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíûìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûå ñòàíäàðòû íà ïîäòâåðæäàþùèå (àðáèò-ðàæíûå) ìåòîäû äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ îñòàòî÷íîãî ñîäåðæàíèÿàíòèáèîòèêîâ òåòðàöèêëèíîâîé ãðóïïû, ñóëüôàíèëàìèäîâ,àìôåíèêîëîâ, ïåíèöèëëèíîâ, íèòðîèìèäàçîëîâ, áåòà-àäðå-íîñòèìóëÿòîðîâ, äèîêñèíîâ, ïîëèõëîðèðîâàííûõ áèôåíèëîâ,íèòðîôóðàíîâ, àíàáîëè÷åñêèõ ñòåðîèäîâ, õèíîëîíîâ, àìè-íîãëèêîçèäîâ, íåñòåðîèäíûõ ïðîòèâîâîñïàëèòåëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ,àíòãåëüìèíòèêîâ, àíàáîëè÷åñêèõ ñòåðîèäîâ è ïðîèçâîäíûõñòèëüáåíà, b-àäðåíîñòèìóëÿòîðîâ, ìûøüÿêñîäåðæàùèõ ñòè-ìóëÿòîðîâ ðîñòà æèâîòíûõ â ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîì ñûðüå ñèñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìàññ-ñïåêòðîìåòðè÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ.

Ââåäåíèå â äåéñòâèå òàêèõ íîðìàòèâíûõ äîêóìåíòîâïîçâîëèëî ïîäíÿòü íà êà÷åñòâåííî íîâûé óðîâåíü êîíò-ðîëü áåçîïàñíîñòè ïèùåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ è êîðìîâ.

Äëÿ ñòèìóëÿòîðîâ ðîñòà è íåêîòîðûõ ãðóïï õèìèîòå-ðàïåâòè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ áûëè òàêæå ðàçðàáîòàíû ñêðè-íèíãîâûå èììóíîõèìè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû îïðåäåëåíèÿ, â ðå-çóëüòàòå ÷åãî áûëà ñîçäàíà äâóõóðîâíåâàÿ ñèñòåìà êîíòðî-ëÿ õèìè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîäîâîëüñòâèÿ, çàêëþ÷àþ-ùàÿñÿ â ñëåäóþùåì: íà ïåðâîì óðîâíå ðåãèîíàëüíûå ëàáî-ðàòîðèè ïðîâîäÿò àíàëèç îáðàçöîâ ïðîäóêöèè ñêðèíèíãî-âûìè ìåòîäàìè, à íà âòîðîì ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" ïðîâîäèòïîäòâåðæäàþùèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ïðîá àð-áèòðàæíûì ìåòîäîì.

Ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå ñêðèíèíãîâûõ ìåòîäèê áûëè ñîçäàíûè çàïàòåíòîâàíû îðèãèíàëüíûå ñïîñîáû ñèíòåçà ðÿäà èì-ìóíîãåíîâ, ïîçâîëèâøèå ïîëó÷èòü ñïåöèôè÷íûå èììóíî-ðåàãåíòû è ñîçäàòü íà èõ îñíîâå ýôôåêòèâíûå èììóíîõè-ìè÷åñêèå ìåòîäèêè äëÿ ýêñïðåññíîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ àíàáî-ëè÷åñêèõ ñòèìóëÿòîðîâ ðîñòà æèâîòíûõ è õèìèîòåðàïåâ-òè÷åñêèõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ â êîðìàõ è ïðîäóêöèèæèâîòíîâîäñòâà. Ðàçðàáîòàíû è àòòåñòîâàíû èììóíîõè-ìè÷åñêèå ìåòîäèêè îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ ëèíêîìèöè-íà, òèëîçèíà â ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ. Ñî-çäàíà òåñò-ñèñòåìà ÈÔÀ äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ îñòàòî÷íîãî ñî-


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äåðæàíèÿ ñåìèêàðáàçèäà â ìîëîêå, ìåäå, ðûáå è ìÿñå.Äèàïàçîí èçìåðåíèé ìàññîâîé äîëè ÑÅÌ ñîñòàâëÿåò îò 0,5äî 62,5 ìêã/êã.

Òàêæå çàïàòåíòîâàí ñïîñîá ýôôåêòèâíîãî è âûñîêî-÷óâñòâèòåëüíîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ òðèôåíèëìåòàíîâûõ êðàñè-òåëåé â ïðîäóêöèè àêâàêóëüòóðû.

Îñîáóþ âàæíîñòü ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ðàçðàáîòàííûéè àòòåñòîâàííûé ìåòîä èçìåðåíèÿ ìàññîâîé äîëè êàðíèòè-íà. Ïðåäëîæåííûé ñïîñîá ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ äëÿ èçìå-ðåíèÿ ìàññîâîé äîëè L-êàðíèòèíà è D-êàðíèòèíà (â òîì÷èñëå ïðè ñîâìåñòíîì ïðèñóòñòâèè) ìåòîäîì õèðàëüíîéÂÝÆÕ ñ ôëóîðåñöåíòíûì äåòåêòèðîâàíèåì è èñïîëüçóåò-ñÿ äëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿ ïðîäóêöèè, ñîäåðæàùåé D-êàðíèòèí èîáëàäàþùåé òîêñè÷åñêèì ýôôåêòîì â êîðìàõ, êîìáèêîð-ìàõ, êîðìîâûõ äîáàâêàõ, âåòåðèíàðíûõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõñðåäñòâàõ. Ïîäàíà çàÿâêà íà ïîëó÷åíèå ïàòåíòà ïî ýòîéìåòîäèêå. Êðîìå òîãî, â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû Ó÷ðåæäåíèåìðàçðàáîòàíû è àòòåñòîâàíû åäèíñòâåííûå â ñòðàíå ìåòîäè-êè íà îñíîâå ìàññ-ñïåêòðîìåòðèè ñ èíäóêòèâíî ñâÿçàííîéïëàçìîé. Ïðèìåíåíèå òàêèõ ìåòîäèê ïîçâîëÿåò îïðåäåëÿòüâ ïèùåâîì ñûðüå è êîðìàõ îðãàíè÷åñêèå è íåîðãàíè÷åñêèåôîðìû ðòóòè, ìûøüÿêà è ìûøüÿêñîäåðæàùèå ñòèìóëÿòî-ðû ðîñòà æèâîòíûõ.

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ Ó÷ðåæäåíèå ïðîäîëæàåò ñîçäàíèåìåòîäèê îïðåäåëåíèÿ íàèáîëåå àêòóàëüíûõ õèìè÷åñêèõçàãðÿçíèòåëåé æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè, áîëüøèíñòâîêîòîðûõ áóäåò îñíîâàíî íà ïðèíöèïå æèäêîñòíîé èëèãàçîâîé õðîìàòîãðàôèè ñ ìàññ-ñïåêòðîìåòðè÷åñêèì äåòåê-òèðîâàíèåì, è íåêîòîðûå áóäóò ñêðèíèíãîâûìè, â òîì÷èñëå è ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì èííîâàöèîííîé òåõíîëîãèè èììó-íîõèìè÷åñêèõ áèî÷èïîâ.

Ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ ìåòîäèêè îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîëèáðîìè-ðîâàííûõ è ïîëèôòîðèðîâàííûõ çàãðÿçíèòåëåé ïðîäóêöèèæèâîòíîâîäñòâà. Äàííûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäûðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ìåæäóíàðîäíûì ñîîáùåñòâîì êàê ñåðü-¸çíàÿ ïðîáëåìà çàãðÿçíåíèÿ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è ïèùåâîéïðîäóêöèè. Ñîçäàþòñÿ ìåòîäèêè îïðåäåëåíèÿ íåîíèêîòè-íîèäîâ è ãëèôîñàòà â ì¸äå, øèðîêîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå äàííûõïåñòèöèäîâ â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå íàíîñèò íåïîïðàâèìûéóðîí ï÷åëîâîäñòâó è ïðèâîäèò ê çàãðÿçíåíèþ ïðîäóêöèè.

Îòäåëüíûé èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ðàçðàáàòûâàå-ìàÿ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ìåòîäèêà êîìïëåêñíîãî îïðåäåëå-íèÿ êñåíîáèîòèêîâ â ïèùåâîì è êîðìîâîì ñûðüå íà îñíîâåñâåðõýôôåêòèâíîé æèäêîñòíîé õðîìàòðàôèè ñ ìàññ-ñïåê-òðîìåòðè÷åñêèì äåòåêòèðîâàíèåì âûñîêîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ,êîòîðàÿ ïîçâîëèò ïðîâîäèòü øèðîêîìàñøòàáíûé ñêðèíèíãïðèñóòñòâèÿ â îáðàçöå ìíîæåñòâà ðàçëè÷íûõ ãðóïï ôàðìà-êîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûõ âåùåñòâ.

Îñîáóþ ïðàêòè÷åñêóþ çíà÷èìîñòü ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ìåòî-äèêà îïðåäåëåíèÿ â âîäíûõ îðãàíèçìàõ ðàçëè÷íûõ ãðóïïôèêîòîêñèíîâ, âûçûâàþùèõ îñòðûå îòðàâëåíèÿ.

Çàïëàíèðîâàíà ðàçðàáîòêà ìåòîäèêè îïðåäåëåíèÿ øè-ðîêîãî ñïèñêà ïåñòèöèäîâ (âêëþ÷àÿ ôóíãèöèäû, èíñåêòè-öèäû è àêàðèöèäû), ïîëèõëîðèðîâàííûõ íàôòàëèíîâ, ôòà-ëàòîâ, ãåðáèöèäà ãëèôîñàòà è ïðîäóêòîâ åãî ìåòàáîëèçìà âïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîâîäñòâà, ðàçëè÷íûõ ïðèìåíÿåìûõ âàêâàêóëüòóðå êðàñèòåëåé, ðÿäà àíòèáàêòåðèàëüíûõ è àíòè-ïðîòîçîéíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ, à òàêæå íîâûõ ãîðìîíàëüíûõñòèìóëÿòîðîâ ðîñòà - ñåëåêòèâíûõ ìîäóëÿòîðîâ àíäðîãåí-íûõ ðåöåïòîðîâ (SARMS).

Îñîáóþ âàæíîñòü ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ïëàíèðóåìàÿ ðàç-ðàáîòêà ìåòîäèêè îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñîåäèíåíèé, íàðóøàþùèõðàáîòó ýíäîêðèííîé ñèñòåìû. Äàííûå âåùåñòâà ïðèíàäëå-æàò ê ðàçëè÷íûì õèìè÷åñêèì ãðóïïàì è ìîãóò ïîïàäàòü âïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîâîäñòâà èç îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû âñëåä-ñòâèå å¸ ïðîìûøëåííîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ, à òàêæå èç óïàêîâêè.

Òàêæå îäíèì èç øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðà íàïðàâëåíèé íàó÷-íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðàçðàáîòêàýêñïðåññ-ìåòîäà êîíòðîëÿ ïîäëèííîñòè ëåêàðñòâåííûõñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì

ÈÊ-ñïåêòðîñêîïèè è ðàçðàáîòêà ýêñïðåññ-ìåòîäà êîíòðî-ëÿ ïîäëèííîñòè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàð-íîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ â æèäêèõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ôîðìàõ ñ èñ-ïîëüçîâàíèåì ÊÐ-ñïåêòðîñêîïèè.

Â îáëàñòè ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèéóæå áîëåå 14 ëåò ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" îñóùåñòâëÿåò ðàçðàáîòêóè âíåäðåíèå â ëàáîðàòîðíóþ ïðàêòèêó ìåòîäèê, ÃÎÑÒîâ,ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ óêàçàíèé äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãîêîíòðîëÿ è ìîíèòîðèíãà êîðìîâ è ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîéïðîäóêöèè íà íàëè÷èå ÃÌÎ. Ìåòîäèêè ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ"èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ ýôôåêòèâíîãî îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ ãîñóäàð-ñòâåííîãî êîíòðîëÿ è ìîíèòîðèíãà çà îáîðîòîì ÃÌÎ.

ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" ïðåäëîæåíà íîâàÿ êîíöåïöèÿ ïðîâå-äåíèÿ ëàáîðàòîðíîãî êîíòðîëÿ ñûðüÿ, êîðìîâ, çåðíà è ïðî-äóêòîâ åãî ïåðåðàáîòêè, ñîäåðæàùèõ ãåíåòè÷åñêè-ìîäè-ôèöèðîâàííûå êîìïîíåíòû. Ðàçðàáîòàíà ñòðàòåãèÿ ïðîâå-äåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé, îñíîâàííàÿ íà ïðèìåíåíèè ðèñê-îðè-åíòèðîâàííîãî è ìàòðè÷íîãî ïîäõîäîâ ê èññëåäîâàíèÿì.Èõ ïðèìåíåíèå ïîâûøàåò ýôôåêòèâíîñòü îáíàðóæåíèéÃÌÎ, ïîçâîëÿåò âûÿâëÿòü íåçàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûå ãåííî-ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûå ëèíèè, à òàêæå ñíèçèòü îáùåå êîëè÷å-ñòâî èññëåäîâàíèé.

Ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíè Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì ðàçðàáîòàíû 8ìåòîäèê è ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé, îäèí ìåæãîñóäàð-ñòâåííûé è äâà íàöèîíàëüíûõ ÃÎÑÒà, ïîçâîëÿþùèå ðåà-ëèçîâàòü êîìïëåêñíûé ïîäõîä ê ÃÌÎ-àíàëèçó íàèáîëååçíà÷èìûõ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ (ñîè, êóêóðóçû, ðàïñà) èïðîäîâîëüñòâåííûõ (ðèñ, êàðòîôåëü) êóëüòóð.

Íàðÿäó ñ ðàçðàáîòêîé íîâûõ ìåòîäèê îáíàðóæåíèÿÃÌÎ ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" çàï-ëàíèðîâàíà ðàçðàáîòêà ÏÖÐ-ìåòîäèê âûÿâëåíèÿ ãåíåòè-÷åñêè ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ – ïðîäóöåí-òîâ àìèíîêèñëîò, âèòàìèíîâ, ôåðìåíòîâ, àêòèâíî èñïîëü-çóåìûõ â ïðîèçâîäñòâå êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê. Òàêæå îñîáûéèíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ðàçðàáîòêà ìåòîäèê âûÿâëåíèÿ ÃÌÎæèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ãåíåòè÷åñêè ìî-äèôèöèðîâàííîãî ëîñîñÿ, ðàçðåøåííîãî ê èñïîëüçîâàíèþâ ïèùó â ÑØÀ, Êàíàäå è ñòðàíàõ ÅÑ.

Íàðÿäó ñ ðàçðàáîòêîé íîâûõ ìåòîäèê îáíàðóæåíèÿÃÌÎ ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" çàï-ëàíèðîâàíà ðàçðàáîòêà ìåòîäèê âûÿâëåíèÿ ãåíåòè÷åñêèìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå ïðîäó-öåíòîâ àìèíîêèñëîò, âèòàìèíîâ, ôåðìåíòîâ, àêòèâíî èñ-ïîëüçóåìûõ â ïðîèçâîäñòâå êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê, è ìèêðîîð-ãàíèçìîâ, à òàêæå èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõñðåäñòâ (íàïðèìåð, âåêòîðíûå âàêöèíû).

Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû àêòèâíî ïðèìåíÿ-þòñÿ ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ïîäòâåðæäåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà è áåçîïàñ-íîñòè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ æèâîòíûõ. Ðàçðàáîòàíûè ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ ÃÎÑÒû è ìåòîäèêè íà îñíîâå ÏÖÐ, ïîçâî-ëÿþùèå êîíòðîëèðîâàòü êîíòàìèíàöèþ èììóíîáèîëîãè-÷åñêèõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ, ñûâîðîòîê, êóëüòóð êëå-òîê ìèêîïëàçìàìè è ÷óæåðîäíûìè âèðóñàìè, îïðåäåëÿòüïîäëèííîñòü øòàììîâ, âõîäÿùèõ â ñîñòàâ ðÿäà âàêöèí äëÿæèâîòíûõ. Ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ è ñîâåðøåíñòâóþòñÿ ìåòîäûÏÖÐ-äèàãíîñòèêè èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ.

Ñîòðóäíèêàìè Ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ âïåðâûå áûëè ïðîâåäåíûìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ðàçíîîáðàçèÿöèðêóëèðóþùèõ íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèèøòàììîâ âèðóñà ðåïðîäóêòèâíî-ðåñïèðàòîðíîãî ñèíäðî-ìà ñâèíåé è ïàðâîâèðóñà ñâèíåé, êîðîíàâèðóñà êîøåê,öèðêîâèðóñà ïîïóãàåâ, âèðóñà àëåóòñêîé áîëåçíè íîðîê.Òàêæå âïåðâûå áûëè îõàðàêòåðèçîâàíû ïòè÷üè èçîëÿòûâîçáóäèòåëÿ îðíèòîçà Chlamydophila psittaci, ïîëó÷åíû äàí-íûå îá îáíàðóæåíèè íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè âèðóñà áîëåçíèØìàëëåíáåðã.

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" âûïîëíÿåòñÿíàó÷íàÿ ðàáîòà ïî ñðàâíèòåëüíîìó èçó÷åíèþ îòå÷åñòâåí-íûõ íàáîðîâ äëÿ ÏÖÐ-äèàãíîñòèêè, â êîòîðîé âïåðâûåèçó÷àþòñÿ ïîêàçàòåëè êà÷åñòâà è õàðàêòåðèñòèêè òåñò-ñèñ-


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òåì äëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿ âèðóñîâ À×Ñ è ãðèïïà, ïîäíèìàþòñÿâîïðîñû êîíòðîëÿ äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ íàáîðîâ, èñïîëüçóå-ìûõ â ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ïðîãðàììàõ ìîíèòîðèíãà çàáîëå-âàíèé æèâîòíûõ.

Çàïëàíèðîâàíà ðàçðàáîòêà êîìïëåêñà ìåòîäèê âûÿâëå-íèÿ âîçáóäèòåëåé áîëåçíåé îáúåêòîâ àêâàêóëüòóðû íà îñ-íîâå ÏÖÐ. Äàííûå ìåòîäèêè ïîçâîëÿò ñíèçèòü ðèñêè, ñâÿ-çàííûå ñ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì íà òåððèòîðèè ÐîññèéñêîéÔåäåðàöèè áîëåçíåé îáúåêòîâ àêâàêóëüòóðû, ÷òî óñèëèòýêñïîðòíûé ïîòåíöèàë êîðìîâ äëÿ àêâàêóëüòóðû, ïîâûñèòêîíòðîëü áèîáåçîïàñíîñòè èìïîðòèðóåìîé ïðîäóêöèè.

Â öåëÿõ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿÐîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè â îòíîøåíèè ñïîíãèîôîðìíûõ ýí-öåôàëîïàòèé, âêëþ÷àÿ ãóáêîîáðàçíóþ ýíöåôàëîïàòèþêðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" ïðîâîäèò èññëå-äîâàíèÿ êîðìîâ è ìóêè æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ íà íàëè-÷èå òêàíåé æâà÷íûõ è ïëîòîÿäíûõ æèâîòíûõ ìåòîäîìïîëèìåðàçíîé öåïíîé ðåàêöèè (ÏÖÐ).

Ó÷ðåæäåíèåì ðàçðàáîòàíà ÏÖÐ òåñò-ñèñòåìà äëÿ îïðå-äåëåíèÿ âèäîâîé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè òêàíåé æâà÷íûõ æèâîò-íûõ â êîðìàõ è ðûáíîé ìóêå. Íà å¸ îñíîâå ñîçäàíà ýôôåê-òèâíàÿ ñèñòåìà êîíòðîëÿ âñåõ ïàðòèé ïîñòóïàþùèõ â ñòðà-íó êîðìîâ è ðûáíîé ìóêè â öåëÿõ èñêëþ÷åíèÿ ôàëüñèôèêà-öèè ïðîäóêöèè, ÷òî ïîçâîëèëî ïðåäîòâðàòèòü çàâîç è ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíèå ïî òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè îïàñ-íûõ ïðèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé æèâîòíûõ.

Ñ öåëüþ ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ ñèñòåìû êîíòðîëÿ êà÷å-ñòâà ïèùåâîé ïðîäóêöèè ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ" äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿâèäîâîé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè ìÿñà æèâîòíûõ è ðûá áûëà ðàç-ðàáîòàíà ìåòîäèêà íà îñíîâå ñåêâåíèðîâàíèÿ ó÷àñòêà ìè-òîõîíäðèàëüíîãî ãåíîìà ïî ìåòîäó Ñåíãåðà. Äàííàÿ ìåòî-äèêà è ðàçðàáîòàííûé íà åå îñíîâå ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûéñòàíäàðò ïðåäíàçíà÷åíû äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ îäíîêîìïîíåí-òíîé ïðîäóêöèè è èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ðóòèííûõèññëåäîâàíèé â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ îáëàñòüþ àêêðåäèòàöèèÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ".

Äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ìíîãîêîìïîíåíòíîé ðûáíîé ïðî-äóêöèè, â òîì ÷èñëå îáðàçöîâ ñ âûñîêîé ñòåïåíüþ äåãðàäà-öèè ÄÍÊ, ðàçðàáîòàíà ìåòîäèêà âèäîâîé èäåíòèôèêàöèèíà îñíîâå ìàññèâíîãî ïàðàëëåëüíîãî ñåêâåíèðîâàíèÿ, ïðå-äóñìàòðèâàþùàÿ îïðåäåëåíèå íóêëåîòèäíûõ ïîñëåäîâà-òåëüíîñòåé íåñêîëüêèõ ôðàãìåíòîâ ãåíîìà ðûá â îäíîìîáðàçöå. Â õîäå ðàçðàáîòêè ìåòîäèêè áûë ñîçäàí ñîáñòâåí-íûé êàòàëîã ðåôåðåíñíûõ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòåé öåëåâûõôðàãìåíòîâ äëÿ 115 âèäîâ ïðîìûñëîâûõ ðûá, ñîñòàâëåí-íûé ñ ó÷åòîì áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ, à òàêæå ïðåä-ëîæåí àëãîðèòì áèîèíôîðìàòè÷åñêîãî àíàëèçà è ñîîòâåò-ñòâóþùèå ñêðèïòû äëÿ àâòîìàòèçàöèè îáðàáîòêè âûõîä-íûõ äàííûõ ýêñïåðèìåíòà.

Îòäåëüíîé òåìîé íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÃÍÊÈ" ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîâåäåíèå ìîíèòîðèíãà àíòèáèîòèêî-ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè çîîíîçíûõ áàêòåðèé ðîäîâ Escherichiai,Salmonella, Enterococcus, Campylobacter, âûäåëÿåìûõ èçáèîìàòåðèàëà ïðîäóêòèâíûõ æèâîòíûõ, ïèùåâûõ ïðîäóê-òîâ è êîðìîâ ê îñíîâíûì èñïîëüçóåìûì â âåòåðèíàðèè èâàæíûì äëÿ ìåäèöèíû ãðóïïàì àíòèáàêòåðèàëüíûõ ñðåäñòâ.Èññëåäîâàíèå ôåíîòèïè÷åñêîé óñòîé÷èâîñòè ïðîâîäèòñÿìåòîäîì îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìèíèìàëüíûõ ïîäàâëÿþùèõ êîí-öåíòðàöèé, ãàðìîíèçèðîâàííûì ñ ìåæäóíàðîäíûìè òðå-áîâàíèÿìè, à èññëåäîâàíèå ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ äåòåðìèíàíò ðå-çèñòåíòíîñòè – ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèìè ìåòîäàìè, âòîì ÷èñëå ïîëíîãåíîìíûì ñåêâåíèðîâàíèåì ðÿäà ìóëüòè-ðåçèñòåíòíûõ èçîëÿòîâ. Àíàëèç äàííûõ ïðîâîäèòñÿ ñ èñ-ïîëüçîâàíèåì èííîâàöèîííîé Äàííûå ïî áîëåå ÷åì 800èçîëÿòàì íàõîäÿòñÿ â ñâîáîäíîì äîñòóïå íà ñàéòå áàçû.

Ñ öåëüþ ðàñøèðåíèÿ ïðîãðàììû ìîíèòîðèíãà àíòèáè-îòèêîðåçèñòåíòíîñòè ïëàíèðóåòñÿ èçó÷åíèå äåòåðìèíàíòóñòîé÷èâîñòè íà óðîâíå êîíêðåòíûõ ìèêðîáèîìîâ (â îáúåê-òàõ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ æèâîòíîâîäñòâîì, âêèøå÷íèêå æèâîòíûõ è ïòèö èç ðàçëè÷íûõ õîçÿéñòâ è ò.ï),

ðàçðàáîòêà ìåòîäîâ îïðåäåëåíèÿ îñòàòêîâ àíòèìèêðîáíûõñðåäñòâ â îáúåêòàõ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, à òàêæå îöåíêàðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîñòè ìèêîçîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðèñêîâ âîçíèê-íîâåíèÿ ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè ê àíòèìèêîòè÷åñêèì ñðåäñòâàì.Êðîìå òîãî, áóäóò ðàçðàáîòàíû ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèåìåòîäèêè äëÿ ýêñïðåññ-âûÿâëåíèÿ íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî âñòðå÷à-þùèõñÿ äåòåðìèíàíò ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè ê àíòèìèêðîáíûìïðåïàðàòàì, ïðèìåíÿåìûì â âåòåðèíàðèè.

Ðåçóëüòàòîì íàó÷íîé ðàáîòû, ïðîâåäåííîé â Ó÷ðåæäå-íèè ïî ìîíèòîðèíãó êà÷åñòâà ñïåðìû áûêîâ-ïðîèçâîäèòå-ëåé, ñòàëî øèðîêîå îáñóæäåíèå ïðîáëåìû êîíòðîëÿ ïëå-ìåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà ñ öåëüþ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèÿ èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé.

Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü óòâåðæäåíû è âíåäðåíû â ïðàê-òèêó ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè, óñòàíàâëèâàþùèå áî-ëåå 20 ìåòîäèê èäåíòèôèêàöèè íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåí-íûõ ìóòàöèé êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà ãîëøòèíñêîé, áóðîéøâèöêîé, àáåðäèí-àíãóññêîé è ñèììåíòàëüñêîé ïîðîä, ñâÿ-çàííûõ ñ ìîíîãåííûìè íàñëåäñòâåííûìè çàáîëåâàíèÿìè.

Îäíîé èç ïðèîðèòåòíûõ çàäà÷ ñòðàòåãè÷åñêîãî ðàçâè-òèÿ íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè Ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîäãîòîâ-êà âûñîêîêâàëèôèöèðîâàííûõ êàäðîâ ïîñðåäñòâîì î÷íîéàñïèðàíòóðû è ñîèñêàòåëüñòâà ïî 4 ñïåöèàëüíîñòÿì (îäíàáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ è òðè âåòåðèíàðíûõ), â òîì ÷èñëå â ðàìêàõäåéñòâóþùåãî äèññåðòàöèîííîãî ñîâåòà.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÃÍÊÈ"ÿâëÿåòñÿ êðóïíûì ó÷ðåæäåíèåì, îñóùåñòâëÿþùèì íàó÷-íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêóþ è íàó÷íî-ïðîèçâîäñòâåííóþ äåÿ-òåëüíîñòü äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ïîëèòèêè âîáëàñòè îáåñïå÷åíèÿ êà÷åñòâà ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿæèâîòíûõ è êîðìîâ, à òàêæå áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîäóêöèè æè-âîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ íà òåððèòîðèè ÐÔ. Áëàãîäàðÿ âûñî-êîïðîôåññèîíàëüíîìó êîëëåêòèâó è îñíàùåííîñòè ñîâðå-ìåííûì îáîðóäîâàíèåì, Ó÷ðåæäåíèå îïðåäåëÿåò âûñîêèåñòàíäàðòû è çàäàåò íàïðàâëåíèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ âåòåðèíàðíûõëàáîðàòîðèé ïî âñåé ñòðàíå, à òàêæå ðåøàåò êîìïëåêñ âîïðî-ñîâ, âîçíèêàþùèõ ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ áèîëîãè÷åñêîé, ýïèçîî-òè÷åñêîé è ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîé áåçîïàñíîñòè Ðîññèè.

Ëèòåðàòóðà/References1. Ïðîáëåìû ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè ê àíòèáèîòèêàì âîçáóäèòåëåé áîëåç-íåé, îáùèõ äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà è æèâîòíûõ / À.Í. Ïàíèí [è äð.] Âåòåðè-íàðèÿ è çîîòåõíèÿ: âåòåðèíàðèÿ. ¹5, 2017, Ñ. 181. Problems of resistance to antibiotics of pathogens common tohumans and animals / A. N. Panin [et al.] // Veterinary science andanimal science: veterinary science. -No. 5, 2017, p. 182. Reduction of veterinary antimicrobial use in the Netherlands. TheDutch success model / D.C. Speksnijder [et al.] // Zoonoses PublicHealth. 2015, Apr; 62 (Suppl 1): P. 79-87.3. The Rising Tide of Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Sources,Sinks and Solutions / Joy E.M. Watts [et al.] // Marine drugs, 2017, Vol.15(6). P. 158.4. The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance inzoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2016// EFSA and ECDC // EFSA Journal 2018; 16(2): 5182.5. The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System: NARMSIntegrated Report, 2015 / M.D. Laurel [et al.] // U.S. Department ofHealth and Human Services, FDA, 2017., P. 34.6. Àíòèáèîòèêî÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ëèñòåðèé, âûäåëåííûõ èç ïèùå-âûõ ïðîäóêòîâ / Ã.Ñ. Ñêèòîâè÷ [è äð.] // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ ñåãîäíÿ. 2017;(2): Ñ. 13-16.6. Antibiotic sensitivity of Listeria isolated from food products / G. S.Skitovich [et al.] / / veterinary medicine today. 2017; (2): P. 13-16.7. Ñòðàòåãèÿ ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ àíòèìèêðîáíîéðåçèñòåíòíîñòè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè íà ïåðèîä äî 2030 ãîäà.Óòâåðæäåíà ðàñïîðÿæåíèåì Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðà-öèè îò 25 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2017 ã. ¹ 2045-ð.7. Strategy for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance in theRussian Federation for the period up to 2030. Approved by order of theGovernment of the Russian Federation No. 2045-R of September 25,2017.8. Àðñåíþê À.Þ. Èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîöåññà L-òðàíñôîðìàöèè â ïîïó-ëÿöèè ñàëüìîíåëë ìåòîäàìè ýëåêòðîííîé è ëàçåðíîé èíòåðôå-ðåíöèîííîé ìèêðîñêîïèè / À.Þ. Àðñåíþê, È.Á. Ïàâëîâà, Ï.Ñ. Èãíà-òüåâ // Ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿ áèîëîãèÿ. - 2013. - ¹ 6. - ñ. 192-2018. Research of the L-transformation process in Salmonella populationsusing electron and laser interference microscopy / A. Yu. Arsenyuk, I.B. Pavlova, P. S. Ignatiev // Agricultural biology. - 2013. - No. 6. - P. 192-201


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-6ÓÄÊ: 63

Äîñòèæåíèÿ ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ â îáëàñòèâåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû èðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé

Êîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í., ê.á.í., ÂÐÈÎ äèðåêòîðà,[email protected]Ñêà÷êîâà Î.À., çàâåäóþùèé íàó÷íî-îðãàíèçàöèîííûìîòäåëîì, [email protected]Áðèãèäà À.Â., çàìåñòèòåëü äèðåêòîðà ïî ðàçâèòèþ èèííîâàöèÿì, âåäóùèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê,[email protected]Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîå íàó÷íîåó÷ðåæäåíèå "Öåíòð ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ýìáðèîëîãèè èðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé", 127422, Ìîñêâà, óë.Êîñòÿêîâà, äîì 12, ñòð. 4, e-mail: [email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: àíàïëàçìîç, òåéëåðèîç, ëåéêîçêðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, ÏÖÐ-äèàãíîñòèêà,ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå áèîòåõíîëîãèè

Ðåçþìå. Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîåíàó÷íîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå "Öåíòð ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ýìáðèî-ëîãèè è ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé" ïðîâîäèò íàó÷-íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå ðàáîòû â îáëàñòè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íûõ è âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê. Êîëëåêòèâ ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ îáëà-äàåò áîëüøèì íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèì îïûòîì â îáëàñòè ìî-ëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ, êëåòî÷íûõ, âåòåðèíàðíûõ è ðåï-ðîäóêòèâíûõ òåõíîëîãèé â æèâîòíîâîäñòâå. Ñîòðóäíèêà-ìè ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ ïðîâîäÿòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ â îáëàñòèâåòåðèíàðèè, â òîì ÷èñëå ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ íîâûå âûñîêî-÷óâñòâèòåëüíûå ìåòîäû âûÿâëåíèÿ ïàòîãåíîâ ñåëüñêîõî-çÿéñòâåííûõ âèäîì æèâîòíûõ íà îñíîâå ÄÍÊ-òåõíîëîãèé.Ðàçðàáîòàíû è çàïàòåíòîâàíû òåñò-ñèñòåìû äëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿÄÍÊ ðèêêåòñèé Anaplasma marginale è Anaplasmaphagocytophilum. Âåäåòñÿ ðàáîòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèÿ âîçáóäèòåëåé àíàïëàçìîçà, òåéëåðèîçà è ëåéêîçàêðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà â ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíàõ ðàéîíàõ Ðîñ-ñèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ñ ïîìîùüþ ÏÖÐ-äèàãíîñòèêè. Âïåð-âûå áûëè ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíå-òè÷åñêîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè è òèïèðîâàíèþ ðîññèéñêèõ èçî-ëÿòîâ A. marginale è âûÿâëåíû íîâûå ãåíîòèïû. Ðàçðàáîòà-íà è çàïàòåíòîâàíà ìóëüòèïëåêñíàÿ òåñò-ñèñòåìà ïî âûÿâ-ëåíèþ ïðîâèðóñíîé ÄÍÊ âèðóñà áû÷üåãî ëåéêîçà íà îñíî-âå ÏÖÐ â ðåæèìå ðåàëüíîãî âðåìåíè, à òàêæå ðàçðàáîòàíìåòîä îöåíêè èíôåêöèîííîé îïàñíîñòè æèâîòíûõ, çàðà-

Êîâàëü÷óê, Ñ.Í. Äîñòèæåíèÿ ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ â îáëàñòè âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû è ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé /Ñ.Í. Êîâàëü÷óê, Î.À. Ñêà÷êîâà, À.Â. Áðèãèäà // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. — 2020. — ¹2 — Ñ.25-28.Kovalchuk, S.N. Achievements of the FSBI CEERB in Veterinary Medicine and Reproductive Biotechnology/ S.N.Kovalchuk, O.A. Skachkova, A.V. Brigida // Veterinaria i kormlenie. – 2020. — ¹2 — P.25-28.


Achievements of the FSBI CEERB inVeterinary Medicine and ReproductiveBiotechnology

Kovalchuk S.N., Skachkova O.A., Brigida A.V.FSBI Center of experimental embryology and reproductivebiotechnologies, 127422, Moscow, Russian Federation, òåë.:84956102131; e-mail: [email protected]

Key words: ñëîâà: anaplasmosis, theileriosis, bovineleukosis, PCR-diagnostics, reproductive biotechnology

Abstract. The Federal State Budget Scientific Institution"Center of Experimental Embryology and ReproductiveBiotechnologies" (FSBSI CEERB) conducts research in thefield of agricultural and veterinary sciences. FSBSI CEERBresearchers have extensive scientific and practical experience inmolecular genetics, cellular, veterinary and reproductivetechnologies in animal husbandry. Scientists develop new highlysensitive methods for identifying pathogens of agriculturalanimals based on DNA technologies. Test systems for detectingrickettsia Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasmaphagocytophilum have been developed and patented. Study ofdistribution of bovine anaplasmosis, teileriosis and leukosis indifferent regions of the Russian Federation using PCR diagnosticswas conducted. For the first time, studies on the moleculargenetic identification and typing of Russian isolates of A.marginale were conducted and new genotypes of A. marginalewere identified. A multiplex test system for detecting proviralDNA of bovine leukemia virus based on real-time PCR wasdeveloped and patented. The method for assessing the infectiousdanger of animals infected with bovine leukemia virus wasdeveloped on the basis of detection of the viral transcriptionalactivity and the assessment of leukocytes number in infectedanimals. This method can be used at the first step of eliminationof infected animals from the herds.

At FSBSI CEERB an integrated approach for acceleratedreproduction of cattle as well as of original methods andhardware were developed for using in bovine embryo transfertechnology. A method for predicting an ovarian response toexogenous gonadotropins stimulation was developed foridentifying cows with high embryo productivity.

Scientific developments of FSBSI CEERB have worldnovelty, confirmed by the invention and utility model patentsthat are suitable for practical use, and have been tested on thebasis of livestock farms.

Êîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í.Kovalchuk S.N.


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æåííûõ âèðóñîì ëåéêîçà ÊÐÑ, íà îñíîâå îáíàðóæåíèÿòðàíñêðèïöèîííîé àêòèâíîñòè âèðóñà è îöåíêè êîëè÷åñòâàëåéêîöèòîâ ó èíôèöèðîâàííûõ æèâîòíûõ, êîòîðûé ìîæåòáûòü èñïîëüçîâàí äëÿ âûáðàêîâêè æèâîòíûõ ïðè ïðîâåäå-íèè ïåðâîî÷åðåäíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî îçäîðîâëåíèþ ñòàäêðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà îò ëåéêîçà. Â ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁðàçðàáîòàí êîìïëåêñíûé ïîäõîä ê óñêîðåííîìó âîñïðîèç-âîäñòâó êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, ðàçðàáîòàíû îðèãèíàëü-íûå ìåòîäû è àïïàðàòíûå ñðåäñòâà, êàñàþùèåñÿ òåõíîëî-ãèè òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèîíîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà.Íàó÷íûìè ñîòðóäíèêàìè îòäåëà ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé òðàíñ-ïëàíòîëîãèè ðàçðàáîòàí ìåòîä ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ ïîëèîâó-ëÿòîðíîãî îòâåòà ÿè÷íèêîâ êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ íà ýêçîãåííûåãîíàäîòðîïèíû ñ öåëüþ îòáîðà êîðîâ ñ âûñîêîé ýìáðèîï-ðîäóêòèâíîñòüþ. Íàó÷íûå ðàçðàáîòêè ÔÃÁÍÓ "Öåíòð ýê-ñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ýìáðèîëîãèè è ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõ-íîëîãèé" îòíîñÿòñÿ ê çíà÷èìûì ðåçóëüòàòàì è îáëàäàþòìèðîâîé íîâèçíîé, ïîäòâåðæäåííîé ïîëó÷åííûìè ïàòåí-òàìè ÐÔ íà èçîáðåòåíèÿ è ïîëåçíûå ìîäåëè, ïðèãîäíû êïðàêòè÷åñêîìó ïðèìåíåíèþ è ïðîøëè àïðîáàöèþ íà áàçåíàó÷íî-ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ öåíòðîâ è æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõõîçÿéñòâ.

Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîå íàó÷íîå ó÷-ðåæäåíèå "Öåíòð ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ýìáðèîëîãèè è ðåï-ðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé" (ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ), ñîçäàí-íîå 30 íîÿáðÿ 2011, ïðîâîäèò íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèåðàáîòû â îáëàñòè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ è âåòåðèíàðíûõíàóê. Íàó÷íûé êîëëåêòèâ ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ â ñîñòàâå 22÷åëîâåê, âêëþ÷àÿ àêàäåìèêà ÐÀÍ, ÷åòûðåõ äîêòîðîâ èøåñòè êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê, îáëàäàåò áîëüøèì íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè-÷åñêèì îïûòîì â îáëàñòè ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ, êëå-òî÷íûõ, âåòåðèíàðíûõ è ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ òåõíîëîãèé âæèâîòíîâîäñòâå. Â ó÷ðåæäåíèè èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäÿòñÿïî äâóì íàïðàâëåíèÿì - ðàçðàáîòêà òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ è ïðàê-òè÷åñêèõ îñíîâ èíòåíñèôèêàöèè ñåëåêöèîííîãî ïðîöåññàâ æèâîòíîâîäñòâå ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè-÷åñêèõ ïîäõîäîâ è ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé; ðàçðà-áîòêà òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ è ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ îñíîâ ñîçäàíèÿ áèî-ïðåïàðàòîâ è äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ òåñò-ñèñòåì íîâîãî ïîêîëå-íèÿ äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû. Ñîòðóäíè-êàìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ îïóáëèêîâàíî áîëåå 350 íàó÷íûõ ðàáîò âæóðíàëàõ è ìàòåðèàëàõ êîíôåðåíöèé, â òîì ÷èñëå âêëþ-÷åííûõ â áàçó äàííûõ Scopus è Web of Science, çàïàòåíòî-âàíî áîëåå 20 íàèáîëåå çíà÷èìûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ íàó÷íîéäåÿòåëüíîñòè (ÐÈÄ), êîòîðûå àïðîáèðîâàíû â õîçÿéñòâàõÌîñêîâñêîé, Áðÿíñêîé, Îðåíáóðãñêîé, Êðàñíîÿðñêîé, Êè-ðîâñêîé è äðóãèõ îáëàñòåé Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, è äîâå-äåíû äî ñòàäèè ãîòîâíîñòè ê ïðàêòè÷åñêîìó ïðèìåíåíèþ.

Ðàçðàáîòêè ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ â îáëàñòè âåòåðèíàðèèáûëè óäîñòîåíû 5-þ çîëîòûìè, 2-ìÿ ñåðåáðÿíûìè è îäíîéáðîíçîâîé ìåäàëÿìè, à òàêæå äèïëîìàìè Ìèíèñòåðñòâàñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè íà Ðîññèéñêîéàãðîïðîìûøëåííîé âûñòàâêå "Çîëîòàÿ îñåíü" (2015-2019ãã.) "Çà ðàçðàáîòêó èííîâàöèîííîãî ìåòîäà èíäóöèðîâà-íèÿ ñóïåðîâóëÿöèè ó êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ", "Çà ðàçðàáîòêó ñî-âðåìåííûõ ïîäõîäîâ ê èíòåíñèôèêàöèè æèâîòíîâîäñòâà èáîðüáå ñ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì ìîíîïîðîäíîñòè, ìåòîäîâ ñåê-âåíèðîâàíèÿ è àíàëèçà ãåíîìîâ", "Çà ðàçðàáîòêó ñïîñîáàïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ ñðåäû äëÿ êóëüòèâèðîâàíèÿ ýìáðèîíîâ ÊÐÑ,ïîçâîëÿþùåãî óïðîñòèòü è ñòàíäàðòèçèðîâàòü ïðèãîòîâ-ëåíèå ðàáî÷åãî ðàñòâîðà äëÿ ñåðèè ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ"; "Çàðàçðàáîòêó âûñîêî÷óâñòâèòåëüíûõ äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ òåñò-ñèñòåì äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â âåòåðèíàðèè"; çà ðàçðàáîòêó"Ñïîñîá âûÿâëåíèÿ âèðóñà ëåéêîçà ÊÐÑ ïî íóêëåîòèäíûìïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòÿì êîíñåðâàòèâíûõ îáëàñòåé âèðóñíîãîãåíîìà"; "Çà ðàçðàáîòêó óñòðîéñòâà äëÿ íåõèðóðãè÷åñêîãîèçâëå÷åíèÿ ýìáðèîíîâ ó æèâîòíûõ", çà ðàçðàáîòêó "Ñïî-ñîá ïðîâåäåíèÿ ÏÖÐ ñ àëëåëü-ñïåöèôè÷íûìè çîíäàìè äëÿãåíîòèïèðîâàíèÿ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà ïî àëëåëÿì À è Ê

ãåíà DGAT1" è "Ñïîñîá îòáîðà êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ ýìáðèîíîâ âïðîöåññå ïðîâåäåíèÿ òåõíîëîãèè òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèî-íîâ". ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ óäîñòîèëñÿ ãðàí-ïðè â êîíêóðñàõ "Ëó÷-øàÿ íàó÷íàÿ ðàçðàáîòêà ÀãðîÔàðì" (2016-2020 ãã.) çà ñëåäó-þùèå ðàçðàáîòêè "Óñòðîéñòâî äëÿ àïïëèêàöèè ýìáðèîíîâ","Cïîñîá è óñòðîéñòâî äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ âîñïàëèòåëüíûõ çàáîëå-âàíèé ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ îðãàíîâ ó ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõæèâîòíûõ", "Ñïîñîá ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ îòâåòíîé ðåàêöèèÿè÷íèêîâ êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ ýìáðèîíîâ íà ñòèìóëÿöèþ ïîëè-îâóëÿöèè ýêçîãåííûìè ãîíàäîòðîïèíàìè".

Ñîòðóäíèêàìè îòäåëà ìîëåêóëÿðíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèéó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ïðîâîäÿòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ â îáëàñòè âåòåðèíà-ðèè, â òîì ÷èñëå áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû íîâûå âûñîêî÷óâñòâè-òåëüíûå ìåòîäû âûÿâëåíèÿ ïàòîãåíîâ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íûõ âèäîì æèâîòíûõ íà îñíîâå ÄÍÊ-òåõíîëîãèé, ïîçâîëÿ-þùèå íàïðÿìóþ îïðåäåëÿòü ïðèñóòñòâèå âîçáóäèòåëÿ èí-ôåêöèè â åäèíè÷íûõ êîëè÷åñòâàõ ïî õàðàêòåðíûì äëÿ íåãîó÷àñòêàì ãåíîìà, ÷òî íåâîçìîæíî ñóùåñòâóþùèìè èììó-íîëîãè÷åñêèìè, áàêòåðèîëîãè÷åñêèìè, ìèêðîñêîïè÷åñêè-ìè ìåòîäàìè èññëåäîâàíèé. Òàê, âïåðâûå â Ðîññèè áûëèðàçðàáîòàíû è çàïàòåíòîâàíû òåñò-ñèñòåìû (ïàòåíòû ÐÔíà èçîáðåòåíèå ¹¹25881026, 2595427, 2603254) äëÿ âû-ÿâëåíèÿ ðèêêåòñèè Anaplasma marginale - âîçáóäèòåëÿ àíàï-ëàçìîçà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, çàáîëåâàíèÿ, ïðèíîñÿùå-ãî çíà÷èòåëüíûé ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé óùåðá æèâîòíîâîä÷åñ-êèì õîçÿéñòâàì âñëåäñòâèå ïîòåðü ìîëî÷íîé è ìÿñíîéïðîäóêòèâíîñòè, íåäîïîëó÷åíèÿ ìîëîäíÿêà ïî ïðè÷èíåâûçûâàåìûõ èì àáîðòîâ è âûñîêîé ëåòàëüíîñòè [1], à òàêæåìåòîä îöåíêè óðîâíÿ ïàðàçèòåìèè ïðè àíàïëàçìîçå ÊÐÑ íàîñíîâå êîëè÷åñòâåííîé ÏÖÐ, êîòîðûé ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëü-çîâàí äëÿ ðàííåãî âûÿâëåíèÿ çàðàæåííûõ æèâîòíûõ ñ îï-ðåäåëåíèåì áàêòåðèàëüíîé íàãðóçêè â öåëÿõ ïðèíÿòèÿ ìåðäëÿ ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ àíàïëàçìîçà ÊÐÑ íàòåððèòîðèè ÐÔ, äëÿ îöåíêè ýôôåêòèâíîñòè âàêöèí ïðîòèâàíàïëàçìîçà ÊÐÑ è äëÿ ìîíèòîðèíãà ýôôåêòèâíîñòè àíòè-áèîòèêîòåðàïèè [2]. Ðàçðàáîòàííûå ìåòîäû íà îñíîâå ÏÖÐñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ôëóîðåñöåíòíî-ìå÷åíûõ çîíäîâ ÿâëÿ-þòñÿ ýôôåêòèâíîé àëüòåðíàòèâîé ñåðîëîãè÷åñêèì è ìèê-ðîñêîïè÷åñêèì ìåòîäàì äèàãíîñòèêè àíàïëàçìîçà ÊÐÑ,ïîçâîëÿþò âûÿâëÿòü åäèíè÷íûå êîïèè ÄÍÊ À. marginale âàíàëèçèðóåìîì îáðàçöå ÄÍÊ ÊÐÑ è íàäåæíî äèôôåðåíöè-ðîâàòü A. marginale îò äðóãèõ âèäîâ àíàïëàçì, íåïàòîãåí-íûõ äëÿ ÊÐÑ. Ðàçðàáîòàííûå òåñò-ñèñòåìû áûëè èñïîëüçî-âàíû äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ àíàïëàçìîçà êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà íà òåððèòîðèè Ìîñêîâñêîé, Êàëóæñêîé,Êèðîâñêîé îáëàñòåé è Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ. Áûëî âûÿâëå-íî, ÷òî êîëè÷åñòâî çàðàæåííûõ A. marginale æèâîòíûõíàõîäèëîñü â ïðåäåëàõ îò 8,3 äî 70,1 %, â çàâèñèìîñòè îòðåãèîíà (3]. Âïåðâûå â Ðîññèè áûëè ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâà-íèÿ ïî ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè è òèïè-ðîâàíèþ ðîññèéñêèõ èçîëÿòîâ A. marginale. Àíàëèç ãåíå-òè÷åñêîé âàðèàáåëüíîñòè ðîññèéñêèé èçîëÿòîâ A. marginaleíà îñíîâå ïîëèìîðôèçìà ãåíîâ msp4 è msp1a âûÿâèë îäèí-íàäöàòü íîâûõ ãåíîòèïîâ A. marginale. Áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî41% æèâîòíûõ áûëè èíôèöèðîâàíû A. marginale ñ ðàçíû-ìè ãåíîòèïàìè [4]. Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé ïî èçó÷åíèþðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ àíàïëàçìîçà íà òåððèòîðèè ÐÔ áûëè ïðåä-ñòàâëåíû â Àíàëèòè÷åñêîì âåñòíèêå ¹ 17 (674) "Î ñîñòî-ÿíèè ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé îáñòàíîâêè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèèè ïðåäïðèíèìàåìûõ ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòè-ÿõ ïî íåäîïóùåíèþ ìàññîâûõ çàáîëåâàíèé ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ", îïóáëèêîâàííîì íà âåá-ïîðòàëå Ñî-âåòà Ôåäåðàöèè Ôåäåðàëüíîãî ñîáðàíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäå-ðàöèè (http://www.council.gov.ru/activity/analytics/analytical_bulletins/81308/).

Ñîòðóäíèêàìè ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ ðàçðàáîòàí âèäîñïåöè-ôè÷íûé ìåòîä âûÿâëåíèÿ A. phagocytophilum (âîçáóäèòåëÿêëåùåâîé ëèõîðàäêè øèðîêîãî êðóãà æèâîòíûõ, âêëþ÷àÿêðóïíûé è ìåëêèé ðîãàòûé ñêîò, ëîøàäåé, ñîáàê, ãðûçóíîâ,à òàêæå ãðàíóëîöèòàðíîãî àíàïëàçìîçà ÷åëîâåêà) íà îñíî-


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âå ÏÖÐ â ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì êðàñèòåëÿSYBR Green I. ×óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ìåòîäà ñîñòàâëÿåò îò 100êîïèé ãåíà msp4 À. phagocytophilum â àíàëèçèðóåìîì îá-ðàçöå ÄÍÊ. Ìåòîä ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí äëÿ îáíàðóæå-íèÿ è êîëè÷åñòâåííîé îöåíêè A. phagocytophilum â îáðàç-öàõ êðîâè æèâîòíûõ è ÷åëîâåêà ñ öåëüþ ïîäòâåðæäåíèÿäèàãíîçà [5].

Âåäåòñÿ ðàáîòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ è ìîëå-êóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêîé õàðàêòåðèñòèêå ðîññèéñêèõ èçîëÿ-òîâ âîçáóäèòåëåé òåéëåðèîçà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Áûëèïîëó÷åíû äàííûå î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè òåéëåðèîçà íà òåððè-òîðèè Ìîñêîâñêîé îáëàñòè íà îñíîâå ñåêâåíèðîâàíèÿ âû-ñîêîâàðèàáåëüíîãî ó÷àñòêà ãåíà 18S ðÐÍÊ [6]. Óðîâåíüçàðàæåííîñòè çíà÷èòåëüíî ðàçíèëñÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñåçî-íà è ñîñòàâëÿë 19% â íà÷àëå âåñíû è 43% ëåòîì, âî âðåìÿíàèáîëüøåé àêòèâíîñòè êëåùåé, ÷òî ïîäòâåðæäàåò ñåçîí-íóþ çàâèñèìîñòü èíôåêöèè, âûçûâàåìîé Theileria spp. óÊÐÑ. Ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå ñëåäóåò ó÷èòûâàòü ïðè ðàçðàáî-êå ýôôåêòèâíûõ ñòðàòåãèé êîíòðîëÿ òåéëåðèîçà ÊÐÑ íàòåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè.

Ñîòðóäíèêàìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ áûëà ñîçäàíà òåñò-ñèñòåìàäëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿ ëåéêîçà ÊÐÑ ìåòîäîì ÏÖÐ â ðåàëüíîìâðåìåíè (ïàòåíò ÐÔ íà èçîáðåòåíèå ¹2521330 "Ñïîñîáâûÿâëåíèÿ âèðóñà ëåéêîçà ÊÐÑ ïî íóêëåîòèäíûì ïîñëåäî-âàòåëüíîñòÿì êîíñåðâàòèâíûõ îáëàñòåé âèðóñíîãî ãåíî-ìà). Òàêæå áûë ðàçðàáîòàí ìåòîä îöåíêè èíôåêöèîííîéîïàñíîñòè æèâîòíûõ, çàðàæåííûõ âèðóñîì ëåéêîçà ÊÐÑ,íà îñíîâå îáíàðóæåíèÿ òðàíñêðèïöèîííîé àêòèâíîñòè âè-ðóñà è îöåíêè êîëè÷åñòâà ëåéêîöèòîâ ó èíôèöèðîâàííûõæèâîòíûõ. Ïîâûøåíèå êîëè÷åñòâà ëåéêîöèòîâ (> 20õ109êë/ë) â ñî÷åòàíèè ñ íàêîïëåíèåì âèðóñíîé ÐÍÊ â îáðàçöàõêðîâè èíôèöèðîâàííûõ æèâîòíûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ èíäèêàòîðà-ìè èíôåêöèîííîé îïàñíîñòè æèâîòíûõ, çàðàæåííûõÂËÊÐÑ [7]. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå äàííîãî ìåòîäà ìîæåò ñëóæèòüíàäåæíûì ïîäõîäîì äëÿ âûáðàêîâêè æèâîòíûõ ïðè ïðîâå-äåíèè ïåðâîî÷åðåäíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî îçäîðîâëåíèþ ñòàäêðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà îò ëåéêîçà.

Íàó÷íûìè ñîòðóäíèêàìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ âåäåòñÿ ðàáîòàïî èçó÷åíèþ ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé ðîñ-ñèéñêèõ èçîëÿòîâ âèðóñà áû÷üåãî ëåéêîçà. Áûëè ïîëó÷åíûäàííûå î ïîëèìîðôèçìå ãåíîâ pre-miR-B âèðóñà áû÷üåãîëåéêîçà è ñâÿçè èõ àëëåëüíûõ âàðèàíòîâ ñ ëåéêîöèòîçîì óèíôèöèðîâàííûõ æèâîòíûõ [8]. Èçó÷åíèå ãåíåòè÷åñêîéâàðèàáåëüíîñòè ãåíà tax ïîçâîëèëî îáíàðóæèòü âîñåìüíîâûõ âàðèàíòîâ áåëêà Tax, ÷åòûðå èç êîòîðûõ ìîãóò áûòüàññîöèèðîâàíû ñ àëåéêåìè÷åñêîé ôîðìîé èíôåêöèè [9].Áûë ïðîâåäåí ñðàâíèòåëüíûé àíàëèç ýêñïðåññèåé ãåíîâ,êîäèðóþùèõ ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî ðåöåïòîð ÂËÊÐÑ (ãåí blvr),áåëîê àíòèâèðóñíîé çàùèòû èíòåðôåðîí àëüôà (IFNA) èýôôåêòîðíûé áåëîê âðîæäåííîãî èììóíèòåòà NK-ëèçèí óèíôèöèðîâàííûõ è íåèíôèöèðîâàííûõ æèâîòíûõ è ïîêà-çàíî, ÷òî âíå çàâèñèìîñòè îò âûðàæåííîñòè ëåéêîöèòîçà óèíôèöèðîâàííûõ ÂËÊÐÑ æèâîòíûõ îáíàðóæèâàåòñÿ ñíè-æåíèå ýêñïðåññèè ãåíîâ ñåìåéñòâà nk-lysin, óâåëè÷åíèåýêñïðåññèè ãåíà blvr (àññîöèèðîâàííîãî ñ óâåëè÷åíèåìêîíöåíòðàöèè þíûõ ôîðì Â-ëèìôîöèòîâ), à òàêæå ñíèæå-íèå ýêñïðåññèè ãåíîâ èíòåðôåðîíà àëüôà (ifna) ó êîðîâ ñâûðàæåííûì ëåéêîöèòîçîì. Äàííûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ìî-ãóò ñëóæèòü èíäèêàòîðàìè ïîíèæåíèÿ ðåòðîâèðóñíîé çà-ùèòû êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà îò âèðóñà ëåéêîçà [10].

Èííîâàöèîííûå íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèå ðàçðàáîòêè àê-òèâíî ïîïóëÿðèçèðóþòñÿ ñîòðóäíèêàìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ â íà-ó÷íûõ ñòàòüÿõ, â ìàòåðèàëàõ ñåìèíàðîâ è êîíôåðåíöèé, íàâûñòàâêàõ, â íàó÷íûõ êîíêóðñàõ è äðóãèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèÿõ.Îá èíòåðåñå ê ðàçðàáîòêàì ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ â îáëàñòè ðåï-ðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò ìíîãî÷èñ-ëåííûå ïðèãëàøåíèÿ ê ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâó, ïîëó÷åííûå íàó÷-íûìè ñîòðóäíèêàìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ îò ðóêîâîäèòåëåé æèâîò-íîâîä÷åñêèõ õîçÿéñòâ ðàçëè÷íûõ ðåãèîíîâ ÐîññèéñêîéÔåäåðàöèè.

Òàê, â èþíå 2019 ãîäà çàìåñòèòåëü äèðåêòîðà ïî ðàçâè-òèþ è èííîâàöèÿì ÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ âûñòóïèë ñ äîêëàäîì íàâûåçäíîì ñîâåùàíèè àäìèíèñòðàöèè Ìãëèíñêîãî ðàéîíàÁðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè, ñîñòîÿâøåìñÿ â ñåëå Ëóãîâåö íà áàçåÎÎÎ "ÑÏ "Íèêîëàåâñêîå" ñ ó÷àñòèåì ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ôåð-ìåðñêèõ õîçÿéñòâ, â õîäå êîòîðîãî ïðåäñòàâèë äîñòèæåíèÿÔÃÁÍÓ ÖÝÝÐÁ, íàïðàâëåííûå íà óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèåáèîòåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ óñêîðåííîãî âîñïðîèçâîä-ñòâà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, â òîì ÷èñëå òåõíîëîãèþòðàíñïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèîíîâ [11-14], ðàññêàçàë îá èííîâà-öèîííûõ ðàçðàáîòêàõ è ïåðñïåêòèâàõ èõ âíåäðåíèÿ â ïðî-èçâîäñòâåííûé öèêë æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõ õîçÿéñòâ [15, 16].Áûëè ïðîâåäåíû âûåçäíûå íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèå êîíñóëü-òèðîâàíèÿ â õîçÿéñòâå ÎÎÎ "ÑÏ "Íèêîëàåâñêîå" ïî ðàçðà-áîòêå è âûáîðó ñòðàòåãèè ïðèìåíåíèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõòåõíîëîãèé â äàííîì æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêîì õîçÿéñòâå, ïî âíå-äðåíèþ òåõíîëîãèè òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèîíîâ êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà ìåòîäîì in vivo, ïî ñîçäàíèþ ñòàöèîíàðíîéëàáîðàòîðèè ïî òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèîíîâ. Ïðè êîíñóëü-òàöèîííî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ïîääåðæêå íàó÷íîãî ñîòðóäíèêàÖåíòðà â óêàçàííîì õîçÿéñòâå áûëà ñîçäàíà ëàáîðàòîðèÿ,ñíàáæåííàÿ ñîâðåìåííûì îáîðóäîâàíèåì äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ,îöåíêè è êóëüòèâèðîâàíèÿ ýìáðèîíîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãîñêîòà, à òàêæå ïîìåùåíèåì äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ âñåõ ìàíèïóëÿ-öèé ïî ïîëó÷åíèþ è ïåðåñàäêå ýìáðèîíîâ. Òàêæå ïðèíåïîñðåäñòâåííîì ó÷àñòèè íàó÷íîãî ñîòðóäíèêà îòäåëàýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé òðàíñïëàíòîëîãèè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ â äàí-íîì õîçÿéñòâå áûë ïðîâåäåí íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ñåìè-íàð ïî èñïîëüçîâàíèþ àâòîðñêîãî ñïîñîáà îòáîðà êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ ýìáðèîíîâ â ïðîöåññå ïðîâåäåíèÿ òåõíîëîãèèòðàíñïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèîíîâ ìåòîäîì in vivo (ïàòåíò ÐÔ íàèçîáðåòåíèå ¹2699519), àíàëîãîâ ê êîòîðîìó â ìèðå íåèìååòñÿ. Óíèêàëüíîñòü íàó÷íîé ðàçðàáîòêè ñîñòîèò â òîì,÷òî îíà âïåðâûå ïîçâîëèëà áûñòðî è ñ áîëüøîé äîëåéâåðîÿòíîñòè ïðîãíîçèðîâàòü ýìáðèîïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ó êî-ðîâ-äîíîðîâ è îòáèðàòü äëÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ñòèìóëÿöèèïîëèîâóëÿöèè òîëüêî òåõ êîðîâ, êîòîðûå ñïîñîáíû ïðîèç-âîäèòü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî êà÷åñòâåííûõ ýìáðèîíîâ çàîäíó ñåññèþ ïîëèîâóëÿöèè. Ïðàêòè÷åñêèì ðåçóëüòàòîìâíåäðåíèÿ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ðàçðàáîòîê ó÷ðåæ-äåíèÿ â äåÿòåëüíîñòü ôåðìåðñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà ÎÎÎ "ÑÏÍèêîëàåâñêîå" ÿâèëàñü ïåðåñàäêà 153-õ ýìáðèîíîâ, ïîëó-÷åííûõ îò âûñîêîïðîäóêòèâíûõ êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ ïîðîäûãåðåôîðä ìàëîöåííûì òåëêàì-ðåöèïèåíòàì ïîìåñíûõ ïî-ðîä äëÿ âûíàøèâàíèÿ ïëîäà. Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü â õîçÿé-ñòâå áûëî ïîëó÷åíî áîëåå 60 òåëÿò-òðàíñïëàíòàíòîâ, èïîðÿäêà 30 íåòåëåé íàõîäÿòñÿ íà ñòàäèè ãëóáîêîé ñòåëüíî-ñòè. Åù¸ 150 ýìáðèîíîâ áûëè êðèîêîíñåðâèðîâàíû ñ öå-ëüþ ïîñëåäóþùåé ïåðåñàäêè ðåöèïèåíòàì âî âðåìÿ íà-ñòóïëåíèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîãî ïåðèîäà â òå÷åíèå 2020-ãîãîäà.

Òàêæå íàó÷íûì ñîòðóäíèêîì îòäåëà ýêñïåðèìåíòàëü-íîé òðàíñïëàíòîëîãèè áûëî ïðîâåäåíî íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñ-êîå êîíñóëüòèðîâàíèå ñîòðóäíèêîâ ÎÎÎ "Ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííîå ïðåäïðèÿòèå "Åëãàíü" (Êèðîâñêàÿ îáë.) ïî ïðè-ìåíåíèþ òåõíîëîãèè òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ó êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãîñêîòà, â òîì ÷èñëå, ïî èñïîëüçîâàíèþ âûøåóêàçàííîãîàâòîðñêîãî ñïîñîáà îòáîðà êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ ýìáðèîíîâ âïðîöåññå ïðîâåäåíèÿ òåõíîëîãèè òðàíñïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèî-íîâ ìåòîäîì in vivo. Ïðàêòè÷åñêèì ðåçóëüòàòîì ïðè ïðè-ìåíåíèè íàó÷íûõ ðàçðàáîòîê ÿâèëîñü ñîçäàíèå â äàííîìõîçÿéñòâå ñîáñòâåííîãî áàíêà êðèîêîíñåðâèðîâàííûõ ýì-áðèîíîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà.

Òàêæå çàìäèðåêòîðà ïî ðàçâèòèþ è èííîâàöèÿì ÔÃÁÍÓÖÝÝÐÁ âûñòóïèë â êà÷åñòâå ïðèãëàøåííîãî ëåêòîðà íàñåìèíàðå ïî îáó÷åíèþ ðóêîâîäèòåëåé è ñïåöèàëèñòîâ çîî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ ñëóæá ðàéîíîâ, íà÷àëüíèêîâ êîìïëåêñîâ, çà-âåäóþùèõ ÌÒÔ Áåëãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, êîòîðûé áûë ïðî-âåäåí íà áàçå èíñòèòóòà ïåðåïîäãîòîâêè è ïîâûøåíèÿ êâà-ëèôèêàöèè êàäðîâ àãðîáèçíåñà ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ "Áåëãîðîäñêèé


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ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé àãðàðíûé óíèâåðñèòåò èìåíè Â. ß. Ãîðè-íà" ïî ïðîãðàììå "Ñîâðåìåííûå èííîâàöèîííûå òåõíîëî-ãèè, ïðèìåíÿåìûå â ìîëî÷íîì æèâîòíîâîäñòâå. Îñíîâíûåôàêòîðû óâåëè÷åíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ìîëîêà" ïî ìîäóëþ"Âîñïðîèçâîäñòâî".

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íàó÷íûå ðàçðàáîòêè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ïðåä-ñòàâëÿþò ïðàêòè÷åñêèé èíòåðåñ äëÿ æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõõîçÿéñòâ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè è ñïîñîáñòâóþò ðåøåíèþàêòóàëüíûõ ïðîáëåì â îáëàñòè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ èâåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê.

Ðàáîòà âûïîëíåíà â ðàìêàõ ãîñçàäàíèÿ 075-01250-20-01

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Kovalchuk SN, Babii AV, Arkhipova AL. Real-time PCR assay with anendogenous internal amplification control for detection and quantificationof Anaplasma marginale in bovine blood. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020Mar;11(2):101334. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101334. Epub 2019 Nov18.2. Êîâàëü÷óê, Ñ.Í. Îöåíêà óðîâíÿ ïàðàçèòåìèè ìåòîäîì ÏÖÐ âðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè ïðè àíàïëàçìîçå êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà / Ñ.Í.Êîâàëü÷óê, À.Â. Áàáèé, À.Ë. Àðõèïîâà, À.Â. Àðõèïîâ, Ã.Þ. Êîñîâñ-êèé // Ïðîáëåìû áèîëîãèè ïðîäóêòèâíûõ æèâîòíûõ. -2016. -¹3.- Ñ.98-105.3. Àðõèïîâà À.Ë., Òàãìàçÿí À.À., Áðèãèäà À.Â., Êóðååâ Í.À., Êîâàëü-÷óê Ñ.Í. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå àíàïëàçìîçà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà íàòåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè// // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå//¹2-2019 ñ. 23-254. Fedorina E.A., Arkhipova A.L., Kosovskiy G.Y., Kovalchuk S.N.Molecular survey and genetic characterization of Anaplasma marginaleisolates in cattle from two regions of Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2019Feb;10(2):251-257. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.10.011. Epub 2018 Oct26.5. Àðõèïîâà À.Ë., Êîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í. Ðàçðàáîòêà ìåòîäà âûÿâëåíèÿAnaplasma phagocytophilum íà îñíîâå ÏÖÐ â ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíèÂåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå 2018 ñ. 55-57.6. Sergey Bursakov, Svetlana Kovalchuk. Tick-borne diseases co-infection in cattle of the central region of Russia // / Ticks and Tick-borneDiseases Volume 10, Issue 3, April 2019, Pages 709-7137. Êîñîâñêèé Ã.Þ., Ãëàçêî Â.È., Àíäðåé÷åíêî È.À., Êîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í.,Ãëàçêî Ò.Ò. Èíôåêöèîííàÿ îïàñíîñòü íîñèòåëåé ïðîâèðóñà âèðóñàáû÷üåãî ëåéêîçà è åå îöåíêà â ñâÿçè ñ ëåéêîöèòîçîì // Ñ.-õ. áèîë.,2016. ¹4. Ñ. 475-481.8. Zyrianova IM, Koval'chuk SN. Bovine leukemia virus pre-miRNAgenes' polymorphism. RNA Biol. 2018;15(12):1440-1447. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1555406.9. Zyrianova IM, Kovalchuk SN. Bovine leukemia virus Tax polymorphismand its relation to Enzootic Bovine Leukosis. Virulence. 2020Dec;11(1):80-87. doi:10.1080/21505594.2019.1708051.10. Êîñîâñêèé Ã.Þ., Ãëàçêî Â.È., Êîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í., Àðõèïîâà À.Ë.Ã-ëàçêî Ò.Ò. Ýêñïðåññèÿ ãåíîâ NK-lysin, blvr, ifn-a è êëåòî÷íûå ïîïó-ëÿöèè ïåðèôåðè÷åñêîé êðîâè ïðè èíôèöèðîâàíèè êîðîâ âèðóñîìáû÷üåãî ëåéêîçà. Ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿ áèîëîãèÿ 2017, òîì52, ¹4, ñ.. 785-79411. Êîâàëü÷óê, Ñ.Í. Óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå òåõíîëîãèè òðàíñïëàíòà-öèè ýìáðèîíîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà â ÔÃÁÍÓ "Öåíòð ýêñïåðè-ìåíòàëüíîé ýìáðèîëîãèè è ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé"/Ñ.Í.Êîâàëü÷óê, Î.À. Ñêà÷êîâà, À.Â. Áðèãèäà // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëå-

íèå: Ì., 2018. - ¹ 2 - Ñ. 51-54. DOI: 10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2018-2-1312. Ìàêàðîâ, À.Â. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïåðåñàäêè ýìáðèîíîâ ó òåëîê-ðåöåïèåíòîâ ñ âûñîêèì àäàïòèâíûì ïîòåíöèàëîì // Ìàêàðîâ À.Â.,Áðèãèäà À.Â., Ñîðîêèí Â.È., Ñêà÷êîâà Î.À., Êîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í. //Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå ¹4, 2018, ñòð. 25-27.13. Brigida A.V., Skachkova O.A., Bykova O.A., Sorokin V.I Comparativeevaluation of the efficiency of poliovulation induction in donor cowsusing "FSH-SUPER" drug with various injection schemes // Èçäàòåëü-ñòâî Atlantis Press Èþíü 2019.14. Ñêà÷êîâà, Î.À. Ôàêòîðû, âëèÿþùèå íà ïðèæèâëÿåìîñòü ýìáðè-îíîâ ó êîðîâ-ðåöèïèåíòîâ (ÎÁÇÎÐ)// Ñêà÷êîâà Î.À. Âåòåðèíàðèÿ èêîðìëåíèå//¹6-2019.15. Áðèãèäà, À.Â. Ðåçóëüòàòèâíîñòü èçâëå÷åíèÿ ýìáðèîíîâ ó êî-ðîâ-äîíîðîâ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïðèìåíÿåìûõ ìîäèôèêàöèé òðåõêà-íàëüíûõ êàòåòåðîâ // Áðèãèäà À.Â.// Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå ¹52018 ñòð. 14-1616. Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå ýìáðèîïðîäóêòèâíîñòè êîðîâ-äîíîðîâ íàîñíîâàíèè ýõîãðàôè÷åñêîé õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ÿè÷íèêîâ // ÁðèãèäàÀ.Â., Ñîðîêèí Â.È., Êîâàëü÷óê Ñ.Í., Ïàíòþõ Ê.Ñ., Ðóêèí È.Â., ÐîæèíÊ.À. //Ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííàÿ áèîëîãèÿ, 2018, òîì 53, 4

References2. Kovalchuk, S.N. Ocenka urovnya parazitemii metodom PCR vreal'nom vremeni pri anaplazmoze krupnogo rogatogo skota / S.N.Kovalchuk, A.V. Babij, A.L. Arhipova, A.V. Arhipov, G.YU. Kosovskij // Problemy biologii produktivnyh zhivotnyh. – 2016. – ¹3. – S. 98-105.3. Arhipova, A.L. Rasprostranenie anaplazmoza krupnogo rogatogoskota na territorii Rossijskoj Federacii / A.L. Arhipova, A.A. Tagmazyan,A.V. Brigida, N.A. Kureev, S.N. Kovalchuk // Veterinariya i kormlenie,2018. – ¹2 – S. 23-25.5. Arhipova, A.L. Razrabotka metoda vyyavleniya Anaplasmaphagocytophilum na osnove PCR v real'nom vremeni / A.L. Arhipova,S.N. Kovalchuk // Veterinariya i kormlenie, 2018. – S. 55-57.7. Kosovskij, G.YU. Infekcionnaa opasnost' nositelej provirusa virusabych'ego lejkoza i ee ocenka v svyazi s lejkocitozom / G.YU. Kosovskij,V.I. Glazko, I.A. Andrejchenko, i dr. // S.-h. biol., 2016. – ¹4. – S. 475-481.10. Kosovskij, G.YU. Ekspressiya genov NK-lysin, blvr, ifn-a i kletochnyepopulyacii perifericheskoj krovi pri inficirovanii korov virusom bych'egolejkoza / G.YU. Kosovskij, V.I. Glazko, S.N. Kovalchuk, A.L. Arhipova,T.T. Glazko // Sel'skohozyajstvennaya biologiya, 2017. – ¹ 52 (4) – S.785-794.11. Kovalchuk, S.N. Usovershenstvovanie tekhnologii transplantaciiembrionov krupnogo rogatogo skota v FGBNU «Centr eksperimental'nojembriologii i reproduktivnyh biotekhnologij» /S.N. Kovalchuk, O.A.Skachkova, A.V. Brigida // Veterinariya i kormlenie, 2018. – ¹ 2 – S. 51-54. DOI: 10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2018-2-13.12. Makarov, A.V. Effektivnost' peresadki embrionov u telok-recepientovs vysokim adaptivnym potencialom // A.V. Makarov, A.V. Brigida, V.I.Sorokin, O.A. Skachkova, S.N. Kovalchuk // Veterinariya i kormlenie,2018. – ¹4, – S. 25-27.14. Skachkova, O.A. Faktory, vliyayushchie na prizhivlyaemost'embrionov u korov-recipientov (OBZOR) // O.A. Skachkova // Veterinariyai kormlenie, 2019. - ¹6. – S. 25-27.15. Brigida, A.V. Rezul'tativnost' izvlecheniya embrionov u korov-donorovv zavisimosti ot primenyaemyh modifikacij trekhkanal'nyh kateterov /A.V. Brigida // Veterinariya i kormlenie, 2018. – ¹5 – S. 14-16.16. Brigida, A.V. Prognozirovanie embrioproduktivnosti korov-donorovna osnovanii ekhograficheskoj harakteristiki yaichnikov / A.V. Brigida,V.I. Sorokin, S.N. Koval'chuk, K.S. Pantyuh, I.V. Rukin, K.A. Rozhin //Sel'skohozyajstvennaya biologiya, 2018. – T. 53. ¹4. – S. 753-761.

Çà ïÿòü ëåò êîëè÷åñòâî ñëó÷àåâ îñîáî îïàñíûõ çàáîëåâàíèé æèâîòíûõíà Äîíó ñíèçèëîñü íà 60%

Èòîãè ðàáîòû óïðàâëåíèÿ âåòåðèíàðèè Ðîñòîâñêîé îáëàñòè â 2019 ãîäó, çà ïðîøåäøèå ïÿòü ëåò, à òàêæå çàäà÷è íàïåðñïåêòèâó îáñóäèëè â äîíñêîì ïðàâèòåëüñòâå â ìèíóâøóþ ïÿòíèöó. Ñîâåùàíèå ïðîâåë ïåðâûé çàìåñòèòåëü ãóáåðíà-òîðà Âèêòîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.

Íà÷àëüíèê äîíñêîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ âåòåðèíàðèè Âëàäèìèð Æèëèí îòìåòèë, ÷òî ïî èòîãàì 2019 ãîäà â õîäå ðåàëèçàöèèïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïðîâåäåíî 142,5 ìèëëèîíà äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ èâûíóæäåííûõ ïðèâèâîê è ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ îáðàáîòîê:

Â îò÷åòíûé ïåðèîä íà Äîíó óäàëîñü ñîõðàíèòü ñòîéêîå áëàãîïîëó÷èå ïî ðÿäó èíôåêöèé, êîòîðûå ðåãóëÿðíîðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ íà òåððèòîðèè ñòðàíû, â òîì ÷èñëå è â ñîñåäíèõ ðåãèîíàõ. Ýòî ñèáèðñêàÿ ÿçâà, ÿùóð, çàðàçíûé óçåëêîâûéäåðìàòèò, îñïà îâåö, òóáåðêóëåç, áðóöåëëåç ìåëêîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, êëàññè÷åñêàÿ ÷óìà ñâèíåé, ÷óìà ìåëêèõ æâà÷íûõæèâîòíûõ è ðÿäà äðóãèõ çàðàçíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ.

Çíà÷èòåëüíîå ñíèæåíèå êîëè÷åñòâà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûõ ñëó÷àåâ âñåõ çàðàçíûõ è îñîáî îïàñíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõçà ïÿòü ëåò - ñ 48 äî 31 (35%). Ïðè ýòîì êîëè÷åñòâî òîëüêî îñîáî îïàñíûõ áîëåçíåé ñîêðàòèëîñü íà 62,5% - ñ 32 äî 12.

Ïðåññ-öåíòð Ðîñòîâñêîé îáëàñòíîé ñòàíöèèïî áîðüáå ñ áîëåçíÿìè æèâîòíûõ


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-7ÓÄÊ 619:636.2

Ïðåïàðàò ÁîâèÑòýì â ïðîôèëàêòèêåïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé êîðîâè èììóíîäåôèöèòîâ òåëÿò

Ëàâðèê À.À., ãåíåðàëüíûé äèðåêòîð ÎÎÎ "Íîâèñòåì",ã. Áåëãîðîä, e-mail: [email protected]Ìîñêàëåâ Â.Á., íà÷àëüíèê îòäåëà ðåãèñòðàöèèëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ ÎÎÎ "Íîâèñòåì", ã. Áåëãîðîä,e-mail: [email protected]Àëè Ñ.Ã., çàìåñòèòåëü ãåíåðàëüíîãî äèðåêòîðà ÎÎÎ"Íîâèñòåì", ã. Áåëãîðîä, e-mail: [email protected]Çàðåìáà À.Â., êàíä. âåòåðèíàðí. íàóê, âåäóùèéñïåöèàëèñò îòäåëà ðåãèñòðàöèè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâÎÎÎ "Íîâèñòåì", ã. Áåëãîðîä, e-mail: [email protected]Ýëüäàðîâ Õ.Ä., ãåíåðàëüíûé äèðåêòîð ÎÎÎ "Áåðêàò",ä. Àñòàïêîâè÷è, Ðîñëàâëüñêèé ð-í, Ñìîëåíñêàÿ îáë.,e-mail: [email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: êîíäèöèîííàÿ ñðåäà, ìåçåíõèìàëü-íûå ñòâîëîâûå êëåòêè, ïðåïàðàò ÁîâèÑòýì, ïðîôèëàêòèêàçàáîëåâàíèé êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, ïðîôèëàêòèêà áî-ëåçíåé ìîëîäíÿêà, àêóøåðñòâî è ãèíåêîëîãèÿ

Ðåçþìå. Â ìÿñîìîëî÷íîì æèâîòíîâîäñòâå âàæíî óñ-ïåøíîå âîñïðîèçâåäåíèå ïîãîëîâüÿ, äëÿ ÷åãî íåîáõîäèìîñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû ïðåäîòâðàòèòü ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå íàðóøå-íèÿ ó êîðîâ, à ñ äðóãîé – ïîâûñèòü ðåçèñòåíòíîñòü è ñíè-çèòü ñìåðòíîñòü ìîëîäíÿêà. Äëÿ ýòîãî ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ ðàç-ëè÷íûå ôèçèîòåðàïåâòè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû è ïðåïàðàòû, âêëþ-÷àÿ àíòèáèîòèêè, ÷òî ñíèæàåò êà÷åñòâî ïðîäóêöèè è ïðèâî-äèò ê íàðóøåíèþ ìèêðîôëîðû, ÷òî ìîæåò ñïðîâîöèðîâàòüðàçâèòèå èíôåêöèè. Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèå ìåðû, ïðèìåíÿå-ìûå ê ñòåëüíûì æèâîòíûì è ìîëîäíÿêó, ðàçíîíàïðàâëåíûè íå ïîçâîëÿþò êîìïëåêñíî ðåøèòü ïðîáëåìó. Â íàñòîÿùååâðåìÿ âñå àêòèâíåå ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ òêàíåâûå ïðåïàðàòû, îá-ëàäàþùèå çíà÷èòåëüíûì ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèì ïîòåíöèàëîì.Ïðåïàðàòû, èçãîòîâëåííûå íà îñíîâå ñòâîëîâûõ êëåòîê,îáëàäàþò áîëüøèì ñïåêòðîì äåéñòâèÿ è áåçîïàñíîñòüþ ïîñðàâíåíèþ ñ òêàíåâûìè ïðåïàðàòàìè.

Â èññëåäîâàíèè èçó÷åíà ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêàÿ ýôôåêòèâ-íîñòü ïðåïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ÁîâèÑòýì ñíè-æàåò âåðîÿòíîñòü âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíå-íèé ó êîðîâ (â 5 ðàç äëÿ îñòðîãî ãíîéíî-êàòàðàëüíîãîýíäîìåòðèòà), óñêîðÿåò âîññòàíîâëåíèå ïîëîâûõ îðãàíîâ èïîçâîëÿåò óñêîðèòü è îáåñïå÷èòü ïîëíîòó âîññòàíîâëåíèÿðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ôóíêöèè, ÷òî ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîâûøåíèåì


Ïðåïàðàò ÁîâèÑòýì â ïðîôèëàêòèêå ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé êîðîâ è èììóíîäåôèöèòîâ òåëÿò / Ëàâðèê À.À.[è äð.] // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. - 2020 - ¹ 2 - Ñ. 29-32.BoviStem drug in the prevention of post-parturient complication in cows and immunodeficiency in calves / Lavrik, A. À.[et al.] // Veterinaria i kormlenie. - 2020 - ¹ 2- P.29-32.

BoviStem drug in the preventionof post-parturient complicationin cows and immunodeficiencyin calvesLavrik A.À., NoviStem LLC, Belgorod, e-mail:[email protected] V.B., NoviStem LLC, Belgorod , e-mail:[email protected] S.G., NoviStem LLC, Belgorod, mail: [email protected] A.V., NoviStem LLC, Belgorod, e-mail:[email protected] Kh.D., Berkat LLC, Smolensk region, e-mail:[email protected]

Key words: conditioned medium, mesenchymal stem cells,BoviStem drug, cattle disease prevention, young cattle diseaseprevention, obstetrics & gynecology

Abstract. Successful livestock reproduction plays animportant role in meat-and-dairy cattle farming; for this, it isnecessary, on the one hand, to prevent reproductive disorders incows, and on the other hand, to increase resistance and reducemortality in young cattle. For that purpose, variousphysiotherapeutic methods and drugs are used, includingantibiotics, which reduces the production quality and leads to adisruption of microflora, which can provoke the developmentof the infection. The preventive measures, which are used forpregnant cows and young cattle are multidirectional and do notallow to make all-in-one solution of a problem. Currently,tissue-based me preparations with significant preventivepotential are being increasingly used. Stem cells-basedpreparations have a greater spectrum of action and safetycompared to tissue-based ones.

The study examined the prophylactic effectiveness of theBoviStem drug. It was shown that BoviStem reduces theprobability of post-parturient complication cows (five-fold foracute purulent-catarrhal endometritis), accelerates theregeneration of genital organs and allows them to accelerate andensure the fullness of reproductive function restoration, whichis manifested in increase fertility by 35% at earlier inseminationsand a reduction of the fertilization index by 2.8 times. Therefore,the administration of BoviStem allows not only to reduce therecovery period of the production cycle, to increase the fertilityof animals, but also to increase the number of production cycleswithout reducing productivity.

The administration of the BoviStem preparation beforecalving can statistically significantly reduce morbidity andmortality of young cattle in the first three months of life. Itcaused by an increase in immune status. So, on 3-5 days of life,calves of the experimental group showed a statistically significantincrease in protein and total immunoglobulins in blood serumby 12.5 and 14%, as well as a higher level of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood (by 11 and 30%, respectively).Presumably, BoviStem activates the humoral immunity moresignificantly than the cellular.

Ëàâðèê À.À.Lavrik, A.À.


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îïëîäîòâîðÿåìîñòè íà 35 % ïðè áîëåå ðàííèõ îñåìåíåíèÿõè ñíèæåíèåì èíäåêñà îïëîäîòâîðåíèÿ â 2,8 ðàç. Ñëåäîâà-òåëüíî, ïðèìåíåíèå ÁîâèÑòýì ïîçâîëÿåò íå òîëüêî ñîêðà-òèòü âîññòàíîâèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî öèêëà,ïîâûñèòü ïëîäîâèòîñòü æèâîòíûõ, íî è óâåëè÷èòü êîëè÷å-ñòâî ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ öèêëîâ áåç ñíèæåíèÿ ïðîäóêòèâ-íîñòè.

Ïðèìåíåíèå ïðåïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì ïåðåä îòåëîì ïîçâî-ëÿåò çíà÷èìî ñíèçèòü çàáîëåâàåìîñòü è ñìåðòíîñòü ìîëîä-íÿêà â ïåðâûå òðè ìåñÿöà æèçíè, ÷òî îáóñëîâëåíî ïîâûøå-íèåì èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà. Òàê, íà 3 – 5 ñóòêè æèçíè ó òåëÿòîïûòíîé ãðóïïû íàáëþäàëîñü çíà÷èìîå ïîâûøåíèå ñîäåð-æàíèÿ áåëêà è îáùèõ èììóíîãëîáóëèíîâ â ñûâîðîòêå êðî-âè íà 12,5 è 14 %, à òàêæå áîëåå âûñîêèé óðîâåíü Ò- è Â-ëèìôîöèòîâ â êðîâè (íà 11 è 30 % ñîîòâåòñòâåííî).Ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî, ÁîâèÑòýì â áîëüøåé ñòåïåíè àêòèâè-ðóåò ãóìîðàëüíîå çâåíî èììóíèòåòà, ÷åì êëåòî÷íîå.

Ââåäåíèå

Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïðîèçâîäñòâà ìîëîêà è ìÿñà âî ìíîãîìçàâèñèò îò ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ àêóøåðñêî-ãèíåêîëîãè÷åñêèõçàáîëåâàíèé ó êîðîâ, à òàêæå ñâÿçàíà ñ ïîâûøåíèåì óñòîé-÷èâîñòè ê çàáîëåâàíèÿì è ñíèæåíèþ ñìåðòíîñòè ó ìîëîä-íÿêà. Çàáîëåâàíèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû ñíèæàþò ïðî-äóêòèâíîñòü êîðîâ è óõóäøàþò êà÷åñòâî ïðîäóêöèè, ïðè-âîäÿò ê âûáûâàíèþ 26–32 % æèâîòíûõ èç ïðîèçâîäñòâåí-íîãî öèêëà. Ñìåðòíîñòü ìîëîäíÿêà äî ìåñÿ÷íîãî âîçðàñòàäîñòèãàåò 21%, ïðè ýòîì îñíîâíîé âêëàä â ðàííþþ ñìåðò-íîñòü âíîñÿò çàáîëåâàíèÿ, ñâÿçàííûå ñî ñíèæåííûì èì-ìóííûì ñòàòóñîì [4, 6].

Ìåõàíèçìû ðàçâèòèÿ ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé ó êî-ðîâ ìíîãîîáðàçíû è îáóñëîâëåíû îñîáåííîñòÿìè ãîðìî-íàëüíîãî, àíòèîêñèäàíòíîãî è èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà æèâîò-íîãî. Íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíî ñî÷åòàíèå òàêèõ ôàêòîðîâ,

êàê îñëàáëåíèå ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè, òðóäíûå çàòÿæíûå ðîäû,ðàçâèòèå âîñïàëåíèÿ ñ âîâëå÷åíèåì óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííîéìèêðîôëîðû. Ê îñíîâíûì çàáîëåâàíèÿì ðåïðîäóêòèâíîéñèñòåìû ó êîðîâ îòíîñÿò çàäåðæàíèå ïîñëåäà, ñóáèíâîëþ-öèþ ìàòêè, ýíäîìåòðèò, äèñôóíêöèþ ÿè÷íèêîâ [1, 3, 4].

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ àêòèâíî ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ ìåòîäûïðîôèëàêòèêè ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé ó êîðîâ. Ñ ýòîéöåëüþ ïðèìåíÿþò ôèçèî- è ôàðìàêîòåðàïèþ, íàïðàâëåí-íóþ íà ïîâûøåíèå ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè, âîññòàíîâëåíèå ñòðóê-òóðû è ôóíêöèîíàëüíîé àêòèâíîñòè òêàíåé, íîðìàëèçàöèþãîðìîíàëüíîãî ñòàòóñà, à òàêæå àíòèìèêðîáíûå ïðåïàðàòû[1, 2, 4]. Ïðèìåíåíèå â êà÷åñòâå àíòèìèêðîáíîãî êîìïî-íåíòà àíòèáèîòèêîâ ïðèâîäèò ê íàðóøåíèþ ìèêðîôëîðûïîëîâûõ ïóòåé è ðàçâèòèþ âîñïàëåíèÿ â äàëüíåéøåì [3].×àñòè÷íî ïðîáëåìû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì àíòèáèîòè-êîâ, ðåøàåò ïðèåì ïðîáèîòèêîâ [5]. Îäíàêî ïðèìåíåíèåàíòèáèîòèêîâ ïðåïÿòñòâóåò ïîëó÷åíèþ ïðîäóêöèè îò êî-ðîâ. Îäíèì èç íàèáîëåå ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé ïðî-ôèëàêòèêè àêóøåðñêî-ãèíåêîëîãè÷åñêèõ çàáîëåâàíèé óêîðîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðèìåíåíèå ïðåïàðàòîâ òêàíåâîãî ïðîèñ-õîæäåíèÿ [2, 3, 8].

Íàðÿäó ñ çàáîëåâàíèÿìè ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû êî-ðîâ, øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû èììóíîäåôèöèòíûå ñîñòîÿ-íèÿ ó ìîëîäíÿêà. Äëÿ ìîëîäíÿêà â âîçðàñòå äî òðåõ ìåñÿöåâõàðàêòåðíà ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü èììóííîéñèñòåìû. Âàæíàÿ ðîëü â ïðåäîòâðàùåíèè òàêîé íåäîñòà-òî÷íîñòè ïðèíàäëåæèò êîëîñòðàëüíîìó èììóíèòåòó, ñôîð-ìèðîâàííîìó çà ñ÷åò èììóíîãëîáóëèíîâ ìîëîêà ìàòåðè èñîõðàíÿþùåìñÿ â òå÷åíèå 36 ÷àñîâ ïîñëå ðîæäåíèÿ [6, 10].

Ïðîôèëàêòèêó èììóíîäåôèöèòíûõ ñîñòîÿíèé ó ìî-ëîäíÿêà îñóùåñòâëÿþò ðàçëè÷íûìè ñïîñîáàìè. Ðàçðàáîòà-íû ïðåïàðàòû íà îñíîâå ãóìèíîâûõ è ôóëüâîâûõ êèñëîò,êîòîðûå ñïîñîáíû àêòèâèçèðîâàòü èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêóþ


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ðåàêòèâíîñòü îðãàíèçìà çà ñ÷åò îáðàçîâàíèÿ õåëàòíûõ ñî-åäèíåíèé ñ ìèíåðàëàìè è ìèêðîýëåìåíòàìè è ôîðìèðîâà-íèÿ ñóáñòðàòîâ äëÿ çàñåëåíèÿ ìèêðîôëîðû. Ðàñïðîñòðàíÿ-åòñÿ ïðèìåíåíèå ïðîáèîòèêîâ, ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ ðàñòè-òåëüíûå èììóíîìîäóëÿòîðû è êîìïëåêñíûå âèòàìèííûåñðåäñòâà [7, 9].

Ââèäó èçëîæåííîãî, ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ àêòóàëüíîé ðàçðà-áîòêà åäèíîãî ïîäõîäà, êîìïëåêñíîé ñõåìû, ïîçâîëÿþùåéïðè ïîìîùè îäíîãî ñðåäñòâà èëè íàáîðà ñðåäñòâ ïðîôè-ëàêòèðîâàòü êàê ïîñëåðîäîâûå îñëîæíåíèÿ ó êîðîâ, òàê èèììóíîäåôèöèòíûå ñîñòîÿíèÿ ó ìîëîäíÿêà, îò íèõ ïîëó-÷åííîãî.

Ìàòåðèàëû è ìåòîäû

Ïðåïàðàò äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ÁîâèÑòýì(ÐÓ ¹ 77-3-22.19-4600¹ÏÂÐ-3-22.19/03527) ðàçðàáîòàííà îñíîâå áåëêîâî-ïåïòèäíîãî êîìïëåêñà, ïîëó÷åííîãî èç

êîíäèöèîííîé ñðåäû ïðè êóëüòèâèðîâàíèè ìåçåíõèìàëü-íûõ ñòâîëîâûõ êëåòîê êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. ÁîâèÑòýìäåéñòâóåò íà èììóíîêîìïåòåíòíûå êëåòêè, à òàêæå ñòèìó-ëèðóåò ðåãåíåðàöèþ òêàíåé çà ñ÷åò øèðîêîãî ñïåêòðà ïåï-òèäíûõ êîìïîíåíòîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ öèòîêèíû, ðîñòîâûå è òðàíñ-êðèïöèîííûå ôàêòîðû. Ïðè ïðèìåíåíèè ñòåëüíûì êîðî-âàì ñòèìóëèðóåò ñèíòåç èììóíîãëîáóëèíîâ â êðîâè è âìîëîçèâå, ÷òî ñòèìóëèðóåò êîëîñòðàëüíûé èììóíèòåò èïîâûøàåò óñòîé÷èâîñòü òåëÿò ê èíôåêöèÿì. Èììóíîìîäó-ëèðóþùàÿ, ïðîòèâîâîñïàëèòåëüíàÿ è ðåãåíåðàòèâíàÿ àê-òèâíîñòè ïðåïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì îáåñïå÷èâàþò ïîääåðæàíèåíîðìàëüíîãî ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ âî âðåìÿ îòåëà,áûñòðîå çàæèâëåíèå ìèêðîïîâðåæäåíèé, îáðàçóþùèõñÿïðè ðîäàõ, ïðåïÿòñòâóþò ðàçâèòèþ èíôåêöèîííûõ è âîñïà-ëèòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ.

Èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîâîäèëîñü â óñëîâèÿõ ÎÎÎ "Áåðêàò",Ðîñëàâëüñêîãî ð-íà Ñìîëåíñêîé îáë., íà 40 êîðîâàõ øâèö-êîé ïîðîäû. Æèâîòíûå áûëè ðàñïðåäåëåíû íà 2 ãðóïïû:êîíòðîëüíàÿ ãðóïïà (20 ãîëîâ) – ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèå ìåðûíå ïðèìåíÿëèñü; îïûòíàÿ ãðóïïà (20 ãîëîâ) – ÁîâèÑòýì â/ì ïî 10,0 ìë íàêàíóíå îòåëà è íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü ïîñëåîòåëà. Òåëÿò âûïàèâàëè ìîëîçèâîì ìàòåðåé.

Ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü äëÿ êîðîâ îöåíè-âàëè ïî âîçíèêíîâåíèþ ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé, âîñ-ñòàíîâëåíèþ â ïîñëåðîäîâîé ïåðèîä, à òàêæå ïî âîññòàíîâ-ëåíèþ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ôóíêöèè [3]. Äëÿ òåëÿò èçó÷àëèïîêàçàòåëè çàáîëåâàåìîñòè/ñìåðòíîñòè â ïåðâûå 3 ìåñÿöàæèçíè, à òàêæå ïðîâîäèëè àíàëèç êðîâè íà 3–5 è 21–23ñóòêè ïî îáùåïðèíÿòûì ìåòîäèêàì [7].

Äèçàéí èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Ðàíäîìèçèðîâàííîå êîíòðîëè-ðóåìîå èñïûòàíèå ñ îòðèöàòåëüíûì êîíòðîëåì; ñòàòèñòè-÷åñêàÿ îáðàáîòêà äàííûõ ïðîâîäèëàñü ïðè ïîìîùè íåïà-ðàìåòðè÷åñêèõ êðèòåðèåâ: Ôèøåðà è Óèëêîêñîíà-Ìàííà-Óèòíè.

Ðåçóëüòàòû è îáñóæäåíèå

Ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò îá óñêîðåíèèâîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ïîëîâûõ îðãàíîâ êîðîâ ïîñëå îòåëà â îïûò-


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íîé ãðóïïå, ÷òî ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ çíà÷èìûì ñíèæåíèåì ñðî-êà íîðìàëèçàöèè âñåõ èññëåäóåìûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé â 1,3 – 1,6ðàç (òàáë.1).

Ïðåïàðàò ÁîâèÑòýì çíà÷èìî ñíèæàåò âåðîÿòíîñòü ïîñ-ëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, çà ñ÷åò ïðåäîò-âðàùåíèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ îñòðîãî ãíîéíî-êàòàðàëüíîãî ýíäîìåò-ðèòà (â 5 ðàç ðåæå ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ êîíòðîëåì). Ýòî ñïîñîá-ñòâóåò íå òîëüêî âîññòàíîâëåíèþ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè æèâîò-íûõ, íî è ïîçâîëÿåò èçáåæàòü ïðèåìà àíòèáèîòèêîâ, çíà÷è-òåëüíî ñíèæàþùèõ êà÷åñòâî ìîëîêà è òðåáóþùèõ âðåìåíèäëÿ âûâåäåíèÿ èç îðãàíèçìà.

Ïîêàçàíî çíà÷èìîå óñêîðåíèå âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ðåïðî-äóêòèâíîé ôóíêöèè è óëó÷øåíèå îïëîäîòâîðÿåìîñòè óêîðîâ îïûòíîé ãðóïïû (òàáë. 2). Íàáëþäàëîñü ñîêðàùåíèåâðåìåíè äî ïîÿâëåíèÿ ïåðâîãî ïîëîâîãî öèêëà ïîñëå îòåëàâ 1,3 ðàçà, óìåíüøåíèå èíòåðâàëà ìåæäó ïîëîâûìè öèêëà-ìè è ñîêðàùåíèå ñðîêà ïëîäîòâîðíîãî îñåìåíåíèÿ íà 6 è11 % ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Ïðèâåäåííûå äàííûå óêàçûâàþò íà áîëåå ïîëíîåâîññòàíîâëåíèå ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ôóíêöèè êîðîâ ïðè ïðî-ôèëàêòè÷åñêîì ââåäåíèè ïðåïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì. Íà îñíîâà-íèè ïîëó÷åííûõ äàííûõ ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ïîäîá-íàÿ ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêàÿ ìåðà ïîçâîëèò íå òîëüêî ñîêðàòèòüâîññòàíîâèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî öèêëà, íî èóâåëè÷èòü êîëè÷åñòâî ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ öèêëîâ áåç ñíè-æåíèÿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè.

Â îòíîøåíèè òåëÿò, ïîëó÷åííûõ îò êîðîâ, êîòîðûìïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêè ââîäèëè ïðåïàðàò ÁîâèÑòýì, ìîæíî êîí-ñòàòèðîâàòü ñòàòèñòè÷åñêè çíà÷èìîå ñíèæåíèå çàáîëåâàå-ìîñòè è ñìåðòíîñòè (òàáë. 3).

Ïîäîáíîå ñíèæåíèå îòìå÷åíî âî âñå ñðîêè íàáëþäå-íèÿ, à îáùèå ïîêàçàòåëè çàáîëåâàåìîñòè è ñìåðòíîñòè âîïûòíîé ãðóïïå áûëè íà 75 è 40 % íèæå, ÷åì â êîíòðîëå.Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â îïûòíîé ãðóïïå íå ïîãèáëî íèîäíî æèâîòíîå.

Ñíèæåíèå çàáîëåâàåìîñòè è ñìåðòíîñòè ìîëîäíÿêàìîæåò áûòü ñâÿçàíî ñ ïîâûøåíèåì èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà, ÷òîáûëî ïîäòâåðæäåíî ðåçóëüòàòàìè ãåìàòîëîãè÷åñêèõ èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé íîâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò (òàáë. 4).

Â îïûòíîé ãðóïïå íà 3 – 5 ñóòêè íàáëþäàëîñü çíà÷èìîåïîâûøåíèå ñîäåðæàíèÿ áåëêà è îáùèõ èììóíîãëîáóëèíîââ ñûâîðîòêå êðîâè íà 12,5 è 14 % ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Òàêæå óýòèõ æèâîòíûõ îòìå÷åí áîëåå âûñîêèé óðîâåíü Ò- è Â-ëèìôîöèòîâ. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî åñëè ó íîâîðîæäåííûõæèâîòíûõ ýòè ïîêàçàòåëè áûëè íèæå íîðìû, òî ñðåäíååçíà÷åíèå äàííûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé â îïûòíîé ãðóïïå íàõîäè-ëîñü â ïðåäåëàõ íîðìû. Â áîëåå ïîçäíèå ñðîêè íàáëþäåíèÿ(21 – 23 ñóòêè) îòìå÷àëñÿ ïðèõîä âñåõ ãåìàòîëîãè÷åñêèõïîêàçàòåëåé ìîëîäíÿêà â ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêóþ íîðìó. Ïðèýòîì ó æèâîòíûõ îïûòíîé ãðóïïû âñå ïîêàçàòåëè, êðîìåëèçîöèìíîé, áàêòåðèöèäíîé è ôàãîöèòàðíîé àêòèâíîñòè, àòàêæå ñîäåðæàíèÿ ëåéêîöèòîâ â êðîâè, áûëè ñòàòèñòè÷åñ-êè çíà÷èìî âûøå, ÷åì â êîíòðîëå. Ñòîèò îòìåòèòü, ÷òîïåðå÷èñëåííûå ïîêàçàòåëè â îïûòå òàêæå ïðåâîñõîäèëèçíà÷åíèÿ êîíòðîëüíîé ãðóïïû, íî ýòè ðàçëè÷èÿ íå áûëèñòàòèñòè÷åñêè çíà÷èìû.

Ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå â îòíîøåíèè ìîëîäíÿêà ñâèäå-òåëüñòâóþò î ïîâûøåíèè âûæèâàåìîñòè è ñíèæåíèè ñìåð-òíîñòè òåëÿò â ïåðâûå 3 ìåñÿöà æèçíè ïðè ïðîôèëàêòè-÷åñêîì ïðèìåíåíèè ïðåïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì êîðîâàì ïåðåäîòåëîì. Ýòè ðåçóëüòàòû ñîãëàñîâûâàþòñÿ ñ äàííûìè ãå-ìàòîëîãè÷åñêîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ, êîòîðûå ñâèäåòåëüñòâó-þò î ïîâûøåíèè èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà ìîëîäíÿêà îïûòíîéãðóïïû.

Èñõîäÿ èç ïîëó÷åííûõ äàííûõ, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü,÷òî ïîä äåéñòâèåì ïðåïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì ãóìîðàëüíîå çâåíîèììóíèòåòà àêòèâèðóåòñÿ áîëåå çíà÷èòåëüíî, ÷åì êëåòî÷-íîå. Òåíäåíöèÿ ê âûðàâíèâàíèþ íåêîòîðûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé âêðîâè êîíòðîëüíîé è îïûòíîé ãðóïïû, íàáëþäàåìàÿ ñ 21 –

23 ñóòîê, âîçìîæíî, óêàçûâàåò íà íåîáõîäèìîñòü äîïîëíè-òåëüíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïðåïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì ñ ïðîôèëàêòè-÷åñêîé öåëüþ íîâîðîæäåííûì òåëÿòàì (ýòî ïðåäïîëîæè-òåëüíî îáåñïå÷èò ïðîëîíãàöèþ ýôôåêòà íà ñðîê áîëüøèé,÷åì íàáëþäàëñÿ â èññëåäîâàíèè, è îïöèîíàëüíî óêàçàíî âèíñòðóêöèè ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ ïðåïàðàòà).

Âûâîäû

Èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïðå-ïàðàòà ÁîâèÑòýì, íàçíà÷åííîãî ñòåëüíûì êîðîâàì ïåðåäîòåëîì, ïîêàçàëî ñíèæåíèå ñðîêîâ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ïîëî-âûõ îðãàíîâ êîðîâ è èõ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ôóíêöèè, óìåíü-øåíèå âåðîÿòíîñòè ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé, à òàêæåáëàãîòâîðíîå âëèÿíèå íà ïîòîìñòâî, êîòîðîå ïðîÿâëÿëîñüâ ñíèæåíèè çàáîëåâàåìîñòè è ñìåðòíîñòè â ïåðâûå 3 ìåñÿ-öà æèçíè çà ñ÷åò ïîâûøåíèÿ èììóííîãî ñòàòóñà ìîëîäíÿ-êà, ïîä äåéñòâèåì èññëåäóåìîãî ïðåïàðàòà.

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Áàãìàíîâ Ì. Íîâûé ïðåïàðàò äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè ïîñëåðîäîâûõîñëîæíåíèé ó êîðîâ // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîò-íûõ. - 2011. - ¹. 1. - Ñ. 23-27.2. Áàéìèøåâ Ì. Õ. è äð. Êîìïëåêñíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå òêàíåâûõïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé ó êîðîâ// Âåòåðèíàðíûé ôàðìàêîëîãè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê. - 2019. - ¹ 1. - Ñ. 42-47.3. Áàéìèøåâ Ì. Õ. è äð. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü äîç ïðåïàðàòà Óòåðîìàñ-òèí äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé ó êîðîâ // Âåòå-ðèíàðíàÿ ïàòîëîãèÿ. - 2019. - ¹. 2. - Ñ. 36-43.4. Áàéìèøåâ Ì. Õ., Ñàôèóëëèí Õ. À. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü èñïîëüçîâà-íèÿ ïðåïàðàòà Öèìàêòèí äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæ-íåíèé ó êîðîâ // Èçâåñòèÿ Ñàìàðñêîé ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ñåëüñêîõî-çÿéñòâåííîé àêàäåìèè. - Âûï. 3/2017. - 2017. - Ñ. 46-505. Áåëÿåâà Í. Þ., Êðîíåâàëüä Å. À., Ïøåíè÷íèêîâà Å. Í. Èçó÷åíèåýôôåêòèâíîñòè ñõåì ïðîôèëàêòèêè ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé óêîðîâ // Àãðàðíàÿ íàóêà-ñåëüñêîìó õîçÿéñòâó. - 2019. - Ñ. 257-258.6. Áîãîìîëîâà Î. À. Äèàãíîñòèêà èììóíîäåôèöèòîâ íîâîðîæäåí-íûõ òåëÿò // Äîñòèæåíèÿ ìîëîäûõ ó÷åíûõ â âåòåðèíàðíóþ ïðàêòèêó.- 2016. - Ñ. 94-98.7. Èñàåâ Â. Â., Áóðîâà Î. À., Áëîõèí À. À. Èçó÷åíèå ýôôåêòèâíîñòèíîâîãî ãóìèíîâîãî ïðåïàðàòà "Ôóðîð" ïðè êîððåêöèè èììóíîäåôè-öèòîâ ó íîâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò // Àãðàðíàÿ íàóêà Åâðî-Ñåâåðî-Âîñòîêà. - 2016. - ¹. 2 (51).8. Êàñàòêèíà Å. Â. Ïðîôèëàêòèêà ïîñëåðîäîâûõ îñëîæíåíèé óêîðîâ. - 2017.9. Íèêîëàåâà Î.Í. Ïðîôèëàêòèêà èììóíîäåôèöèòíûõ ñîñòîÿíèéíîâîðîæä¸ííûõ òåëÿò // Òðóäû Âñåðîññèéñêîãî íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâà-òåëüñêîãî èíñòèòóòà âåòåðèíàðíîé ýíòîìîëîãèè è àðàõíîëîãèè. Ò.¹ 52 - 2013. - Ñ. 145-147.10. Ïî÷òàðü Â. À., Îñòÿêîâà Ì. Å. Èììóíîäåôèöèòû íîâîðîæäåí-íûõ òåëÿò â óñëîâèÿõ Àìóðñêîé îáëàñòè // Ýêîëîãî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîåáëàãîïîëó÷èå ðàñòèòåëüíîãî è æèâîòíîãî ìèðà. - 2017. - Ñ. 208-210.

References1. Bagmanov M. Novyy preparat dlya profilaktiki poslerodovykhoslozhneniy u korov // Veterinariya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh.- 2011. - ¹. 1. - S. 23-27.2. Baymishev M. Kh. i dr. Kompleksnoye ispol'zovaniye tkanevykhpreparatov dlya profilaktiki poslerodovykh oslozhneniy u korov //Veterinarnyy farmakologicheskiy vestnik. - 2019. - ¹ 1. - S. 42-47.3. Baymishev M. Kh. i dr. Effektivnost' doz preparata Uteromastin dlyaprofilaktiki poslerodovykh oslozhneniy u korov // Veterinarnayapatologiya. - 2019. - ¹. 2. - S. 36-43.4. Baymishev M. Kh., Safiullin Kh. A. Effektivnost' ispol'zovaniyapreparata Tsimaktin dlya profilaktiki poslerodovykh oslozhneniy u korov// Izvestiya Samarskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoyakademii. - Vyp. 3/2017. - 2017. - S. 46-50.5. Belyayeva N. Yu., Kroneval'd Ye. A., Pshenichnikova Ye. N. Izucheniyeeffektivnosti skhem profilaktiki poslerodovykh oslozhneniy u korov //Agrarnaya nauka-sel'skomu khozyaystvu. - 2019. - S. 257-258.6. Bogomolova O. A. Diagnostika immunodefitsitov novorozhdennykhtelyat // Dostizheniya molodykh uchenykh v veterinarnuyu praktiku. -2016. - S. 94-98.7. Isayev V. V., Burova O. A., Blokhin A. A. Izucheniye effektivnostinovogo guminovogo preparata "Furor" pri korrektsii immunodefitsitov unovorozhdennykh telyat // Agrarnaya nauka Yevro-Severo-Vostoka. -2016. - ¹. 2 (51).8. Kasatkina Ye. V. Profilaktika poslerodovykh oslozhneniy u korov. -2017.9. Nikolayeva O.N. Profilaktika immunodefitsitnykh sostoyaniynovorozhdonnykh telyat // Trudy Vserossiyskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta veterinarnoy entomologii i arakhnologii. T.¹ 52 - 2013. - S. 145-147.10. Pochtar' V. A., Ostyakova M. Ye. Immunodefitsity novorozhdennykhtelyat v usloviyakh Amurskoy oblasti // Ekologo-biologicheskoyeblagopoluchiye rastitel'nogo i zhivotnogo mira. - 2017. - S. 208-210.


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-8ÓÄÊ 636:330.3:339.562

Óñïåõ ðàçâèòèÿ áèîïðîìûøëåííîñòè– áèîáåçîïàñíîñòü ñòðàíû

Ìåëüíèê Í.Â. – äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð,Çàñëóæåííûé âåòåðèíàðíûé âðà÷ ÐÔ, ×ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÅÍ, ëàóðåàò ïðåìèè ÏðàâèòåëüñòâàÐÔ, çàñëóæåííûé ðàáîòíèê ÀÏÊ, ïðåçèäåíòíàöèîíàëüíîé Àññîöèàöèè "Âåòáèîïðîì".e-mail: [email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Àññîöèàöèÿ, áèîïðåäïðèÿòèÿ, âàê-öèíû ïðîìûøëåííîñòü, ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðè-ÿòèÿ, âîçáóäèòåëè îñîáî îïàñíûõ áîëåçíåé, áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿóãðîçà, áèîáåçîïàñíîñòü, ëåêàðñòâåííûå ñðåäñòâà.

Ðåçþìå. Èñòîðèÿ îòå÷åñòâåííîé àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîéïðîìûøëåííîñòè íàñ÷èòûâàåò áîëåå 120 ëåò è â íàñòîÿùèéìîìåíò îíà íàõîäèòñÿ íà êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíîì óðîâíå ñâåäóùèìè ìèðîâûìè ïðîèçâîäèòåëÿìè, íî ïðè ýòîì ÷àñòîïðåâîñõîäÿ èõ ïî ñîîòíîøåíèþ öåíà – êà÷åñòâî.

Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïðîìûøëåííîñòüÐîññèè ñåãîäíÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíà ôåäåðàëüíûìè êàçåííûìèïðåäïðèÿòèÿìè (áèîêîìáèíàòû, áèîôàáðèêè) è ôåäåðàëü-íûìè ãîñóäàðñòâåííûìè áþäæåòíûìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿìè(ÔÃÁÍÓ), âõîäÿùèìè â Àññîöèàöèþ "Âåòáèîïðîì" (âñåãî7 îðãàíèçàöèé è ïðåäïðèÿòèé). Ïðîìûøëåííûé ïîòåíöèàëîòå÷åñòâåííîé âåòåðèíàðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåí-íîñòè ïîçâîëÿåò ðàñøèðÿòü ïðîèçâîäñòâî, êàê ïî îáúåìàìâûïóñêà, òàê è ïî àññîðòèìåíòó ïðîäóêöèè, îòâå÷àÿ ïðàê-òè÷åñêè íà ëþáóþ âîçíèêàþùóþ áèîëîãè÷åñêóþ óãðîçó.Äîñòîèíñòâàìè ðîññèéñêèõ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ èõâûñîêàÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü è äîñòóïíûå öåíû. Ïðîèçâîäñòâîâàêöèí âåäåòñÿ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì øòàììîâ âîçáóäèòåëåéáîëåçíåé, âûäåëåííûõ íà òåððèòîðèè áûâøåãî ÑîâåòñêîãîÑîþçà, ÷òî îáåñïå÷èâàåò âûñîêóþ ñïåöèôè÷íîñòü ïðåïà-ðàòîâ è èõ ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêóþ íàäåæíîñòü. Ñ öåëüþïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâà è çàùèòû èíòåðåñîâ âåäóùèõ ïðåäïðè-ÿòèé è ó÷ðåæäåíèé ñòðàíû â èñïîëíèòåëüíûõ è çàêîíîäà-òåëüíûõ îðãàíàõ âëàñòè, â ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëüñêîì è áàíêîâ-ñêîì ñåêòîðàõ, ñðåäñòâàõ ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè, à òàêæåðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè î âûïóñêàåìîé ïðîäóêöèè,êàê â Ðîññèè, òàê è çà ðóáåæîì â 2009 ã. áûëà ñîçäàíàÍàöèîíàëüíàÿ àññîöèàöèÿ îðãàíèçàöèé âåòåðèíàðíî-áèî-ëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè (Àññîöèàöèÿ "Âåòáèîïðîì").

Íàöèîíàëüíàÿ àññîöèàöèÿ îðãàíèçàöèé âåòåðèíàðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè ïðè ñîäåéñòâèè Ìèíñåëü-õîçà Ðîññèè è Äåïàðòàìåíòà âåòåðèíàðèè îñóùåñòâëÿåòäåÿòåëüíîñòü, íàïðàâëåííóþ íà äàëüíåéøåå ðàçâèòèå âåòå-ðèíàðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò

èíòåðåñû ïðåäïðèÿòèé è îðãàíèçàöèé, âõîäÿùèõ â àññîöè-àöèþ, â Ìèíèñòåðñòâå ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà ÐîññèéñêîéÔåäåðàöèè è îðãàíàõ ôåäåðàëüíîé ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé âëàñ-òè ñ öåëüþ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ è ïðîáëåì, âîçíèêàþùèõ âîòðàñëè. Àññîöèàöèÿ ðàçðàáàòûâàåò è ïðåäñòàâëÿåò â ÌÑÕÐÔ ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, ïî äàëüíåéøåìó ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ èîïòèìèçàöèè äåÿòåëüíîñòè îðãàíèçàöèé è ïðåäïðèÿòèéâåòåðèíàðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè. Ñâîåé ñòðà-òåãè÷åñêîé öåëüþ àññîöèàöèÿ ñ÷èòàåò îáåñïå÷åíèå âûñî-êîãî êà÷åñòâà âûïóñêàåìîé ïðîäóêöèè íà âñåõ ýòàïàõ ïðî-èçâîäñòâà, âíåäðåíèå íàóêîåìêèõ òåõíîëîãèé, ñîâðåìåí-íîãî ìåíåäæìåíòà.

Success in the development of bio-industry – biosafety of the countryMelnik N.V. - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor,Honored Veterinarian of the Russian Federation,Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of NaturalSciences, Laureate of the Prize of the Government of theRussian Federation, President of the National Association.e-mail: [email protected]).

Key words: Association, bio-enterprises, vaccines industry,anti-epizootic measures, causative agents of especially dangerousdiseases, biological threat, biosafety, medicines.

Abstract. The history of the domestic agrobiologicalindustry has more than 120 years, and at the moment it is at acompetitive level with the world's leading manufacturers, butoften surpassing them in terms of price - quality. The stateagrobiological industry of Russia today is represented by federalstate enterprises (biocombineries, biofactories) and federal statebudgetary institutions (FSBI), members of the VetbiopromAssociation (7 organizations and enterprises in total).

The industrial potential of the domestic veterinary andbiological industry allows us to expand production, both interms of output and in the range of products, responding toalmost any emerging biological threat. The advantages of Russianbiological products are their high efficiency and affordableprices. Vaccines are produced using strains of pathogens isolatedon the territory of the former Soviet Union, which ensures highspecificity of drugs and their anti-epizootic reliability. In orderto represent and protect the interests of the leading enterprisesand institutions of the country in the executive and legislativeauthorities, in the business and banking sectors, the media, aswell as disseminating information on products both in Russiaand abroad, in 2009 was created National Association ofVeterinary and Biological Industry Organizations (VetbiopromAssociation). The National Association of Veterinary andBiological Industry Organizations, with the assistance of theMinistry of Agriculture of Russia and the Veterinary Department,carries out activities aimed at further development of theveterinary and biological industry, represents the interests ofenterprises and organizations that are members of the associationin the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation andfederal state authorities with a view to solving tasks and problemsarising in the industry. The Association develops and presentsproposals to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federationfor further improvement and optimization of the activities oforganizations and enterprises of the veterinary and biologicalindustry. The Association considers its strategic goal to ensurehigh quality of products at all stages of production, theintroduction of high technology, modern management.


Ìåëüíèê Í.Â. Óñïåõ ðàçâèòèÿ áèîïðîìûøëåííîñòè - áèîáåçîïàñíîñòü ñòðàíû // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. - 2020 -¹ 2. - Ñ33-36.Melnik N.V. The success of the development of bio-industry - biosafety of the country // Veterinary medicine and feeding. -2020 - ¹ 2. - P. 33-36

Ìåëüíèê Í.Â.Melnik N.V.


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Íàöèîíàëüíàÿ àññîöèàöèÿ îðãàíèçàöèé âåòåðèíàðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè "Àññîöèàöèÿ "Âåòáèîï-ðîì") ñîçäàíà â 2009 ã. ñ öåëüþ çàùèòû èíòåðåñîâ ïðåäïðè-ÿòèé è ó÷ðåæäåíèé, âõîäÿùèõ â àññîöèàöèþ, â èñïîëíè-òåëüíûõ îðãàíàõ âëàñòè, â ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëüñêîì è áàíêîâ-ñêîì ñîîáùåñòâàõ, â ôåäåðàëüíûõ ÑÌÈ îòðàñëåâîé è îá-ùåñòâåííî-ïîëèòè÷åñêîé íàïðàâëåííîñòè.

Óêàçîì Ïðåçèäåíòà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè îò 21 ÿíâà-ðÿ 2020 ã. ¹ 20 óòâåðæäåíà Äîêòðèíà ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîéáåçîïàñíîñòè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Îíà "ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîêó-ìåíòîì ñòðàòåãè÷åñêîãî ïëàíèðîâàíèÿ, â êîòîðîì îòðàæå-

áàâîê, â òîì ÷èñëå çà ñ÷åò âíåäðåíèÿ êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíûõîòå÷åñòâåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé, îñíîâàííûõ íà íîâåéøèõ äîñ-òèæåíèÿõ íàóêè.

Â Äîêòðèíå îòìå÷àåòñÿ, ÷òî îáåñïå÷åíèå ïðîäîâîëü-ñòâåííîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ñîïðÿæåíî ñ ðèñêàìè è óãðîçàìè,êîòîðûå ìîãóò ñóùåñòâåííî åå ñíèçèòü. Ñðåëè óãðîç óêàçà-íû òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ðèñêè, âûçâàííûå íåñàíêöèîíèðîâàí-íûì èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ âåòå-ðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ â ïðîöåññå ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãîïðîèçâîäñòâà. [7]

Íûíåøíèé ïåðèîä ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ìîæíîáåç ïðåóâåëè÷åíèÿ íàçâàòü ýïîõîé íàíî-òåõíîëîãèé è âû-ñîêîòåõíîëîãè÷íîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà, ê êîòîðîìó ïî ïðàâóíåîáõîäèìî îòíåñòè îòå÷åñòâåííóþ àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêóþïðîìûøëåííîñòü, ÷üÿ èñòîðèÿ íàñ÷èòûâàåò áîëåå ñòà ëåò.

Ñåé÷àñ â Ðîññèè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû áîëåå 160 èììóíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðåäïðèÿòèé, âõî-äÿùèõ â Àññîöèàöèþ "Âåòáèîïðîì", è 67 – çà ðóáåæîì. Íàïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ, ïîäâåäîìñòâåííûõ Ìèíñåëüõîçó Ðîññèè,òàêæå ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ áîëåå 60 íàèìåíîâàíèé ñðåäñòâ äèàã-íîñòèêè èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ. 46 áèîïðåïà-ðàòîâ ïîñòàâëÿþòñÿ çà ñ÷åò ñðåäñòâ ôåäåðàëüíîãî áþäæåòàäëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïëàíîâûõ ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîï-ðèÿòèé â ñóáúåêòàõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. [5,4]

Áèîòåõíîëîãè÷åñêîå ïðîèçâîäñòâî, èñïîëüçóþùèå âòåõíîëîãè÷åñêîì öèêëå âîçáóäèòåëè èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáî-ëåâàíèé ÷åëîâåêà è æèâîòíûõ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîòåíöèàëüíî îïàñ-íûì îáúåêòîì, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì, ê íåìó ïðåäúÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîâû-øåííûå òðåáîâàíèÿ, ïîçâîëÿþùèå îáåñïå÷èòü ýïèäåìèî-ëîãè÷åñêóþ è ýïèçîîòè÷åñêóþ áåçîïàñíîñòü. Â íàñòîÿùååâðåìÿ ðåøåíèå âîïðîñîâ áèîáåçîïàñíîñòè îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿçà ñ÷åò âíåäðåíèÿ è ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ íà ïðåäïðèÿòèÿõñèñòåì ìåíåäæìåíåòà êà÷åñòâà, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ òðåáî-âàíèÿì ñòàíäàðòîâ ÃÎÑÒ Ð 52249-2009, ÌÑ ÈÑÎ 9001-2008, ÃÎÑÒ Ð ÈÑÎ 9001-2008, ÌÑ ÈÑÎ 14001-2004, ÌÑÈÑÎ 22000-2005, à òàêæå ïóòåì ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ïðîèçâîä-ñòâåííûõ ìîùíîñòåé â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ Ïðèêàçîì Ìèíï-ðîìòîðãà Ðîññèè îò 14 èþíÿ 2013 ãîäà ¹ 916 "Îá óòâåðæ-äåíèè ïðàâèë îðãàíèçàöèè ïðîèçâîäñòâà è êîíòðîëÿ êà÷å-ñòâà ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ" (GMP).

Â òî æå âðåìÿ ñ öåëüþ ïîâûøåíèÿ êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîá-íîñòè îòå÷åñòâåííîé àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñ-òè Àññîöèàöèåé àêòèâíî ïðîâîäèòñÿ ðàáîòà ïî ãàðìîíèçà-öèè ñ ìåæäóíàðîäíûìè äîêóìåíòàìè ðîññèéñêèõ íîðìà-òèâíî-ïðàâîâûõ àêòîâ, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõ êà÷åñòâî âàêöèíè äèàãíîñòèêóìîâ, ïðè ïîìîùè êîòîðûõ íàøå ãîñóäàðñòâîîñóùåñòâëÿåò ìåðû ïî íåäîïóùåíèþ íà ñâîþ òåððèòîðèþâîçáóäèòåëåé îïàñíûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, ïîñòîÿííîå ýïèçîî-òè÷åñêîå îáñëåäîâàíèå æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõ ôåðì, ñèñòåìà-òè÷åñêóþ âàêöèíàöèþ æèâîòíûõ â çîíàõ âûñîêîé ñòåïåíèðèñêà ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ áîëåçíåé, ïðîâåäåíèå ñåðî- è èììó-íîëîãè÷åñêîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà, ïîääåðæàíèå ðåçåðâà âàêöèí,äèàãíîñòèêóìîâ, äåçèíôåöèðóþùèõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ êóïèðîâà-íèÿ è ëèêâèäàöèè âîçìîæíûõ î÷àãîâ çàáîëåâàíèé. [2]

Ïîòåíöèàë îòå÷åñòâåííîé âåòåðèíàðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîéïðîìûøëåííîñòè ïîçâîëÿåò ðàñøèðÿòü ïðîèçâîäñòâî, êàêïî îáúåìàì âûïóñêà, òàê è ïî àññîðòèìåíòó ïðîäóêöèè,îòâå÷àÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè íà ëþáóþ âîçíèêàþùóþ áèîëîãè÷åñ-êóþ óãðîçó. Âàæíûì êîíêóðåíòíûì ïðåèìóùåñòâîì îòå÷å-ñòâåííûõ èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâÿâëÿåòñÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèå äëÿ èõ èçãîòîâëåíèÿ ìåñòíûõ, âûäå-ëåííûõ â Ðîññèè èëè áëèæàéøåì çàðóáåæüå øòàììîâ ìèê-ðîîðãàíèçìîâ. Ýòî îáåñïå÷èâàåò, êàê ïðàâèëî, íàèáîëååâûñîêóþ ñïåöèôè÷åñêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü áèîïðåïàðàòîâ ïðèèõ ïðèìåíåíèè íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè. Äëÿ óïðî÷íåíèÿ ýòîãîíàïðàâëåíèÿ íåîáõîäèìî ðàñøèðèòü èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ïîëó-÷åíèþ îòå÷åñòâåííûõ àêòóàëüíûõ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ øòàì-ìîâ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, îáëàäàþùèõ âûñîêîé èììóíîãåííî-ñòüþ, ãåíåòè÷åñêîé ñòàáèëüíîñòüþ, è ñîçäàòü áàíêè áèîëî-

íû îôèöèàëüíûå âçãëÿäû íà öåëè, çàäà÷è è îñíîâíûå íà-ïðàâëåíèÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ïî-ëèòèêè â îáëàñòè îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîé áåçî-ïàñíîñòè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè". Óïîìèíàþòñÿ â Äîêò-ðèíå è âåòåðèíàðíûå ïðåïàðàòû.

Â ÷àñòíîñòè, â äîêóìåíòå ãîâîðèòñÿ, ÷òî â ðàçâèòèåïîëîæåíèé Ñòðàòåãèè íàöèîíàëüíîé áåçîïàñíîñòè Ðîñ-ñèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè íàöèîíàëüíûìè èíòåðåñàìè ãîñóäàð-ñòâà â ñôåðå ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîé áåçîïàñíîñòè íà äîëãî-ñðî÷íûé ïåðèîä ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðàçâèòèå ïðîèçâîäñòâà êîìáè-êîðìîâ, êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê äëÿ æèâîòíûõ, ëåêàðñòâåííûõñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, ìèíåðàëüíûõ äî-


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ãè÷åñêèõ àãåíòîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå øòàììîâ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ,êóëüòóð êëåòîê, âåêòîðîâ ñ öåëåâûìè ãåíàìè.

Ïðîãíîçèðóåìîå óâåëè÷åíèå ïîãîëîâüÿ æèâîòíûõ, ïîÿâ-ëåíèå íîâûõ, â òîì ÷èñëå ýìåðäæåíòíûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, â ñàìîìáëèæàéøåì áóäóùåì ïðèâåäåò ê ïîâûøåíèþ ïîòðåáíîñòè âáèîïðåïàðàòàõ è äèàãíîñòèêóìàõ, êàê âàæíîãî ôàêòîðà äëÿîáåñïå÷åíèÿ ñòîéêîãî ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ.

Ïåðèîä ñòèõèéíîé ïðèâàòèçàöèè â Ðîññèè êðàéíå íåãà-òèâíî îòðàçèëñÿ íà ýòîé îòðàñëè îòå÷åñòâåííîé ýêîíîìè-êè. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ðîññèéñêàÿ àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïðîìûø-ëåííîñòü âûæèëà è â íàñòîÿùèõ óñëîâèÿõ ïðîäîëæàåò ïðî-èçâîäèòü êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíûå ïðåïàðàòû âåòåðèíàðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî è ôàðìàöåâòè÷åñêîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ. Ñòîèòîòìåòèòü, ÷òî ìîùíîñòè ïðåäïðèÿòèé áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðî-ìûøëåííîñòè, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â âåäåíèè Ìèíñåëüõîçà Ðîñ-ñèè, ïîçâîëÿþò ïîëíîñòüþ îáåñïå÷èâàòü ïîòðåáíîñòè ðûí-êà áèîïðåïàðàòîâ â èíòåðåñàõ óñòîé÷èâîãî ðàçâèòèÿ îòå÷å-ñòâåííîãî æèâîòíîâîäñòâà è ïòèöåâîäñòâà. [3]

Àíàëèç èìïîðòíûõ ïîñòàâîê â ðàçðåçå ïðîèçâîäèòåëåéïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî íàèáîëüøèé îáúåì èìïîðòà âàêöèí ïðèõî-äèòñÿ íà êîìïàíèþ "Èíòåðâåò" MSD Animal Health (ÌÑÄýíèìàë íýëñ), "Çîýòèñ", "Á¸ðèíãåð", "Ìåðèàë" è "Ñåâà". Íàäîëþ ýòèõ êîìïàíèé ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïî÷òè 70% ñâîáîäíîãî(êîììåð÷åñêîãî) ðûíêà Ðîññèè, â äåíåæíîì âûðàæåíèèïîðÿäêà 6 ìëðä ðóáëåé â ãîä ýòî (áåç ó÷åòà ñóáñòàíöèé,çàêóïàåìûõ äëÿ ôàðìàöåâòè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ).

Ñåãîäíÿ áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ ïðèçíàíà îäíèì èç ïðèîðèòåò-íûõ íàïðàâëåíèé ðàçâèòèÿ èííîâàöèîííîé ýêîíîìèêè âÐîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, ÷òî îòìå÷åíî â êîíöåïöèè äîëãî-ñðî÷íîãî ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ñòðàíû äî2020 ã.

Â îáëàñòè ðàçâèòèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ìàòåðèàëüíî-òåõíè-÷åñêèõ ðåñóðñîâ äëÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîéïðîäóêöèè, ñûðüÿ è ïðîäîâîëüñòâèÿ íåîáõîäèìî îáåñïå-÷èòü ñîçäàíèå íîâûõ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ ìîùíîñòåé, ðå-êîíñòðóêöèþ è ðàçâèòèå äåéñòâóþùèõ ïðîèçâîäñòâ ïîâûïóñêó ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìå-íåíèÿ è êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê äëÿ æèâîòíûõ, â òîì ÷èñëå ñèñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìåòîäîâ áèîòåõíîëîãèè.

Íåñìîòðÿ íà èìåþùååñÿ îòñòàâàíèÿ, Ðîññèÿ îáëàäàåòâñåìè íåîáõîäèìûìè ïðåäïîñûëêàìè è ïîòåíöèàëîì (íà-ëè÷èå áèî- è ýíåðãîðåñóðñîâ, ïðåñíîé âîäû, íàó÷íûõ øêîë,êâàëèôèöèðîâàííûõ êàäðîâ è ò.ä.), ÷òîáû åãî ïðåîäîëåòü èâîéòè â ÷èñëî ìèðîâûõ ëèäåðîâ â îáëàñòè áèîòåõíîëîãèé.

Îäíàêî, äî ñèõ ïîð ó Ðîññèè íåò îôèöèàëüíî ïðèíÿòîé íàãîñóäàðñòâåííîì óðîâíå äîëãîñðî÷íîé ñòðàòåãèè ðàçâèòèÿáèîòåõíîëîãèé. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â ðàìêàõ ñóùåñòâóþ-ùèõ çàêîíîâ îòñóòñòâóþò íîðìû, êîòîðûå áû îáåñïå÷èâàëèñèñòåìíîå ðåãóëèðîâàíèå áèîòåõíîëîãè÷åñêîé îòðàñëè.

Çàäà÷åé ïðåäïðèÿòèé â îáëàñòè ÍÈÐ è ÎÊÐ ÿâëÿåòñÿñîçäàíèå íà áàçå áèîêîìáèíàòîâ íàó÷íûõ ïîäðàçäåëåíèéäëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè íîâûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ è èõ ìàñøòàáèðîâàíèå âïðîèçâîäñòâî.

Âåòåðèíàðíûå è ôèòîñàíèòàðíûå ðèñêè, ñâÿçàííûå ñâîçíèêíîâåíèåì è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì ðàíåå íå ðåãèñòðèðî-âàâøèõñÿ íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ìàññîâûõçàðàçíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ, à òàêæå ñ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåìáîëåçíåé è âðåäèòåëåé ðàñòåíèé.[3]

Ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèéãîñóäàðñòâåííîé âåòåðèíàðíîé ñëóæáîé ñóáúåêòîâ Ðîñ-ñèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè åæåãîäíî ñ öåëüþ ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêîéèììóíèçàöèè ïðîâîäèòñÿ áîëåå 122 ìëí. îáðàáîòîê êðóï-íîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, îêîëî 90 ìëí. îáðàáîòîê ìåëêîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, áîëåå 113 ìëí. îáðàáîòîê ñâèíåé, 7,5–8,5ìèëëèàðäîâ îáðàáîòîê ïòèöû è îêîëî 30 ìëí. îáðàáîòîêäðóãèõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ. Òàêæå åæåãîäíî ïðîâîäèòñÿ îêî-ëî 150 ìëí. äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé.

Ðàçâèòèå ïëåìåííîãî æèâîòíîâîäñòâà, ñåëåêöèè ðàñ-òåíèé, ñåìåíîâîäñòâà è àêâàêóëüòóðû (ðûáîâîäñòâà), ðàç-âèòèå ïðîèçâîäñòâà êîìáèêîðìîâ, êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê äëÿ

æèâîòíûõ, ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðè-ìåíåíèÿ, ìèíåðàëüíûõ äîáàâîê, â òîì ÷èñëå çà ñ÷åò âíåäðå-íèÿ êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíûõ îòå÷åñòâåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé, îñ-íîâàííûõ íà íîâåéøèõ äîñòèæåíèÿõ íàóêè.

Ó÷èòûâàÿ ñëîæíóþ ïîëèòè÷åñêóþ ñèòóàöèþ íà ìåæ-äóíàðîäíîé àðåíå è ðÿä íåäðóæåñòâåííûõ ìåð â îòíîøå-íèè ÐÔ ñî ñòîðîíû ÑØÀ è ñòðàí ÅÑ, ïðåäëàãàåì óñèëèòüêîíòðîëü çà ââîçîì è îáîðîòîì ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ,ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûõ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, èìïîð-òèðóåìûõ èç âûøåóêàçàííûõ ñòðàí. Äàííàÿ ìåðà äîëæíàñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ðàçâèòèþ è ïîâûøåíèþ óðîâíÿ ïðîèçâîä-ñòâà è ñáûòà ïðîäóêöèè îòå÷åñòâåííîãî ïðîèçâîäèòåëÿ,÷òî â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü îáåñïå÷èò ïîâûøåíèå óðîâíÿ íåçàâèñè-ìîñòè áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ÐÔ îò èìïîðòíûõ ïðå-ïàðàòîâ. Êîîðäèíèðîâàíèå äåéñòâèé ñ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâà-òåëüñêèìè èíñòèòóòàìè è íàëàæèâàíèå íàó÷íîãî ñîòðóä-íè÷åñòâà ñ çàðóáåæíûìè ïàðòíåðàìè ïîçâîëèò ðàñøèðèòüàññîðòèìåíò è îáåñïå÷èòü áåñïåðåáîéíûé âûïóñê êà÷å-ñòâåííîé ïðîäóêöèè äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, ÷òîïîëíîñòüþ óäîâëåòâîðèò ïîòðåáíîñòè ñòðàíû â ëåêàðñòâåí-íûõ ïðåïàðàòàõ ïî äîñòóïíûì öåíàì, è ñíèçèò çàâèñèìîñòüÐîññèè îò èìïîðòà âåòåðèíàðíîé ïðîäóêöèè.

Óñïåõ äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿ îòå÷åñòâåííîé áèîëîãè-÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè, â òîì ÷èñëå ïî èìïîðòîçàìåùå-íèþ, è ýôôåêòèâíîãî ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ ÀÏÊ Ðîññèè áó-äåò çàâèñåòü îò ðåøåíèÿ öåëîãî ðÿäà çàäà÷, êàê äëÿ íàó÷íûõó÷ðåæäåíèé, òàê è ïðîìûøëåííûõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé:

– ïðîâåäåíèå ìîíèòîðèíãà ðûíêà èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñ-êèõ âåòåðèíàðíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ ñ öåëüþ îïðåäåëåíèÿ îñíîâ-íûõ íàïðàâëåíèé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðàçðàáîòîê, ïðîâî-äèìûõ â ÍÈÓ ÐÀÍ, ÌÑÕ ÐÔ è äðóãèõ;

– ïðîâåäåíèå ìàðêåòèíãîâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñïðîñà áèî-òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè;

– ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå ïîòðåáíîñòè è ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå îáî-ñíîâàíèå ýôôåêòèâíîñòè îò âíåäðåíèÿ íîâûõ òåõíîëîãèé;

– ñîçäàíèå åäèíîãî öåíòðà ïî ïðèîáðåòåíèþ, õðàíå-íèþ, ïîääåðæàíèþ è êîíòðîëþ îòå÷åñòâåííûõ ïðîèçâîä-ñòâåííûõ øòàììîâ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ è êóëüòóð êëåòîê;

Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ïîñëåäíèõ ëåò áèîïðåäïðèÿòèÿ è ïðî-ôèëüíûå íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå èíñòèòóòû ðàçðàáàòû-âàþò ïðîãðàììó èìïîðòîçàìåùåíèÿ àêòóàëüíûõ è ïåðñ-ïåêòèâíûõ èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ âåòåðèíàðíûõ ïðåïàðà-òîâ. Îäíàêî, áîëüøèíñòâî íîâûõ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ, íàõîäÿ-ùèõñÿ íà ðàçëè÷íûõ ýòàïàõ ðàçðàáîòêè, íå äîõîäÿò äîðûíêà. Äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îñóùåñòâèòü ïîëíûé öèêë ðàçðàáîò-êè áèîïðåïàðàòà, ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ äîëæíû ðàñïîëàãàòü ìîù-íûì íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèì ïîòåíöèàëîì è çíà÷èòåëü-íûìè ôèíàíñîâûìè ðåñóðñàìè. Èìåííî ïîýòîìó, ñ íàøåéòî÷êè çðåíèÿ, ðàçâèòèå âåòåðèíàðíîé áèîòåõíîëîãèè â Ðîñ-ñèè áóäåò íàèáîëåå óñïåøíûì ïðè îáúåäèíåíèè óñèëèéîòå÷åñòâåííîé íàóêè ñ ïðîèçâîäñòâîì. [4]

Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ìèðîâûå ôèíàíñîâûå êðóãè,ðóêîâîäèòåëè ãîñóäàðñòâ, àâòîðèòåòíûå ó÷åíûå è ýêñïåðòû,îáùåñòâåííîñòü óæå äàâíî îñîçíàëè êëþ÷åâóþ ðîëü áèîòåõ-íîëîãèé â íàñòóïèâøåì ñòîëåòèè, î ÷åì ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþòêàïèòàëîâëîæåíèÿ â îòðàñëü, ðîñò ðûíêà áèîòåõíîëîãè÷åñ-êîé ïðîäóêöèè, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé áàçû èò.ä. Íàèáîëåå îñòðî ñòîèò ïðîáëåìà â îáëàñòè èñïîëüçîâà-íèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ øòàììîâ, à òàêæå ýêñïîðòíûõ ïîñòà-âîê áèîïðåïàðàòîâ âåòåðèíàðíîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ.

Â Ðîññèéñêîì çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâå îòñóòñòâóþò íîðìà-òèâíûå äîêóìåíòû, ðåãóëèðóþùèå ïðîöåäóðó ïðèîáðåòå-íèÿ, ââîçà â ñòðàíó, äåïîíèðîâàíèþ, õðàíåíèþ è êîíòðîëþêà÷åñòâà ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ øòàììîâ. Ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ, âõî-äÿùèå â Àññîöèàöèþ "Âåòáèîïðîì", ñòàëêèâàþòñÿ ñî ñëîæ-íîñòÿìè ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå íîâûõ èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïà-ðàòîâ â ñâÿçè ñ îòñóòñòâèåì àêêðåäèòîâàííûõ ëàáîðàòîðèé,ìåòîäèê ïîëó÷åíèÿ êîíòðîëüíûõ èíäèêàòîðíûõ øòàììîâ.Íàèáîëåå ïðîáëåìàòè÷íîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü èñïîëüçî-âàíèÿ ñîâðåìåííûõ ãåííîìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ øòàììîâ.


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Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ êîíöåïöèè ðàçâèòèÿ ïðåä-ïðèÿòèé àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè

Êîíöåïöèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèé àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîéïðîìûøëåííîñòè äîëæíà ïîëíîñòüþ îáåñïå÷èâàòü âåòå-ðèíàðíóþ ñëóæáó ñòðàíû âûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûìè îòå÷å-ñòâåííûìè ñðåäñòâàìè çàùèòû æèâîòíûõ îò áîëåçíåé, îò-âå÷àþùèõ ìèðîâûì ñòàíäàðòàì ñ öåëüþ äîñòèæåíèÿ ñòîé-êîãî âåòåðèíàðíîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ â æèâîòíîâîäñòâå, ïî-âûøåíèÿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè è óëó÷øåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà æèâîòíî-âîä÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè.

Â ñâÿçè ñ ïîñòàâëåííîé öåëüþ â ñèñòåìå ïðîãðàììíûõìåðîïðèÿòèé ïðåäóñìîòðåíî ðåøåíèå ñëåäóþùèõ îñíîâ-íûõ çàäà÷:

1. Ïðîâåäåíèå ðàáîò ïî òåõíè÷åñêîìó è òåõíîëîãè-÷åñêîìó ïåðåîñíàùåíèþ ïðîèçâîäñòâ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåìñîâðåìåííûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé è íîâåéøåãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿäëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ èõ ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ ìåæäóíàðîäíûì òðåáîâà-íèÿì GMP ïî âûïóñêó êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíîé íà âíóòðåí-íåì è âíåøíåì ðûíêàõ áèîïðîäóêöèè.

2. Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ñóùåñòâóþùèõ è ðàçðàáîòêàíîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ – ïîëèâàëåíòíûõ, êîìï-ëåêñíûõ, àññîöèèðîâàííûõ, ñóáúåäèíè÷íûõ, ñèíòåòè÷åñ-êèõ è ãåííî-èíæåíåðíûõ âàêöèí, ñûâîðîòîê è äèàãíîñòè-êóìîâ, ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ ýêñòðåííîé çàùèòû æèâîòíûõ îòîñîáî îïàñíûõ áîëåçíåé ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìàññîâûõ ôîðìïðèìåíåíèÿ (àýðîçîëüíî, ñ êîðìîì è ïèòüåâîé âîäîé).

3. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà íîâûõ âèäîâ ïðîäóê-öèè: õèìèêîôàðìàöåâòè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ (ïðåáèîòèêè,ðàñòâîðû íà îñíîâå àíòèáèîòèêîâ, áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûåâåùåñòâà, èììóíîñòèìóëÿòîðû).

4. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîãî ðåôåðåíñ-öåí-òðà õðàíåíèÿ è ïîääåðæàíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ øòàììîâáàêòåðèé è âèðóñîâ, ïåðåâèâàåìûõ êóëüòóð êëåòîê, èñïîëü-çóåìûõ â àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè.

5. Ñîçäàíèå îòðàñëåâîé ñèñòåìû êà÷åñòâà ïðîäóêöèè.6. Ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå è ðàçðàáîòêà íîâûõ ýêîëîãè-

÷åñêè áåçîïàñíûõ è ðåñóðñîñáåðåãàþùèõ òåõíîëîãèé ïðî-ìûøëåííîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà áèîïðåïàðàòîâ ïóòåì ïðèîáðå-òåíèÿ íîâûõ óñòðîéñòâ è îáîðóäîâàíèÿ.

7. Óâåëè÷åíèå âûïóñêà áèîïðåïàðàòîâ â ìåëêîé ðàñ-ôàñîâêå è óäîáíîé äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ôîðìå äëÿ ôåðìåðñêèõè êðåñòüÿíñêèõ õîçÿéñòâ ïðè èíäèâèäóàëüíîé è ìàññîâîéîáðàáîòêå æèâîòíûõ èëè îäíîâðåìåííîé èììóíèçàöèè èõîò íåñêîëüêèõ áîëåçíåé, à òàêæå ïðåïàðàòîâ íå òðåáóþùèõîñîáûõ óñëîâèé ïðè èõ õðàíåíèè è òðàíñïîðòèðîâêå.

8. Ïðîâåäåíèå íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ðàáîò â íà-ïðàâëåíèÿõ:

– ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ ïðîìûøëåííûõ òåõíîëîãèé èç-ãîòîâëåíèÿ âåòåðèíàðíûõ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ ñ öåëüþ ïîâûøå-íèÿ èõ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè è çàùèòíûõ ñâîéñòâ: äèàãíîñòè-êóìîâ – äî 95–100%, æèâûõ âàêöèí – äî 90–95% è óáèòûõ–85–90%;

– ñîçäàíèÿ íîâûõ ñðåäñòâ ïðîôèëàêòèêè è äèàãíîñòè-êè îñîáî îïàñíûõ è ìàëîèçó÷åííûõ, ðàíåå íå ðåãèñòðèðó-åìûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ íà îñíîâå ñîâðåìåííûõ áèîòåõ-íîëîãè÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ;

– ðàçðàáîòêè è îñâîåíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà îïûòíî-ïðî-ìûøëåííûõ óñòàíîâîê, ñïåöèàëüíûõ áèîðåàêòîðîâ è óíè-âåðñàëüíûõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ëèíèé ñ öåëüþ îðãàíèçàöèèíà áèîïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííûõ è âûñîêîýôôåê-òèâíûõ ãèáêèõ (ìíîãîïðîôèëüíûõ) ïðîèçâîäñòâ;

– êîíñòðóèðîâàíèÿ è îñâîåíèÿ â ïðîèçâîäñòâå îïûòíî-ïðîìûøëåííîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ;

– óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ äåéñòâóþùèõ è ñîçäàíèÿ ïðèí-öèïèàëüíî íîâûõ ñèñòåì, ïîâûøàþùèõ ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþáåçîïàñíîñòü áèîïðîèçâîäñòâ, íàäåæíîñòü è ýôôåêòèâíîñòüðàáîòû î÷èñòíûõ ñîîðóæåíèé, à òàêæå îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõïåðåðàáîòêó ïîëó÷åííûõ îòõîäîâ â ïîëåçíûå ïðîäóêòû;

– ñîçäàíèÿ è âíåäðåíèÿ ñîâðåìåííîé èíôîðìàöèîí-

íîé êîìïüþòåðíîé ñèñòåìû äëÿ îïòèìàëüíîãî ðåøåíèÿçàäà÷ ïëàíèðîâàíèÿ è óïðàâëåíèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâîì. [5,7]

Ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ ïîääåðæêà äîëæíà îáåñïå÷èâàòüñÿàäåêâàòíûì âëîæåíèåì ðåñóðñîâ â ñôåðó áèîèíäóñòðèè,äîñòóïíîñòüþ áàíêîâñêèõ êðåäèòîâ äëÿ ýòîãî ñåãìåíòà ýêî-íîìèêè è ôîðìèðîâàíèåì áëàãîïðèÿòíîé ñðåäû ïî îòíîøå-íèþ ê îòå÷åñòâåííîìó àãðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîìó ïðîèçâîäñòâó.

Óñïåøíîå ðåøåíèå âûøåïåðå÷èñëåííûõ çàäà÷ ïîçâî-ëèò ïðåäïðèÿòèÿì áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè ÐÔîáåñïå÷èòü äî 90% ïîòðåáíîñòè Ðîññèè â âåòåðèíàðíûõáèîïðåïàðàòàõ, çàíÿòü âåäóùåå ìåñòî ñðåäè ïðîèçâîäèòå-ëåé ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ æèâîòíûõ, à òàêæå ïîçâî-ëèò óâåëè÷èòü äîëþ ïðîäóêöèè íà ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ ðûíêàõ.

Áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ, íàðÿäó ñ èíôîðìàòèçàöèåé, ñòàíîâèò-ñÿ îäíèì èõ ãëàâíûõ íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ íàïðàâëåíèéXXI â., îïðåäåëÿþùèõ óðîâåíü öèâèëèçîâàííîñòè ãîñó-äàðñòâà. Âîò ïî÷åìó åå ðàçâèòèå â íàøåé ñòðàíå ÿâëÿåòñÿñòðàòåãè÷åñêîé çàäà÷åé, íåîáõîäèìîé äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿñòàòóñà âåëèêîé äåðæàâû.

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Àíàëèòè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê ¹ 17 (674) î ñîñòîÿíèè ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîéîáñòàíîâêè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ïðåäïðèíèìàåìûõ ïðîòèâî-ýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèÿõ ïî íåäîïóùåíèþ ìàññîâûõ çàáîëå-âàíèé ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ (ê "ïðàâèòåëüñòâåííîìó÷àñó" 414-ãî çàñåäàíèÿ Ñîâåòà Ôåäåðàöèè Ôåäåðàëüíîãî Ñîáðà-íèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè 14 èþíÿ 2017 ãîäà).2. Èííîâàöèîííûå òåõíîëîãèè ïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà âÀÏÊ ÐÔ. / Â.Í. Áîðîâîé, À.ß. Ñàìóéëåíêî, Í.Â. Ìåëüíèê, Ë.È.Ìàêàðîâà, Å.Â. Ñóññêèé, Ñ.À. Ãðèíü, Ð.Í. Ìåëüíèê, Ñ.Í. ßðöåâ, Ñ.Ã.Äðåñâÿííèêîâà. // Â ñáîðíèêå: Íàó÷íûå îñíîâû ïðîèçâîäñòâà èîáåñïå÷åíèÿ êà÷åñòâà áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ ÀÏÊ Ìàòåðè-àëû Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé ïðàêòè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè, ïîñâÿùåííîé 95-ëåòèþ Àðìàâèðñêîé áèîôàáðèêè. 2016. Ñ. 241-247.3. Ýâîëþöèîííûå ïðîöåññû è çàäà÷è ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòèáèîïðåïàðàòîâ. / Ñ.À. Ãðèíü, Ð.Í. Ìåëüíèê, Ë.Ê. Êèø, Í.À. Áîíäà-ðåâà, À.ß. Ñàìóéëåíêî, È.Í. Ìàòâååâà// Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå.2018. ¹ 6. Ñ. 11-13.4. Ðîëü áèîëîãè÷åñêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè â îáåñïå÷åíèè ïðîäî-âîëüñòâåííîé áåçîïàñíîñòè Ðîññèè / Â.Í. Øåâêîïëÿñ, Â.Í. Áîðî-âîé, À.ß. Ñàìóéëåíêî, Í.Â. Ìåëüíèê, Ì.Â. Øàáåéêèíà //Â ñáîðíèêå:Íàó÷íûå îñíîâû ïðîèçâîäñòâà è îáåñïå÷åíèÿ êà÷åñòâà áèîëîãè-÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ äëÿ ÀÏÊ Ìàòåðèàëû Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé ïðàêòè-÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè, ïîñâÿùåííîé 95-ëåòèþ Àðìàâèðñêîé áèî-ôàáðèêè. 2016. Ñ. 18-28.5.Ýëåêòðîííûé ðåñóðñ: ýêñïåðòíî-àíàëèòè÷åñêèé öåíòð àãðîáèç-íåñà "ÀÁ-Öåíòð" www.ab-centre.ru.6. WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: second report. WHO technicalreport series 982. Geneva: WHO; 2013. 139 p.7. Äîêòðèíà ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîé áåçîïàñíîñòè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäå-ðàöèè, óòâåðæäåíà Óêàçîì Ïðåçèäåíòà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè îò21 ÿíâàðÿ 2020 ã. N 20., ñòð. 1-11.

References1. Analytical Bulletin No. 17 (674) on the state of the epizootic situationin the Russian Federation taken anti-epizootic measures to preventmass diseases of farm animals (by the "government hour" of the 414thmeeting of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of theRussian Federation on June 14, 2017).2. Innovative technologies of industrial production in the agro-industrialcomplex of the Russian Federation. / V.N. Borovoy, A.Ya. Samuilenko,N.V. Melnik, L.I. Makarova, E.V. Sussky, S.A. Grin, R.N. Melnik, S.N.Yartsev, S.G. Dresvyannikov. // In the collection: Scientific fundamentalsof the production and quality assurance of biological preparations for theagro-industrial complex Materials of the International PracticalConference dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the Armavir BiologicalFactory. 2016.S. 241-247.3. Evolutionary processes and tasks of increasing the effectiveness ofbiological products. / S.A. Grin, R.N. Melnik, L.K. Kish, N.A. Bondareva,A.Ya. Samuilenko, I.N. Matveeva // Veterinary medicine and feeding.2018. No. 6. S. 11-13.4. The role of the biological industry in ensuring food security in Russia/ V.N. Shevkoplyas, V.N. Borovoy, A.Ya. Samuilenko, N.V. Melnik, M.V.Shabeykina // In the collection: Scientific foundations of the productionand quality assurance of biological products for the agro-industrialcomplex Materials of the International Practical Conference dedicated tothe 95th anniversary of the Armavir Biological Factory. 2016.S. 18-28.5. Electronic resource: expert and analytical center of agribusiness "AB-Center" www.ab-centre.ru.6. WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: second report. WHO technicalreport series 982. Geneva: WHO; 2013.13 p.7. The Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, approvedby decree of the President of the Russian Federation on January 21,2020 N 20. 1-11.


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-9ÓÄÊ 378.1

Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé è èííîâàöèîííîéäåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ ÌÃÀÂÌèÁ"ÌÂÀ èìåíè Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà"

Ïîçÿáèí Ñ.Â., äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð,âðèî ðåêòîðà, [email protected]Ãíåçäèëîâà Ë.À., äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð,è.î. ïðîðåêòîðà ïî íàóêå è èííîâàöèÿì,[email protected]Êî÷èø È.È., àêàäåìèê ÐÀÍ, äîêòîðñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð, è.î. ïðîðåêòîðàïî ó÷åáíîé ðàáîîòå, [email protected]Òèíàåâà Å. À., äîêòîð áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð,íà÷àëüíèê íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî îòäåëà,[email protected]

Ìîñêîâñêàÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííàÿ àêàäåìèÿ âåòåðèíàðíîéìåäèöèíû è áèîòåõíîëîãèè –ÌÂÀ è ìåíè Ê. È. Ñêðÿáèíà, Ìîñêâà

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: íàó÷íàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü, èííîâàöèîí-íàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü, íàóêîìåòðè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëè, íàó÷íûéïîòåíöèàë.

Ðåçþìå. Â ñòàòüå ïðèâåäåíû îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿíàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé è èííîâàöèîííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòèàêàäåìèè, íàèáîëåå çíà÷èìûå ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé,îñâåùåíà íàó÷íî-îðãàíèçàöèîííàÿ è äîãîâîðíàÿ äåÿòåëü-íîñòü íà ñîçäàíèå íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè.

Îäíèì èç êëþ÷åâûõ íàïðàâëåíèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâà-òåëüñêîé è èííîâàöèîííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè àêàäåìèè ÿâëÿåò-ñÿ ðàçðàáîòêà ñîâðåìåííûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé äëÿ îöåíêè ïðî-äóêòèâíîãî ïîòåíöèàëà è ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííîé ïòèöû; ðàçðàáîòêà ñèñòåìû ìîíèòîðèíãà áàêòå-ðèé-ïàòîãåíîâ íà ðàçëè÷íûõ ñòàäèÿõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãîïðîöåññà âûðàùèâàíèÿ è ñîäåðæàíèÿ êóð; îöåíêà âîçäåé-ñòâèÿ êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ íà ìèêðîôëîðóêèøå÷íèêà è ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ïòèöû ÿè÷íîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿïðîäóêòèâíîñòè; ðàçðàáîòêà ñèñòåìû ïðîôèëàêòèêè áàêòå-ðèàëüíûõ ïàòîãåíîâ ó êóð-íåñóøåê íà îñíîâå ïðèìåíåíèÿïðîáèîòèêîâ è ôèòîáèîòèêîâ, çàìåíÿþùèõ àíòèáèîòèêè.Â ðåçóëüòàòå èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ðàçðàáîòêå ñèñòåìû êîìï-ëåêñíîé îöåíêè ìîðôîôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ è ìèêðîáèîëîãè-÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé ïîëîâûõ êëåòîê áûêîâ-ïðîèçâîäèòå-ëåé ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ìåòîäîâ êîíòðîëÿ êà÷åñòâà è ãåíå-òè÷åñêèõ äåôåêòîâ ïëåìåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà óñòàíîâëåíûìîðôîôóíêöèîíàëüíûå è ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëèïîëîâûõ êëåòîê, íà îñíîâàíèè êîòîðûõ ðàçðàáîòàí àëãî-ðèòì êîìïëåêñíîé îöåíêè ïîëîâûõ êëåòîê áûêîâ-ïðîèçâî-äèòåëåé; Ðàçðàáîòàíû ÒÓ "Øêóðû ñåâåðíîãî îëåíÿ íåâû-

Condition and perspective of researchand innovation activities in the Moscowstate Academy of Veterinary Medicineand Biotechnology - MVA by K.I. SkryabinPozyabin S.V., Gnezdilova L.A.,Kochish I. I., Tinaeva E. A.Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine andBiotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin

Key words: science, innovation, scientometric indicators,scientific potential.

Abstract. The main directions of the research and innovationactivities of the Academy, the most significant research results,the scientific and organizational and contractual activities forthe creation of scientific and technical products are described inthe article. The article describes the main directions of theresearch and innovation activities of the Academy, the mostsignificant research results, highlights the scientific,organizational and contractual activities for the creation ofscientific and technical products.

One of the key areas of the research and innovation activitiesof the Academy is the development of modern biotechnologiesto assess the productive potential and resistance of poultry;development of a system for monitoring pathogenic bacteria atvarious stages of the technological process of growing andkeeping chickens; assessment of the impact of feed additives ofvarious types on the intestinal microflora and the productivity ofpoultry in egg production; development of a system for theprevention of bacterial pathogens in laying hens based on the useof probiotics and phytobiotics that replace antibiotics. As aresult of research to develop a system for the comprehensiveassessment of morphofunctional and microbiological parametersof sex cells of bulls-producers, improving quality control methodsand genetic defects of breeding material, morphofunctional andmicrobiological parameters of sex cells have been established,on the basis of which an algorithm for a comprehensiveassessment of germ cells of bulls has been developed; The TU"Reindeer hides" was developed, including a new approach tosorting reindeer hides, which is based on the assessment of thequality of unfinished reindeer hides of different age and sexgroups and the principle of a comprehensive assessment of thequality of harvested raw materials with their subsequentseparation for their intended purpose and maximum use, whichis the basis for the further development of domestic reindeerhusbandry; In the field of reconstructive surgery of small domesticand agricultural animals, the use of computer and magneticresonance imaging methods for various orthopedic animalpathologies has been tested.


Ïîçÿáèí Ñ.Â.Pozyabin S.V.

Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé è èííîâàöèîííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ ÌÃÀÂÌèÁ "ÌÂÀèìåíè Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà"/ Ïîçÿáèí Ñ.Â. [è äð.] //Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. – 2020. –¹2 – Ñ. – 37-40.Condition and perspective of research and innovation activities in the Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine andBiotechnology - MVA by K.I. Skryabin/ Pozyabin S.V. [et.al] // Veterinaria i kormlenie. – 2020. — ¹2 — P. 37-40.

äåëàííûå", âêëþ÷àþùèå íîâûé ïîäõîä ê ñîðòèðîâêå øêóðñåâåðíîãî îëåíÿ, â îñíîâå êîòîðîãî ëåæèò îöåíêà êà÷åñòâàíåâûäåëàííûõ øêóð ñåâåðíîãî îëåíÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ïîëîâîç-ðàñòíûõ ãðóïï è ïðèíöèï êîìïëåêñíîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâàçàãîòàâëèâàåìîãî ñûðüÿ ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì åãî ðàçäåëåíèåìïî öåëåâîìó íàçíà÷åíèþ è ìàêñèìàëüíî ïîëíîìó èñ-ïîëüçîâàíèþ, ÿâëÿþùèéñÿ áàçîâûì äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâè-òèÿ äîìàøíåãî ñåâåðíîãî îëåíåâîäñòâà; Â îáëàñòè ðåêîíñò-ðóêòèâíî-âîññòàíîâèòåëüíîé õèðóðãèè ìåëêèõ äîìàøíèõ èñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ àïðîáèðîâàíî ïðèìåíå-


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íèå ìåòîäîâ êîìïüþòåðíîé è ìàãíèòîðåçîíàíñíîé òîìîãðà-ôèè ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ îðòîïåäè÷åñêèõ ïàòîëîãèÿõ æèâîòíûõ.

ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ ÌÃÀÂÌèÁ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ñòàðåéøèõâóçîâ Ðîññèè, îñíîâàííûì â 1919 ã. â ã. Ìîñêâå è âõîäèò âïëåÿäó èçâåñòíûõ îáðàçîâàòåëüíûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé Ðîññèè âîáëàñòè âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû, çîîòåõíèè è áèîòåõíîëî-ãèè. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ êîëëåêòèâ àêàäåìèè âîçãëàâëÿåòäîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð Ñ.Â. Ïîçÿáèí.

Àêàäåìèÿ ðàñïîëàãàåò âûñîêîêâàëèôèöèðîâàííûìïðîôåññîðñêî-ïðåïîäàâàòåëüñêèì ñîñòàâîì, èìååò íåîá-õîäèìóþ ìàòåðèàëüíóþ áàçó äëÿ ïîäãîòîâêè ñïåöèàëèñ-òîâ, áàêàëàâðîâ, ìàãèñòðîâ, àñïèðàíòîâ è ïðîâåäåíèÿ íàó÷-íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé íà âûñîêîì ìåòîäè÷åñêîì óðîâíå, â íåéôóíêöèîíèðóþò èçâåñòíûå íàó÷íûå øêîëû.

Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêàÿ ðàáîòà â àêàäåìèè íàïðàâ-ëåíà íà ðåøåíèå îäíîé èç âàæíåéøèõ çàäà÷ Ôåäåðàëüíîéíàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé ïðîãðàììû ðàçâèòèÿ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿé-ñòâà íà 2017–2025 ãîäû – ôîðìèðîâàíèå óñëîâèé äëÿ ðàç-âèòèÿ íàó÷íîé, íàó÷íî – òåõíè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ïîëó-÷åíèå ðåçóëüòàòîâ, íåîáõîäèìûõ äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ òåõíîëîãèé,ïðîäóêöèè, òîâàðîâ è îêàçàíèÿ óñëóã, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõíåçàâèñèìîñòü è êîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíîñòü îòå÷åñòâåííîãîàãðîïðîìûøëåííîãî êîìïëåêñà, à, ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïðîäî-âîëüñòâåííóþ áåçîïàñíîñòü ñòðàíû. Ñòðàòåãèåé ðàçâèòèÿÿâëÿåòñÿ îðèåíòàöèÿ íà ïðîâåäåíèå ïðèîðèòåòíûõ ïðè-êëàäíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ïîëó÷åíèå çíà÷èìûõ êîíêðåòíûõðåçóëüòàòîâ, âîñòðåáîâàííûõ ïîòåíöèàëüíûìè ðàáîòîäà-òåëÿìè, ïðèâëå÷åíèå èíâåñòèöèé â àãðîïðîìûøëåííûéêîìïëåêñ. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ âûïîëíÿþòñÿ ñîâìåñòíî ñ âåäó-ùèìè ó÷åíûìè íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ è îáðàçîâàòåëü-íûõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé ÐÀÍ, ÌÑÕ ÐÔ, â òîì ÷èñëå âõîäÿùèõ âÀññîöèàöèþ "Âåòåðèíàðèÿ, çîîòåõíèÿ è áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ".

Ïðèîðèòåòíûìè íàïðàâëåíèÿìè íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâà-íèé ÿâëÿþòñÿ:

– Íàó÷íîå îáåñïå÷åíèå ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòèïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîâîäñòâà, ïòèöåâîäñòâà,ðûáîâîäñòâà è ï÷åëîâîäñòâà.

– Ñîçäàíèå ýôôåêòèâíîé ñèñòåìû äèàãíîñòèêè, ïðî-ôèëàêòèêè çàáîëåâàíèé èíôåêöèîííîé è íåèíôåêöèîííîéýòèîëîãèè è ëå÷åíèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ, â ò.÷. ìåëêèõäîìàøíèõ è ýêçîòè÷åñêèõ æèâîòíûõ, íà îñíîâå êîìïëåêñ-íûõ ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèîðèòåòíûõ ïðèêëàäíûõ èññëå-äîâàíèé.

– Ñîçäàíèå íàó÷íî-îáîñíîâàííîé ñèñòåìû êîðìëå-íèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ, â ò.÷. ïòèöû íà îñ-íîâå îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ñáàëàíñèðîâàííîñòè ìåòàáîëèçìà, íåîá-õîäèìîãî äëÿ ïîääåðæàíèÿ âûñîêîé ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè èîïòèìàëüíîé äëèòåëüíîñòè õîçÿéñòâåííîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ.

– Ïîâûøåíèå óðîâíÿ ñåëåêöèîííî-ïëåìåííîé ðàáî-òû, ñîçäàíèå íîâûõ ïîðîä, òèïîâ æèâîòíûõ ñ öåëåâûìèïàðàìåòðàìè ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ìîëåêó-ëÿðíî-ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì â êà÷åñòâå ìàðêåðîâ õîçÿé-ñòâåííî-ïîëåçíûõ ïðèçíàêîâ.

– Ôîðìèðîâàíèå êà÷åñòâà, îöåíêà ïîòðåáèòåëüñêèõñâîéñòâ è ýêñïåðòèçà ñûðüÿ è ïðîäóêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñ-õîæäåíèÿ, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ìåòîäîâ ïåðâè÷íîé îáðà-áîòêè è òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîé ïåðåðàáîòêè æèâîòíîãî ñûðüÿ èïðîäóêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ.

Íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ â àêàäåìèè ðàçâèâàþòñÿ ïî ñëå-äóþùèì îòðàñëÿì íàóêè: áèîëîãè÷åñêèå, ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííûå (âåòåðèíàðèÿ è çîîòåõíèÿ) è òåõíè÷åñêèå, è ïîëó-÷àþò ôèíàíñîâóþ ïîääåðæêó â ðàìêàõ ãðàíòîâ Ôåäåðàëü-íûõ öåëåâûõ ïðîãðàìì, Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ, íàó÷íûõ ôîí-äîâ ÐÍÔ, ÐÔÔÈ ñ îáùèì îáúåìîì ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ çà ïÿòüëåò (2015–2019 ãã.) áîëåå 240 ìëí. ðóá.

Ðàçðàáîòêè èìåþò âûñîêóþ ïðèêëàäíóþ çíà÷èìîñòü èïîòåíöèàë êîììåðöèàëèçàöèè, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò åæåãîäíî çàê-ëþ÷àòü äîãîâîðà íà ñîçäàíèå íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóê-öèè íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ñ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿìè ðàçëè÷íûõ ôîðìñîáñòâåííîñòè. Òîëüêî â 2019 ãîäó èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâåäå-

íû ïî 66 äîãîâîðàì è ñîãëàøåíèÿì ñ îáùèì îáúåì ôèíàí-ñèðîâàíèÿ 69,00 ìëí. ðóáëåé. Íàó÷íîé ðàáîòîé â àêàäåìèèçàíèìàþòñÿ ñîòðóäíèêè 24 (100%) êàôåäð. Îáùåå ÷èñëîèññëåäîâàòåëåé, âûïîëíÿâøèõ ÍÈÐ â 2019 ãîäó, ñîñòàâèëî276 ÷åëîâåê, èç íèõ 9 àêàäåìèêîâ è ÷ë.-êîððåñïîíäåíòîâÐÀÍ; 68 (24,6 %) äîêòîðîâ è 160 (58%) êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê, àòàêæå 124 àñïèðàíòà, 20 ñîèñêàòåëåé è áîëåå 600 ñòóäåí-òîâ. Áîëåå ïÿòèäåñÿòè íàó÷íî-ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèõ ðàáîòíèêîâ,àñïèðàíòîâ âûïîëíÿþò èññëåäîâàíèÿ â ðàìêàõ ãðàíòîâÐÔÔÈ, ÐÍÔ, ÔÖÏ, ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàäàíèÿ ÌÑÕ ÐÔ.

Îäíèì èç êëþ÷åâûõ íàïðàâëåíèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâà-òåëüñêîé è èííîâàöèîííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè àêàäåìèè ÿâëÿåò-ñÿ ðàçðàáîòêà ñîâðåìåííûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé äëÿ îöåíêè ïðî-äóêòèâíîãî ïîòåíöèàëà è ðåçèñòåíòíîñòè ñåëüñêîõî-çÿéñòâåííîé ïòèöû, â ðàìêàõ ãðàíòà Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà "Ðàçðà-áîòêà ñîâðåìåííûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé äëÿ îöåíêè ýêñïðåññèèãåíîâ â ñâÿçè ñ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòüþ è óñòîé÷èâîñòüþ ê çàáîëå-âàíèÿì â ïòèöåâîäñòâå". Â 2017 ãîäó ñîçäàíà Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿëàáîðàòîðèÿ ìîëåêóëÿðíîé ãåíåòèêè è ãåíîìèêè ïòèöû íàêàôåäðå çîîãèãèåíû è ïòèöåâîäñòâà èì. À.Ê. Äàíèëîâîé èóæå ïîëó÷åíû çíà÷èòåëüíûå íàó÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû. Ðóêîâî-äèòåëü íàó÷íîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ àêàäåìèê ÐÀÍ È.È. Êî÷èø.

Îñíîâíûìè íàïðàâëåíèÿìè èññëåäîâàíèé ëàáîðàòî-ðèè ÿâëÿþòñÿ: ñîçäàíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ áèîòåõíîëîãèé äëÿîöåíêè ýêñïðåññèè ãåíîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòüþ èóñòîé÷èâîñòüþ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé ïòèöû ê íåáëàãîï-ðèÿòíûì ôàêòîðàì; ðàçðàáîòêà ñèñòåìû ìîíèòîðèíãà áàê-òåðèé-ïàòîãåíîâ íà ðàçëè÷íûõ ñòàäèÿõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãîïðîöåññà âûðàùèâàíèÿ è ñîäåðæàíèÿ êóð; îöåíêà âîçäåé-ñòâèÿ êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê ðàçëè÷íûõ òèïîâ íà ìèêðîôëîðóêèøå÷íèêà è ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ïòèöû ÿè÷íîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿïðîäóêòèâíîñòè; ðàçðàáîòêà ñèñòåìû ïðîôèëàêòèêè áàêòå-ðèàëüíûõ ïàòîãåíîâ ó êóðíåñóøåê íà îñíîâå ïðèìåíåíèÿïðîáèîòèêîâ è ôèòîáèîòèêîâ, çàìåíÿþùèõ àíòèáèîòèêè.Ëàáîðàòîðèÿ îñíàùåíà ñîâðåìåííûì îáîðóäîâàíèåì: âû-ñîêîïðîèçâîäèòåëüíûé ñåêâåíàòîð Ion Gene Studio S5System; àíàëèçàòîð LightCycler 96 Instrument äëÿ ÏÖÐ-àíàëèçà îëèãîíóêëåîòèäîâ â ðåàëüíîì âðåìåíè; áîêñ äëÿñòåðèëüíûõ ðàáîò (ìîäåëü UVT-S (-AR) è äðóãîå îáîðóäîâà-íèå. Óíèêàëüíîñòü ëàáîðàòîðèè çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â ïðîâåäåíèèèññëåäîâàíèé ïî àíàëèçó ýêñïðåññèè ãåíîâ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòèÿè÷íîé ïòèöû ñ îäíîâðåìåííûì êîìïëåêñíûì àíàëèçîìñîñòîÿíèÿ ìèêðîôëîðû æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íîãî òðàêòà.

Ïî îñíîâíûì ðåçóëüòàòàì, ïîëó÷åííûì â õîäå âûïîë-íåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, çà 2017–2019 ãã. ïðîâåäåí îáçîðìåòîäèê è ïðîòîêîëîâ ïî èçó÷åíèþ äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîéýêñïðåññèè ìåòîäîì ïîëíîòðàíñêðèïòîìíîãî ñåêâåíèðî-âàíèÿ (RNASeq) ãåíîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ïðèçíàêàìè õîçÿé-ñòâåííîãî çíà÷åíèÿ, è ðàçðàáîòàíà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ òåõ-íîëîãèÿ, íà îñíîâàíèè ÷åãî ïîäãîòîâëåí èíôîðìàöèîííûéñòåíä "Íóòðèãåíîìèêà: èçó÷åíèå âëèÿíèÿ ïèòàòåëüíûõ âå-ùåñòâ íà ýêñïðåññèþ ãåíà". Ïîëó÷åííûé ïåðå÷åíü îòî-áðàííûõ 34 ãåíîâ, ó÷àñòâóþùèõ â ôîðìèðîâàíèè ïðèçíà-êîâ ïðîäóêòèâíîñòè êóð-íåñóøåê è ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ ìåòîäè-êà îïðåäåëåíèÿ ýêñïðåññèè ãåíîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ïðîäóê-òèâíûìè ïðèçíàêàìè ó êóð-íåñóøåê, ïðè ïîìîùè ÏÖÐ-ÐÂïîçâîëèëè îöåíèòü âîçäåéñòâèå êîðìîâûõ äîáàâîê ðàçëè÷-íûõ òèïîâ íà ìèêðîôëîðó êèøå÷íèêà è ïðîäóêòèâíîñòüïòèöû ÿè÷íîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ.

Â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ñîâðåìåííûìè òåíäåíöèÿìè ðàçâè-òèÿ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà â ÐÔ è çà ðóáåæîì, âûïîëíÿÿ ÓêàçÏðåçèäåíòà ÐÔ îò 21 èþëÿ 2016 ã ¹ 350 " Î ìåðàõ ïîðåàëèçàöèè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé ïîëèòè-êè â èíòåðåñàõ ðàçâèòèÿ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà" è, ðåàëèçóÿïîëîæåíèÿ Äîêòðèíû ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîé áåçîïàñíîñòèÐîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, óòâåðæäåííîé óêàçîì ÏðåçèäåíòàÐÔ îò 30 ÿíâàðÿ 2010 ã. ¹ 120, ñîòðóäíèêè êàôåäðû äèàãíî-ñòèêè áîëåçíåé, òåðàïèè, àêóøåðñòâà è ðåïðîäóêöèè æèâîò-íûõ (ðóêîâîäèòåëü òåìû – äîöåíò Áîðóíîâà Ñ.Ì.) ïðîâîäè-ëè íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêóþ ðàáîòó ïî ðàçðàáîòêå ñèñòå-ìû êîìïëåêñíîé îöåíêè ìîðôîôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ è ìèêðî-


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áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé ïîëîâûõ êëåòîê áûêîâ-ïðîèç-âîäèòåëåé, ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèþ ìåòîäîâ êîíòðîëÿ êà÷åñòâàè ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ äåôåêòîâ ïëåìåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà.

Îñíîâíàÿ ñòðàòåãèÿ ýòîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ – ðàçðàáîòêà èâíåäðåíèå â ýêîíîìèêó ñòðàíû íîâûõ ïîäõîäîâ õîçÿé-ñòâåííîé è êîíòðîëüíî-íàäçîðíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, à èìåííîñîçäàíèå è ïðèìåíåíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ íîðì, ñòàíäàðòîâ èàëãîðèòìîâ ðàáîòû ñ ãåíåòè÷åñêèì ìàòåðèàëîì êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèéóñòàíîâëåíû ìîðôîôóíêöèîíàëüíûå è ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñ-êèå ïîêàçàòåëè ïîëîâûõ êëåòîê, íà îñíîâàíèè êîòîðûõðàçðàáîòàí àëãîðèòì êîìïëåêñíîé îöåíêè ïîëîâûõ êëåòîêáûêîâ-ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé. Ìîäèôèöèðîâàí ìåòîä èäåíòèôè-êàöèè ñïåðìàòîçîèäîâ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì êðàñèòåëÿ Farelliïðè êëèíè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ áèîìàòåðèàëà, ïîçâîëÿþ-ùèé îáúåêòèâíî êîëè÷åñòâåííî îöåíèâàòü ìîðôîëîãè÷åñ-êèå îñîáåííîñòè ñïåðìèåâ.

Óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ïîñòóïàþùàÿ â ÐÔ èç-çà ðóáåæàñïåðìà, ðàçäåëåííàÿ ïî ïîëó, ñîäåðæèò ïàòîëîãè÷åñêèåôîðìû ïîëîâûõ êëåòîê (ôðàãìåíòàöèÿ ÄÍÊ â ãîëîâêå,îòêëîíåíèå îò áèîìåõàíè÷åñêîé îñè äâèæåíèÿ, ìèòîõîíä-ðèàëüíàÿ äèñôóíêöèÿ), îêîëî 10% ñïåðìîäîç èç çàðóáåæ-íûõ ñòðàí íåñóò àíîìàëüíûå ãåíû, ñíèæàþùèå óðîâåíüîïëîäîòâîðÿåìîñòè êîðîâ, æèçíåñïîñîáíîñòü ìîëîäíÿêà.Ýòî ïðèâîäèò ê ýìáðèîíàëüíîé ñìåðòíîñòè è àáîðòàì, àâûäåëåííûå èç 40% èññëåäîâàííûõ ñïåðìîäîç ìèêðîîðãà-íèçìû P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Campilobacter spp., Mycoplasmaspp., Mycoplasma bovigenetalium, Staphylococcus spp.,Streptococcus spp., Ureaplasma diversum, Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus flavus ìîãóò ïðåäñòàâëÿòü ïîòåíöèàëüíóþ áèî-ëîãè÷åñêóþ îïàñíîñòü äëÿ æèâîòíîâîäñòâà ÐÔ.

Âïåðâûå â ÐÔ íàó÷íî îáîñíîâàíî è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîïîäòâåðæäåíî ïîâðåæäàþùåå äåéñòâèå ëàçåðíîãî îáëó÷å-íèÿ íà ñïåðìàòîçîèäû áûêîâ-ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé ïðè ïîëó÷å-íèè ñåêñèðîâàííîãî ñåìåíè è ïðåäñòàâëåí äåòàëüíûé áèî-ôèçè÷åñêèé ñêðèíèíã èññëåäóåìûõ îáðàçöîâ ñïåðìîïðîá,ðàñêðûâàþùèé ïàòîìîðôèçì ïîëîâûõ êëåòîê ïîñëå âîç-äåéñòâèÿ ëàçåðíûõ ëó÷åé ñ ó÷åòîì èõ äëèíû âîëíû è ìîù-íîñòè. Ïðåäñòàâëåíû äàííûå ïî ôîòîñåíñèáèëèçèðóþùå-ìó ýôôåêòó ïðè ëàçåðíîì, ôëþîðîõðîìíîì è ýëåêòðîìàã-íèòíîì âîçäåéñòâèè íà ïîëîâûå êëåòêè.

Âïåðâûå â Ðîññèè ðàçðàáîòàíû ìîëåêóëÿðíî-ãåíåòè-÷åñêèå ìåòîäû èäåíòèôèêàöèè ãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ìóòàöèé âñïåðìå áûêîâ-ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà,ïîñòóïàþùåé â ÐÔ èç-çà ðóáåæà: áðàõèñïèíàëüíûé ñèíä-ðîì, êîìïëåêñíûé ïîðîê ïîçâîíî÷íèêà, íåäîñòàòîê àäãå-çèè ëåéêîöèòîâ, íåäîñòàòîê óðèäèíìîíîôîñôàòñèíòåòà-çû, äåôèöèò ôàêòîðà ñâåðòûâàíèÿ XI, äåôèöèò õîëåñòåðè-íà, öèòðóëëèíåìèþ,

Â ðàìêàõ ðåàëèçàöèè èññëåäîâàíèé ïî èñïîëíåíèþãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàäàíèÿ Ìèíèñòåðñòâà ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿé-ñòâà ÐÔ ñîòðóäíèêàìè àêàäåìèè ñîçäàíû ñëåäóþùèå ðå-çóëüòàòû èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè:

– Ðàçðàáîòàíû ìåòîäè÷åñêèå óêàçàíèÿ ïî ðàííåé äèàã-íîñòèêå è ïðîôèëàêòèêå èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé (ãåðïåñ-âèðóñíîé áîëåçíè) ìîëîäè îñåòðîâûõ ðûá. Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðî-âåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé áóäóò ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ïîääåðæà-íèþ áëàãîïîëó÷íîé ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè, ñíèæåíèþïîòåðü ïîãîëîâüÿ îñåòðîâ â ïëåìåííûõ ðûáîâîäíûõ õîçÿé-ñòâàõ, îáåñïå÷åíèþ ñàíèòàðíîé êóëüòóðû õîçÿéñòâà â ïîë-íîì òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîì öèêëå, ÷òî ïîçâîëèò óâåëè÷èòü ïðî-èçâîäñòâî ïëåìåííîé ðûáîïðîäóêöèè â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäå-ðàöèè (ðóêîâîäèòåëü – ïðîôåññîð Ë.È. Ãðèùåíêî).

– Ðàçðàáîòàíû íàó÷íî-îáîñíîâàííûå ïîäõîäû ê ïåð-âè÷íîé îáðàáîòêå è îöåíêå êà÷åñòâà ñûðüÿ, ïîëó÷àåìîãî âîëåíåâîä÷åñêèõ õîçÿéñòâàõ, åãî çàãîòîâêå è ïåðåðàáîòêå.

– Ðàçðàáîòàíû ÒÓ "Øêóðû ñåâåðíîãî îëåíÿ íåâûäå-ëàííûå", âêëþ÷àþùèå íîâûé ïîäõîä ê ñîðòèðîâêå øêóðñåâåðíîãî îëåíÿ, â îñíîâå êîòîðîãî ëåæèò îöåíêà êà÷åñòâàíåâûäåëàííûõ øêóð ñåâåðíîãî îëåíÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ïîëîâîç-ðàñòíûõ ãðóïï è ïðèíöèï êîìïëåêñíîé îöåíêè êà÷åñòâà

çàãîòàâëèâàåìîãî ñûðüÿ ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì åãî ðàçäåëåíèåìïî öåëåâîìó íàçíà÷åíèþ è ìàêñèìàëüíî ïîëíîìó èñïîëü-çîâàíèþ, ÿâëÿþùèéñÿ áàçîâûì äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿäîìàøíåãî ñåâåðíîãî îëåíåâîäñòâà (ðóêîâîäèòåëü – äî-öåíò Ì.Â. Ãîðáà÷åâà).

– Â îáëàñòè ïëåìåííîãî çâåðîâîäñòâà ðàçðàáîòàíû "Ïðà-âèëà ïî îðãàíèçàöèè ïëåìåííîé ðàáîòû â çâåðîâîä÷åñêèõõîçÿéñòâàõ ÐÔ, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèå èìïîðòîçàìåùåíèþ â çâå-ðîâîä÷åñêîé îòðàñëè íà ñîâðåìåííîì ýòàïå è ñîîòâåòñòâóþ-ùèå ìåæäóíàðîäíûì òðåáîâàíèÿì" (ðóêîâîäèòåëü àêàäå-ìèê ÐÀÍ Í.À. Áàëàêèðåâ). Ïðè íåïîñðåäñòâåííîì ó÷àñòèèñîòðóäíèêîâ êàôåäðû ìåëêîãî æèâîòíîâîäñòâà àêàäåìèè(ïðîôåññîð Î.È. Ôåäîðîâà) îôîðìëåíû ñåëåêöèîííûå äîñ-òèæåíèÿ â îáëàñòè êëåòî÷íîãî ïóøíîãî çâåðîâîäñòâà – äâåïîðîäû íîðîê (àìïàëîñàïôèð è àëüáèíîïàñòåëü). Â îáëàñòèêëèíè÷åñêîé âåòåðèíàðíîé õèðóðãèè èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâî-äÿòñÿ ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì ïðîôåññîðà Ñ.Â. Ïîçÿáèíà.

Ñîâìåñòíî ñ ÔÃÁÓÍ "Èíñòèòóò áèîîðãàíè÷åñêîé õèìèèèì. àêàäåìèêîâ Ì.Ì. Øåìÿêèíà è Þ.À. Îâ÷èííèêîâà" Ðîñ-ñèéñêîé àêàäåìèè íàóê â ðàìêàõ ãðàíòà ÐÍÔ èçó÷åíû âîç-ìîæíîñòè ïðèìåíåíèÿ íîâîãî ïåïòèäà àçåìèîïñèíà è åãîàíàëîãîâ, ÷òî ïîçâîëèò ïîëó÷èòü íîâûé áåçëîïàñòíûé èêîíòðîëèðóåìûé àíåñòåòèê äëÿ æèâîòíûõ è ÷åëîâåêà. Òðàäè-öèîííî ñèíòåòè÷åñêèå êóðàðåïîäîáíûå ïðåïàðàòû õàðàêòå-ðèçóþòñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíûì êîëè÷åñòâîì îñëîæíåíèé, â ïåðâóþî÷åðåäü ñâÿçàííûõ ñ íàðóøåíèåì äûõàíèÿ è ìåòàáîëèçìà.

Â îáëàñòè ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé õèðóðãèè ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿíîâûå ìåòîäèêè ýíäîñêîïè÷åñêèõ ìåòîäîâ â îáëàñòèáèîòåõíîëîãèè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ó êîðîâ è ìåëêîãî ðîãàòîãîñêîòà. Ñîâìåñòíî ñ Âñåðîññèéñêèì èíñòèòóòîì æèâîòíîâîä-ñòâà èìåíè Ê. Ë. Ýðíñòà óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíû ìåòîäèêè ñèíõ-ðîíèçàöèè ïîëîâîãî öèêëà äëÿ îïòèìèçàöèè âçÿòèÿ ÿéöåêëå-òîê ïî ìåòîäèêå OPU (Ovarium Pick Up), ðàçðàáîòàíû ñõåìû-ìîäåëè ýíäîñêîïè÷åñêîé èìïëàíòàöèè ýìáðèîíîâ ïîñðåä-ñòâîì òðàíñâàãèíàëüíîãî äîñòóïà ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé ïóíêöèåéñóìêè ÿè÷íèêà è ââåäåíèåì â åå ïîëîñòè ýìáðèîíîâ.

Â îáëàñòè ðåêîíñòðóêòèâíî-âîññòàíîâèòåëüíîé õèðóð-ãèè ìåëêèõ äîìàøíèõ è ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõñïåöèàëèñòàìè Ìîñêîâñêîé âåòåðèíàðíîé àêàäåìèè âïåð-âûå â Ðîññèè àïðîáèðîâàíî ïðèìåíåíèå ìåòîäîâ êîìïüþ-òåðíîé è ìàãíèòîðåçîíàíñíîé òîìîãðàôèè ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõîðòîïåäè÷åñêèõ ïàòîëîãèÿõ æèâîòíûõ. Ðàçðàáîòàíû ìåòî-äû 3D ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ðåçóëüòàòîâ òîìîãðàôè÷åñêèõ èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé, ïîçâîëÿþùèå èçãîòîâèòü èíäèâèäóàëüíûåòèòàíîâûå èìïëàíòû, àäåêâàòíûå àíàòîìî-òîïîãðàôè÷åñ-êèì è êîíñòèòóöèîííûì îñîáåííîñòÿì æèâîòíûõ.

Ðåçóëüòàòû èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè çàùèùåíûïàòåíòàìè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Â 2019 ãîäó ïîäàíî 11çàÿâîê, ïîëó÷åíî 17 ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ðåøåíèé è 16 ïàòåíòîâÐÔ íà èçîáðåòåíèå è ïîëåçíûå ìîäåëè. Èííîâàöèîííûåðåøåíèÿ, íîâûå òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðèåìû è ðàçðàáîòêè ÿâ-ëÿþòñÿ ïðåäìåòîì ðàçëè÷íûõ âûñòàâîê è ÿðìàðîê.

Â 2019 ãîäó íà XXI Âñåðîññèéñêîé àãðîïðîìûøëåí-íîé âûñòàâêå "ÇÎËÎÒÀß ÎÑÅÍÜ" íàó÷íûå äîñòèæåíèÿàêàäåìèè áûëè îòìå÷åíû 3-ìÿ çîëîòûìè, 1-îé ñåðåáðÿíîéìåäàëÿìè è 4-ìÿ äèïëîìàìè 1 è 2 ñòåïåíè.

Íàèáîëåå çíà÷èìûå íàó÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâà-íèé â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòîâ Ôåäåðàëüíûõ öåëåâûõ ïðîãðàììû,ïîääåðæàííûõ Ïðàâèòåëüñòâîì ÐÔ, ôîíäîâ ÐÍÔ è ÐÔÔÈîïóáëèêîâàíû è îáåñïå÷èâàþò õîðîøèå ïîêàçàòåëè ïîïóáëèêàöèîííîé àêòèâíîñòè â æóðíàëàõ èíäåêñèðóåìûõ âìåæäóíàðîäíûõ áàçàõ Web of Science, Scopus, Agris è ðå-öåíçèðóåìûõ íàó÷íûõ æóðíàëàõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè.

Äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ àíàëèòè÷åñêèõ è ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé ïóáëèêàöèîííîé àêòèâíîñòè, ïîëó÷åíèÿ îáúåê-òèâíîé îöåíêè ðåçóëüòàòîâ íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ïîäðàç-äåëåíèé Àêàäåìèè è îòäåëüíî êàæäîãî ÏÏÑ åæåãîäíîçàêëþ÷àåòñÿ Ëèöåíçèîííûé äîãîâîð SCIENCE INDEX ñÍàó÷íîé ýëåêòðîííîé áèáëèîòåêîé (ÐÈÍÖ), êîòîðûé, êðî-ìå ðàñøèðåííûõ àíàëèòè÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé ñèñòåìû,ïîçâîëèë ïîñòðîèòü èåðàðõè÷åñêóþ ñèñòåìó ïîäðàçäåëå-


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íèé àêàäåìèè ñ ïðèâÿçêîé ðàáîòíèêîâ ê ïîäðàçäåëåíèÿì èäàåò âîçìîæíîñòü îñóùåñòâëÿòü äîáàâëåíèå ïóáëèêàöèé,îòñóòñòâóþùèõ â ÐÈÍÖ, â òîì ÷èñëå ïóáëèêàöèé ðàçíûõòèïîâ (ñòàòüè â æóðíàëàõ, ìîíîãðàôèè, ñáîðíèêè ñòàòåé,ìàòåðèàëû êîíôåðåíöèé, ïàòåíòû, äèññåðòàöèè, ó÷åáíî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîñîáèÿ). Àíàëèç ïîêàçàòåëåé â ñèñòåìåScience Index ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î òîì, ÷òî ïîêàçàòåëè ïîïóáëèêàöèÿì óâåëè÷èëèñü â ñðàâíåíèè ñ ïðåäûäóùèìèãîäàìè. ×èñëî ïóáëèêàöèé íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü ñîñòàâëÿ-åò 13 218, à ÷èñëî öèòèðîâàíèé - 53 320 (Ðèñ.).

Êîëè÷åñòâî íàó÷íûõ ïóáëèêàöèé â èçäàíèÿõ è èíäåê-ñèðóåìûõ â ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ áàçàõ äàííûõ Web of Science,Scopus, à òàêæå â ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ áàçàõ äàííûõPudMed, Springer, Agris, Chemical Abstracts â 2019 ãîäó –194 åä., âñåãî ïóáëèêàöèé çà 2019 ã. – 987 åä. Ïî èíäåêñóÕèðøà (elibrary.ru) âûñøèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé ÐÔ, Àêàäå-ìèÿ ñåé÷àñ çàíèìàåò 108 ìåñòî; ñðåäè âóçîâ Ìîñêâû – 36,ñðåäè àãðàðíûõ âóçîâ ÐÔ – 11. Àêàäåìèÿ, ñîâìåñòíî ñèçäàòåëüñêèì äîìîì "Íàó÷íàÿ áèáëèîòåêà", èçäàåò íàó÷-íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîé æóðíàë "Âåòåðèíàðèÿ, çîîòåõíèÿ è áèî-òåõíîëîãèÿ", êîòîðûé âêëþ÷åí â Ðîññèéñêèé èíäåêñ íàó÷-íîãî öèòèðîâàíèÿ (ÐÈÍÖ), èíäåêñèðóåòñÿ â Íàó÷íîé ýëåê-òðîííîé áèáëèîòåêå (elibrary.ru) (Ðîññèÿ). Èçäàíèå âõîäèòâ Ïåðå÷åíü ÂÀÊ c 2015 ã.

Â Àêàäåìèè àêòèâíî âåäåòñÿ ïîäãîòîâêà íàó÷íî-ïåäà-ãîãè÷åñêèõ êàäðîâ ÷åðåç àñïèðàíòóðó, äîêòîðàíòóðó è ïðè-êðåïëåíèå ñîèñêàòåëåé ó÷åíûõ ñòåïåíåé ïî 3 íàïðàâëåíè-ÿì: 06.06.01 Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå íàóêè; 29.06.01 Òåõíîëîãèèëåãêîé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè; 36.06.01 Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è çîîòåõ-íèÿ. Ñðåäíåãîäîâàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îáó÷àþùèõñÿ ïî ïðî-ãðàììàì ïîäãîòîâêè íàó÷íî-ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèõ êàäðîâ â àñ-ïèðàíòóðå ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 120 ÷åëîâåê. Äëÿ óñïåøíîéçàùèòû àñïèðàíòîâ è äîêòîðàíòîâ ôóíêöèîíèðóþò 4 äèñ-ñåðòàöèîííûõ ñîâåòîâ, â êîòîðûõ òîëüêî â 2019 ãîäó çàùè-ùåíû 21 êàíäèäàòñêèõ è äîêòîðñêèõ äèññåðòàöèé.

Ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå Àêàäåìèè â 2019 ãîäó ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñ-òèå áîëåå ÷åì â 25 íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ è ìåæäóíàðîäíûõêîíôåðåíöèÿõ, êðóãëûõ ñòîëàõ è ñåìèíàðàõ.

Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÌÃÀÂÌèÁ - ÌÂÀ èìå-íè Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà íàïðàâëåíà íà ïîïóëÿðèçàöèþ, ýêñïîðò,èíòåãðàöèþ âåòåðèíàðíîãî àãðàðíîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ â ìèðî-âîå îáðàçîâàòåëüíîå ïðîñòðàíñòâî, à òàêæå àêòèâèçàöèþñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà ìåæäó ðîññèéñêèìè è çàðóáåæíûìè âóçà-ìè, íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿìè â îáëàñòèîáðàçîâàíèÿ è íàóêè, èíòåðíàöèîíàëèçàöèþ è ïîâûøåíèåêîíêóðåíòîñïîñîáíîñòè âóçà. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ àêàäåìèÿóñïåøíî ñîòðóäíè÷àåò áîëåå, ÷åì ñ 40 çàðóáåæíûìè ïàðò-íåðàìè èç ñòðàí Åâðîïû, Àçèè, Ëàòèíñêîé Àìåðèêè èáëèæíåãî çàðóáåæüÿ, ðåàëèçóÿ ðÿä ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ ïðîåê-òîâ è ïðîãðàìì. Â îáðàçîâàòåëüíîì ïðîöåññå àêàäåìèèàêòèâíî ïðèíèìàþò ó÷àñòèå âåäóùèå ó÷åíûå Âåëèêîáðèòà-íèè, ÑØÀ, Ãåðìàíèè, Ôðàíöèè, Áåëüãèè, Èñïàíèè.

C 2019 ãîäà àêàäåìèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÷ëåíîì Åâðîïåéñêîéàññîöèàöèè îðãàíèçàöèé âåòåðèíàðíîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ(EAEVE), ðåàëèçóÿ ñëåäóþùèå íàïðàâëåíèÿ: 1) ðàçðàáîòêàïðîåêòà ìåæäóíàðîäíîé âåòåðèíàðíîé íîìåíêëàòóðû (âïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé è îáðàçîâàòåëüíîé ñôåðàõ); 2) óñèëå-íèå ïðàêòè÷åñêîé íàïðàâëåííîñòè îáó÷åíèÿ â ôîðìàòå ìåæ-äóíàðîäíîãî îáìåíà îïûòîì â ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîôåññèîíàëü-íûõ êîìïåòåíöèé â äåÿòåëüíîñòè âåòåðèíàðíîãî âðà÷à; 3)ïàðòíåðñêîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå â ñôåðå îôîðìëåíèÿ ó÷åáíûõìóçåéíûõ êîìïîçèöèé äëÿ ìîòèâàöèè ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé àê-òèâíîñòè ñòóäåíòîâ è óãëóáëåííîãî èçó÷åíèÿ êàê îáùåïðî-ôåññèîíàëüíûõ, òàê è ñïåöèàëüíûõ äèñöèïëèí îáðàçîâà-òåëüíîé ïðîãðàììû; 4) âçàèìîäåéñòâèå â âîïðîñàõ èñïîëü-çîâàíèÿ ïëîùàäîê âóçà ïî ðàçëè÷íûì íàïðàâëåíèÿì äåÿ-òåëüíîñòè: ïðîôåññèîíàëüíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííîé, îáðàçîâà-òåëüíîé, íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé è ïðîñâåòèòåëüñêîé.

Ïðèîðèòåòíûå çàäà÷è íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé èèííîâàöèîííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÔÃÁÎÓ ÂÎ ÌÃÀÂÌèÁ -ÌÂÀ èìåíè Ê.È. Ñêðÿáèíà:

1. Îáåñïå÷åíèå âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ñ ðåàëüíûì ñåêòîðîìýêîíîìèêè, ðàçðàáîòêà è âíåäðåíèå íîâûõ òåõíîëîãèé èíàóêîåìêîé ïðîäóêöèè àêàäåìèè â ïðîèçâîäñòâî äëÿ ìî-äåðíèçàöèè òðàäèöèîííûõ îòðàñëåé ïðîìûøëåííîñòè(ñåëüñêîå è ëåñíîå õîçÿéñòâî, ðûáíîå õîçÿéñòâî, ïèùåâàÿïðîìûøëåííîñòü, àãðîïðîìûøëåííîé êîìïëåêñ);

2. Íàó÷íîå îáåñïå÷åíèå ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ, ïðî-èçâîäñòâåííûõ è ïåðåðàáàòûâàþùèõ ñòðóêòóð àãðîïðî-ìûøëåííîãî êîìïëåêñà íà îñíîâå äîãîâîðîâ î ñîçäàíèèíàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé ïðîäóêöèè.

3. Ðàçâèòèå íàó÷íîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ÷ëåíîâ Àññîöè-àöèè "Âåòåðèíàðèÿ, çîîòåõíèÿ è áèîòåõíîëîãèÿ" äëÿ ñî-âìåñòíîãî ó÷àñòèÿ â èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ïðîåêòàõ ñ êîíêóð-ñíûì ôèíàíñèðîâàíèåì.

4. Ïðèîðèòèçàöèÿ è ðåñóðñíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå ðàçâèòèÿíàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, â òîì ÷èñëå ôîð-ìèðîâàíèå ïðîåêòîâ ñ âûñîêèìè êðèòåðèÿìè íàó÷íîé ïðî-äóêòèâíîñòè è îáåñïå÷åíèå äîñòóïà ê ñîâðåìåííûì èíôîð-ìàöèîííî-àíàëèòè÷åñêèì áàçàì Science Index, Web ofScience, Scopus, Agris.

5. Ñîçäàíèå öåíòðîâ èíòåíñèôèêàöèè ïðèêëàäíûõ èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé, ò.å. ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ íàó÷íûõ ëàáîðàòîðèé ïðèñîâìåñòíîì ðóêîâîäñòâå ðîññèéñêèõ è çàðóáåæíûõ ó÷å-íûõ, èìåþùèõ îïûò ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà ñ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿìè,ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèìè âûñîêîòåõíîëîãè÷íûå îòðàñëè èíäóñò-ðèè ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà, êîòîðûå ñòàíóò ïëàòôîðìîé äëÿñîçäàíèÿ Öåíòðîâ ïðåâîñõîäñòâà íà áàçå Àêàäåìèè, ðåàëè-çóþùèõ ïðîåêòû íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé ðàáîòû â ðàì-êàõ ÔÖÏ è "ìåãàãðàíòîâ".

6. Ðàçâèòèå èííîâàöèîííîé ýêîñèñòåìû àêàäåìèè.Ñîçäàíèå ñèñòåìû ìàëûõ èííîâàöèîííûõ ïðåäïðèÿòèé.

7. Ïîääåðæêà ðàáîò, îñóùåñòâëÿåìûõ íàó÷íûìè êîë-ëåêòèâàìè àêàäåìèè, ñïîñîáíûìè íà âûïîëíåíèå íàó÷íûõèññëåäîâàíèé íà ìèðîâîì óðîâíå. Ðàçâèòèå ìåõàíèçìîââîâëå÷åíèÿ ñòóäåíòîâ â èññëåäîâàòåëüñêóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü.Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Ôåäåðàëüíàÿ íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêàÿ ïðîãðàììà ðàçâèòèÿ ñåëüñêî-ãî õîçÿéñòâà íà 2017 – 2025 ãîäû /Ìèíèñòåðñòâî ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿé-ñòâà ÐÔ http://mcx.ru/ministry/departments/departament-nauchno-tekhnologicheskoy-politiki-i-obrazovaniya/industry-information/2. Ðîññèéñêèé èíäåêñ íàó÷íîãî öèòèðîâàíèÿ // Íàó÷íàÿ ýëåêòðîí-íàÿ áèáëèîòåêà/ http://elibrary.ru/projects/citation/cit_index.asp.3. Surai, Peter F., Kochish, Ivan I. with coauthors Revisiting OxidativeStress and the Use of Organic Selenium in Dairy Cow Nutrition / Animals2019, Òîì: 9 Âûïóñê: 7 Íîìåð ñòàòüè: 462 DOI: 10.3390/ani90704624. Surai, Peter F., Kochish, Ivan I. with coauthors Antioxidant DefenceSystems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update / Antioxidants2019, Òîì: 8 Âûïóñê: 7 Íîìåð ñòàòüè: 235 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070235References1. Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development ofAgriculture for 2017-2025 / Ministry of Agriculture of the RussianFederation http://mcx.ru/ministry/departments/departament-nauchno-tekhnologicheskoy-politiki-i-obrazovaniya/industry-information/.2. Russian index of scientific citation // Scientific electronic library/ http://elibrary.ru/projects/citation/cit_index.asp3. Surai, Peter F., Kochish, Ivan I. with co-authors Revisiting OxidativeStress and the Use of Organic Selenium in Dairy Cow Nutrition / Animals2019, Òîì: 9 Âûïóñê: 7 Íîìåð ñòàòüè: 462 DOI: 10.3390/ani90704624. Surai, Peter F., Kochish, Ivan I. with c-authors Antioxidant DefenceSystems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update / Antioxidants2019, Òîì: 8 Âûïóñê: 7 Íîìåð ñòàòüè: 235 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070235

Ðèñ.1 Äèíàìèêà ïóáëèêàöèîííîé àêòèâíîñòè â ñèñòåìåScience Index (ÐÈÍÖ), 2015 –2019 ãã.Fig 1. The dynamics of publication activity in the ScienceIndex (RSCI) system, 2015–2019


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-10ÓÄÊ 631.95:577/636.08

Ïðîáëåìû âåäåíèÿ æèâîòíîâîäñòâàïîñëå àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ:ðàäèàöèîííàÿ îáñòàíîâêà,çàùèòíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ

Ñàíæàðîâà Í.È., ä.á.í., ïðîô., ÷ë.-êîðð. ÐÀÍ, äèðåêòîð,ã. Îáíèíñê, natsan2004@òàil.ruÔåñåíêî Ñ.Â., ä.á.í. ïðîô. çàì. äèðåêòîðà ïî ÍÈÐ,ã. Îáíèíñê, [email protected]Èñàìîâ Í.Í., ê.á.í., â.í.ñ., ã. Îáíèíñê,[email protected]Öûãâèíöåâ Ï.Í., ê.á.í., â.í.ñ., ã. Îáíèíñê,[email protected]Ãóáàðåâà Î.Ñ., ê.á.í., ñ.í.ñ. ã. Îáíèíñê,[email protected]

Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîå íàó÷íîåó÷ðåæäåíèå "Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèéèíñòèòóò ðàäèîëîãèè è àãðîýêîëîãèè"

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: àâàðèÿ íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé àòîìíîéýëåêòðîñòàíöèè, æèâîòíîâîäñòâî, ìîëîêî, ìÿñî, çàùèòíûåìåðîïðèÿòèÿ

Ðåçþìå. Ïîñëå àâàðèè íà ×ÀÝÑ áûë âûïîëíåí îáøèð-íûé êîìïëåêñ çàùèòíûõ è ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûõ ìåðîïðèÿ-òèé. Ñëåäñòâèåì ðåàëèçàöèè êðóïíîìàñøòàáíûõ ïðîãðàììïî ëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåäñòâèé àâàðèè â àãðîïðîìûøëåííîìïðîèçâîäñòâå ñòàëî ðåçêîå ñíèæåíèå (äî 10–20 ðàç) êîí-öåíòðàöèè ðàäèîíóêëèäîâ â îñíîâíûõ âèäàõ ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííîé ïðîäóêöèè (ìîëîêå, ìÿñå, ïðîäóêöèè ðàñòåíèå-âîäñòâà), ÷òî îáóñëîâèëî çíà÷èòåëüíîå óìåíüøåíèå äîçî-âûõ íàãðóçîê íà íàñåëåíèå. Â íàñòîÿùåé ðàáîòå ïðåäñòàâ-ëåíû îáîáùåííûå äàííûå ïî ðàäèàöèîííîé îáñòàíîâêå âïåðâûé ïåðèîä ïîñëå êàòàñòðîôû íà ×ÀÝÑ, à òàêæå ïîçàùèòíûì è ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûì ìåðîïðèÿòèÿì â êîðìî-ïðîèçâîäñòâå è æèâîòíîâîäñòâå íà òåððèòîðèÿõ Áðÿíñêîé,Êàëóæñêîé, Òóëüñêîé è Îðëîâñêîé îáëàñòåé. 30-ëåòíèéîïûò ëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåäñòâèé àâàðèè íà ×ÀÝÑ â ñôåðåàãðîïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà óáåäèòåëüíî ñâèäåòåëü-ñòâóåò, ÷òî â ðåçóëüòàòå ðåàëèçàöèè íàó÷íûõ ïðîãðàìì èêîìïëåêñà ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ðàäèêàëüíîîçäîðîâëåíà ðàäèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ è ñîöèàëüíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñ-êàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ íà ñåëå, à òàêæå â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ìåðå âîññòà-íîâëåí ïîòåíöèàë àãðàðíîãî ñåêòîðà ýêîíîìèêè â ðåãèîíåâîçäåéñòâèÿ àâàðèè. Â æèâîòíîâîäñòâå âûñîêóþ ýôôåê-òèâíîñòü äîêàçàë ìåòîä ïðåäóáîéíîãî îòêîðìà æèâîòíûõ"÷èñòûìè" êîðìàìè (çà 3–4 íåäåëè äî çàáîÿ æèâîòíûõ

ïåðåâîäèëè íà îòêîðì ñ íèçêèì ñîäåðæàíèåì 137Ñs âðàöèîíå). Ýòè ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, êîòîðûå êîððåêòèðîâàëèñü íàîñíîâå ïðèæèçíåííîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ 137Ñs âæèâîòíûõ, áûëè ïðèìåíåíû äëÿ 5–20 òûñ. ãîëîâ êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (ÊÐÑ) â þãî-çàïàäíûõ ðàéîíàõ Áðÿíñêîéîáëàñòè. Ïðèìåíåíèå ôåððîöèíà ñëóæèò îäíèì èç íàèáî-ëåå ýôôåêòèâíûõ ïðèåìîâ è ïðèâîäèò ê 4–6-êðàòíîìó ñíè-æåíèþ êîíöåíòðàöèè 137Ñs â ìîëîêå è ìÿñå. Èñïîëüçîâà-íèå ôåððîöèíñîäåðæàùèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ, äîñòèãàâøåå áîëåå1 ìëí. ãîëîâîîáðàáîòîê â ãîä, â ïåðèîä óìåíüøåíèÿ òåìïîâïðîâåäåíèÿ àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèõ è àãðîõèìè÷åñêèõ çàùèòíûõìåðîïðèÿòèé îáåñïå÷èëî ñîõðàíåíèå äîñòèãíóòûõ ìèíè-ìàëüíûõ îáúåìîâ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîâîä-

Problems of animal husbandry after theChernobyl accident: radiation situation,counter-measuresSanzharova N.I., Fesenko S.V., Isamov N.N.,Tsygvintsev P.N., Gubareva O. S.Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology

Key words: accident at Chernobyl atomic power plant,animal husbandry, milk, meat, counter - measures

Abstract. An extensive set of protective and rehabilitationmeasures was carried out after the Chernobyl accident. Theconsequence of the implementation of large-scale programs toeliminate the consequences of the accident in agro-industrialproduction was a sharp decrease (up to 10-20 times) in theconcentration of radionuclides in the main types of agriculturalproducts (milk, meat, crop products), which led to a significantreduction in doses to the population. Summarized data on theradiation situation in the first period after the Chernobyl disaster,as well as on protective and rehabilitation measures in feedproduction and animal husbandry in the territories of the Bryansk,Kaluga, Tula and Oryol regions are presented briefly in thisarticle. The 30-year experience in the liquidation of theconsequences of the Chernobyl accident in the field of agro-industrial production convincingly shows that as a result of theimplementation of scientific programs and a set of rehabilitationmeasures, the radiological and socio-psychological situation inthe village has been radically improved, and the potential of theagricultural sector of the economy in the impact region has beensignificantly restored accident. In animal husbandry, the methodof pre-slaughter feeding of animals with "clean" feeds provedhigh efficiency (3-4 weeks before slaughter, the animals weretransferred to fattening with a low content of 137Ñs in the diet).These measures, which were adjusted on the basis of an intravitaldetermination of 137Cs content in animals, were applied to 5-20thousand heads of cattle (cattle) in southwest areas of the Bryanskregion. The use of ferrocin is one of the most effective methodsand leads to a 4-6-fold decrease in the concentration of 137Cs inmilk and meat. The use of ferrocine-containing preparations,which reached more than 1 million head treatments per year,during a period of slowing down the pace of agrotechnical andagrochemical protective measures ensured the preservation of theachieved minimum volumes of livestock production with 137Cscontent exceeding the standards. The annual use of drugs providesa decrease in the concentration of 137Ñs to the sanitary andhygienic standard level of more than 30 thousand tons of milk and5 thousand tons of meat in slaughter weight.


Ïðîáëåìû âåäåíèÿ æèâîòíîâîäñòâà ïîñëå àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ: ðàäèàöèîííàÿ îáñòàíîâêà,çàùèòíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ / Ñàíæàðîâà Í.È. [äð.] //Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. – 2020. ¹2– Ñ. 41–45.Problems of animal husbandry after the Chernobyl accident: radiation situation, counter-measures/ Sanzharova N.I. [et.al] // Veterinaria i kormlenie. – 2020. — ¹2 — P. 41–45.

Ñàíæàðîâà Í.È.Sanzharova N.I.


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Таблица 1. Объемы проведения коренной мелиорации на сенокосах и пастбищах, тыс. га* Tabl. 1.Volume of radical improvement in hayfields and pastures, thousand hectares

Год

Область

Брянская Калужская Тульская Орловская

1986 19,5 1,6 0,5 0,1

1987 19,5 2,8 0,5 0,1

1988 19,5 3,2 0,5 0,1

1989 19,5 1,8 0,5 0,1

1990 19,5 2,2 0,5 0,1

1991 6,2 2,0 1,5 2,4

1992 6,2 2,0 0,5 2,4

1993 6,2 1,5 0,5 2,4

1994 6,2 1,5 0,5 2,4

1995 6,2 1,5 1,7 2,4

1996 2,6 1,6 1 0,5

1997 2,6 0,4 0,5 0,1

1998 2,6 0,4 0,3 0,1

1999 2,6 0,4 0,1 0,1

2000 2,6 0,2 0,1 0,1

2001 6,1 0,2 0,1 0,1

2002 4,6 0,2 0,1 0,1

2003 6,6 0,2 0,1 0,1

2004 5,8 0,2 0,1 0,1

2005 5,6 0,2 0,1 0,1

* Данные Центров «Агрохимрадиология Калужской, Тульской и Орловской областей» Брянской

Таблица 2. Объемы применения ферроцинсодержащих препаратов в Брянской области Tabl. 2. Use volumes of ferrocine-containing preparations in the Bryansk region

Год Бифеж, кг Ферроцин, кг Болюсы, шт.

1993 7700 1170 4887

1994 14833 1551 6043

1995 1558 10992 2220

1996 16344 534 3600

1997 12280 208 2300

1998 20506 873 1200

1999 16476 511 4920

2000 7937 198 6258

2001 4751 624 10512

2002 3516,97 1397 0

2003 8338 2035 0

2004 4102 1006 0

2005 1772 0 0

ñòâà ñ ñîäåðæàíèåì 137Ñs, ïðåâûøàþùèì íîðìàòèâû.Åæåãîäíîå ïðèìåíåíèå ïðåïàðàòîâ îáåñïå÷èâàëî ñíèæå-íèå êîíöåíòðàöèè 137Ñs äî òðåáîâàíèé ñàíèòàðíî-ãèãèå-íè÷åñêèõ íîðìàòèâîâ â áîëåå, ÷åì 30 òûñ. òîíí ìîëîêà è 5òûñ. òîíí ìÿñà â óáîéíîì âåñå.

ÔÃÁÍÓ ÂÍÈÈÐÀÝ ÿâëÿåòñÿ åäèíñòâåííûì â ñòðàíåöåíòðîì ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ è ïðèêëàäíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîîáåñïå÷åíèþ óñòîé÷èâîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ÀÏÊ è ïðîèçâîäñòâàýêîëîãè÷åñêè áåçîïàñíîé ïðîäóêöèè è ñûðüÿ â óñëîâèÿõòåõíîãåííîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà àãðîñôåðó, âêëþ÷àÿ ðàçðà-áîòêó íàó÷íûõ îñíîâ, ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ ïðè¸ìîâ è òåõíîëîãèéëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåäñòâèé ðàäèàöèîííûõ, õèìè÷åñêèõ èäðóãèõ òåõíîãåííûõ àâàðèé.

Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé1. Ðàäèîáèîëîãèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðàñòåíèé è

æèâîòíûõ.2. Ðàäèîýêîëîãèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðàñòåíèé è

æèâîòíûõ.

3. Ýêîòîêñèêîëîãèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðàñòåíèé èæèâîòíûõ.

4. Ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå è ïðèêëàäíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîïðèìåíåíèþ èîíèçèðóþùèõ èçëó÷åíèé â òåõíîëîãèÿõ ïðî-èçâîäñòâà, ïåðåðàáîòêè è õðàíåíèè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííî-ãî ñûðüÿ è ïèùåâîé ïðîäóêöèè.

5. Ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå è ïðèêëàäíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, íà-ó÷íî-êîíñòðóêòîðñêèå ðàáîòû ïî ðàçðàáîòêå è âíåäðåíèþòåõíîëîãèé ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì íåèîíèçèðóþùèõ èçëó÷åíèé(ÑÂ×, ÓÔ) ïðè ïðîèçâîäñòâå, ïåðåðàáîòêå è õðàíåíèèñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî ñûðüÿ è ïèùåâîé ïðîäóêöèè.

6. Ïðèêëàäíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, íàïðàâëåííûå íà ðåøå-íèå ïðîáëåì ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè â àãðîïðîìûø-ëåííîì êîìïëåêñå ÐÔ è îáåñïå÷åíèå ïðîèçâîäñòâà ñåëüñ-êîõîçÿéñòâåííîé ïðîäóêöèè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ñàíèòàð-íî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêèì, âåòåðèíàðíûì è ôèòîñàíèòàðíûì òðå-áîâàíèÿì â óñëîâèÿõ òåõíîãåííîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ.

7. Ïðèêëàäíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ïðîáëåìàì îáåñïå÷å-íèÿ ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ðàçâèòèÿ ÿäåðíîé ýíåðãå-òèêè è ñîçäàíèþ ñèñòåì ðàäèàöèîííî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî èàãðîýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà â ðàéîíå ðàçìåùåíèÿïðåäïðèÿòèé ýíåðãåòèêè, ïðîìûøëåííîñòè è òðàíñïîðòà.

8. Ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûå è ïðèêëàäíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîðàçðàáîòêå ñèñòåì âåäåíèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî ïðîèç-âîäñòâà, ñîçäàíèþ è âíåäðåíèþ ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûõ òåõíî-ëîãèé â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå íà òåõíîãåííî çàãðÿçíåííûõòåððèòîðèÿõ.

Êðàòêàÿ ñòàòèñòè÷åñêàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î äåÿòåëüíîñòèîðãàíèçàöèè:

Íà 1 ÿíâàðÿ 2019 ã. ÷èñëåííîñòü ñîòðóäíèêîâ 257 ÷åë.,138 èç íèõ ñâÿçàíû ñ íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ. Äîêòîðîâíàóê – 13 ÷åë., êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê – 40 ÷åë. (37 ÷åë. â âîçðàñòåäî 39 ëåò). 1 ÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ (Ñàíæàðîâà Í.È.), 1ïðîôåññîð ÐÀÍ (Ïàíîâ À.Â.)×èñëåííîñòü àñïèðàíòîâ – 11 ÷åë., èç íèõ 7 ÷åë. – î÷íî è 4÷åë. – çàî÷íî.×èñëî ïóáëèêàöèé â ÐÈÍÖ – 1499×èñëî öèòèðîâàíèé ïóáëèêàöèé â ÐÈÍÖ – 11237×èñëî ïóáëèêàöèé â ÐÈÍÖ (2014– 2019) – 877×èñëî ñòàòåé â æóðíàëàõ, âõîäÿùèõ â Web of Science èëèScopus (2014–2019 ãã.) – 184

Çà ïîñëåäíèå ïÿòü ëåò ïîëó÷åíî 9 ïàòåíòîâ, 31 ñâèäå-òåëüñòâî î ðåãèñòðàöèè ïðîãðàìì ÝÂÌ è áàç äàííûõ.

Îäíèì èç íàèáîëåå âàæíûõ íàïðàâëåíèé äåÿòåëüíîñòèèíñòèòóòà ñ 1986 ãîäà ÿâëÿëàñü ðàçðàáîòêà è âíåäðåíèåçàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå ïîñëå êàòàñ-òðîôû íà ×ÀÝÑ. Ðàäèîàêòèâíîå çàãðÿçíåíèå ñåëüñêîõî-çÿéñòâåííûõ óãîäèé ñîñòàâëÿåò îäíî èç íàèáîëåå âàæíûõýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîñëåäñòâèé àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ,ò.ê. îíî îïðåäåëèëî ïîñòóïëåíèå ðàäèîíóêëèäîâ â îðãà-íèçì ÷åëîâåêà è ïîñëåäóþùåå åãî îáëó÷åíèå. Ïîýòîìóêëþ÷åâûì íàïðàâëåíèåì ðåàáèëèòàöèè ïîñòðàäàâøèõ òåð-ðèòîðèé ñòàëî âîññòàíîâëåíèå ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî ïðî-èçâîäñòâà [1]. Ðåàáèëèòàöèÿ ðàäèîàêòèâíî çàãðÿçíåííûõçåìåëü ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ – ýòî ñèñòåìàîðãàíèçàöèîííûõ, àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèõ, àãðîõèìè÷åñêèõ èìåëèîðàòèâíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà îáåñïå÷å-íèå ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðîäóêöèè, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ñàíèòàð-íî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêèì íîðìàòèâàì, à òàêæå ñïîñîáñòâóþùèõâîññòàíîâëåíèþ è ïîääåðæàíèþ ïî÷âåííîãî ïëîäîðîäèÿ[2, 3]. Îñíîâíûì êðèòåðèåì ïðè îáîñíîâàíèè íåîáõîäèìî-ñòè çàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå ñëóæàòíåïðåâûøåíèå ñàíèòàðíî-ãèãèåíè÷åñêèõ è âåòåðèíàðíûõíîðìàòèâîâ â ïðîèçâîäèìîé ïðîäóêöèè è äîçîâûõ íàãðó-çîê íà ñåëüñêîå íàñåëåíèå è ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðàáîò-íèêîâ [4-6].

Àâàðèÿ íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé àòîìíîé ñòàíöèè ïðîèçîø-ëà 26.04. 1986 ã. â 1 ÷ 24 ìèí ïî ìåñòíîìó âðåìåíè. Êàê ïîêîëè÷åñòâó âûñâîáîæäåííûõ â îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó ðàäèî-àêòèâíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, òàê è ïî ïëîùàäè çàãðÿçíåííûõ


43


Таблица 3. Количество головообработок ферроцинсодержащими препаратами в юго-западных районах Брянской области

Tabl. 3. Volumes heads-processing of cows in the Bryansk region by ferrocin-containing drugs treatment

Район 2011 г. 2012 г. 2013 г. 2014 г. 2015 г.*

Комбикорм с ферроцином, т тттт

Гордеевский 44,55 43 36,6 36,6 23,4

Клинцовский 13,45 9,75 7,3 7,3 6,4

Красногорский 16,45 16,1 15,4 15,4 12,2

Новозыбковский 16,9 22,5 19 19 13,4

Всего 91,35 91,35 78,3 78,3 55,4

Головообработок, тыс. 1С.

Гордеевский 131,68 127,09 105,16 105,16 67,28

Клинцовский 39,75 28,82 20,97 20,97 18,88

Красногорский 48,62 47,59 44,36 44,36 35,19

Новозыбковский 49,95 66,50 54,48 54,48 38,52

Всего 270,00 270,00 224,98 224,98 159,87

òåððèòîðèé îíà ÿâèëàñü ñàìîé ìàñøòàáíîé è òÿæåëîé âèñòîðèè ÿäåðíîé ýíåðãåòèêè.

Îöåíêè ðàäèîíóêëèäíîãî ñîñòàâà àâàðèéíûõ âûáðî-ñîâ ×ÀÝÑ ïðåäñòàâëåíû â ðàáîòàõ [7, 8]. Â öåëîì ïîáîëüøèíñòâó ðàäèîíóêëèäîâ îöåíêè 1986 ã. óäîâëåòâîðè-òåëüíî ñîãëàñóþòñÿ ñ áîëåå ïîçäíèìè, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåìâûáðîñîâ éîäà è öåçèÿ. Ñîãëàñíî ïîñëåäíèì äàííûì âàòìîñôåðó áûëî âûáðîøåíî 50–60% éîäà íàêîïëåííîãîêîëè÷åñòâà 131I. Çíà÷åíèÿ âûáðîñîâ 134Cs è 137Cs îöåíè-âàþòñÿ â 23–43% îò èõ ñîäåðæàíèÿ â àêòèâíîé çîíå.

Â ïåðâûé ïåðèîä ïîñëå àâàðèè íàèáîëüøèé âêëàä âðàäèîàêòèâíîå çàãðÿçíåíèå ïî÷âåííî-ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïî-êðîâà äàâàëè ñðàâíèòåëüíî êîðîòêîæèâóùèå íóêëèäû: 89Sr,95Zr, 95Nb, 131I, 132Te, 132I, 239Np, 140Ba, 140La. Âáëèæíåé ê ìåñòó àâàðèè çîíå â ñîñòàâå âûïàäåíèé áûëèïðåäñòàâëåíû 95Zr, 95Nb, 141Ce, 144Ce (ìåíåå ëåòó÷èå,òóãîïëàâêèå), â äàëüíåé – 131I, 134,137Cs [9]. Ìàêñèìóìñîäåðæàíèÿ éîäà â ïî÷âåííî-ðàñòèòåëüíîì ïîêðîâå íà-áëþäàëñÿ â ïåðèîä ñ 28 àïðåëÿ ïî 9 ìàÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îòòðàåêòîðèé ïåðåíîñà àâàðèéíîãî âûáðîñà è ìåñòíûõ ìå-òåîóñëîâèé. Íàèáîëüøåå çàãðÿçíåíèå ìåñòíîñòè ðàäèîéî-äîì íàáëþäàëîñü íà ñåâåðíîé è ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòèñëåäà íà òåððèòîðèè Óêðàèíû, Áåëîðóññèè è â ðÿäå öåíò-ðàëüíûõ îáëàñòåé Ðîññèè.

Ïîñëå ðàñïàäà 131I è äðóãèõ êîðîòêîæèâóùèõ ðàäèî-íóêëèäîâ ñ ñåðåäèíû 1986 ã. íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè àâàðèéíîãîñëåäà íà òåððèòîðèè ñòðàíû îïðåäåëÿþùèìè â çàãðÿçíå-íèè ìåñòíîñòè ÿâëÿëèñü 134,137Cs, à â íåêîòîðûõ ðàéîíàõ(â áëèæíåé âîêðóã ×ÀÝÑ çîíå) òàêæå 90Sr. Íàèáîëåå èí-òåíñèâíûå ðàäèîàêòèâíûå âûïàäåíèÿ õàðàêòåðíû äëÿ 30-êì çîíû. Â ýòîé çîíå, à òàêæå â íåêîòîðûõ ðàéîíàõ âñåâåðíîì, ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîì è ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîì íàïðàâëå-íèÿõ îò ×ÀÝÑ, ïëîòíîñòü çàãðÿçíåíèÿ òåððèòîðèè 137Csïðåâûøàëà 1500 êÁê/êì2. Ñåâåðî-ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íàÿ çîíà,âêëþ÷àþùàÿ â ñåáÿ çàãðÿçíåííûå ðàéîíû Ãîìåëüñêîé,Ìîãèëåâñêîé è Áðÿíñêîé îáëàñòåé, ðàñïîëîæåíà ïðèìåðíîâ 200 êì îò ×ÀÝÑ. Îíà ñôîðìèðîâàëàñü, â îñíîâíîì, âðåçóëüòàòå ðàäèîàêòèâíûõ âûïàäåíèé â ïåðèîä 27–29 àï-ðåëÿ 1986 ã. Ïëîòíîñòè çàãðÿçíåíèÿ 137Cs â íåêîòîðûõíàñåëåííûõ ïóíêòàõ ýòîé çîíû ïðåâûøàëè 1110–1480 êÁê/ì2. Âîñòî÷íàÿ çîíà ðàñïîëîæåíà ïðèìåðíî â 500 êì îò×ÀÝÑ, â íåå âõîäÿò íåêîòîðûå ðàéîíû Êàëóæñêîé, Òóëüñ-êîé è Îðëîâñêîé îáëàñòåé. Ïëîòíîñòè çàãðÿçíåíèÿ 137Cs,êàê ïðàâèëî, íå ïðåâûøàëè 600 êÁê/ì2. Âñåãî îêîëî 150000êì2 áûëî çàãðÿçíåíî 137Cs ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ áîëåå 37 êÁ/ì2.Ñóììàðíàÿ àêòèâíîñòü âûïàäåíèé íà òåððèòîðèþ ÑÑÑÐîöåíèâàåòñÿ 4?1016 Áê (íà òåððèòîðèþ Áåëîðóññèè âûïàëîîêîëî 41%, Ðîññèè – 35%, Óêðàèíû – 24%, è îñòàëüíûõðåñïóáëèê ìåíåå 1%). Çàãðÿçíåíèþ ïîäâåðãëîñü îêîëî 58òûñ. êì2 òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè è 48 òûñ. êì2

Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü. Ïëîùàäè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ çå-ìåëü ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ çàãðÿçíåíèÿ ñâûøå 37 êÁê/ì2 ïî 137Ñsñîñòàâèëè â Áåëàðóñè 1,8 ìëí ãà, â 4-õ íàèáîëåå çàãðÿçíåí-íûõ îáëàñòÿõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ( Áðÿíñêîé, Êàëóæñ-êîé, Îðëîâñêîé è Òóëüñêîé îáëàñòÿõ ) – îêîëî 2,3 ìëí ãà.

Íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè ñ ïëîòíî-ñòüþ çàãðÿçíåíèÿ 137Cs âûøå 185–555 êÁê /ì2 – îêîëî 5500êì2, 555–1480 êÁê /ì2 – 2100 êì2, 1480 êÁê/ì2 ñîñòàâëÿåò310 êì2.

Âûïàäåíèÿ 90Sr â îñíîâíîì èìåëè ìåñòî â áëèæíåéçîíå ×ÀÝÑ, ãäå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ îòäåëüíûå ó÷àñòêè ñ ïëîòíî-ñòüþ çàãðÿçíåíèÿ áîëåå 100 êÁê /ì2. Òîëüêî ñðàâíèòåëüíîíåáîëüøîå ÷èñëî ó÷àñòêîâ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ çàãðÿçíåíèÿ ìåñ-òíîñòè 90Sr â 37–100 êÁê/ì2 ðàñïîëîæåíû â Ãîìåëüñêîé èÌîãèëåâñêîé îáëàñòÿõ è äî 1,5 êÁê/ì2 â Áðÿíñêîé.

Ðàäèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ â æèâîòíîâîäñòâå â çîíåàâàðèè, îñîáåííî â ðàéîíàõ ñ íàèáîëåå âûñîêèìè óðîâíÿìèðàäèîàêòèâíûõ âûïàäåíèé, ñêëàäûâàëàñü âåñüìà íàïðÿ-æåííî. Â ïåðâûå äíè ïîñëå àâàðèè íà ïàñòáèùàõ ìîùíîñòüäîçû îò ðàäèîàêòèâíûõ âûïàäåíèé íà ðàññòîÿíèè 10–15 êìîò ×ÀÝÑ äîñòèãàëà 3–4 ìÃð/÷. Â íà÷àëüíûé ïåðèîä îñíîâ-íûå ïðîáëåìû ñ ïîëó÷åíèåì íîðìàòèâíîé ïðîäóêöèè áûëèñâÿçàíû ñ çàãðÿçíåíèåì êîðìîâûõ óãîäèé 131I. Òàê íà þãåÁåëàðóñè è ñåâåðå Óêðàèíû åãî êîíöåíòðàöèÿ â ìîëîêåäîñòèãàëà 0,04–0,4 ÌÁê/ë.

Ïî íàøèì îöåíêàì, ïðîâåäåííûì íà îñíîâàíèè ìåòî-äèê îïðåäåëåíèÿ óðîâíÿ çàãðÿçíåíèÿ øåðñòíî-êîæíîãî ïî-êðîâà íà òåëå êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà â çàâèñèìîñòè îòïëîòíîñòè çàãðÿçíåíèÿ òåððèòîðèè [10, 11], ýòè çíà÷åíèÿìîãëè ñîñòàâëÿòü 55–75 êÁê/ñì2.

Ïîòðåáëåíèå çàãðÿçíåííûõ êîðìîâ ïðè ïàñòáèùíîìèëè ñòîéëîâîì ñîäåðæàíèè âåëè ê ôîðìèðîâàíèþ äîñòà-òî÷íî áîëüøèõ äîç îáëó÷åíèÿ. Îñíîâíûì ôàêòîðîì ðàäè-àöèîííîé îïàñíîñòè â ðàííþþ ôàçó àâàðèè ÿâëÿëîñü ïî-ñòóïëåíèå â îðãàíèçì æèâîòíûõ ðàäèîèçîòîïîâ éîäà. Îá-ëó÷åíèå ùèòîâèäíîé æåëåçû â òèðåîýêòîìè÷åñêèõ äîçàõ(ñâûøå 200Ãð) èìåëî ìåñòî ïðè ïîñòóïëåíèè â îðãàíèçìñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ 131I ñóììàðíîé àêòèâ-íîñòüþ áîëåå 5 ÃÁê [12].

Îáëó÷åíèå ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ â òå÷åíèåïåðâîãî ãîäà áûëî îáóñëîâëåíî âíåøíèì îáëó÷åíèåì èâíóòðåííèì îáëó÷åíèåì â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîòðåáëåíèÿ çàãðÿç-íåííûõ êîðìîâ. Ìàêñèìàëüíûå äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ èñïûòû-âàëè æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íûé òðàêò, à òàêæå îòäåëüíûå îðãà-íû è òêàíè, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèåñÿ èçáèðàòåëüíûì îòëîæåíè-åì â íèõ íåêîòîðûõ ðàäèîíóêëèäîâ, íàïðèìåð, ðàäèîéîäàâ ùèòîâèäíîé æåëåçå. Â îñòðûé ïåðèîä àâàðèè óäåëüíàÿàêòèâíîñòü ñìåñè ðàäèîíóêëèäîâ â êîðìàõ, ïîòðåáëÿâøèõ-ñÿ æèâîòíûìè, äîñòèãàëà íà òåððèòîðèè 30-êì çîíû 106 –107 Áê/êã. Äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ è ïòèö, îáèòàâ-

øèõ ïîñòîÿííî (äèêèå è áðîøåííûå ïðèýâàêóàöèè íàñåëåíèÿ äîìàøíèå æèâîò-íûå) íà òåððèòîðèè ðàäèóñîì 10–20 êìîò ÀÝÑ, ìîãëè äîñòèãàòü ïî èñòå÷åíèèïåðâûõ ìåñÿöåâ 3 Ãð ïî âíåøíåìó îáëó-÷åíèþ è 1–100 Ãð ïî âíóòðåííåìó îáëó-÷åíèþ îòäåëüíûõ îðãàíîâ è òêàíåé [13].

Äîçû íà ñëèçèñòóþ ÆÊÒ êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà çà ïåðâûé ìåñÿö äîñòèãà-ëè 10 Ãð ó íåáîëüøîãî ÷èñëà æèâîòíûõ,7 Ãð – ó äåñÿòêîâ òûñÿ÷ ãîëîâ ýâàêóèðî-âàííîãî ñêîòà è äî 1 Ãð – ó îñòàëüíîãîïîãîëîâüÿ [14].

Ïðîãíîçèðóåìûå äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿùèòîâèäíîé æåëåçû êîðîâ â 30-êì çîíåè íà áëèçëåæàùèõ ïëîùàäÿõ ïðèáëèçè-òåëüíî îöåíèâàëèñü 50–70 Ãð, õîòÿ óêà-çûâàëèñü è áîëåå âûñîêèå äîçû – äî 230Ãð. Äîçà, âûçûâàþùàÿ ðàäèàöèîííîåïîðàæåíèå ùèòîâèäíîé æåëåçû, ñîñòàâ-


44


ëÿåò 200 Ãð, ò.ê. òàêèå äîçû íå áûëè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû, òîçíà÷èòåëüíîé ëó÷åâîé ïàòîëîãèè íå îòìå÷åíî. Ïðåèìó-ùåñòâåííî íàáëþäàëè ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå èçìåíåíèÿ ùèòî-âèäíîé æåëåçû ó êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà íà ìÿñîêîìáèíàòàõïðè óáîå. Ïðåêðàùåíèå âûïàñà è ýêñòðåííàÿ ýâàêóàöèÿ ñåëü-ñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ èç çîíû îòñåëåíèÿ ñïîñîáñòâî-âàëè ñíèæåíèþ äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ ùèòîâèäíîé æåëåçû [15].

Â óñëîâèÿõ ðåàëüíîé ðàäèîëîãè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè â êîí-êðåòíîì íàñåëåííîì ïóíêòå ä. Êîæóøêè (Õîéíèêñêèé ðàé-îí Ãîìåëüñêîé îáëàñòè, Áåëàðóñü), ðàñïîëîæåííîì â 35 êìîò ×ÀÝÑ, ýâàêóàöèÿ ñêîòà ÷åðåç 3 äíÿ ïîñëå àâàðèè îáåñïå÷è-âàëà 2-êðàòíîå ñíèæåíèå äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ ùèòîâèäíîé æåëå-çû. Íàèáîëåå çíà÷èòåëüíîå óìåíüøåíèå äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ âñå-ãî òåëà êîðîâ (äî 6 ðàç) è ñëèçèñòîé æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íîãîòðàêòà (ÆÊÒ) (äî 5 ðàç) íàáëþäàëîñü ïðè ýâàêóàöèè ñêîòà.Ìàêñèìàëüíûé ýôôåêò â ðåçóëüòàòå ýâàêóàöèè æèâîòíûõ(èëè ïðåêðàùåíèÿ êîðìëåíèÿ ãðÿçíûìè êîðìàìè) õàðàêòåðè-çîâàëñÿ ñíèæåíèåì ñîäåðæàíèÿ 137Cs â ìÿñå äî 12 ðàç.

Ó ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ â çîíå àâàðèè íàè-áîëüøèå äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ ïðèõîäèëèñü íà ùèòîâèäíóþæåëåçó, ñëåäóþùåé ïî ñòåïåíè îáëó÷åíèÿ ÿâëÿëàñü ñëèçè-ñòàÿ ÆÊÒ (èñòî÷íèê èçëó÷åíèÿ – çàãðÿçíåííûå êîðìà).Äîçû îáëó÷åíèÿ âñåãî òåëà æèâîòíûõ îò 134Cs è 137Csáûëè ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåâåëèêè. Òàê, ñîîòíîøåíèå ïîãëî-ùåííûõ äîç îáëó÷åíèÿ ùèòîâèäíîé æåëåçû, ñëèçèñòîéÆÊÒ è âñåãî òåëà çà 8 ìåñÿöåâ ïîñëå àâàðèè ñîñòàâëÿëîïðèìåðíî 230:1:0,5 [12, 14].

Ðàäèàöèîííûå ïîâðåæäåíèÿ ñëèçèñòîé ÆÊÒ æèâîò-íûõ íàáëþäàëè â ïåðâîé äåêàäå ìàÿ 1986 ã. ïðè äîçå íàÆÊÒ äî 10 Ãð çà ïåðâûé ìåñÿö. Êëèíè÷åñêè ýòè ýôôåêòûïðîÿâëÿëèñü â ãåìîððàãè÷åñêîé äèàðåå ó òåëÿò è îòåêåïîä÷åëþñòíûõ òêàíåé ó æèâîòíûõ âñåõ âîçðàñòîâ. Îäíàêîâ öåëîì êëèíè÷åñêàÿ êàðòèíà îáùèõ è ìåñòíûõ ðàäèàöèîí-íûõ ïîðàæåíèé ó ñêîòà îòñóòñòâîâàëà êàê íà òåððèòîðèè30-êì çîíû, òàê è çà åå ïðåäåëàìè [14].

Â ìàå 1986 ã. èç þæíûõ ðàéîíîâ Ãîìåëüñêîé îáëàñòè,ðàñïîëîæåííûõ âáëèçè ×ÀÝÑ, áûëî ýâàêóèðîâàíî 50,9òûñ. ãîëîâ ÊÐÑ. Ïî ðÿäó ïðè÷èí â Áåëîðóññèè â 1986 ãîäóáûëî ïðîèçâåäåíî 21,1 òûñ. òîíí ìÿñà ñ ïðåâûøåíèåìâðåìåííûõ íîðìàòèâîâ. [16]. Íà Óêðàèíå â ïåðâûå äíèïîñëå àâàðèè áûëî óáèòî îêîëî 15 òûñ. ãîëîâ ÊÐÑ. Ê êîíöó1986 ã. íà ìÿñîïåðåðàáàòûâàþùèõ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿõ êîíòðî-ëèðóåìûõ ïî ðàäèàöèîííîé îáñòàíîâêå îáëàñòåé ïåðåðà-áîòàíî 97 òûñ. ãîëîâ ñêîòà, îò êîòîðîãî ïîëó÷åíî 6405 òîííìÿñà è 279 òîíí ñóáïðîäóêòîâ ñ ñîäåðæàíèåì ðàäèîàêòèâ-íûõ âåùåñòâ îò 7400 äî 33300 Áê/êã ïðè äîïóñòèìîì â òîâðåìÿ óðîâíå 3700 Áê/êã [17].

Îöåíèâàÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ïðèíÿòûõ ìåð, ñëåäóåò îòìå-òèòü, ÷òî óáîé "ãðÿçíûõ" æèâîòíûõ îêàçàëñÿ íå öåëåñîîá-ðàçíûì, ò.ê. "î÷èùåíèå" ìÿñà ïîñëå óáîÿ íå ïðîèñõîäèëî,çàãðÿçíåííîå ìÿñî ñ ïðåâûøåíèåì ðàäèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íîð-ìàòèâîâ íåâîçìîæíî áûëî ïåðåðàáîòàòü, Â ðåçóëüòàòå çíà-÷èòåëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî çàãðÿçíåííîãî ìÿñà áûëî çàõîðîíå-íî â ìîãèëüíèêå 30-êì çîíû ×ÀÝÑ.

Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü çàùèòíûõ è ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûõ ìå-ðîïðèÿòèé çàâèñèò îò âðåìåíè ïîñëå àâàðèè. Èõ ïðîâåäå-íèå â ïåðâûé ïåðèîä áûëî íàèáîëåå ýôôåêòèâíûì è ýêîíî-ìè÷åñêè îïðàâäàííûì [5, 6, 18, 19]. Ñ òå÷åíèåì âðåìåíèðàäèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü ðàçëè÷íûõ òåõíîëîãè÷åñ-êèõ ïðèåìîâ ñíèæàåòñÿ, à ñòîèìîñòü âîçðàñòàåò, ÷òî âûäâè-ãàåò íà ïåðâûé ïëàí ýêîíîìè÷åñêè îáîñíîâàííûå ìåðîï-ðèÿòèÿ [20].

Â êîìïëåêñå ìåð ïî âîññòàíîâëåíèþ ñôåðû ñåëüñêîãîõîçÿéñòâà íà òåððèòîðèÿõ, ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ ðàäèîàêòèâíîìóçàãðÿçíåíèþ, âûäåëÿþò íåñêîëüêî ãðóïï çàùèòíûõ è ðåà-áèëèòàöèîííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé: îðãàíèçàöèîííûå, àãðîòåõ-íè÷åñêèå, àãðîõèìè÷åñêèå, à òàêæå çîîâåòåðèíàðíûå âæèâîòíîâîäñòâå [2, 7, 21-24].

Â ïåðèîä 1986 ïî 1988 ã. çàùèòíûå è ðåàáèëèòàöèîí-íûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå Áðÿíñêîé, Êàëóæñ-

êîé, Òóëüñêîé è Îðëîâñêîé îáëàñòåé îñóùåñòâëÿëè â ïî-ñòîÿííî óâåëè÷èâàþùèõñÿ ìàñøòàáàõ, ñ 1988 ïî 1992 ã.îíè ïðîâîäèëèñü â îïòèìàëüíûõ îáúåìàõ. Èìåííî ýòîïîçâîëèëî îáåñïå÷èòü ñóùåñòâåííîå ñíèæåíèå ïðîèçâîä-ñòâà ïðîäóêöèè ñ óðîâíÿìè çàãðÿçíåíèÿ âûøå ÂÄÓ: ïîìîëîêó îò 86 % â 1986 ã. äî 1,7% â 1994 ã.; ïî ìÿñó îò 15,2% äî 0,06%; ïî çåðíó îò 78 % äî ìåíåå 0,01%. Îñíîâíûåîáúåìû çàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé áûëè ðåàëèçîâàíû â þãî-çàïàäíûõ ðàéîíàõ Áðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè. Íà÷èíàÿ ñ 1993 ã.,îáúåìû ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñðåäñòâ õèìèçàöèè è àãðîìåëèîðàòèâ-íûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ñíèæàëèñü: âíåñåíèå ìèíåðàëüíûõ óäîá-ðåíèé íà 1 ãà â ñðåäíåì óìåíüøèëîñü â 3–11 ðàç.

Â êîðìîïðîèçâîäñòâå îäíèì èç îñíîâíûõ ïðèåìîâ,îáåñïå÷èâøèõ ñíèæåíèå çàãðÿçíåíèÿ êîðìîâ, ñëóæèò êî-ðåííàÿ ìåëèîðàöèÿ íèçêîïðîäóêòèâíûõ ñåíîêîñíî-ïàñò-áèùíûõ óãîäèé (ðàçðóøåíèå äåðíèíû, ïåðåïàøêà, âûñåâòðàâ, èçâåñòêîâàíèå è ïðèìåíåíèå óäîáðåíèé). Ðàäèîëîãè-÷åñêàÿ çíà÷èìîñòü òàêîé ìåëèîðàöèè îáóñëîâëåíà òåì, ÷òîîíà îïðåäåëÿåò ïðîèçâîäñòâî êðèòè÷åñêèõ äîçîîáðàçóþ-ùèõ ïèùåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ (â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, ìîëîêà). Âòå÷åíèå ïåðâûõ 5–8 ëåò ïîñëå àâàðèè ýòîò ïðèåì øèðîêîïðèìåíÿëè âî âñåõ ðàéîíàõ, ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ çàãðÿçíåíèþ, àâ ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû åãî âûïîëíÿëè òîëüêî â 7 þãî-çàïàäíûõðàéîíàõ Áðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè (òàáëèöà 1).

Óõóäøåíèå ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ õîçÿéñòâ íåïîçâîëÿëî îñóùåñòâèòü íåîáõîäèìûå îáúåìû çàùèòíûõìåðîïðèÿòèé. Â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû âíåñåíèå ìèíåðàëüíûõ óäîá-ðåíèé (â îñíîâíîì êàëèéíûõ), èçâåñòè è ôîñôîðèòíîé ìóêèêàê çàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïðîâîäèëîñü ïðàêòè÷åñêè òîëü-êî â þãî-çàïàäíûõ íàèáîëåå çàãðÿçíåííûõ ðàéîíàõ Áðÿíñ-êîé îáëàñòè è ôèíàíñèðîâàëîñü èç ðàçëè÷íûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ.

Â ðàìêàõ ÔÖÏ "Ñîõðàíåíèå è âîññòàíîâëåíèå ïëîäî-ðîäèÿ ïî÷â çåìåëü ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ èàãðîëàíäøàôòîâ êàê íàöèîíàëüíîãî äîñòîÿíèÿ Ðîññèè íà2006–2010 ãîäû" íà ïåðèîä äî 2013 ã. (óòâ. ðàñïîðÿæåíèåìÏðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ îò 1 îêòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. ¹ 1564-ð, ñ èçìåíå-íèÿìè îò 23 ìàðòà 2006 ã.) áûëè ïðîâåäåíû ðàáîòû ïîðåàáèëèòàöèè ðàäèîàêòèâíî çàãðÿçíåííûõ òåððèòîðèé.Îñíîâíûå îáúåìû áûëè âûïîëíåíû â 2006–2010 ãã. èâêëþ÷àëè êóëüòóðòåõíè÷åñêèå ðàáîòû, à òàêæå ïðèìåíå-íèå àãðîìåëèîðàíòîâ.

Â ðàìêàõ âûïîëíåíèÿ ÔÖÏ "Ïðåîäîëåíèå ïîñëåäñòâèéðàäèàöèîííûõ àâàðèé íà ïåðèîä äî 2015 ã." â 2010–2015 ãã.â þãî-çàïàäíûõ ðàéîíàõ Áðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè ïðîâåäåíû ðå-àáèëèòàöèîííûå ðàáîòû íà ïëîùàäè 23,1 òûñ. ãà. Â æèâîò-íîâîäñòâå âûñîêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü äîêàçàë ìåòîä ïðåäó-áîéíîãî îòêîðìà æèâîòíûõ "÷èñòûìè" êîðìàìè (çà 3–4íåäåëè äî çàáîÿ æèâîòíûõ ïåðåâîäèëè íà îòêîðì ñ íèçêèìñîäåðæàíèåì 137Ñs â ðàöèîíå). Ýòè ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, êîòîðûåêîððåêòèðîâàëèñü íà îñíîâå ïðèæèçíåííîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿñîäåðæàíèÿ 137Ñs â æèâîòíûõ, áûëè ïðèìåíåíû äëÿ 5–20òûñ. ãîëîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (ÊÐÑ).

Ñ 1993 ã. â Áðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè êàê â îáùåñòâåííîìñåêòîðå, òàê è â ëè÷íûõ õîçÿéñòâàõ íà÷àòî øèðîêîìàñø-òàáíîå âíåäðåíèå ôåððîöèíñîäåðæàùèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ (òàá-ëèöà 2).

Ïðèìåíåíèå ôåððîöèíà ñëóæèò îäíèì èç íàèáîëååýôôåêòèâíûõ ïðèåìîâ è ïðèâîäèò ê 4–6-êðàòíîìó ñíèæå-íèþ êîíöåíòðàöèè 137Ñs â ìîëîêå è ìÿñå [21-24]. Èñïîëü-çîâàíèå ôåððîöèíñîäåðæàùèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ, äîñòèãàâøååáîëåå 1 ìëí. ãîëîâîîáðàáîòîê â ãîä, â ïåðèîä óìåíüøåíèÿòåìïîâ ïðîâåäåíèÿ àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèõ è àãðîõèìè÷åñêèõçàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé îáåñïå÷èëî ñîõðàíåíèå äîñòèãíó-òûõ ìèíèìàëüíûõ îáúåìîâ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðîäóêöèè æè-âîòíîâîäñòâà ñ ñîäåðæàíèåì 137Ñs, ïðåâûøàþùèì íîð-ìàòèâû. Åæåãîäíîå ïðèìåíåíèå ïðåïàðàòîâ îáåñïå÷èâàåòñíèæåíèå êîíöåíòðàöèè 137Ñs äî íîðìàòèâíîãî óðîâíÿ âáîëåå, ÷åì 30 òûñ. òîíí ìîëîêà è 5 òûñ. òîíí ìÿñà â óáîéíîìâåñå. Òàê, â ðàìêàõ âûïîëíåíèÿ ÔÖÏ "Ïðåîäîëåíèå ïî-ñëåäñòâèå ðàäèàöèîííûõ àâàðèé íà ïåðèîä äî 2015 ã." áûëè


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ïðîâåäåíû ðàáîòû ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ ôåððîöèíñîäåðæàùèõïðåïàðàòîâ â òå÷åíèå ïÿòè ëåò â 4 þãî-çàïàäíûõ ðàéîíàõÁðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè åæåãîäíî äëÿ 4–4,5 òûñ. ãîëîâ ÊÐÑ áûëèïðèìåíåíû ôåððîöèí ñîäåðæàùèå ïðåïàðàòû ñ êîìáèêîð-ìîì (òàáëèöà 3).

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, 30-ëåòíèé îïûò ëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåä-ñòâèé àâàðèè íà ×ÀÝÑ â ñôåðå àãðîïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðîèç-âîäñòâà óáåäèòåëüíî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò, ÷òî â ðåçóëüòàòåðåàëèçàöèè íàó÷íûõ ïðîãðàìì è êîìïëåêñà ðåàáèëèòàöè-îííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ðàäèêàëüíî îçäîðîâëåíà ðàäèîëîãè-÷åñêàÿ è ñîöèàëüíî-ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ íà ñåëå, àòàêæå â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ìåðå âîññòàíîâëåí ïîòåíöèàë àãðàð-íîãî ñåêòîðà ýêîíîìèêè â ðåãèîíå âîçäåéñòâèÿ àâàðèè.

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Àëåêñàõèí Ð.Ì., Ñàíæàðîâà Í.È., Ïàíîâ À.Â. Ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûåìåðîïðèÿòèÿ â àãðîïðîìûøëåííîì êîìïëåêñå êàê îñíîâà ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ òåððèòîðèé, ïîäâåðãøèõñÿ âîçäåéñòâèþ àâà-ðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ // Âåñòíèê ÐÀÑÕÍ, 2009, ¹ 6. - Ñ. 28-30.2. Bogdevitch I, Sanzharova N., Prister D., Tarasiuk S. Countermeasureson natural and agricultural aeras after Chernobyl accident. Role of LiftingOff Chernobyl. J Kleka (ed), 2002. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printedin the Netherlands. -Ð. 147-158.3. Àëåêñàõèí Ð.Ì. Èòîãè ïðåîäîëåíèÿ ïîñëåäñòâèé ×åðíîáûëüñêîéàâàðèè â àãðîñôåðå // Àãðîõèìè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê. 2006, ¹ 2. - Ñ. 5-2.4. Íàó÷íûå îñíîâû ðåàáèëèòàöèè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ òåððèòî-ðèé, çàãðÿçíåííûõ ðàäèîàêòèâíûìè âåùåñòâàìè â ðåçóëüòàòå êðóï-íûõ ðàäèàöèîííûõ àâàðèé. Ðóêîâîäñòâî / Ïîä ðåä. Í.È. Ñàíæàðîâîé.- Îáíèíñê: ÃÍÓ ÂÍÈÈÑ-ÕÐÀÝ, 2009.-150 ñ.5. Îöåíêà ðàäèîëîãè÷åñêîé ýôôåêòèâíîñòè çàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé(êîíòðìåð), ïðîâîäèìûõ â îòäàëåííûé ïåðèîä ïîñëå àâàðèè íà ×åð-íîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè. ÌÐ 2.6.1.0010-10. -Ì., 2010. - 32 ñ.6. Ñìîëüñêèé Å.Â., Ñåðäþêîâ À.Ï., Áàòóðî Ë.Ì. Ýôôåêòèâíîñòü àãðî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ è àãðîõèìè÷åñêèõ ïðèåìîâ íà çàãðÿçíåííûõ êîðìîâûõóãîäüÿõ // Àãðîõèìè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê, 2015, ¹ 2. - Ñ. 22-24.7. Êðóïíûå ðàäèàöèîííûå àâàðèè: ïîñëåäñòâèÿ è çàùèòíûå ìåðû .Ð.Ì. Àëåêñàõèí, Ë.À. Áóëäàêîâ, Â.À. Ãóáàíîâ è äð. Ïîä îáùåé ðåä. Ë.À.Èëüèíà,è Â.À. Ãóáàíîâà/ - Ì., ÈçäÀÒ, 2001 - 752 ñ.8. Àâàðèÿ íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ è åå ïîñëåäñòâèÿ / Èíôîðìàöèÿ,ïîäãîòîâëåííàÿ äëÿ ñîâåùàíèÿ ýêñïåðòîâ ÌÀÃÀÒÝ (25-29 àâãóñòà1986 ã., Âåíà). Ì., ÃÊÀÝ ÑÑÑÐ, 19869. Èññëåäîâàíèå ôèçè÷åñêèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ðàäèîàêòèâíûõ ãàçî-àýðîçîëüíûõ ïðîäóêòîâ àâàðèè íà ×ÀÝÑ/ ß.È. Ãàçèåâ è äð.// Ðàäèàöè-îííûå àñïåêòû ×åðíîáûëüñêîé àâàðèè/ Òð. Âñåñîþçí. êîíô. Îá-íèíñê, èþíü 1988, Ò.1 ÑÏá.: Ãèäðîìåòåîèçäàò, 1993, Ñ.9810. Èñàìîâ Í.Í., Èñàìîâà Ë.Â., Èñàêîâà Â.Í. Ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîå ñîñòî-ÿíèå êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà íà ðàäèîàêòèâíî çàãðÿçíåííîé òåððèòî-ðèè //Âåòåðèíàðèÿ.- 2000, N3.- Ñ. 57-5911. Êîðíååâ Í.À., Ïîâàëÿåâ À.Ï., Àëåêñàõèí Ð.Ì., Èñàìîâ Í.Í. è äð.Ñôåðà àãðîïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà - ðàäèîëîãè÷åñêèå ïî-ñëåäñòâèÿ àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé àòîìíîé ýëåêòðîñòàíöèè èîñíîâíûå çàùèòíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ// Àòîìíàÿ ýíåðãèÿ. 1988, ò. 65, âûï.2, ñ. 129-13412. Èñàìîâ Í.Í. Æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèå àñïåêòû ðàäèàöèîííîãî ðèñêà èýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîñëåäñòâèé ×åðíîáûëüñêîé àâàðèè // Âåñòíèê ÐÀÑÕÍ.-1997. N 5. - Ñ. 64-6613. Ðàäèîýêîëîãè÷åñêèå îöåíêè ïîñëåäñòâèé àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëü-ñêîé ÀÝÑ äëÿ òåððèòîðèè 30-êì çîíû è Óêðàèíñêîé ÑÑÐ: Îò÷åò î ÍÈÐ.Íàó÷í. ðóê. Ã.Í. Ðîìàíîâ, 1987. (Ôîíäû ÏÎ "Ìàÿê", èíâ. N ÎÍ-1973)14. Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïðîäóêòèâíîñòü ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ âñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè ×åðíîáûëüñêîãî ðåãèîíà / Í.Í. Èñàìîâ, À.Â. Âàñèëü-åâ, Á.Ï. Êðóãëèêîâ è äð.: Ñá. Ðàäèàöèîííûå àñïåêòû ×åðíîáûëüñêîéàâàðèè/ Òð. Âñåñîþç. êîíô. Îá-íèíñê, èþíü 1988. Ò.II. ÑÏá.: Ãèäðîìå-òåîèçäàò, 1993. Ñ. 335-33915. Ôîðìèðîâàíèå äîçîâûõ íàãðóçîê íà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æè-âîòíûõ ïðè àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ è âëèÿíèå èõ ýâàêóàöèè íàïîãëîùåííûå äîçû/ Ð.Ì. Àëåêñàõèí, È.À. Ñàðàïóëüöåâ, Å.Â. Ñïèðèíè äð// Äîêëàäû ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. 1993 Ò. 323 N 3. Ñ. 576-57916. Ðàäèîýêîëîãè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû æèâîòíîâîäñòâà (ïîñëåäñòâèÿ èêîíòðìåðû ïîñëå êàòàñòðîôû íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ) / Ð.Ã. Èëüÿçîâ,Ð.Ì. Àëåêñàõèí, Í.À. Êîðíååâ, À.Í. Ñèðîòêèí è äð.; Ïîä îáù. ðåä. Ð.Ã.Èëüÿçîâà.- Ãîìåëü: "Ïîëåñïå÷àòü", 1996.- 179 ñ.17. Ïðèñòåð Á.Ñ. Ïîñëåäñòâèÿ àâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ äëÿñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà Óêðàèíû. Êèåâ: Óêðàèíà-×åðâåíü. 1999.-103 ñ.18. Ïàíîâ À.Â., Àëåêñàõèí Ð.Ì., Ìóçàëåâñêàÿ À.À. Èçìåíåíèå ýôôåê-òèâíîñòè çàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ñíèæåíèþ íàêîïëåíèÿ 137Ñsñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûìè ðàñòåíèÿìè â ðàçëè÷íûå ïåðèîäû ïîñëåàâàðèè íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ//Ðàäèàöèîííàÿ áèîëîãèÿ. Ðàäèîýêî-ëîãèÿ, 2011, Ò. 51, ¹ 1. - Ñ. 134-153.19. Fesenko S.V., Alexakhin R.M., Balonov M.I., Bogdevich I.M., HowardB.J., Kashparov V.A., Sanzharova N.I., Panov A.V., Voigt G., ZhuchenkoYu.M An extended critical review of twenty years of countermeasures usedin agriculture after the Chernobyl accident //Science of the TotalEnvironment, 2007, Vî1. 383, ¹ 1-3. - Ð. 1-24.20. Fesenko S., Jacob P., Ulanovsky A., Chupov A., Bogdevich I.,Sanzharova N, Kashparov V., Panov A., Zhuchenko Yu. Justification ofremediation strategies in the long term after the Chernobyl accident //Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2013, Vî1. 119. - Ð. 30-47.21. Àëåêñàõèí Ð.Ì., Ðàòíèêîâ À.Í., Âàñèëüåâ À.Â. è äð. Èñïîëüçîâà-

íèå ôåððîöèàíèäñîäåðæàùèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ â æèâîòíîâîäñòâå // Âåñ-òíèê ÐÀÑÕÍ, 1999, ¹ 1.-Ñ. 15-17.22. Ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî âåäåíèþ ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà â óñëîâèÿõ ðàäèî-àêòèâíîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ òåððèòîðèè â ðåçóëüòàòå àâàðèè íà ×åðíî-áûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ íà ïåðèîä 1991-1995 ãã.-Ì., 1991.-58 ñ.23. Ðóêîâîäñòâî ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ êîíòðìåð â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå âñëó÷àå àâàðèéíîãî âûáðîñà ðàäèîíóêëèäîâ â îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó.ÌÀÃÀÒÝ, Âåíà, 1994, IÀÅÀ - ÒÅÑDÎÑ-745, ISSN 1011-4289.24. Ñàíæàðîâà Í.È., Ïàíîâ À.Â., Í.Í. Èñàìîâ Í.Í., Ïðóäíèêîâ Ï.Â.Çàùèòíûå è ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ â ñåëüñêîì õîçÿéñòâå: ê30-ëåòèþ àâàðèè íà ×ÀÝÑ // Àãðîõèìè÷åñêèé âåñòíèê, 2016, ¹2.- Ñ. 5-9.

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Ocenka radiologicheskoj effektivnosti zashitnyh meropriyatij (kontrmer),provodimyh v otdalennyj period posle avarii na Chernobylskoj AES.Metodicheskie rekomendacii. MR 2.6.1.0010-10. - M., 2010. - 32 s.6. Smolskij E.V., Serdyukov A.P., Baturo L.M. Effektivnost agrotehnicheskihi agrohimicheskih priemov na zagryaznennyh kormovyh ugodyah //Agrohimicheskij vestnik, 2015, ¹ 2. - S. 22-24.7. Krupnye radiacionnye avarii: posledstviya i zashitnye mery . R.M.Aleksahin, L.A. Buldakov, V.A. Gubanov i dr. Pod obshej red. L.A. Ilina,iV.A. Gubanova / - M., IzdAT, 2001 - 752 s.8. Avariya na Chernobylskoj AES i ee posledstviya / Informaciya,podgotovlennaya dlya soveshaniya ekspertov MAGATE (25-29 avgusta1986 g., Vena). M., GKAE SSSR, 1986.9. Issledovanie fizicheskih harakteristik radioaktivnyh gazo-aerozolnyhproduktov avarii na ChAES/ Ya.I. Gaziev i dr. // Radiacionnye aspektyChernobylskoj avarii/ Tr. Vsesoyuzn. konf. Obninsk, iyun 1988, T.1 SPb.:Gidrometeoizdat, 1993, S.9810. Fiziologicheskoe sostoyanie krupnogo rogatogo skota na radioaktivnozagryaznennoj territorii // Veterinariya.- 1999, N3.- S. 57-5911. Korneev N.A., Povalyaev A.P., Aleksahin R.M., Isamov N.N. i dr. Sferaagropromyshlennogo proizvodstva - radiologicheskie posledstviya avariina Chernobylskoj atomnoj elektrostancii i osnovnye zashitnye meropriyatiya// Atomnaya energiya. 1988, t. 65, vyp. 2, s. 129-13412. Isamov N.N. Zhivotnovodcheskie aspekty radiacionnogo riska iekologicheskih posledstvij Chernobylskoj avarii // Vestnik RASHN.-1997.N 5. - S. 64-6613. Radioekologicheskie ocenki posledstvij avarii na Chernobylskoj AESdlya territorii 30-km zony i Ukrainskoj SSR: Otchet o NIR. Nauchn. ruk.G.N. Romanov, 1987. (Fondy PO "Mayak", inv. N ON-1973)14. Sostoyanie i produktivnost selskohozyajstvennyh zhivotnyh v severnojchasti Chernobylskogo regiona / N.N. Isamov, A.V. Vasilev, B.P. Kruglikovi dr.: Sb. Radiacionnye aspekty Chernobylskoj avarii / Tr. Vsesoyuz. konf.Obninsk, iyun 1988. T.II. SPb.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1993. S. 335-33915. Formirovanie dozovyh nagruzok na selskohozyajstvennyh zhivotnyhpri avarii na Chernobylskoj AES i vliyanie ih evakuacii na pogloshennyedozy/ R.M. Aleksahin, I.A. Sarapulcev, E.V. Spirin i dr// Doklady AN SSSR.1993 T. 323 N 3. S. 576-57916. Radioekologicheskie aspekty zhivotnovodstva (posledstviya i kontrmeryposle katastrofy na Chernobylskoj AES) / R.G. Ilyazov, R.M. Aleksahin,N.A. Korneev, A.N. Sirotkin i dr.; Pod obsh. red. R.G. Ilyazova.- Gomel:"Polespechat", 1996.- 179 s.17. B.S. Prister. Posledstviya avarii na Chernobylskoj AES dlya selskogohozyajstva Ukrainy. Kiev: Ukraina-Cherven. 1999.-103 s.18. Panov A.V., Aleksahin R.M., Muzalevskaya A.A. Izmenenie effektivnostizashitnyh meropriyatij po snizheniyu nakopleniya 137Ssselskohozyajstvennymi rasteniyami v razlichnye periody posle avarii naChernobylskoj AES//Radiacionnaya biologiya. Radioekologiya, 2011, T.51, ¹ 1. - S. 134-153.19. Fesenko S.V., Alexakhin R.M., Balonov M.I., Bogdevich I.M., HowardB.J., Kashparov V.A., Sanzharova N.I., Panov A.V., Voigt G., ZhuchenkoYu.M An extended critical review of twenty years of countermeasures usedin agriculture after the Chernobyl accident // Science of the TotalEnvironment, 2007, Vî1. 383, ¹ 1-3. - Ð. 1-24.20. Fesenko S., Jacob P., Ulanovsky A., Chupov A., Bogdevich I.,Sanzharova N, Kashparov V., Panov A., Zhuchenko Yu. Justification ofremediation strategies in the long term after the Chernobyl accident //Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2013, Vî1. 119. - Ð. 30-47.21. Aleksahin R.M., Ratnikov A.N., Vasilev A.V. i dr. Ispolzovanieferrocianidsoderzhashih preparatov v zhivotnovodstve // Vestnik RASHN,1999, ¹ 1.-S. 15-17.22. Rekomendacii po vedeniyu selskogo hozyajstva v usloviyahradioaktivnogo zagryazneniya territorii v rezultate avarii na ChernobylskojAES na period 1991-1995 gg.-M., 1991.-58 s.23. Rukovodstvo po primeneniyu kontrmer v selskom hozyajstve v sluchaeavarijnogo vybrosa radionuklidov v okruzhayushuyu sredu. MAGATE,Vena, 1994, IAEA - TESDOS-745, ISSN 1011-4289.24. N.I. Sanzharova, A.V. Panov, N.N. Isamov, P.V. Prudnikov. Zashitnyei reabilitacionnye meropriyatiya v selskom hozyajstve: k 30-letiyu avarii naChAES. // Agrohimicheskij vestnik, 2016, ¹2 S. 5-9


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-11ÓÄÊ: 619:615.9:616-001.28/.29:619:615.1

ÔÃÁÍÓ «ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ» — 60 ëåòèññëåäîâàíèé Öåíòðà íà ñëóæáåó âåòåðèíàðíîé ïðàêòèêè ñòðàíû

Óâàåâ Â.Â., ê.õ.í., äèðåêòîðÍàñûáóëëèíà Æ.Ð., âðèî äèðåêòîðàÂàñèëåâñêèé Í.Ì., ä.â.í., çàìåñòèòåëü äèðåêòîðà ïîíàó÷íîé ðàáîòå è èííîâàöèÿìÇàéíóëëèí Ë.È., ê.á.í., çàìåñòèòåëü äèðåêòîðà ïîíàó÷íî-îáðàçîâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè è êà÷åñòâó Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîå íàó÷íîåó÷ðåæäåíèå "Ôåäåðàëüíûé öåíòð òîêñèêîëîãè÷åñêîé,ðàäèàöèîííîé è áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè" (ÔÃÁÍÓ"ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ"), ã. Êàçàíü, [email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà. Òîêñèêàíòû, ðàäèîáèîëîãèÿ, áèî-áåçîïàñíîñòü, áîëåçíè æèâîòíûõ, ôàðìàöåâòèêà.

Ðåçþìå. Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîå íà-ó÷íîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå "Ôåäåðàëüíûé öåíòð òîêñèêîëîãè÷åñ-êîé, ðàäèàöèîííîé è áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè" (ÔÃÁÍÓ"ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ" ã. Êàçàíü, "Öåíòð") (äî äåêàáðÿ 2004 ã.Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé âåòåðèíàðíûéèíñòèòóò) – ñîçäàíî â 1960 ãîäó Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì ÑîâåòàÌèíèñòðîâ ÑÑÑÐ ¹ 1377-611 è îïðåäåëåíî Ìèíèñòåð-ñòâîì ñåëüñêîãî õîçÿéñòâà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ãîëîâ-íûì íàó÷íûì ó÷ðåæäåíèåì ïî òîêñèêîëîãè÷åñêîé, ðàäèà-öèîííîé è áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè, äåïîíèðóåò îñîáîîïàñíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû äëÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ íóæä è ÿâ-ëÿåòñÿ Ïðåöèçèîííûì öåíòðîì ïî ðàçðàáîòêå ìåòîäîâ âûÿâ-ëåíèÿ è îöåíêå ðàäèîàêòèâíîãî çàðàæåíèÿ, èíäèêàöèè ñèëü-íîäåéñòâóþùèõ ÿäîâèòûõ âåùåñòâ, òîêñèêàíòîâ è âîçáóäè-òåëåé èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé â îáúåêòàõ îêðóæàþùåé ñðå-äû, ïàòîëîãè÷åñêîì ìàòåðèàëå, ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé ïðî-äóêöèè îòå÷åñòâåííîãî è èìïîðòíîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà, ïðîâî-äèò ðàáîòû ïî ðàçðàáîòêå, ïðîèçâîäñòâó è âíåäðåíèþ ëåêàð-ñòâåííûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ, íåîáõî-äèìûõ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿ-òèé; îðãàíèçóåò êóðñû ïîâûøåíèÿ êâàëèôèêàöèè.

Íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîâîäÿòñÿ â 15 ëàáîðàòîðíûõ èâèâàðíûõ êîðïóñàõ, âêëþ÷àÿ óíèêàëüíûå ðàäèîáèîëîãè÷åñ-êèé è "äèîêñèíîâûé" êîðïóñà, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèå çàìêíóòûéòåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé öèêë. Â Öåíòðå ðàáîòàþò âûñîêîêâàëèôè-öèðîâàííûå êàäðû: áîëåå 130 äîêòîðîâ è êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê.

Îäíèì èç êðóïíûõ ïîäðàçäåëåíèé Öåíòðà ÿâëÿåòñÿîòäåëåíèå òîêñèêîëîãèè, ãäå ïðîâîäÿòñÿ øèðîêîìàñøòàá-íûå òåîðåòè÷åñêèå è ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîèçó÷åíèþ ìåõàíèçìà äåéñòâèÿ òîêñè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ íàîðãàíèçìåííîì, îðãàííîì, êëåòî÷íîì è ìîëåêóëÿðíîì óðîâ-íÿõ è èçûñêàíèþ ñðåäñòâ è ìåòîäîâ äèàãíîñòèêè, ëå÷åíèÿè ïðîôèëàêòèêè îòðàâëåíèé æèâîòíûõ.

FGBSI «FCTRB-VNIVI» — 60 yearsresearches of the center on the servicefor veterinary practice of the countryUvaev V.V., PhD in chemistry, directorNasybullina J.R. temporarily directorVasilevsky N.M., DvM, deputy directorZaynullin L.I., PhD in biology, deputy directorFederal government budgetary scientific institution "Federalcenter of toxicological, radiation and biological safety"(FGBSI "FCTRB-VNIVI"), Kazan state, [email protected]

Key words. Toxicants, radiobiology, biosafety, animaldiseases, pharmaceuticals.

Abstract. Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution“Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and BiologicalSafety” (FSBSI “FCTRBS-RRVI” hereafter referred to as“Center”) (to December 2004 – Russian Research VeterinaryInstitute) was established in 1960 by the Decree No. 1377-611of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The Ministry ofAgriculture of the Russian Federation determined the Center asthe head scientific institution for toxicological, radiation andbiological safety. The Institution is a Precision Center ofdeveloping a methodology for identifying and evaluatingradioactive contamination, indicating potent toxic substances,toxicants and pathogens of infectious diseases in environmentalobjects, pathological material, agricultural goods of domesticand import production. The Center deposits especially dangerousmicroorganisms for state needs; works on the development,production and introduction of medicines for veterinary usenecessary for anti-epizootic measures; organizes the courses ofadvanced studies.

Scientific research is conducted in 15 laboratory andvivarium boxes, including special radiobiological and “dioxin”boxes, which provide a closed technological cycle.

The Center employs highly qualified personnel: more than130 Doctors and Candidates of Sciences.

The Department of Toxicology, one of the major divisionsof the Center, conducts large-scale theoretical and experimentalstudies to analyze the mechanism of action of toxic substancesat the body, organ, cellular and molecular levels and to findmeans and methods for diagnosing, treating and preventinganimal poisoning. Toxicologists have developed fundamentallynew therapeutic and preventive antidotes of prolonged action,which protect animals from poisoning by toxic substances, andhighly sensitive express methods for their indication, monitoringtoxic substances of technogenic and natural origin in all parts ofthe trophic chain: soil-plants-animal products (includingimported products).

To eliminate the effects of exposure to highly active chemicaltoxic substances at the objects of veterinary supervision theCenter created facilities (receipts) that have no analogues inworld practice.

The results of studies on the development of MPC andMRL of potent toxic substances in feed and water, organochlorineand organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxinsand dioxin are important in research and practice. The drug“Adilin-super” has been developed and is widely used foremergency immobilization and mass bloodless slaughter ofanimals in the field. The study of the mechanism of the toxiceffect of dioxins and the search for means of treatment andprevention of dioxin toxicosis is a significant aspect of the workof the Department.

The Center created and operates unique radiobiologicalcomplex, where complex fundamental and applied research is

Óâàåâ Â.Â.Uvaev V.V.


ÔÃÁÍÓ «ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ» — 60 ëåò îáåñïå÷åíèÿ áåçîïàñíîñòè àãðîïðîìûøëåííîãî êîìïëåêñà ñòðàíû /Óâàåâ Â.Â. [è äð.] // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. — 2020. — ¹ 2. — Ñ. 46-49.FGBSI «FCTRB-VNIVI» - 60 years safety assurance of the country agriculture complex /Uvaev V.V. [et. al.] //Veterinaria I kormlenie. – 2020. – N 2.– P. 46-49.


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Ó÷åíûìè-òîêñèêîëîãàìè ðàçðàáîòàíû ïðèíöèïèàëüíîíîâûå ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèå àíòèäîòû ïðîëîíãèðîâàí-íîãî äåéñòâèÿ, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèå çàùèòó æèâîòíûõ îò îòðàâ-ëåíèÿ òîêñè÷åñêèìè âåùåñòâàìè, è âûñîêî÷óâñòâèòåëüíûåýêñïðåññ-ìåòîäû èõ èíäèêàöèè, âåäåòñÿ ìîíèòîðèíã òîêñè-÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ òåõíîãåííîãî è ïðèðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿâî âñåõ çâåíüÿõ òðîôè÷åñêîé öåïè: ïî÷âà-ðàñòåíèÿ-æèâîò-íûå-ïðîäóêöèÿ, âêëþ÷àÿ èìïîðòèðóåìóþ ïðîäóêöèþ.

Äëÿ ëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåäñòâèé âîçäåéñòâèÿ ñèëüíî äåé-ñòâóþùèõ õèìè÷åñêèõ òîêñè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ íà îáúåêòàõâåòåðèíàðíîãî íàäçîðà ñîçäàíû ñðåäñòâà (ðåöåïòóðû), íåèìåþùèå àíàëîãîâ â ìèðîâîé ïðàêòèêå.

Âàæíûìè â íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîì îòíîøåíèè ÿâëÿþò-ñÿ ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ðàçðàáîòêå ÏÄÊ è ÌÄÓñèëüíîäåéñòâóþùèõ ÿäîâèòûõ âåùåñòâ â êîðìàõ è âîäå,õëîðîðãàíè÷åñêèõ è ôîñôîðîðãàíè÷åñêèõ ïåñòèöèäîâ, òÿ-æåëûõ ìåòàëëîâ, ìèêîòîêñèíîâ è äèîêñèíà. Äëÿ ýêñòðåí-íîãî îáåçäâèæèâàíèÿ è ìàññîâîãî áåñêðîâíîãî óáîÿ æè-âîòíûõ â ïîëåâûõ óñëîâèÿõ ðàçðàáîòàí è íàõîäèò øèðîêîåïðèìåíåíèå ïðåïàðàò "Àäèëèí-ñóïåð". Â ðàáîòå îòäåëàçíà÷èòåëüíîå ìåñòî çàíèìàåò èçó÷åíèå ìåõàíèçìà òîêñè-÷åñêîãî äåéñòâèÿ äèîêñèíîâ è èçûñêàíèå ñðåäñòâ ëå÷åíèÿè ïðîôèëàêòèêè äèîêñèíîâûõ òîêñèêîçîâ.

Â Öåíòðå ñîçäàí è ôóíêöèîíèðóåò óíèêàëüíûé ðàäèî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèé êîìïëåêñ, ãäå ïðîâîäÿòñÿ ñëîæíûå ôóíäà-ìåíòàëüíûå è ïðèêëàäíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþçàùèòû, ïðîôèëàêòèêè è ëå÷åíèÿ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõæèâîòíûõ îò ðàäèàöèîííûõ ïîðàæåíèé ñ ïðèìåíåíèåìñîâðåìåííîé îáëó÷àòåëüíîé òåõíèêè.

Íàèáîëåå çíà÷èìûìè àñïåêòàìè íàó÷íîãî ïîèñêà ÿâ-ëÿþòñÿ ðàçðàáîòêà áèîïðîòåêòîðà ïðîëîíãèðîâàííîãî äåé-ñòâèÿ (ðàäèîâàêöèíû) íà îñíîâå öèòîïëàçìåííîãî àíòèãå-íà èç îðãàíîâ îáëó÷åííûõ æèâîòíûõ è ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ èíå èìåþùèé àíàëîãîâ îðèãèíàëüíûé ñïîñîá äèàãíîñòèêèëó÷åâîé áîëåçíè ïóòåì èíäèêàöèè ðàäèîèíäóöèðîâàííûõàíòèãåíîâ â ïåðèôåðè÷åñêîé êðîâè îáëó÷åííûõ æèâîòíûõñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñîâðåìåííûõ ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñ-êèõ è èììóíîõèìè÷åñêèõ òåñò-ñèñòåì.

Ðàçðàáîòàíà òåõíîëîãèÿ èçãîòîâëåíèÿ ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõäèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ íàáîðîâ (èììóíîôåðìåíòíûé êîíüþãàò,àíòèòåëüíûé ýðèòðîöèòàðíûé äèàãíîñòèêóì è ëó÷åâîé àë-ëåðãåí) äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ èììóíîõèìè÷åñêèõ, ñåðîëîãè÷åñ-êèõ è àëëåðãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñ öåëüþ èíäèêàöèèðàäèîèíäóöèðîâàííûõ òîêñèíîâ è ëó÷åâûõ ñåíñèáèëèçà-òîðîâ ïðè îñòðîé ëó÷åâîé áîëåçíè. Àïðîáèðîâàíû áèîõè-ìè÷åñêèå ãåíåòè÷åñêèå òåñò-ñèñòåìû äëÿ óñêîðåííîé äèàã-íîñòèêè ÎËÁ è ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ åå èñõîäà.

Ðàçðàáîòàíû è âíåäðåíû ìåòîäè÷åñêèå óêàçàíèÿ ïî âûÿâ-ëåíèþ ðàäèîèíäóöèðîâàííûõ àíòèãåíîâ â ïðîäóêöèè æèâîò-íîãî è ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ è ïðèìåíåíèþ ìåòîäîâÈÔÀ è ÐÍÃÀ äëÿ ðàííåé äèàãíîñòèêè çàáîëåâàíèé æèâîò-íûõ, ïîäâåðãíóòûõ âîçäåéñòâèþ èîíèçèðóþùåãî èçëó÷åíèÿ.

Â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû Öåíòð àêòèâíî ñîòðóäíè÷àåò ñ ãîñ-êîðïîðàöèåé "Ðîñàòîì" ïî âíåäðåíèþ ìàëûõ äîç îáëó÷å-íèÿ â íàðîäíîå õîçÿéñòâî ñòðàíû.

Ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ "áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ áåçîïàñíîñòü" ïðîâî-äèòñÿ ýïèçîîòîëîãè÷åñêèé è èììóíîëîãè÷åñêèé ìîíèòî-ðèíã áðóöåëëåçà, ñèáèðñêîé ÿçâû, õëàìèäèîçîâ, Ê×Ñ, áå-øåíñòâà, íåêðîáàêòåðèîçà, ðîòà-, êîðîíàâèðóñíîé èíôåê-öèè ìîëîäíÿêà, ñàëüìîíåëëåçà, ëåéêîçà è äðóãèõ èíôåêöèéâî ìíîãèõ ðåãèîíàõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè.

Óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíû ñðåäñòâà äèàãíîñòèêè îñîáî îïàñ-íûõ áîëåçíåé ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì íîâûõ ïðàéìåðîâ äëÿ ÏÖÐ,ìîíîêëîíàëüíûõ àíòèòåë, ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûõ ê âèðóñàì êóëü-òóð êëåòîê, íîâûõ ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ.

Â ðåçóëüòàòå ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîëó÷å-íû øòàììû, íà îñíîâå êîòîðûõ ñîçäàíû è âíåäðåíû ââåòåðèíàðíóþ ïðàêòèêó âûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûå âàêöèíû ïðî-òèâ áðóöåëëåçà, õëàìèäèîçîâ, íåêðîáàêòåðèîçà, ïàðàãðèï-ïà-3 è èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðàõåèòà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêî-òà; õëàìèäèîçîâ ñâèíåé; èíôåêöèîííûõ æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷-íûõ çàáîëåâàíèé ìîëîäíÿêà ñåëüõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ.Â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû â Öåíòðå ðàçâåðíóòû çíà÷èòåëüíûå èññëå-äîâàíèÿ è ñêîíñòðóèðîâàíû âàêöèíû íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ ïó-

òåì îáëó÷åíèÿ g-ëó÷àìè âèðóëåíòíûõ è âàêöèííûõ øòàì-ìîâ âîçáóäèòåëåé êëàññè÷åñêîé ÷óìû ñâèíåé, áîëåçíè Àóåñ-êè, ñèáèðñêîé ÿçâû, áðóöåëëåçà, ñàïà. Îäíèì èç íàïðàâëå-íèé èññëåäîâàíèé ñîòðóäíèêîâ îòäåëåíèÿ áèîòåõíîëîãèéÿâëÿåòñÿ òàêæå ýêîëîãî- è áèîòåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ïóòè ðåãóëè-ðîâàíèÿ è óïðàâëåíèÿ êà÷åñòâîì âîäíûõ è çåìåëüíûõ ðåñóð-ñîâ, çàãðÿçíÿåìûõ îòõîäàìè áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäå-íèÿ (ñòîêè æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõ êîìïëåêñîâ).

Àêòóàëüíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ âîçáóäèòåëåé áîëåçíåé ÷å-ëîâåêà è æèâîòíûõ, îòíîñÿùèõñÿ êî II ãðóïïå ïàòîãåííîñ-òè, ïðîâîäÿòñÿ â îòêðûòîì â 2013 ãîäó Íàó÷íî-èííîâàöè-îííîì öåíòðå, ãäå ñîñðåäîòî÷åíî óíèêàëüíîå íàó÷íîå îáî-ðóäîâàíèå è ñîçäàíû íåîáõîäèìûå óñëîâèÿ.

Êàäðîâûé ïîòåíöèàë ÔÃÁÍÓ "ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ" ñîèç-ìåðèì ñ òåìè çàäà÷àìè, êîòîðûå íà íåãî âîçëîæåíû. Âëàáîðàòîðèÿõ ðàáîòàþò âûñîêîêâàëèôèöèðîâàííûå êàä-ðû: áîëåå 130 äîêòîðîâ è êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê, â ÷èñëå êîòîðûõ5 ëàóðåàòîâ Ãîñïðåìèé ÐÒ â îáëàñòè íàóêè è òåõíèêè, 16çàñëóæåííûõ äåÿòåëåé íàóêè è çàñëóæåííûõ ðàáîòíèêîâÀÏÊ ÐÔ è ÐÒ.

carried out to ensure the protection, prevention and treatment offarm animals from radiation injuries using modern irradiationequipment.

The most significant aspects of scientific research are thedevelopment of a prolonged-action bioprotective agent(radiovaccine) based on a cytoplasmic antigen from organs ofirradiated animals and microorganisms and an unique method fordiagnosing radiation sickness by indicating radio-induced antigensin the peripheral blood of irradiated animals using modernmolecular biological and immunochemical tests -systems.

The Department developed the technology of the productionof specific diagnostic kits (enzyme immunoassay, antibody-basederythrocyte diagnosticum and radiation allergen) for conductingimmunochemical, serological and allergic studies to indicate radio-induced toxins and radiation sensitizers in acute radiation sickness.Scientists have tested biochemical genetic test systems for accelerateddiagnosis of ARS and prediction of its outcome.

Methodological guidelines have been developed andimplemented to identify radio-induced antigens in animal andvegetable products and to use EIA and IHT methods for earlydiagnosis of animal diseases exposed to ionizing radiation.

In recent years, the Center has been actively cooperatingwith State Corporation named “Rosatom” on the introduction ofsmall doses of radiation in the national economy.

Epizootological and immunological monitoring ofbrucellosis, anthrax, chlamydia, CoES, rabies, necrobacteriosis,rota-, coronavirus infection of young animals, salmonellosis,leukemia and other infections is carried out in the field ofbiological safety in many regions of the Russian Federation.

Diagnostic tools for especially dangerous diseases havebeen improved using new primers for PCR, monoclonalantibodies sensitive to cell culture viruses, and newmicrobiological agents.

As a result of basic research, strains were obtained, on thebasis of which highly effective vaccines against brucellosis,chlamydia, necrobacteriosis, parainfluenza-3 and infectiousrhinotracheitis of cattle were created and introduced intoveterinary practice; pig chlamydia; infectious gastrointestinaldiseases of young farm animals. In recent years, the Center haslaunched significant research and constructed new-generationvaccines by irradiating with g-rays virulent and vaccine strainsof the causative agents of classical swine fever, Aujeszky'sdisease, anthrax, brucellosis, glanders. One of the areas ofresearch by employees of the biotechnology department is alsothe environmental and biotechnological ways of regulating andmanaging the quality of water and land resources polluted bywaste of biological origin (effluents of livestock complexes).

Actual studies of pathogens of humans and animals belongingto the II group of pathogenicity are carried out in the Scientific-Innovation Center opened in 2013, with concentration of uniquescientific equipment and creation of the necessary conditions.


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Èíñòèòóò èìååò ëèöåíçèè íà ïðàâî îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ:ðàáîò ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñâåäåíèé, ñîñòàâëÿþùèõ ãîñóäàð-ñòâåííóþ òàéíó; îáðàçîâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè â ñôåðåïîñëåâóçîâñêîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ è ïîâûøåíèÿ êâàëèôèêàöèèðóêîâîäÿùèõ ðàáîòíèêîâ è ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî ïðîôèëþ ó÷-ðåæäåíèÿ; ðàáîò ñ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìàìè II-IV ãðóïï ïàòîãåí-íîñòè. Èìååò àêêðåäèòîâàííûé Èñïûòàòåëüíûé öåíòðà ïîèññëåäîâàíèþ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî ñûðüÿ è ïèùåâîéïðîäóêöèè.

Îäíèì èç êðóïíûõ ïîäðàçäåëåíèé Öåíòðà ÿâëÿþòñÿïîäðàçäåëåíèÿ òîêñèêîëîãèè, ãäå ïðîâîäÿòñÿ øèðîêîìàñ-øòàáíûå ïðèêëàäíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ õèìè-êî-òîêñèêîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé â ëàáîðàòîðèÿõ èñ-ïîëüçóåòñÿ ñîâðåìåííîå âûñîêîòî÷íîå íàó÷íîå îáîðóäî-âàíèå íà óðîâíå ìèðîâûõ ñòàíäàðòîâ. Çíà÷èòåëüíûé âêëàäâ èõ ðàçâèòèå âíåñëè ó÷åíûå, â ðàçíîå âðåìÿ ðóêîâîäèâøèåýòèìè ïîäðàçäåëåíèÿìè – ïðîôåññîðà Ê.Õ. Ìîðîçîâñêèé,Ã.Í. Êîðæåâåíêî, Ï.Ê. Ñìåòîâ, ïðîôåññîð Ì.ß. Òðåìàñîâ.

Â ëàáîðàòîðèÿõ ðàçðàáîòàíû ýôôåêòèâíûå ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèå ïðåïàðàòû, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèå çàùèòóæèâîòíûõ îò îòðàâëåíèÿ òîêñè÷åñêèìè âåùåñòâàìè, è âû-ñîêî÷óâñòâèòåëüíûå ýêñïðåññ-ìåòîäû èõ èíäèêàöèè, âå-äåòñÿ àíàëèç ñîäåðæàíèÿ òîêñè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ òåõíîãåí-íîãî è ïðèðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ.

Ñîòðóäíèêè Öåíòðà îñóùåñòâëÿþò ýêñïåäèöèîííûåâûåçäû â ïî âûÿâëåíèþ ïðè÷èí ìàññîâûõ òîêñèêîçîâ æè-âîòíûõ è îêàçàíèþ ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ïîìîùè ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííîìó ïðîèçâîäñòâó ïðè ëå÷åíèè è ïðîôèëàêòèêå íå-çàðàçíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ. Âàæíîé ðàçðàáîòêîé îòäåëàÿâëÿåòñÿ íå èìåþùèé àíàëîãîâ ïðåïàðàò "Àäèëèí-ñóïåð",ñ óñïåõîì ïðèìåíÿåìûé â î÷àãàõ îñîáîîïàñíûõ çàáîëåâà-íèé æèâîòíûõ, ò.ê. ãðèïï ïòèö è àôðèêàíñêàÿ ÷óìà ñâèíåé.

Øèðîêîìàñøòàáíîå ïðèìåíåíèå ïðåïàðàòà Àäèëèí-ñóïåð íà÷àëîñü åùå â 1995 ãîäó, êîãäà ïî çàäàíèþ Äåïàð-òàìåíòà âåòåðèíàðèè Ìèíñåëüõîçïðîäà Ðîññèè ýòîò ïðåïà-ðàò áûë èñïîëüçîâàí ïðè ëèêâèäàöèè î÷àãà ÿùóðà â ÒÎÎ"Ïåòðîâñêîå" Ëþáåðåöêîãî ðàéîíà Ìîñêîâñêîé îáëàñòè.Áûëî ïîäâåðãíóòî áåñêðîâíîìó óáîþ áîëåå 5000 ñâèíåé.Ïðåïàðàò, êàê åäèíñòâåííîå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííîå ëåêàð-ñòâåííîå ñðåäñòâî, ñ ó÷àñòèåì ñîòðóäíèêîâ èíñòèòóòà ïðè-ìåíÿëñÿ ïðè ëèêâèäàöèè ýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ î÷àãîâ âûñîêîïà-òîãåííîãî ãðèïïà ïòèö â ðåãèîíàõ Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè – âÍîâîñèáèðñêîé, Îìñêîé, Òþìåíñêîé îáëàñòÿõ è Àëòàéñ-êîì êðàå â 2005 ãîäó.

Â 2008–2010 ãîäàõ ñîâìåñòíî ñ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé âåòå-ðèíàðíîé ñëóæáîé ñóáúåêòîâ, ìóíèöèïàëüíûìè îðãàíàìèâëàñòè, ñòðóêòóðàìè Ì×Ñ è ÌÂÄ ïðîâîäèëàñü ðàáîòà ïîëèêâèäàöèè ýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ î÷àãîâ àôðèêàíñêîé ÷óìû ñâè-íåé â Ðîñòîâñêîé îáëàñòè, Ñòàâðîïîëüñêîì è Êðàñíîäàðñ-êîì êðàÿõ, à òàêæå â óãðîæàåìûõ çîíàõ âîêðóã ýïèçîîòè-÷åñêèõ äàííûõ î÷àãîâ.

Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ýïèçîîòè÷åñêàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ïî À×Ñ îñòà-åòñÿ íàïðÿæåííîé: íà 20 ìàðòà 2020 ãîäà â ÐîññèéñêîéÔåäåðàöèè àôðèêàíñêàÿ ÷óìà ñâèíåé çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà â12 ñóáúåêòàõ è êóäà ïî çàÿâêàì ðåãèîíàëüíûõ âåòåðèíàð-íûõ îðãàíîâ íàïðàâëÿåòñÿ äàííûé ïðåïàðàò.

Â öåíòðå ñîçäàí è ôóíêöèîíèðóåò óíèêàëüíûé ðàäèî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèé êîìïëåêñ, ãäå ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì åãî îñíî-âàòåëÿ ÷ë.- êîðð. ÀÍ ÐÒ Â.À. Êèðøèíà áûëè ïðîâåäåíûèññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ðàäèàöèîííîé ïàòîëîãèè æèâîòíûõ ïðèâíåøíåì è âíóòðåííåì îáëó÷åíèÿõ, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëèëè ñíîâûõ ïîçèöèé îöåíèòü ðàäèàöèîííûå èçìåíåíèÿ è âûÿ-âèòü ðàííèå íåèçâåñòíûå ñòîðîíû ïàòîãåíåçà ëó÷åâîãîïîðàæåíèÿ. Çà ðàçðàáîòêó ñïîñîáà ïðîòèâîðàäèàöèîííîéçàùèòû æèâîòíûõ ðÿä ñîòðóäíèêîâ îòäåëà áûëè óäîñòîå-íû çâàíèÿ ëàóðåàòîâ Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ïðåìèè ÑÑÑÐ âîáëàñòè íàóêè è òåõíèêè. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñ ïåðâûõ äíåé ïîñëåàâàðèè ðåàêòîðà íà ×åðíîáûëüñêîé ÀÝÑ ñîòðóäíèêè ó÷-ðåæäåíèÿ ó÷àñòâîâàëè â îðãàíèçàöèè è ïðîâåäåíèè ìåðîï-ðèÿòèé ïî ëèêâèäàöèè ïîñëåäñòâèé àâàðèè è ïîêàçàëèâûñîêèé óðîâåíü êîìïåòåíòíîñòè â äèàãíîñòèêå è ïðîãíî-çèðîâàíèè ïîñëåäñòâèé âîçäåéñòâèÿ ðàäèàöèîííîãî ôàê-òîðà íà æèâîòíûõ.

Â àðñåíàëå äîñòèæåíèé îòäåëà òàêèå ðàçðàáîòêè, êàêìåòîäû çàùèòû æèâîòíûõ îò èîíèçèðóþùèõ èçëó÷åíèé ââèäå ïðîòèâîðàäèàöèîííûõ ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõèììóíîãëîáóëèíîâ; ñåðîëîãè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû ðàííåé äèàã-íîñòèêè è ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèÿ ñòåïåíè òÿæåñòè ðàäèàöèîí-íûõ ïîðàæåíèé; ìåòîäû ðàäèîñòèìóëÿöèè ïðîäóêòèâíîñ-òè æèâîòíûõ è ïòèö è ìíîãîå äðóãîå. Íîâèçíà ýòèõ èññëå-äîâàíèé ïîäòâåðæäåíà äåñÿòêàìè àâòîðñêèõ ñâèäåòåëüñòâè ïàòåíòîâ.

Ïðîáëåìà îáåñïå÷åíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòèÿâëÿþòñÿ íåîòúåìëåìîé ÷àñòüþ ðàáîòû Ôåäåðàëüíîãî öåí-òðà òîêñèêîëîãè÷åñêîé, ðàäèàöèîííîé è áèîëîãè÷åñêîéáåçîïàñíîñòè. Ðåøàòü àêòóàëüíûå ïðîáëåìû èíôåêöèîííûõïàòîëîãèé æèâîòíûõ ïðèçâàíû ïîäðàçäåëåíèÿ áèîëîãè÷åñ-êîé áåçîïàñíîñòè â êîòîðûõ ïðîâîäÿòñÿ ïðèêëàäíûå íàó÷-íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ðàçðàáîòêå ñðåäñòâ è ìåòîäîâ äèàãíî-ñòèêè è ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé ïðîôèëàêòèêè áðóöåëëåçà, ñèáèðñ-êîé ÿçâû, áåøåíñòâà, ñàïà, õëàìèäèîçîâ, èíôåêöèîííîãîêåðàòîêîíúþíêòèâèòà, íåêðîáàêòåðèîçà, ðîòî- êîðîíàâèðóñ-íûõ èíôåêöèé ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ, êëàññè÷åñ-êîé ÷óìû ñâèíåé è äðóãèõ èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé.

Â ðåçóëüòàòå ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïîëó÷å-íû øòàììû, íà îñíîâå êîòîðûõ ñîçäàíû è âíåäðåíû ââåòåðèíàðíóþ ïðàêòèêó âûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûå âàêöèíû ïðî-òèâ áðóöåëëåçà, õëàìèäèîçîâ, íåêðîáàêòåðèîçà, ïàðàãðèï-ïà-3 è èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðàõåèòà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãîñêîòà, èíôåêöèîííûõ æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íûõ çàáîëåâàíèéìîëîäíÿêà ñåëüõîçæèâîòíûõ.

Îñîáîå ïðèçíàíèå ó ïðàêòèêîâ ïîëó÷èëà ïðîòèâîáðó-öåëëåçíàÿ âàêöèíà èç øòàììà B. abortus 82, êîòîðàÿ ïðèêà-çîì Ãëàââåòóïðà ÌÑÕ ÑÑÑÐ çà ¹ 98 îò 18 àâãóñòà 1988ãîäà áûëà âíåäðåíà â âåòåðèíàðíóþ ïðàêòèêó ñòðàíû äëÿáîðüáû ñ áðóöåëëåçîì êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Áëàãîäàðÿïðèìåíåíèþ äàííîé âàêöèíû áûëî îçäîðîâëåíû áîëüøîåêîëè÷åñòâî íåáëàãîïîëó÷íûå ïóíêòîâ íå òîëüêî íà òåððè-òîðèè ÐÔ, íî è ðÿäà ñòðàí ÑÍÃ. Ñåãîäíÿ äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêèáðóöåëëåçà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðà-öèè, â îñíîâíîì, ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ äàííàÿ âàêöèíà: â 2016 ã. â 34ñóáúåêòàõ ñòðàíû åþ áûëî èììóíèçèðîâàíî 1487,6 òûñ.ãîëîâ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà ðàçíîãî âîçðàñòà.

Ïî ïîðó÷åíèþ ïåðâîãî çàìåñòèòåëÿ Ìèíèñòðà ñåëüñ-êîãî õîçÿéñòâà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè Ä.Õ. Õàòóîâà â 2016ãîäó ðàçðàáîòàíû è ïðåäñòàâëåíû â Äåïàðòàìåíò âåòåðèíà-ðèè Ìèíñåëüõîçà Ðîññèè Âåòåðèíàðíûå ïðàâèëà îñóùåñòâ-ëåíèÿ ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèõ, äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ, îãðàíè÷èòåëü-íûõ è èíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé, óñòàíîâëåíèÿ è îòìåíû îãðàíè÷å-íèé, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà ïðåäîòâðàùåíèå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ èëèêâèäàöèþ î÷àãîâ: èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðàõåèòà êðóïíî-ãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, íåêðîáàêòåðèîçà, áåøåíñòâà, áðóöåëëåçà,ïàðàãðèïïà-3 êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, Àóåñêè, õëàìèäèîçàñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ, ëèõîðàäêè Êó, ñàïà.

Â îáùåé ñëîæíîñòè ñîòðóäíèêàìè ÔÃÁÍÓ "ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ" ðàçðàáîòàíî è âíåäðåíî â âåòåðèíàðíóþ ïðàêòè-êó áîëåå ñîòíè âåòåðèíàðíûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ è íàó÷íî-òåõíè-÷åñêèõ äîêóìåíòîâ, ïîëó÷åíî ñâûøå 500 àâòîðñêèõ ñâèäå-òåëüñòâ è ïàòåíòîâ íà èçîáðåòåíèÿ. Â òåêóùåì ãîäó ïîèòîãàì ðåñïóáëèêàíñêîãî ñìîòðà-êîíêóðñà íà ëó÷øóþ ïî-ñòàíîâêó èçîáðåòàòåëüñêîé è ïàòåíòíî-ëèöåíçèîííîé ðà-áîòû ñðåäè íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ó÷ðåæäåíèé èíñòè-òóò îòìå÷åí Äèïëîìîì 3 ñòåïåíè.

Â Öåíòðå íàêîïëåí çíà÷èòåëüíûé îïûò ïî ïîäãîòîâêåè àòòåñòàöèè íàó÷íûõ êàäðîâ âûñøåé êâàëèôèêàöèè, ñî-çäàíû íàó÷íûå øêîëû âåòåðèíàðíûõ òîêñèêîëîãîâ, ðàäèî-áèîëîãîâ, âèðóñîëîãîâ, ìèêðîáèîëîãîâ. Òîëüêî çà 2014–15ãîäû ñîòðóäíèêè è ñîèñêàòåëè Öåíòðà çàùèòèëè 10 äîêòîð-ñêèõ è 9 êàíäèäàòñêèõ äèññåðòàöèé.

Ñ 2007 ãîäà Öåíòð ÿâëÿåòñÿ ó÷ðåäèòåëåì íàó÷íî-ïðàê-òè÷åñêîãî æóðíàëà "Âåòåðèíàðíûé âðà÷", âêëþ÷åííûé âïåðå÷åíü âåäóùèõ ðåöåíçèðóåìûõ íàó÷íûõ æóðíàëîâ èèçäàíèé, â êîòîðûõ äîëæíû áûòü îïóáëèêîâàíû îñíîâíûåíàó÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòû äèññåðòàöèé íà ñîèñêàíèå ó÷åíîé ñòå-ïåíè äîêòîðà è êàíäèäàòà íàóê.

Öåíòð ïðîäîëæàåò ðàçâèâàòü è ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàòü òâîð-


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÷åñêèå ñâÿçè ñ ðîññèéñêèìè è çàðóáåæíûìè íàó÷íûìè èó÷åáíûìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿìè: ðåàëèçóþòñÿ äîãîâîðà î íàó÷-íîì ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå ñ Êàçàíñêèì (Ïðèâîëæñêèì) ôåäå-ðàëüíûì óíèâåðñèòåòîì, Êàçàíñêîé ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé àêàäå-ìèåé âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû, Ôåäåðàëüíûì öåíòðîì îõðà-íû çäîðîâüÿ æèâîòíûõ (Âëàäèìèð), Íèæåãîðîäñêîé ãîñó-äàðñòâåííîé ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé àêàäåìèåé, Âèòåáñêîéîðäåíà "Çíàê Ïî÷åòà" ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé àêàäåìèåé âåòåðè-íàðíîé ìåäèöèíû (Áåëàðóñü), Èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèì öåíòðîìïî ìåäèöèíñêîé òåõíèêå è áèîòåõíîëîãèè (Ãåðìàíèÿ).

Îñîáåííî òåñíî èíñòèòóò èíòåãðèðóåòñÿ ñ Êàçàíñêîéãîñóäàðñòâåííîé àêàäåìèåé âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû. Ïîèíèöèàòèâå ñòîðîí íà áàçå ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ îðãàíèçîâàíàè ñ 2016 ãîäà ôóíêöèîíèðóåò îñíàùåííàÿ íåîáõîäèìûìäëÿ ó÷åáíîãî ïðîöåññà îáîðóäîâàíèåì "Ìèêðîáèîëîãè-÷åñêàÿ ëàáîðàòîðèÿ", â êîòîðîé ïðîâîäÿòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêèåçàíÿòèÿ ñî ñòóäåíòàìè 3-ãî êóðñà ôàêóëüòåòà âåòåðèíàðíîéìåäèöèíû ïî êóðñó "Ìèêðîáèîëîãèÿ".

ÔÃÁÍÓ "ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ" îñóùåñòâëÿåò àêòèâíîå íà-ó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîå ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî ñ ó÷ðåæäåíèÿìè âåòåðè-íàðíîãî ïðîôèëÿ ñòðàí ÑÍÃ, â òîì ÷èñëå Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõ-ñòàí â ñôåðå ïîâûøåíèÿ êâàëèôèêàöèè íàó÷íûõ êàäðîâ,ïðîâåäåíèÿ êîíôåðåíöèé, ïóáëèêàöèè ðåçóëüòàòîâ èññëåäî-âàíèé. Ðåàëèçîâàíû äîãîâîðà íà ïîñòàâêó ïðîäóêöèè (ëå-êàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ – "Âàê-öèíà àññîöèèðîâàííàÿ ïðîòèâ èíôåêöèîííîãî êåðàòîêîíú-þíêòèâèòà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà", ïðåïàðàò "Àäèëèí-ñóïåð") äëÿ ÒÎÎ "ÊàçÂåòÑíàá" (ã. Êîñòàíàé), ÏÊ "Âåòïðå-ïàðàò" (ã. Àñòàíà), ÒÎÎ "WEIDER PHARM" (ã. Àëìàòû).

Öåíòð âåäåò àêòèâíóþ âûñòàâî÷íóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü.Äîñòèæåíèÿ öåíòðà íåîäíîêðàòíî îòìå÷åíû ÄèïëîìàìèÐîññèéñêîé àãðîïðîìûøëåííîé âûñòàâêè "Çîëîòàÿ îñåíü",Ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ ñàëîíîâ "Êîìïëåêñíàÿ áåçîïàñíîñòü" è"Èíòåðïîëèòåõ", Ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ è Âñåðîññèéñêèõ âûñòà-âîê ïî áèîòåõíîëîãèè è áèîáåçîïàñíîñòè.

Ñëàæåííàÿ ðàáîòà âñåõ ÷ëåíîâ êîëëåêòèâà ïîçâîëÿåò ñîïòèìèçìîì ñìîòðåòü â áóäóùåå: óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ êîëè÷å-ñòâî âíåáþäæåòíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ, ïîäíè-ìàåòñÿ óðîâåíü ñðåäíèé çàðïëàòû ñîòðóäíèêîâ, ëàáîðàòî-ðèè îñíàùàþòñÿ ñîâðåìåííûì íàó÷íûì îáîðóäîâàíèåì,ñîçäàþòñÿ íîâûå íàó÷íûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ, èäåò ðåêîíñòðóê-öèÿ è ìîäåðíèçàöèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ ìîùíîñòåé, ïðè-âëåêàþòñÿ ìîëîäûå ñïåöèàëèñòû.

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ óñèëèÿ êîëëåêòèâà íàïðàâëåíû íàðåàëèçàöèþ Äîðîæíîé êàðòû "Ïåðñïåêòèâû ðàçâèòèÿÔÃÁÍÓ "ÔÖÒÐÁ-ÂÍÈÂÈ" íà 2020–2025 ãîäû", â êîòîðîéîïðåäåëåíû îñíîâíûå ïàðàìåòðû íàó÷íî-ïðîèçâîäñòâåí-íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ íà áëèæàéøèå ãîäû. Ïðåä-ñòîèò âûïîëíèòü áîëüøîé îáúåì ðàáîò ïî ðåàëèçàöèè ìàé-ñêèõ óêàçîâ Ïðåçèäåíòà ÐÔ Ïóòèíà Â.Â., â ÷àñòè ìàòåðè-àëüíîãî ñòèìóëèðîâàíèÿ òðóäà ó÷åíûõ (ýôôåêòèâíûé êîí-òðàêò), à òàêæå ïî ðàçðàáîòêå íîâûõ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðåïà-ðàòîâ è ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ ñ ïîñëåäóþùåé èõ àïðîáà-öèåé è ðåãèñòðàöèåé â óñòàíîâëåííîì ïîðÿäêå; çàâåðøå-íèþ ðåêîíñòðóêöèè è îñíàùåíèþ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèì îáîðó-äîâàíèåì ëàáîðàòîðíî-ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî êîìïëåêñà äëÿâûïóñêà ñòåðèëüíûõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ âåòåðèíàðíî-ãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ ïî ñòàíäàðòó GMP; àêêðåäèòàöèè ïîñëåâó-çîâñêîé îáðàçîâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè â àñïèðàíòóðå; ðå-ìîíòó ïîìåùåíèé â ëàáîðàòîðèÿõ, ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ñåòèâåíòèëÿöèè, òåïëîñíàáæåíèÿ, âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ è êàíàëèçà-öèè âèâàðíîãî êîðïóñà è ìíîãîå äðóãîå.

Îäíàêî, íå ñìîòðÿ íà îãðîìíûé îáúåì ïðåäñòîÿùèõðàáîò, åñòü àáñîëþòíàÿ óâåðåííîñòü – îíè áóäóò âûïîëíåíûè àãðîïðîìûøëåííûé êîìïëåêñ ñòðàíû ïîëó÷èò íîâûå âû-ñîêîýôôåêòèâíûå ñðåäñòâà è ìåòîäû äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ýïè-çîîòîëîãè÷åñêîé è ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè îòðàñëè.

Ëèòåðàòóðà1. Êîìáèíèðîâàííûå ïîðàæåíèÿ æèâîòíûõ è ðàçðàáîòêà ñðåäñòâïðîôèëàêòèêè è ëå÷åíèÿ. Ïàïóíèäè Ê.Õ., Êîíþõîâ Ã.Â., ÍèçàìîâÐ.Í., Ñåì¸íîâ Ý.È., Êàäèêîâ È.Ð. /Ìîíîãðàôèÿ. Êàçàíü, 2019.2. Ëàáîðàòîðíàÿ äèàãíîñòèêà è ïðîôèëàêòèêà áåøåíñòâà. ×åðíîâÀ.Í., Ìàêàåâ Õ.Í., Åôèìîâà Ì.À., Ãóëþêèí À.Ì., Øàáåéêèí À.À.,

Àðñëàíîâà À.Ô., Íàñûðîâ Ø.Ì., Õàåðòûíîâ Ê.Ñ., Ìóðòàçèíà Ã.Õ.,Àõìàäååâ Ð.Ì., Ñàãäååâà Ð.Ä., Ìóõàìåäæàíîâà À.Ã. Â êíèãå: íàó÷-íî-îáîñíîâàííàÿ ñèñòåìà ïðîòèâîýïèçîîòè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé èñîâðåìåííûå ñïîñîáû äèàãíîñòèêè, ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé ïðîôèëàêòèêèè ëå÷åíèÿ èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé äîìàøíèõ æèâîòíûõ ÃóëþêèíÌ.È., Ãóëþêèí À.Ì., Èñêàíäàðîâ Ì.È., ×åðíîâ À.Í., Øàáåéêèí À.À.,Áåëèìåíêî Â.Â., Ïëåìÿøîâ Ê.Â., Ñëåïöîâ Å.Ñ., Âèíîêóðîâ Í.Â.,Ôåäîðîâ Â.È. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2019. Ñ. 12-67.3. Êîðìîâûå îòðàâëåíèÿ è òîêñèêîèíôåêöèè æèâîòíûõ. ÏàïóíèäèÊ.Õ., Íèêèòèí À.È., Ñåì¸íîâ Ý.È., Åãîðîâ Â.È., Çàêèðîâà Ã.Ø.Êàçàíü, 2018.4. Ïðèìåíåíèå ñîðáåíòîâ äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè íàðóøåíèÿ îáìåíàâåùåñòâ è òîêñèêîçîâ æèâîòíûõ. Ïàïóíèäè Ê.Õ., Ñåì¸íîâ Ý.È.,Êàäèêîâ È.Ð., Áèêòàøåâ Ð.Ó., Ãàòàóëëèí Ä.Õ. Êàçàíü, 2018.5. Ñòèìóëèðóþùåå äåéñòâèå ìàëûõ äîç ðàäèàöèè íà îðãàíèçì.Êîíþõîâ Ã.Â., Íèçàìîâ Ð.Í., Òàðàñîâà Í.Á., Âàñèëåâñêèé Í.Ì.Êàçàíü, 2018.6. Îáçîð ñîâðåìåííûõ ìåòîäîâ ëàáîðàòîðíîé äèàãíîñòèêè áåøåí-ñòâà. Ìóõàìåäæàíîâà À.Ã., ×åðíîâ À.Í., Åôèìîâà Ì.À. Âåòåðèíà-ðèÿ. 2018. ¹ 7. Ñ. 29-32.7. Ìèêîòîêñèíû (â ïèùåâîé öåïè). Ïàïóíèäè Ê.Õ., Òðåìàñîâ Ì.ß.,Ôèñèíèí Â.È., Íèêèòèí À.È., Ñåì¸íîâ Ý.È. Êàçàíü, 2017. (Èçäàíèåâòîðîå, ïåðåðàáîòàííîå è äîïîëíåííîå)8. Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà ïàðâîâèðóñà è åãî ðîëü â ïàòîëîãèèêðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Ãàôôàðîâ Õ.Ç., Åôèìîâà Ì.À. Ñåëüñêîõî-çÿéñòâåííàÿ áèîëîãèÿ. 2013. Ò. 48. ¹ 6. Ñ. 16-26.9. Ýòèîëîãè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå ðåîâèðóñîâ â ïàòîëîãèè êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (îáçîð ëèòåðàòóðû). Ãàôôàðîâ Õ.Ç., Èâàíîâ À.Â.,Åôèìîâà Ì.À. Âåòåðèíàðèÿ. 2013. ¹ 10. Ñ. 22-27.10. Ìèêîòîêñèêîçû (áèîëîãè÷åñêèå è âåòåðèíàðíûå àñïåêòû). Èâà-íîâ À.Â., Ôèñèíèí Â.È., Òðåìàñîâ Ì.ß., Ïàïóíèäè Ê.Õ. Ìîñêâà,2010.11. Ïðèìåíåíèå àíòèîêñèäàíòà è ýíòåðîñîðáåíòà ïðè îñòðîì Ò-2ìèêîòîêñèêîçå. Òàðàñîâà Å.Þ., Òðåìàñîâ Ì.ß. Ó÷åíûå çàïèñêèÊàçàíñêîé ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé àêàäåìèè âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû èì.Í.Ý. Áàóìàíà. 2010. Ò. 200. Ñ. 201-206.12. Èììóíîáèîëîãè÷åñêèé îòâåò ìîðñêèõ ñâèíîê íà ââåäåíèå æè-âîé âàêöèíû èç øòàììà B.abortus 82-sr. Àâçàëîâ Ô.Ç., ÑâèíöîâÐ.À., Ôîìèí À.Ì. Ó÷åíûå çàïèñêè Êàçàíñêîé ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé àêà-äåìèè âåòåðèíàðíîé ìåäèöèíû èì. Í.Ý. Áàóìàíà. 2010. Ò. 201. Ñ.13-18.13. Î ïðîôèëàêòèêå ìèêîòîêñèêîçîâ æèâîòíûõ. ×óëêîâ À.Ê., Òðåìà-ñîâ Ì.ß., Èâàíîâ À.Â. Âåòåðèíàðèÿ. 2007. ¹ 12. Ñ. 8-9.14. Ãðèïï ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ. Ðàâèëîâ À.Ç., Ñìåòà-íèí Ì.À. Ìîñêâà, 1989.References1. Avzalov F.Z., Svintsov R.A., Fomin A.M., Immunobiologicheskii otvetmorskikh svinok na vvedenie zhivoi vaktsiny iz shtamma B.abortus 82-sr. / Uchenye zapiski Kazanskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii veterinarnoimeditsiny imeni Baumana. 2010. Vol. 201. p. 13-18.2. Chernov A.N., Makaev Kh.N., Efimova M.A., Guliukin A.M., ShabeikinA.A., Arslanova A.F., Nasyrov Sh.M., Khaertynov K.S., MurtazinaG.Kh., Akhmadeev R.M., Sagdeeva R.D., Mukhamedzhanova A.G. Ina book: nauchno-obosnovannaya sistema protivoepizooticheskikhmeropriyatii i sovremennye sposoby diagnostiki, spetsificheskoiprofilaktiki i leceniya infektsionnykh boleznei domashnikh zhivotnykh,Guliukin M.I., Guliukin A.M., Iskandarov M.I., Chernov A.N., ShabeikinA.A., Belimenko V.V., Plemiashov K.V., Sleptsov E.S., Vinokurov N.V.,Federov V.I. Novosibirsk, 2019. p. 12-67.3. Chulkov A.K., Tremasov M.Ya., Ivanov A.V. O profilaktikemikotoksikozov zhivotnykh. / Veterinariya. 2007. ¹12. p. 8-9.4. Gaffarov Kh.Z., Ivanov A.V., Efimova M.A. Etiologicheskoe znacheniereivirusov v patologii krupnogo rogatogo skota (obzor literatury).Veterinariya. 2013. ¹10. p. 22-27.5. Gaffarov Kh.Z., Efimova M.A. Biologicheskie svoistva parvovirusa iego rol v patologii krupnogo rogatogo skota. Agricultural Biology. 2013.Vol. 48. ¹6. p. 16-26.6. Ivanov A.V., Fisinin V.I., Tremasov M.Ya. Papunidi K.Kh. Mikotoksikozy(biologicheskie i veterinarnye aspekty). Moscow, 2010.7. Koniukhov G.V., Nizamov R.N., Tarasova N.B., Vasilevskiy N.M.Stimuliruiyshchee deistvie malykh doz radiatsii na organizm. Kazan,2018.8. Mukhamedzhanova A.G., Chernov A.N., Efimova N.A. Obzorsovremennykh metodov laboratornoi diagnostiki beshenstva /Veterinariya. 2018. ¹7. p. 29-32.9. Papunidi K.Kh., Koniukhov G.V., Nizamov R.N., Semionov E.I.,Kadikov I.R. Kombinirovannye porazheniya zhivotnykh i razrabotkasredstv profilaktiki i lecheniya / Monography. Kazan, 2019.10. Papunidi K.Kh., Nikitin A.I., Semionov E.I., Egorov V.I., ZakirovaG.Sh. Kormovye otravleniya i toksikoinfektsii zhivotnykh. Kazan, 2018.11. Papunidi K.Kh., Semionov E.I., Kadikov I.R., Biktashev R.U.,Gataullin D.Kh. Primrnrnie sorbentov dlya profilaktiki narusheniyaobmena veshchestv i toksikozov zhivotnykh. Kazan, 2019.12. Papunidi K.Kh., Tremasov M.Ya., Fisinin V.I. Nikitin A.I., SemionovE.I. Mikotoksiny (v pishchevoi tsepi) Kazan, 2017. (Second edition,revised and updated).13. Ravilov A.Z., Smetanin M.A. Gripp selskokhozaistvennykhzhivotnykh. Moscow, 1989.14. Tarasova E.Yu., Tremasov M.Ya. Primrnrnie antioksidanta ienterosorbenta pri ostrom T-2 mikotoksikoze. / Uchenye zapiskiKazanskoi gosudarstvennoi akademii veterinarnoi meditsiny imeniBaumana. 2010. Vol. 200. p. 201-206.


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-11ÓÄÊ

«ÔÃÁÓ «ÂÍÈÈÇÆ» – âåòåðèíàðíóþíàóêó â ïðàêòèêó

×âàëà Èë.À., êàíäèäàò âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, çàì.äèðåêòîðà ïî ÍÈÐ è ìîíèòîðèíãóÑòàðîâ Ñ.Ê., êàíäèäàò âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, çàì.äèðåêòîðà ïî êà÷åñòâóËîçîâîé Ä.À., äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, çàì. äèðåêòîðàïî ÍÈÐ è ðàçâèòèþÏðîõâàòèëîâà Ë.Á., êàíäèäàò áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê,äîöåíò, íà÷àëüíèê îòäåëà êîîðäèíàöèè ÍÈÐÐó÷íîâà Î.È., êàíäèäàò âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, âåäóùèéíàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê îòäåëà êîîðäèíàöèè ÍÈÐ

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, èíôåêöèîí-íûå áîëåçíè æèâîòíûõ, âàêöèíû, òåñò-ñèñòåìû, èíôîðìà-öèîííûå ñèñòåìû Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà, ìîíèòîðèíã

Ðåçþìå: ïðåäñòàâëåíû ðåçóëüòàòû íàó÷íîé äåÿòåëüíî-ñòè ÔÃÁÓ «ÂÍÈÈÇÆ» â 2019 ãîäó, êîòîðàÿ ïðîâîäèëàñü âðàìêàõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàäàíèÿ, Ôåäåðàëüíîé öåëåâîéïðîãðàììû «Íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà õèìè÷åñêîé è áèîëî-ãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíîñòè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè 2015-2020ãã.», à òàêæå çà ñ÷åò ïðèíîñÿùåé äîõîä äåÿòåëüíîñòè.

Â õîäå âûïîëíåíèÿ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ ðàáîòïî ãîñçàäàíèþ ñîçäàíû 2 íîâûõ âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ àêòóàëü-íûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ, ðàçðàáîòàíû 7 ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðå-êîìåíäàöèé ïî îòáîðó ïðîá è ïðîâåäåíèþ äèàãíîñòè÷åñ-êèõ èññëåäîâàíèé íà ðÿä èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, ïîä-ãîòîâëåíî 13 ïðîãíîçîâ ïî îñîáî îïàñíûì è êàðàíòèííûìáîëåçíÿì æèâîòíûõ è ïðîåêòû äîñüå ïî ÷óìå ìåëêèõ æâà÷-íûõ æèâîòíûõ è êîíòàãèîçíîé ïëåâðîïíåâìîíèè äëÿ ïðè-çíàíèÿ ñòðàíû áëàãîïîëó÷íîé ïî äàííûì çàáîëåâàíèÿì.

Ðåçóëüòàòîì âûïîëíåíèÿ êîíòðàêòîâ ïî Ôåäåðàëüíîéöåëåâîé ïðîãðàììå ñòàëè 4 íîâûå äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèå òåñò-ñèñòåìû äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé íà ÿùóð, îñïó îâåö,×ÌÆ è ãðèïï ïòèö, à òàêæå 2 âàêöèíû – âàêöèíà äëÿ ðàííåéçàùèòû îò ÿùóðà è àññîöèèðîâàííàÿ âàêöèíà ïðîòèâ áîëåç-íåé êðîëèêîâ.

Çà ñ÷åò ñðåäñòâ îò ïðèíîñÿùåé äîõîä äåÿòåëüíîñòèðàçðàáîòàíî 18 ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïî äèàãíîñòè-êå âèðóñíûõ èíôåêöèé, ïîäãîòîâëåíî 4 êîìïëåêòà íîðìà-òèâíîé äîêóìåíòàöèè íà âíîâü ñîçäàííûå äèàãíîñòè÷åñ-êèå òåñò-ñèñòåìû.

Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðîâîäèìûõ íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ó÷-ðåæäåíèÿ îòðàæåíû â 120 íàó÷íûõ ïóáëèêàöèÿõ è 7 ïîëó-÷åííûõ ïàòåíòàõ, à òàêæå àêòèâíî âíåäðÿþòñÿ â âåòåðèíàð-

íóþ ïðàêòèêó: çà 2019 ãîä âûïóùåíî áîëåå 2,5 ìëðä. äîçæèâûõ è èíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèí è 7,4 òûñ. øòóê äèàãíî-ñòè÷åñêèõ íàáîðîâ 42 íàèìåíîâàíèé.

Â 2019 ãîäó ÔÃÁÓ "Ôåäåðàëüíûé öåíòð îõðàíû çäîðî-âüÿ æèâîòíûõ" (ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ") îñóùåñòâëÿë ñâîþ äå-ÿòåëüíîñòü ïî 10 ðàçäåëàì ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàäàíèÿ, âêëþ-÷àþùåãî: ïðèêëàäíûå íàó÷íûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ; ýêñïåðèìåí-òàëüíûå ðàçðàáîòêè; ëàáîðàòîðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî äèàã-íîñòèêå è ïðîôèëàêòèêå áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ; ïðîâåäåíèåëàáîðàòîðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñûðüÿ è ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíî-ãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ; îðãàíèçàöèþ è ïðîâåäåíèå ìåæëàáîðà-òîðíûõ ñëè÷èòåëüíûõ èñïûòàíèé; ëàáîðàòîðíûå èññëåäî-âàíèÿ â ðàìêàõ ýïèçîîòîëîãè÷åñêîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà; âåäå-íèå è ïîïîëíåíèå Âñåðîññèéñêîé êîëëåêöèè êëåòî÷íûõêóëüòóð; ïðîâåäåíèå ëàáîðàòîðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé â ðàìêàõãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà êà÷åñòâà è áåçîïàñíîñòèïèùåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ; ñîçäàíèå è ðàçâèòèå èíôîðìàöèîí-íûõ ñèñòåì è êîìïîíåíòîâ èíôîðìàöèîííî-òåëåêîììóíè-êàöèîííîé èíôðàñòðóêòóðû.

×âàëà Èë.À.Chvala Il.A.


FGBI "ARRIAH" – Veterinary Scienceinto Practice

Chvala Il. A., Starov S. K., Lozovoy D. A.,Prokhvatilova L. B., Ruchnova O. I.Federal State-Financed Institution “Federal Centrefor Animal Health”, Vladimir

Key words: scientific research, infectious animal diseases,vaccines, test systems, Rosselkhoznadzor information systems,monitoring

Abstract: The paper presents results of scientific activitiescarried out by the FGBI “ARRIAH” in 2019 both under the statetask, the Federal target program "National System of Chemicaland Biological Safety of the Russian Federation (2015-2020)"and at the expense of income derived from commercial activity.

Scientific work performed under the state task resulted inthe development of two new vaccines against topical animaldiseases, in drawing up seven methodological recommendationsfor sampling and diagnostic studies of some infectious diseases,in making 13 forecasts for highly dangerous and quarantineanimal diseases and in preparing draft dossiers on PPR andcontagious pleuropneumonia for recognition of the country'sfreedom from the diseases.

Performance of contracts under the Federal target programresulted in the development of four new test systems for FMD,sheep pox, PPR, and avian influenza diagnosis, as well as of twovaccines – vaccine for early protection against FMD andassociated vaccine against rabbit diseases.

Eighteen methodological recommendations for viralinfections diagnosis were developed, and four sets of regulatorydocumentation for newly created diagnostic test systems wereprepared at the expense of income derived from commercialactivity.

The research results are laid down in 120 scientificpublications, confirmed by seven patents, and are also beingactively implemented in veterinary practice: more than 2.5billion doses of live and inactivated vaccines and 7.4 thousanddiagnostic kits of 42 different types were produced.

«ÔÃÁÓ «ÂÍÈÈÇÆ» – âåòåðèíàðíóþ íàóêó â ïðàêòèêó / ×âàëà Èë. À. [è äð.] // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå.-2020.- ¹ 2. –Ñ.50-53.FGBI “ARRIAH” - Veterinary Science into Practice / Chvala Il. A. [et al.] / Veterinaria i kormlenie.-2020.- No. 2. - P.50-53.


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Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííûõ ïðèêëàäíûõ è ýêñïåðèìåí-òàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû 2 íîâûõ âàêöèíûïðîòèâ àêòóàëüíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ (ïðîòèâ èíôåêöè-îííîãî ðèíèòà êóð; ðàçðàáîòêà âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ ïàñòåðåë-ëåçà, ïàðàãðèïïà, èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðàõåèòà è âèðóñ-íîé äèàðåè ÊÐÑ, 7 ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé (ïî îòáîðóïðîá äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé íàîñïó îâåö è îñïó êîç, ÃÝ ÊÐÑ, ñêðåïè è õðîíè÷åñêóþèçíóðÿþùóþ áîëåçíü, áåøåíñòâî, ãðèïï ïòèö è áîëåçíüÍüþêàñëà, ÊÏÏ, À×Ñ, ×ÌÆ), ïðîåêòû äîñüå â ÌÝÁ äëÿîôèöèàëüíîãî ïðèçíàíèÿ ñòàòóñà èñòîðè÷åñêîãî áëàãîïî-ëó÷èÿ ÐÔ ïî ÷óìå ìåëêèõ æâà÷íûõ æèâîòíûõ è êîíòàãèîç-íîé ïëåâðîïíåâìîíèè è ïðîåêò ïðîãðàììû ïî ïðîôèëàê-òèêå è áîðüáå ñ áåøåíñòâîì äëÿ ñòðàí ÑÍÃ, 13 ïðîãíîçîâýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè ïî îñîáî îïàñíûì è êàðàíòèí-íûì áîëåçíÿì æèâîòíûõ äëÿ ÐÔ íà 2020 ãîä (ÿùóð, À×Ñ,Ê×Ñ, ÃÝ ÊÐÑ, ÇÓÄ, ÊÏÏ, ×ÌÆ, îñïà îâåö è êîç, ãðèïïïòèö, íüþêàñëñêàÿ áîëåçíü, õðîíè÷åñêîé èçíóðÿþùåé áî-ëåçíè îëåíåé è ëîñåé, ñêðåïè îâåö).

Â 2019 ãîäó âñåãî ïðîâåäåíî 658736 äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõèññëåäîâàíèé, èç íèõ 352236 â ðàìêàõ ýïèçîîòîëîãè÷åñêî-ãî ìîíèòîðèíãà ïî 15 îñíîâíûì çàáîëåâàíèÿì æèâîòíûõ.Âûÿâëåíî 26,2% ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Ñ öåëüþîöåíêè ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ è ñáîðà äîêàçàòåëü-íîé áàçû äëÿ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ Äîñüå äëÿ ïðåäîñòàâëåíèÿ âîÂñåìèðíóþ îðãàíèçàöèþ ïî îõðàíå çäîðîâüÿ æèâîòíûõ ïîÿùóðó, ãóáêîîáðàçíîé ýíöåôàëîïàòèè, ÷óìå ìåëêèõ æâà÷-íûõ æèâîòíûõ è êîíòàãèîçíîé ïëåâðîïíåâìîíèè áûëî ïðî-âåäåíî 189037 èññëåäîâàíèé.

Áûëî ïðîâåäåíî 56434 ëàáîðàòîðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèÿïèùåâîé ïðîäóêöèè è êîðìîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå 18307 èññëåäî-âàíèé â ðàìêàõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ çàäàíèé. Âûÿâëåíî 11,0%ïðîá, íå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ òðåáîâàíèÿì íîðìàòèâíîé äî-êóìåíòàöèè.

Îñóùåñòâëÿëàñü ðàáîòà ïî âåäåíèþ è ïîïîëíåíèþ Âñå-ðîññèéñêîé êîëëåêöèè êëåòî÷íûõ êóëüòóð, øòàììîâ âèðó-ñîâ, ìèêðîáîâ è ìèêîïàòîãåíîâ, â ðàìêàõ êîòîðîé ïðîâå-äåí êîíòðîëü, îñâåæåíèå è äåïîíèðîâàíèå øòàììîâ âèðó-ñîâ (âñåãî200 øòàììîâ).

Â ðàìêàõ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ñïåöèàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè Ðîñ-ñåëüõîçíàäçîðà âûïîëíåíû ðàáîòû ïî äâóì íàïðàâëåíèÿì:"Ñîçäàíèå è ðàçâèòèå èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ñèñòåì è êîìïî-íåíòîâ èíôîðìàöèîííî-òåëåêîììóíèêàöèîííîé èíôðà-ñòðóêòóðû" è "Òåõíè÷åñêîå ñîïðîâîæäåíèå è ýêñïëóàòà-öèÿ, âûâîä èç ýêñïëóàòàöèè èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ñèñòåì èêîìïîíåíòîâ èíôîðìàöèîííî-òåëåêîììóíèêàöèîííîé èí-ôðàñòðóêòóðû". Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííîé ðàáîòû ïî ðàç-âèòèþ êîìïîíåíòîâ ñèñòåìû ÂåòÈÑ îñóùåñòâëåí ïåðåõîäíà îáÿçàòåëüíóþ ýëåêòðîííóþ âåòåðèíàðíóþ ñåðòèôèêà-öèþ âñåé ãîòîâîé ìîëî÷íîé ïðîäóêöèè. Êðîìå òîãî, ðå-çóëüòàòîì âûïîëíåíèÿ äàííûõ ðàáîò ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðàçâèòèåñëåäóþùèõ èíôîðìàöèîííûõ ñèñòåì Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà:âåäîìñòâåííîé ñèñòåìû êîíòðîëüíî-íàäçîðíîé äåÿòåëü-íîñòè (Ðåâèçîð); ñèñòåìû ýëåêòðîííîãî äîêóìåíòîîáîðîòàöåíòðàëüíîãî àïïàðàòà (ÑÝÄ); èíòåãðèðîâàííîé âåäîì-ñòâåííîé èíôîðìàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû àâòîìàòèçàöèè è èí-ôîðìàöèîííîé ïîääåðæêè ýëåêòðîííîãî ìåæâåäîìñòâåí-íîãî è âíóòðèâåäîìñòâåííîãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ, ïðåäîñòàâ-ëåíèÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ óñëóã è èñïîëíåíèÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íûõ ôóíêöèé (ÈÂÈÑ) è âåäîìñòâåííîãî âåá-ïîðòàëà Ðîñ-ñåëüõîçíàäçîðà è âíåäðåíèå ñèñòåìû "Ìåðêóðèé", ïîçâî-ëÿþùåé îáåñïå÷èòü ïîëíóþ ïðîñëåæèâàåìîñòü ïðîäóêöèèæèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ íà âñåõ ýòàïàõ åå ïðîèçâîäñòâàè ðåàëèçàöèè.

Â ðåçóëüòàòå âûïîëíåíèÿ 6 êîíòðàêòîâ ïî ÔÖÏ "Íàöè-îíàëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà õèìè÷åñêîé è áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíî-ñòè ÐÔ (2015-2020ã.ã.) áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû 4 äèàãíîñòè÷åñ-êèå òåñò-ñèñòåìû (íà ÿùóð, îñïó îâåö, ×ÌÆ, ãðèïï ïòèö),è 2 âàêöèíû ïðîòèâ àêòóàëüíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ (äëÿðàííåé çàùèòû îò ÿùóðà è àññîöèèðîâàííîé âàêöèíû íà

Ðèñ. 1. Ëàáîðàòîðíûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ â ðàìêàõãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàäàíèÿFig.1. Laboratory research under the state task

Ðèñ. 2. Ïîäãîòîâêà âûñîêîêâàëèôèöèðîâàííûõñïåöèàëèñòîâ.Fig.2 Preparation of highly qualified specialists

Ðèñ. 3. Îáðàçîâàòåëüíàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÍÈÈÇÆ"Fig.3. Educational activities of the FGBI “ARRIAH”

Ðèñ. 4. Ðåçóëüòàòû èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÍÈÐÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ"Fig.4 Intellectual activity results of the FGBI “ARRIAH”


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îñíîâå àêòóàëüíûõ øòàììîâ âîçáóäèòåëåé ìèêñîìàòîçà,ïàñòåðåëë¸çà è ãåìîððàãè÷åñêîé áîëåçíè êðîëèêîâ).

Ðàçðàáîòêà êîìïëåêñíîé ñèñòåìû êîíòðîëÿ èíôåêöè-îííûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ è ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ìåòîäîâèññëåäîâàíèÿ îñòàòêîâ çàïðåùåííûõ è âðåäíûõ âåùåñòâ âîðãàíèçìå æèâîòíûõ, êîðìàõ è ïðîäóêòàõ æèâîòíîãî ïðî-èñõîæäåíèÿ ("Âåòåðèíàðíîå áëàãîïîëó÷èå") ïðîâîäèëàñüçà ñ÷åò ñðåäñòâ îò ïðèíîñÿùåé äîõîä äåÿòåëüíîñòè. Ïðåä-ñòàâëåíû 4 ïðîåêòà ÍÄ íà ðàçðàáîòàííûå äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèåòåñò-ñèñòåìû (ÈÐÒ, ãåìîôèëåçíûé ïîëèñåðîçèò, ãåìîôè-ëåç è ïàñòåððåëåç ñâèíåé), 18 ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèéïî äèàãíîñòèêå ðÿäà àêòóàëüíûõ âèðóñíûõ èíôåêöèé, àêòûèñïûòàíèé, ïðîòîêîëû âàëèäàöèè ðàçðàáîòàííûõ ìåòîäîâ,Êàòàëîã êëåòî÷íûõ êóëüòóð 2019ã. ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" âêà÷åñòâå ïðîâàéäåðà ïðîâîäèëî ìåæëàáîðàòîðíûå ñëè÷è-òåëüíûå èñïûòàíèÿ ïî 11 ïðîãðàììàì, â òîì ÷èñëå, êëàññè-÷åñêîé ÷óìû ñâèíåé, çàðàçíîãî óçåëêîâîãî äåðìàòèòà, áî-ëåçíè Øìàëëåíáåðã. Äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ èñïûòàíèé â ðàìêàõãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàäàíèÿ áûëî ïîäãîòîâëåíî 297 ïðîá.

Ðåôåðåíòíûå ëàáîðàòîðèè ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" ïîäòâåð-äèëè êâàëèôèêàöèþ ñîòðóäíèêîâ ó÷àñòèåì â åæåãîäíûõìåæëàáîðàòîðíûõ ñëè÷èòåëüíûõ èñïûòàíèÿõ ïî äèàãíîñ-òèêå èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ è ïîêàçàòåëÿìêà÷åñòâà è áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîãî è ðàñòè-òåëüíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, îðãàíèçîâàííûõ ðîññèéñêèìè èçàðóáåæíûìè ïðîâàéäåðàìè. Óñïåøíî ïðîéäåíî 46 ðàóí-äà èñïûòàíèé, ïðîâåäåíî 443 èññëåäîâàíèÿ.

Ìåæäóíàðîäíîå íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîå ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâîîñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ðåàëèçàöèåé ó÷ðåæäåíè-åì èìåþùèõñÿ ñòàòóñîâ ÔÀÎ è ÌÝÁ.

Ïîäãîòîâëåíî 4 îò÷åòà â ðàìêàõ äåÿòåëüíîñòè ðåôå-ðåíòíîé ëàáîðàòîðèè è ðåôåðåíòíîãî öåíòðà ÔÀÎ è ÌÝÁ.

Âåäåòñÿ íàó÷íîå ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî â ðàìêàõ 28 çàêëþ-÷åííûõ äâóñòîðîííèõ äîãîâîðîâ è ñîãëàøåíèé ñ âåäóùè-ìè íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿìè çàðóáåæ-íûõ ñòðàí.

Äëÿ îêàçàíèÿ íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîé, êîíñóëüòàöèîí-íîé è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ïîìîùè âåòåðèíàðíûì ñïåöèàëèñòàì76 ñîòðóäíèêîâ ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" îñóùåñòâëåíî âûåçäîââ õîçÿéñòâà, òàê æå 161 ñîòðóäíèê ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå â ñåìè-íàðàõ, êîíôåðåíöèÿõ, íà êóðñàõ ïîâûøåíèÿ êâàëèôèêàöèèâ 40 ñóáúåêòîâ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Â ðàìêàõ ìåæäóíà-ðîäíîãî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà îñóùåñòâëåíî 154 êîìàíäèðîâà-íèÿ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" â 33 ñòðàí äàëüíåãîçàðóáåæüÿ è 39 êîìàíäèðîâîê â áëèæíåå çàðóáåæüå.

Íà áàçå ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" äåéñòâóåò ó÷åíûé ñîâåò èñîâåò ïî çàùèòå äîêòîðñêèõ è êàíäèäàòñêèõ äèññåðòàöèé.Â 2019 ãîäó 6 ÷åëîâåê çàêîí÷èëî àñïèðàíòóðó, 3 ÷åëîâåêàçàùèòèëè äîêòîðñêèå äèññåðòàöèè è 6 ÷åëîâåê êàíäèäàòñ-êèå äèññåðòàöèè.

Èìåÿ ëèöåíçèþ íà îáðàçîâàòåëüíóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü,ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" ïîñòîÿííî ïðîâîäèò îáó÷àþùèå ìåðîï-ðèÿòèÿ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ñóáúåêòîâ Ðîññèé-ñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè â ôîðìå êóðñîâ ïîâûøåíèÿ êâàëèôèêà-öèè, èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ ñòàæèðîâîê, îáó÷àþùèõ ñåìèíàðîââ îáëàñòè äèàãíîñòèêè, ìîíèòîðèíãà è ïðîôèëàêòèêè îñî-áî îïàñíûõ èíôåêöèé. Â 2019 ãîäó ïðîâåäåíî 4 êóðñà, 17âåáèíàðîâ è 6 èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ ñòàæèðîâîê ïî ïîâûøåíèþêâàëèôèêàöèè, íà êîòîðûõ îáó÷åíî 3160 ÷åëîâåê.Êðîìå òîãî, îáó÷åíî 300 ïîëüçîâàòåëåé ïðîãðàìì "Àðãóñ"è "Ìåðêóðèé".

Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ïðîâåäåííûõ íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé â2019 ãîäó ñîòðóäíèêàìè ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ îïóáëèêîâàíî 2 ìî-íîãðàôèè, ïîëó÷åíî 7 ïàòåíòîâ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè íàñëóæåáíûå èçîáðåòåíèÿ.

Â 2019 ãîäó îïóáëèêîâàíî 120 íàó÷íûõ ñòàòåé, èç íèõ24 - â çàðóáåæíûõ èçäàíèÿõ. Çà òðåõëåòíèé ïåðèîä ïîðåçóëüòàòàì ïðîâåäåííûõ íàó÷íûõ ðàáîò ñîòðóäíèêàìèîïóáëèêîâàíî áîëåå 500 íàó÷íûõ ñòàòåé, èç íèõ 42 - âèçäàíèÿõ Scopus è Web of Science, ïîëó÷åíû îõðàíîñïîñîá-íûå ðåçóëüòàòû èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, 20 ïàòåí-òîâ ÐÔ.

Åæåãîäíî èçäàþòñÿ "Òðóäû Ôåäåðàëüíîãî öåíòðà îõ-ðàíû çäîðîâüÿ æèâîòíûõ", 4 íîìåðà æóðíàëà "Âåòåðèíà-ðèÿ ñåãîäíÿ", âõîäÿùåãî â Ïåðå÷åíü ÂÀÊ è 12 íîìåðîâãàçåòû "Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è æèçíü". Â 2019 ãîäó íà áàçå ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" ïðîâåäåíà ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ íàó÷íàÿ êîíôåðåí-


Ôåäåðàëüíîå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå áþäæåòíîå ó÷ðåæäåíèå "Ôåäåðàëüíûé öåíòð îõðàíû çäîðîâüÿ æèâîòíûõ" (ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÍÈÈÇÆ") â öåëÿõ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ Óñòàâîì ó÷ðåæäåíèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿåòôóíêöèè Ðåãèîíàëüíîé ñïðàâî÷íîé ëàáîðàòîðèè ÌÝÁ ïî ÿùóðó, Öåíòðà ÌÝÁ ïî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâó â îáëàñòè äèàãíîñòèêèè êîíòðîëÿ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ äëÿ ñòðàí Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû, Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè è Çàêàâêàçüÿ, ôóíêöèè Ðåôåðåíòíîãîöåíòðà ÔÀÎ ïî ÿùóðó äëÿ ñòðàí Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè è Çàïàäíîé Åâðàçèè, ðåôåðåíòíîé ëàáîðàòîðèè ïî âûñîêî èíèçêîïàòîãåííîìó ãðèïïó ïòèö è íüþêàñëñêîé áîëåçíè à òàêæå ôóíêöèè ðåôåðåíòíîãî öåíòðà ïî íàó÷íîìó è ìåòîäè-÷åñêîìó îáåñïå÷åíèþ äåÿòåëüíîñòè Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà, åãî òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ óïðàâëåíèé è ïîäâåäîìñòâåííûõ åìóîðãàíèçàöèé â îáëàñòè âåòåðèíàðèè.

Îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòè Öåíòðà - íàó÷íàÿ ðàçðàáîòêà ñðåäñòâ è ìåòîäîâ äèàãíîñòèêè, ïðîôèëàêòèêè,ëå÷åíèÿ è ìåð áîðüáû ñ èíôåêöèîííûìè îñîáî îïàñíûìè è êàðàíòèííûìè áîëåçíÿìè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõíà îñíîâå äàííûõ ïî èçó÷åíèþ ìîëåêóëÿðíîé áèîëîãèè è îñíîâíûõ áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ âîçáóäèòåëåé, ïðîèçâîäñòâîâûñîêîýôôåêòèâíûõ äèàãíîñòèêóìîâ è ýêîëîãè÷åñêè áåçîïàñíûõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ âåòåðèíàðíîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ.

ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" ðàñïîëàãàåò óíèêàëüíîé îïûòíî-ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé áàçîé, ñîñòîÿùåé èç 18 ëàáîðàòîðèé è 57çäàíèé è ñîîðóæåíèé îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 106250,7 ì3, ðàñïîëîæåííûõ íà ïëîùàäè 32,42 ãà, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ðîññèéñêèìè ìåæäóíàðîäíûì ñòàíäàðòàì, èìååòñÿ øòàò âûñîêîêâàëèôèöèðîâàííûõ ïðîôèëüíûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿðàáîò ñ âîçáóäèòåëÿìè îñîáî îïàñíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ, ëàáîðàòîðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñûðüÿ è ïðîäóêöèè æèâîòíîãîè ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ â öåëÿõ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ êà÷åñòâà è áåçîïàñíîñòè ïèùåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ.

Ó÷ðåæäåíèå îáëàäàåò âûñîêèì êàäðîâûì ïîòåíöèàëîì. 230 ÷åëîâåê âûïîëíÿþò íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå ðàáîòû,ïðè ýòîì 53% èç íèõ â âîçðàñòå äî 39 ëåò. Â ó÷ðåæäåíèè ðàáîòàåò 16 äîêòîðîâ è 128 êàíäèäàòîâ íàóê, â èõ ÷èñëå -Çàñëóæåííûé äåÿòåëü íàóêè, Çàñëóæåííûé èçîáðåòàòåëü ÐÔ, Ëàóðåàò ïðåìèè Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ â îáëàñòè íàóêè èòåõíèêè, Çàñëóæåííûå âåòåðèíàðíûå âðà÷è ÐÔ. Âåäóùèå ó÷åíûå âõîäÿò â ñîñòàâ ýêñïåðòíîãî ñîâåòà ÂÀÊ.

Ðèñ. 5. Ïóáëèêàöèîííàÿ àêòèâíîñòü ÍÈÐ ÔÃÁÓ"ÂÍÈÈÇÆ"Fig.5. Publication activity of the FGBI “ARRIAH”researches


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öèÿ "Äîñòèæåíèÿ ìîëîäûõ ó÷åíûõ - ââåòåðèíàðíóþ ïðàêòèêó".

Íàó÷íî-ïðîèçâîäñòâåííàÿ äåÿ-òåëüíîñòü ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" çàêëþ-÷àëàñü â âûïóñêå ðàçðàáîòàííûõ äè-àãíîñòè÷åñêèõ òåñò - ñèñòåì è âàêöèí-íûõ ïðåïàðàòîâ. Çà 2019 ãîäà âûïó-ùåíî áîëåå 2,5 ìëðä. äîç æèâûõ èèíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèí ïðîòèâ áî-ëåçíåé ïòèö, ñâèíåé, ÊÐÑ è ÌÐÑ èáîëåå 7,4 òûñ. øòóê äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõíàáîðîâ 42 íàèìåíîâàíèé. Âûñîêîåêà÷åñòâî ðàçðàáîòàííûõ è âûïóñêàå-ìûõ âàêöèí è äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ òåñò -ñèñòåì ñïîñîáñòâóåò îáåñïå÷åíèþ ñòà-áèëüíîé ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé ñèòóàöèè âæèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõ õîçÿéñòâàõ, è ïîä-òâåðæäàåòñÿ âûñîêîé îöåíêîé íà ðàç-ëè÷íûõ âûñòàâêàõ, êîíêóðñàõ è äðó-ãèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèÿõ.

Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ïðîâåäåííûõ èñ-ñëåäîâàíèé è âíåäðåííûõ ðàçðàáîòîêíà Ðîññèéñêîé àãðîïðîìûøëåííîé âûñòàâêå "Çîëîòàÿ îñåíü-2019" ïî èòîãàì îòðàñëåâûõ êîíêóðñîâ ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ"áûë îòìå÷åí 4 çîëîòûìè, 2 ñåðåáðÿíûìè è 1 áðîíçîâîéìåäàëÿìè â ðàçëè÷íûõ íîìèíàöèÿõ. Îòðàñëåâàÿ ãàçåòà "Âå-òåðèíàðèÿ è æèçíü" çàíÿëà òðåòüå ìåñòî â ïðîåêòå "Ðîññèé-ñêîå - çíà÷èò îòëè÷íîå è áåçîïàñíîå!"

Çà äîñòèæåíèÿ â ñôåðå íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíî-ñòè ïî ðåøåíèþ òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîáëåì ðàçðàáîòêà êîì-ïëåêñà òåñò-ñèñòåì äëÿ äèàãíîñòèêè çàðàçíîãî óçåëêîâîãîäåðìàòèòà ÊÐÑ áûëà óäîñòîåíà ïðåìèè èìåíè Â.À. Äåãòÿ-ð¸âà. Â 2019 ãîäó ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" ïîëó÷èë äèïëîì Ýêñ-ïåðòíîãî Ñîâåòà Íàöèîíàëüíîé Ïðåìèè "Ñôåðà çäîðîâüÿ"çà ýôôåêòèâíóþ íàó÷íóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþáåçîïàñíîñòè è çàùèòû æèâîòíûõ îò ÿùóðà è äðóãèõ èí-ôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé æèâîòíûõ, ÷òî â êîíå÷íîì èòîãåîáåñïå÷èâàåò çäîðîâüå ÷åëîâåêà, êà÷åñòâî åãî æèçíè èäîëãîëåòèå. Â ðàìêàõ ôåäåðàëüíîãî ýòàïà Âñåðîññèéñêîãîêîíêóðñà "100 ëó÷øèõ òîâàðîâ Ðîññèè" ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ"ïîëó÷èë äèïëîì ëàóðåàòà çà ýìáðèîí-âàêöèíó ïðîòèâ îñïûïòèö èç øòàììà "ÊÝÌ-7" ñ ðàçáàâèòåëåì "Âàêñèïîêñ", àòàêæå äèïëîìàíòîì äàííîãî êîíêóðñà çà âèðóñâàêöèíóàññîöèèðîâàííóþ ïðîòèâ îñïû îâåö, îñïû êîç è ÷óìûìåëêèõ æâà÷íûõ êóëüòóðàëüíóþ ñóõóþ ("CapriPox-PPRâàê") è çà òåñò-ñèñòåìó "ÊÀÏÐÈÏÎÊÑ" ("CAPRIPOX") äëÿ

Ðèñ 6. Ðîññèéñêîå è çàðóáåæíîå ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâîFig. 6. Russian and foreign cooperation

âûÿâëåíèÿ ãåíîìà êàïðèïîêñâèðóñîâ ìåòîäîì ïîëèìåðàç-íîé öåïíîé ðåàêöèè â ðåæèìå ðåàëüíîãî âðåìåíè, êîòîðàÿòàêæå ïîáåäèëà â íîìèíàöèè "Íîâèíêà".

Â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ çàêëþ÷åíèåì ÐÀÍ "Îá îöåíêå ðåçóëü-òàòîâ äåÿòåëüíîñòè íàó÷íîé îðãàíèçàöèè, âûïîëíÿþùåéíàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå, îïûòíî-êîíñòðóêòîðñêèå è òåõ-íîëîãè÷åñêèå ðàáîòû ãðàæäàíñêîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ" çà ïåðèîäñ 2016 ïî 2018ãã. ÔÃÁÓ "ÂÍÈÈÇÆ" îòíåñåí ê 1-îé êàòåãî-ðèè "íàó÷íûå îðãàíèçàöèè - ëèäåðû", íàó÷íûå ðåçóëüòàòûêîòîðîé ñîîòâåòñòâóþò ìèðîâîìó óðîâíþ, à ó÷ðåæäåíèåðàñïîëàãàåò ïîòåíöèàëîì äëÿ äàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿ è óëó÷-øåíèÿ ñâîåé äåÿòåëüíîñòè.

References1. Main results of research and production activities of the FGBI"ARRIAH" in 2013 / L. B. Prokhvatilova, N. A. Perevozchikova, A. M.Rakhmanov} / / Veterinary Science Today. - 2014. - No. 2. - Pp. 6-11.2. Brief history and major activities of the FGBI "Federal Centre forAnimal Health" (for 60th anniversary) [Text] {: scientific publication / N.A. Perevozchikova, D. A. Lozovoy, A. M. Rakhmanov}. - Vladimir:FGBI "ARRIAH", 2018. - 120 p.: il. –ISBN 978-5-900026-65-7.3. Results and prospects of joint actions of veterinary services of theCIS countries in the field of infectious animal disease diagnosis andcontrol /D. A. Lozovoy, A. E. Metlin, A. M. Rakhmanov, Il. À. Chvala/ / International Agricultural Journal, 2019. vol. 62, N No. 2 (368).- P.48-52

Â Ïåðìñêîì êðàå âûÿâëåíû íàðóøåíèÿ ëèöåíçèîííûõ òðåáîâàíèéÂ ìàðòå 2020 ãîäà èíñïåêòîðàìè Óïðàâëåíèÿ Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà ïî Ïåðìñêîìó êðàþ áûëà ïðîâåäåíà ïëàíîâàÿ

âûåçäíàÿ ïðîâåðêà â îòíîøåíèè ÎÎÎ «Ñîþç-âåò» - ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ïî ðåàëèçàöèè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàð-íîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ. Â õîäå ïðîâåðêè áûëî âûÿâëåíî, ÷òî äàííîå þðèäè÷åñêîå ëèöî îñóùåñòâëÿåò ôàðìàöåâòè÷åñêóþäåÿòåëüíîñòü äîïîëíèòåëüíî ïî àäðåñó, íå óêàçàííîìó â ëèöåíçèè, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàðóøåíèåì Ôåäåðàëüíîãî çàêîíà.

Òàêæå âûÿâëåíû íàðóøåíèÿ òðåáîâàíèé «Ïðàâèë õðàíåíèÿ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ».Ñòåíû â îäíîì èç ïîìåùåíèé îêëååíû ôàêòóðíûìè îáîÿìè, íåðîâíûå, ìåñòàìè ãðÿçíûå; íà ïîòîëêå îòõîäèò ïëèòêà,èìåþòñÿ çàçîðû è íåðîâíîñòè, ÷òî íå îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïðîâåäåíèå âëàæíîé óáîðêè; ïðè õðàíåíèè ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ïðåïàðà-òîâ è ñðåäñòâ íà äåðåâÿííûõ øêàôàõ íå ïðèêðåïëåíû (îòñóòñòâóþò) ñòåëëàæíûå êàðòû, òàêæå íå âåäåòñÿ ó÷åò(èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ) õðàíèìûõ ëåêàðñòâåííûõ ñðåäñòâ è ïðåïàðàòîâ ïðè ïîìîùè êîäîâ è ýëåêòðîííûõ óñòðîéñòâ; íåâåäåòñÿ ó÷åò òåìïåðàòóðû â õîëîäèëüíèêå; âëàæíàÿ óáîðêà ïîëîâ ïðîâîäèòñÿ íå åæåäíåâíî, à òðè ðàçà â íåäåëþ; íåâûäåëåíà êàðàíòèííàÿ çîíà; â îäíîì èç ïîìåùåíèé ïîë íåðîâíûé, èìåþòñÿ òðåùèíû, íàðóøåíà öåëîñòíîñòü âåðõíåãîñëîÿ áåòîííîé ñòÿæêè è äð.

Ó âñåõ ñîòðóäíèêîâ, êîòîðûå íåïîñðåäñòâåííî îñóùåñòâëÿþò ðàáîòó ñ ëåêàðñòâåííûìè ñðåäñòâàìè, ëåêàðñòâåííû-ìè ïðåïàðàòàìè äëÿ âåòåðèíàðíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ (ïðèåì, õðàíåíèå è òîðãîâëÿ), îòñóòñòâóþò ëèáî èñòåê ñðîê îáÿçàòåëü-íûõ äîêóìåíòîâ, íåîáõîäèìûõ äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ òàêèõ ðàáîò: äèïëîì îá îáðàçîâàíèè, ñåðòèôèêàò ñïåöèàëèñòà, óäîñòî-âåðåíèå î ïîâûøåíèè êâàëèôèêàöèè.

Â îòíîøåíèè þðèäè÷åñêîãî ëèöà è äèðåêòîðà îðãàíèçàöèè âîçáóæäåíû äåëà îá àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîì ïðàâîíàðóøå-íèè ïî ÷àñòè 4 ñòàòüè 14.1 Êîäåêñà îá àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ïðàâîíàðóøåíèÿõ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Òàêæå ïîäãîòîâ-ëåíû ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ îòïðàâêè íà ðàññìîòðåíèå â ñóä.

Ïðåññ-ñëóæáà Ðîññåëüõîçíàäçîðà


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DOI CrossRef:10.30917/ATT-VK-1814-9588-2020-2-12ÓÄÊ 619:001.893:616-02-2.7:591.16:636.2

Ïðîãðàììû êîíòðîëÿ èíôåêöèîííûõôàêòîðîâ, âëèÿþùèõ íàðåïðîäóêòèâíóþ ôóíêöèþâûñîêîïðîäóêòèâíûõ ìîëî÷íûõêîðîâ

Øêóðàòîâà È.À. – ÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ, äîêòîðâåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, ïðîôåññîð, äèðåêòîð ÔÃÁÍÓÓðÔÀÍÈÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, ã. Åêàòåðèíáóðã, [email protected]Øèëîâà Å.Í. – äîêòîð âåòåðèíàðíûõ íàóê, äîöåíò,ñòàðøèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê ÔÃÁÍÓ ÓðÔÀÍÈÖ ÓðÎÐÀÍ, ã. Åêàòåðèíáóðã, [email protected]Ñîêîëîâà Î.Â. – êàíäèäàò áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, ñòàðøèéíàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê ÔÃÁÍÓ ÓðÔÀÍÈÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, ã.Åêàòåðèíáóðã, [email protected]Ðÿïîñîâà Ì.Â. – äîêòîð áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ íàóê, äîöåíò,çàìåñòèòåëü äèðåêòîðà ïî íàó÷íîé ðàáîòå ÔÃÁÍÓÓðÔÀÍÈÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, ã. Åêàòåðèíáóðã,[email protected]

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: èíôåêöèîííûå çàáîëåâàíèÿ, êðóï-íûé ðîãàòûé ñêîò, ðåïðîäóêöèÿ, ïðîãðàììû êîíòðîëÿ

Ðåçþìå. Â ðàáîòå ïðåäñòàâëåí ìíîãîëåòíèé àíàëèçâçàèìîñâÿçè èíôèöèðîâàíèÿ ñòàä ìîëî÷íîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿâîçáóäèòåëÿìè èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðàõåèòà, âèðóñíîéäèàðåè, õëàìèäèîçà è íåîñïîðîçà ñ óðîâíåì ðåïðîäóêòèâ-íûõ ïîòåðü è ïðåäëîæåíû ïðîãðàììû èõ êîíòðîëÿ. Ïðèöèðêóëÿöèè BVDV íàðóøåíèÿ âîñïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîé ôóí-êöèè êîðîâ îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ýìáðèîíàëüíûìè ïîòåðÿìè âïåðâûå 30 – 45 äíåé áåðåìåííîñòè, êîòîðûå â 4–5 ðàçïðåâûøàþò äàííûé ïîêàçàòåëü â áëàãîïîëó÷íûõ ñòàäàõ.Ïîòåðè áåðåìåííîñòè â ñòàäàõ ñ ñåðîïðåâàëåíòíîñòüþ êBHV-1 íà óðîâíå 29,2% áûëè â 1,4 ðàçà âûøå, ÷åì ñðåäíèåçíà÷åíèÿ ïî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûì îðãàíèçàöèÿì. Ïðèñî÷åòàííîì âëèÿíèè âèðóñíûõ ïàòîãåíîâ óðîâåíü ðåïðî-äóêòèâíûõ ïîòåðü áûë âûøå â 1,5–1,8 ðàçà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñìîíîèíôåêöèåé, ÷òî îáóñëîâëåíî èììóíîñóïðåññèâíûìäåéñòâèåì âèðóñîâ. Óðîâåíü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ õëàìèäèî-çà, âûçâàííîãî C.abortus â ñðåäíåì ñîñòàâèë 27%. Â ñòàäàõñ ñåðîïðåâàëåíòíîñòüþ ê õëàìèäèîçó äî 50%, ïîòåðè áåðå-ìåííîñòè îñíîâíîãî ðåïðîäóêòèâíîãî ñòàäà ñîñòàâèëè 4,9–5,3%, êîëè÷åñòâî ìåðòâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò – 3,73%. Ñåðîï-ðåâàëåíòíîñòü ê N. caninum â ñðåäíåì, ñîñòàâèëà 36,6%. Óâñåõ ñåðîïîçèòèâíûõ æèâîòíûõ îòìå÷àëè àáîðòû íà ñðî-

êàõ 150–180 äíåé, ïðè ýòîì óðîâåíü ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïî-òåðü â ñòàäàõ ñîñòàâèë îò 5,6 äî 8,5%, ÷òî â 2,4–4 ðàçà âûøå,÷åì ñðåäíèå ïîêàçàòåëè ïî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûì îðãàíè-çàöèÿì.

Äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîãî ïîòåíöèàëà è ïðî-äóêòèâíîñòè æèâîòíûõ ïðåäëîæåíû ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäà-öèè èíôåêöèé, âëèÿþùèõ íà ôóíêöèþ âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà.Ïðîãðàììû íàöåëåíû íà ñâîåâðåìåííîå âûÿâëåíèå íîñè-òåëåé èíôåêöèè, ïðè êîíòðîëèðóåìûõ èíôåêöèÿõ (èíôåê-öèîííûé ðèíîòðàõåèò è âèðóñíàÿ äèàðåÿ) âêëþ÷àëè ïðèìå-íåíèå ñîâðåìåííûõ ñðåäñòâ âàêöèíîïðîôèëàêòèêè, ïðèíåêîíòðîëèðóåìûõ – âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûå ìåðû è ïðè-ìåíåíèå õèìèîòåðàïåâòè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ.

Âûñîêàÿ çíà÷èìîñòü èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, ñâÿ-çàííûõ ñ ðåïðîäóêöèåé ìàòî÷íîãî ïîãîëîâüÿ êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, èõ ñóùåñòâåííûì âëèÿíèåì íà êîëè÷å-

Ïðîãðàììû êîíòðîëÿ èíôåêöèîííûõ ôàêòîðîâ, âëèÿþùèõ íà ðåïðîäóêòèâíóþ ôóíêöèþ âûñîêîïðîäóêòèâíûõìîëî÷íûõ êîðîâ / Øêóðàòîâà È.À. [è äð.] // Âåòåðèíàðèÿ è êîðìëåíèå. 2020. – ¹ 2. – Ñ. 54-57.Programs for controlling infectious factors affecting the reproductive function of highly productive dairy cows / ShkuratovaI.A. [et. al.] // Veterinaria I kormlenie. – 2020. – ¹ 2. – P.54-57.

Programs for controlling infectiousfactors affecting the reproductivefunction of highly productive dairy cowsShkuratova I.A., Shilova E.N., Sokolova O.V.,Ryaposova M.V.Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre

Key words: infectious diseases, cattle, reproduction, controlprograms

Abstract. This paper presents a long-term analysis of therelationship between infection of dairy herds BHV-1, BVDV,C.abortus, N. caninum and the level of reproductive losses. Inaddition, programs for their control are proposed. During BVDVcirculation, impaired reproductive function of cows is determinedby embryonic loss in the first 30-45 days of pregnancy, which is4-5 times higher than this indicator in prosperous herds.Pregnancy losses in herds with seroprevalence to BHV-1 at thelevel of 29.2% were 1.4 times higher than the average values forfarms. With the combined influence of viral pathogens, the levelof reproductive losses was 1.5-1.8 times higher compared tomonoinfection, which is due to the immunosuppressive effect ofviruses. Prevalence of chlamydia induced C.abortus averaged27%. In herds with seroprevalence for chlamydia up to 50%,pregnancy loss of the main reproductive herd was 4.9-5.3%, thenumber of stillborn calves was 3.73%. Seroprevalence for N.caninum averaged 36.6%. Abortions were observed in allseropositive animals for periods of 150-180 days. At the sametime, the level of reproductive losses in herds ranged from 5.6to 8.5%, which is 2.4-4 times higher than the average indicatorfor farms. Thus, in order to increase the reproductive potentialand productivity of animals, infection control programs wereproposed. Programs are aimed at the timely identification ofinfection carriers. In case of controlled infections (infectiousrhinotracheitis and viral diarrhea), these programs included theuse of modern vaccination prophylactics, and for uncontrolledones, veterinary and sanitary measures and the use ofantimicrobial agents.


Øêóðàòîâà È.À.Shkuratova I.A.


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ñòâåííûå ïîêàçàòåëè âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà ñòàäà, â òîì ÷èñëå íàóðîâåíü ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïîòåðü, à òàêæå ýêîíîìè÷åñêóþýôôåêòèâíîñòü îòðàñëè æèâîòíîâîäñòâà â öåëîì. Ðåçóëü-òàòû íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé íàãëÿäíî äåìîíñòðèðóþò íå-îáõîäèìîñòü ðàçðàáîòêè íàó÷íî-îáîñíîâàííûõ ìåòîäîëî-ãè÷åñêèõ ïîäõîäîâ ê êîíòðîëþ íàä ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì âîç-áóäèòåëåé èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé, ïðÿìî èëè êîñâåí-íî îêàçûâàþùèõ âëèÿíèå íà âîñïðîèçâîäñòâî êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, ïåðå÷åíü êîòîðûõ äîâîëüíî øèðîê[1,4,5,7,10]. Ðÿä èíôåêöèé (èíôåêöèîííûé ðèíîòðàõåèò,âèðóñíàÿ äèàðåÿ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà) ÿâëÿþòñÿ óïðàâ-ëÿåìûìè [6], íî åñòü è òàêèå, ó êîòîðûõ ìåõàíèçìû äåé-ñòâèÿ âîçáóäèòåëÿ íà ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå ôóíêöèè êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà ìàëî èçó÷åíû è äî ñèõ ïîð íå ïîääàþòñÿêîíòðîëþ (õëàìèäèîç, íåîñïîðîç).

Íàìè ïðîâåäåíî èññëåäîâàíèå ïîêàçàòåëåé âîñïðîèç-âîäñòâà â ñòàäàõ, ãäå óñòàíîâëåíà ïåðñèñòåíöèÿ îäíîãî èëèíåñêîëüêèõ âîçáóäèòåëåé, èíôèöèðóþùèõ ðåïðîäóêòèâ-íûå îðãàíû, äëÿ îöåíêè èõ âëèÿíèÿ íà âîñïðîèçâîäñòâî, èïðåäëîæåíû ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäàöèè äàííûõ èíôåêöèé.

Ìàòåðèàëû è ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèé

Ðàáîòà âûïîëíåíà â ÔÃÁÍÓ ÓðÔÀÍÈÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ âðàìêàõ Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî çàäàíèÿ Ìèíîáðàíóêè Ðîññèè ïîíàïðàâëåíèþ 160 "Ìîëåêóëÿðíî-áèîëîãè÷åñêèå è íàíîáè-îòåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû ñîçäàíèÿ áèîïðåïàðàòîâ íîâîãîïîêîëåíèÿ, òåõíîëîãèè è ñïîñîáû èõ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñ öåëüþáîðüáû ñ îñîáî îïàñíûìè èíôåêöèîííûìè, ïàðàçèòàðíû-ìè è íåçàðàçíûìè áîëåçíÿìè æèâîòíûõ". Èññëåäîâàíèÿïðîâîäèëè â ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèÿõ ìîëî÷-íîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ Ñâåðäëîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿñåðîëîãè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé áðàëè êðîâü îò êðóïíîãîðîãàòîãî ñêîòà, èç êðîâè ïîëó÷àëè ñûâîðîòêó. Äëÿ âûÿâëå-íèÿ àíòèòåë ïðîâîäèëè ÈÔÀ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì òåñò-ñèñ-òåì "Neospora caninum Antibody Test Kit", "BovineRhinotracheitis Virus (BHV-1) gE Antibody Test Kit","Chlamydophila abortus Antibody Test Kit" (IDEXXLaboratories Inc., ÑØÀ).

Àíòèãåíû âîçáóäèòåëÿ âèðóñíîé äèàðåè îïðåäåëÿëè âöåëüíîé êðîâè. Äëÿ âûÿâëåíèÿ ïåðñèñòåíòíî èíôèöèðî-âàííûõ òåëÿò êðîâü áðàëè èç âåíû ïîñëå ðîæäåíèÿ òåëåíêà,äî âûïîéêè ìîëîçèâà. Ïðîâîäèëè ÈÔÀ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåìòåñò-ñèñòåìû "Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) AntigenTest Kit/Serum Plus" (IDEXX Laboratories Inc., ÑØÀ). Èì-ìóíîôåðìåíòíûé àíàëèç ïðîâîäèëè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ðè-äåðà SUNRISE (Tecan, Àâñòðèÿ) è ïðîãðàììíîãî îáåñïå÷å-íèÿ xChek Assay Management System (IDEXX LaboratoriesInc., ÑØÀ).

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé

Ïðîâåäåí àíàëèç èíôåêöèîííûõ ôàêòîðîâ, âëèÿþùèõíà ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå ôóíêöèè êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Âîç-áóäèòåëü âèðóñíîé äèàðåè êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (BVDV)ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâíûì ïàòîãåíîì, îêàçûâàþùèì íåãàòèâíîåâëèÿíèå ïðàêòè÷åñêè íà âñå ôàçû ðåïðîäóêöèè. Èíôèöèðî-âàíèå áûêîâ-ïðîèçâîäèòåëåé [3] ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè ê ñíèæå-íèþ êà÷åñòâà ñïåðìû è âûäåëåíèþ âèðóñà ñ ýÿêóëÿòîì,èíôèöèðîâàíèå êîðîâ âåäåò ê ñíèæåíèþ îïëîäîòâîðåíèÿ,ýìáðèîíàëüíûì ïîòåðÿì, àáîðòàì è âðîæäåííûì äåôåê-òàì, à òàêæå ïîÿâëåíèþ ñëàáûõ èììóíîòîëåðàíòíûõ òåëÿò.Ïðîâåäåííûå íàìè â òå÷åíèå 2011–2018 ãã. èññëåäîâàíèÿïîêàçàëè, ÷òî â ìîëî÷íûõ ñòàäàõ âûÿâëÿþòñÿ ïåðñèñòåíò-íî èíôèöèðîâàííûå òåëÿòà, ïîêàçûâàþùèå íàëè÷èå àíòè-ãåíà âîçáóäèòåëÿ âèðóñíîé äèàðåè, ïðè ñíèæåíèè êîíòðî-ëÿ ìèãðàöèè âèðóñà â íåáëàãîïîëó÷íûõ ñòàäàõ óðîâåíü åãîïðåíàòàëüíîé ïåðåäà÷è ñîñòàâëÿåò äî 40%, ñðåäíèé óðî-âåíü èíôèöèðîâàííîñòè íîâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò â ñåëüñêî-õîçÿéñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèÿõ Óðàëüñêîãî ðåãèîíà – 3,8%.Ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå íàðóøåíèÿ â íåáëàãîïîëó÷íûõ ïî öèðêó-ëÿöèè BVDV ñòàäàõ ñâÿçàíû, ïðåæäå âñåãî, ñ ýìáðèîíàëü-íûìè ïîòåðÿìè â ïåðâûå 30 – 45 äíåé áåðåìåííîñòè,êîòîðûå ñîñòàâëÿþò 17,11 – 20,23%, õîòÿ â áëàãîïîëó÷íûõ

Ðèñ. 3 - Ñõåìà äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé âíåáëàãîïîëó÷íûõ ïî õëàìèäèîçó ñòàäàõ (Øèëîâà Å.Í.,Ñîêîëîâà Î.Â., Ðÿïîñîâà Ì.Â., 2020)Fig.3 - Chlamydia Diagnosis Plan (Shilova E.N., SokolovaO.V., Ryaposova M.V., 2020)

Ðèñ. 1 - Óðîâåíü àáîðòîâ â ìîëî÷íûõ ñòàäàõ ñ ðàçíîéñèòóàöèåé ïî íàëè÷èþ âèðóñíûõ èíôåêöèéFig.1 - The rate of abortion in dairy herds with differentsituations for the presence of viral infections

Ðèñ. 2 - Ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå ïîòåðè ïðè íåáëàãîïîëó÷èèìîëî÷íîãî ñòàäà ïî õëàìèäèîçó è íåîñïîðîçóFig.2 - Ðregnancy losses in C.abortus and N.caninum


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ïî ýòîé èíôåêöèè õîçÿéñòâàõ äàííûé ïîêàçàòåëü íå ïðåâû-øàë 4,17–8,52%.

Îñîáîå ìåñòî êàê ôàêòîð, âëèÿþùèé íà âîñïðîèçâîä-ñòâî, çàíèìàåò âèðóñ èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðàõåèòà (BHV-1). Óñòàíîâëåíà ïðåäðàñïîëîæåííîñòü òêàíè ÿè÷íèêîâ è, âîñîáåííîñòè, æåëòîãî òåëà ê èíôèöèðîâàíèþ äàííûì âîç-áóäèòåëåì. Âîçäåéñòâèå âèðóñà íà ÿè÷íèê ïðîèñõîäèò íà4–9 äåíü ïîñëå òå÷êè, ÷òî òàêæå âûçûâàåò ñíèæåíèå ïðî-äóêöèè ïðîãåñòåðîíà [9]. Òàêèå ýôôåêòû ìîãóò áûòü âûçâà-íû ïðè ðåàêòèâàöèè ñîáñòâåííîãî âèðóñà ïðè ëàòåíòíîìïðîòåêàíèè èíôåêöèè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðåïðîäóêòèâíûåïîòåðè ïðè èíôåêöèîííîì ðèíîòðàõåèòå ìîãóò áûòü ñâÿçà-íû íå òîëüêî ñ íàðóøåíèåì ñâÿçè "ìàòü-ïëàöåíòà-ïëîä", íîè ñíèæåíèåì ïðîãåñòåðîíîâîãî ôîíà ïåðåä èìïëàíòàöèåéýìáðèîíà â ìàòêó.

Â íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ, ñåðîïðåâàëåíòíîñòü íîñèòåëü-ñòâà ïîëåâîãî øòàììà BHV-1 â ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ îðãà-íèçàöèÿõ áûëà íà óðîâíå 29,2%. Íà ôåðìàõ, ãäå îòìå÷àëèíîñèòåëåé BHV-1, ïîêàçàòåëè âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà áûëè ñó-ùåñòâåííî íèæå, ÷åì, â ñðåäíåì, ïî àíàëîãè÷íûì áëàãîïî-ëó÷íûì ôåðìàì. Òàê, ïîòåðè áåðåìåííîñòè ó êîðîâ â ñòàäå,ãäå ñåðîïðåâàëåíòíîñòü ïîëåâîãî øòàììà BHV-1 ñîñòàâè-ëà 25%, áûë â 2018–2019 ãã. â 10,6 ðàç âûøå, ÷åì â ìîëî÷-íîì ñòàäå, ãäå â òå÷åíèå 2009–2019 ãã. áûëà ïðîâåäåíàýðàäèêàöèÿ BHV-1 ñ ïîëíîé çàìåíîé ïîëåâîãî øòàììàâèðóñà âàêöèííûì øòàììîì, è â 1,4 ðàçà âûøå, ÷åì ñðåä-íèå çíà÷åíèÿ äàííîãî ïîêàçàòåëÿ ïî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåí-íûì îðãàíèçàöèÿì (ðèñ.1).

Àññîöèàöèÿ BVDV è BHV-1 ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ çíà÷è-òåëüíîé èììóíîñóïðåññèåé, îáóñëîâëåííîé äåéñòâèåì îáî-èõ âèðóñîâ [11]. Ïðè ñî÷åòàííîé èíôåêöèè âèðóñíîé äèà-ðåè è èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðàõåèòà â ñòàäå, èõ âëèÿíèå íàïîêàçàòåëè âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà åùå áîëåå óñèëèâàåòñÿ. Òàê,óðîâåíü ïîòåðü áåðåìåííîñòè â ñòàäàõ, ãäå îòìå÷åíà öèð-êóëÿöèÿ îáîèõ âèðóñîâ, áûë â 1,8 ðàç âûøå, ÷åì â ïðåäïðè-ÿòèÿõ ñ ìîíîèíôåêöèåé BHV-1 è â 2,4 ðàçà âûøå, ÷åì âñðåäíåì ïî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûì îðãàíèçàöèÿì (ðèñ.1)

Åùå îäíèì èíôåêöèîííûì àãåíòîì, âûçûâàþùèì ðåï-ðîäóêòèâíûå ïîòåðè, ÿâëÿåòñÿ C.abortus. Õëàìèäèéíûåèíôåêöèè äîâîëüíî èçó÷åíû ó îâåö, íî èõ ýïèäåìèîëîãèÿïðàêòè÷åñêè íå îïèñàíà ó êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Î÷å-âèäíîå îòñóòñòâèå ñâÿçè ìåæäó èíôåêöèåé è êëèíè÷åñêèìçàáîëåâàíèåì ïðèâåëî ê äèñêóññèè î ïàòîãåííîé çíà÷èìî-ñòè ýòèõ îðãàíèçìîâ, îäíàêî äàííûå âîçáóäèòåëè ýíäåìè÷-íû âî ìíîãèõ ñòàäàõ è àññîöèèðîâàíû ñ ïîòåðÿìè áåðåìåí-íîñòè íà ðàçíûõ ñðîêàõ [8]. Óðîâåíü ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîñòèõëàìèäèîçà, âûçâàííîãî C.abortus, â ìîëî÷íûõ ñòàäàõÓðàëüñêîãî ðåãèîíà, â ñðåäíåì, â 2018–2019 ã. ñîñòàâèë

27%. Â ñòàäàõ, ãäå ñåðîïðåâàëåíòíîñòü õëàìèäèîçà áûëàäî 50%, ïîòåðè áåðåìåííîñòè îñíîâíîãî ñòàäà ñîñòàâèëè4,9–5,3%, êîëè÷åñòâî ìåðòâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò – 3,73%, ÷òîâûøå ñðåäíèõ çíà÷åíèé ïî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûì îðãàíè-çàöèÿì â 1,7 è 6,4 ðàçà ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Ñðàâíèòåëüíî íîâûì ôàêòîðîì, êîòîðûé íåîáõîäèìîó÷èòûâàòü ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà ñòàäà, ÿâëÿ-åòñÿ Neospora caninum. Äàííûé âîçáóäèòåëü, ïðîñòåéøèéïàðàçèò, èíâàçèðóåò áåðåìåííûõ êîðîâ è ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðè÷è-íîé àáîðòîâ. Â íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ (2015–2019 ãã.), àíòè-òåëà ê N. caninum îáíàðóæåíû ó êîðîâ ñ ðåïðîäóêòèâíûìèïîòåðÿìè â 56,2 % îò îáñëåäîâàííûõ ñòàä, ñåðîïðåâàëåíò-íîñòü â 2018–2019 ãã., â ñðåäíåì, ñîñòàâèëà 36,6%. Â ñòà-äàõ, ãäå îòìå÷àëè íàëè÷èå ñåðîïîçèòèâíûõ êîðîâ, ñåðîï-ðåâàëåíòíîñòü ó êîðîâ ñ ïîòåðÿìè áåðåìåííîñòè áûëà îò26,6 äî 80%. Ó âñåõ ñåðîïîçèòèâíûõ æèâîòíûõ îòìå÷àëèàáîðòû íà ñðîêå 150–180 äíåé, óðîâåíü ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõïîòåðü â ñòàäàõ ñîñòàâèë îò 5,6 äî 8,5%, ÷òî â 2,4–4 ðàçàâûøå, ÷åì ñðåäíèå ïîêàçàòåëè ïî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûìîðãàíèçàöèÿì (ðèñ.2).

Â îäíîì èç èññëåäîâàííûõ ñòàä îòìå÷àëè êîìáèíàöèþèíôåêöèîííûõ ôàêòîðîâ, âëèÿþùèõ íà âîñïðîèçâîäñòâî(N.caninum+C.abortus). Áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî óðîâåíü ðåï-ðîäóêòèâíûõ ïîòåðü â âèäå àáîðòîâ ñîñòàâèë 18,5% (ðèñ.2),ñðîêè ãåñòàöèè (áåðåìåííîñòè) íà äàòó àáîðòà ñîñòàâèëè îò90 äî 235 äíåé. Ñðåäíèé ãåñòàöèîííûé âîçðàñò ïëîäàñîñòàâèë 165,8±4,6 äíåé. Ñåðîïðåâàëåíòíîñòü ê N. caninumïî ñòàäó ñîñòàâèëà 40,7% (ó àáîðòèðîâàâøèõ êîðîâ 100%),C.abortus 18,5% (ó àáîðòèðîâàâøèõ êîðîâ 29,4%), C.abortusâûäåëåíà èç àáîðòïëîäîâ ìåòîäîì ÏÖÐ ó 33% æèâîòíûõ.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, èíôåêöèîííûå ôàêòîðû âèðóñíîãî,áàêòåðèàëüíîãî è ïàðàçèòàðíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ (BHV-1,BVDV, C.abortus, N.caninum) ìîãóò îêàçûâàòü ñóùåñòâåí-íîå âëèÿíèå íà ïîêàçàòåëè âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà, ÷òî âåäåò êýêîíîìè÷åñêèì ïîòåðÿì â æèâîòíîâîäñòâå. Â íàøèõ èñ-ñëåäîâàíèÿõ, íåêîíòðîëèðóåìûå èíôåêöèè (õëàìèäèîç,íåîñïîðîç) âûçûâàþò áîëåå ñåðüåçíûå ðåïðîäóêòèâíûåïîòåðè, ÷åì êîíòðîëèðóåìûå (èíôåêöèîííûé ðèíîòðàõå-èò, âèðóñíàÿ äèàðåÿ).

Íàìè äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâíîãî ïîòåíöèàëà èïðîäóêòèâíîñòè æèâîòíûõ áûëè ïðåäëîæåíû ïðîãðàììûëèêâèäàöèè èíôåêöèé, âëèÿþùèõ íà âîñïðîèçâîäñòâî.Ïðîãðàììû ïðîôèëàêòèêè è ëèêâèäàöèè áûëè íàöåëåíûíà ñâîåâðåìåííîå âûÿâëåíèå íîñèòåëåé èíôåêöèè, ïðèêîíòðîëèðóåìûõ èíôåêöèÿõ (èíôåêöèîííûé ðèíîòðàõåèòè âèðóñíàÿ äèàðåÿ) âêëþ÷àëè ïðèìåíåíèå ñîâðåìåííûõñðåäñòâ âàêöèíîïðîôèëàêòèêè, ïðè íåêîíòðîëèðóåìûõ –ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûå ìåðû è ïðèìå-íåíèå õèìèîòåðàïåâòè÷åñêèõ ïðåïàðàòîâ.


Óðàëüñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé âåòåðèíàðíûé èíñòèòóò âåäåò ñâîþ èñòîðèþ ñ 1930 ãîäà. Â èíñòèòóòå íàðÿäóñ äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèìè èññëåäîâàíèÿìè ïðîâîäèëàñü íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêàÿ ðàáîòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ êîêêîâûõ çàáîëåâà-íèé ìîëîäíÿêà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ æèâîòíûõ, öåðåáðîñïèíàëüíîãî ìåíèíãèòà ëîøàäåé, èíôåêöèîííûõ áîëåçíåéïòèö, ãåëüìèíòîôàóíå äîìàøíèõ ïëîòîÿäíûõ. Â Ñâåðäëîâñêîé îáëàñòè ýôôåêòèâíî âíåäðåíà êîìïëåêñíàÿ ïðîãðàììàïî îçäîðîâëåíèþ îò áðóöåëëåçà. Â ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå ñ ÂÈÝÂ âïåðâûå íà Ñðåäíåì Óðàëå óñòàíîâëåíî íîâîå çàáîëåâàíèåñâèíåé - ãåìîôèëåçíàÿ ïëåâðîïíåâìîíèÿ. Èçó÷åíî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå îñòðûõ ðåñïèðàòîðíûõ âèðóñíûõ èíôåêöèé êðóï-íîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Óñòàíîâëåíà ðîëü âèðóñà ÈÐÒ â ýòèîëîãèè ìàññîâûõ ãèíåêîëîãè÷åñêèõ çàáîëåâàíèé âûñîêîïðîäóê-òèâíûõ êîðîâ. Áîëüøèì äîñòèæåíèåì ñîâìåñòíîé ðàáîòû ó÷åíûõ è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé âåòåðèíàðíîé ñëóæáû ÿâëÿåòñÿðåàëèçàöèÿ "Óðàëüñêîé ñèñòåìû îçäîðîâèòåëüíûõ ïðîòèâîëåéêîçíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé", ÷òî ïîçâîëèëî îçäîðîâèòü Ñâåð-äëîâñêóþ îáëàñòü îò âèðóñà ëåéêîçà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà îäíîé èç ïåðâûõ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. Â íàñòîÿùååâðåìÿ â èíñòèòóòå ïðîâîäÿòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî ðàçðàáîòêå ìåòîäîâ ðàííåé äèàãíîñòèêè, ëå÷åíèÿ è ïðîôèëàêòèêèèíôåêöèîííûõ è íåçàðàçíûõ áîëåçíåé æèâîòíûõ, ïðîáëåìàì àíòèáèîòèêîðåçèñòåíòíîñòè, ïàòîëîãèè ðåïðîäóêòèâíîéñèñòåìû æèâîòíûõ, êîíòðîëþ êà÷åñòâà êîðìîâ. Â èíñòèòóòå ðàáîòàþò 58 íàó÷íûõ ñîòðóäíèêîâ, 1 àêàäåìèê, 1 ÷ëåí-êîððåñïîíäåíò ÐÀÍ, 16 äîêòîðîâ è 24 êàíäèäàòà íàóê. Èíñòèòóò ïðîâîäèò ïîäãîòîâêó êàäðîâ âûñøåé êâàëèôèêàöèè÷åðåç àñïèðàíòóðó ïî 4 ñïåöèàëüíîñòÿì, äåéñòâóåò ó÷åáíûé öåíòð ïîâûøåíèÿ êâàëèôèêàöèè, ðàáîòàåò äèññåðòàöèîí-íûé ñîâåò ïî çàùèòå äèññåðòàöèé íà ñîèñêàíèå ó÷åíîé ñòåïåíè äîêòîðà è êàíäèäàòà íàóê ïî ñïåöèàëüíîñòÿì: 03.02.14- áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ðåñóðñû (áèîëîãè÷åñêèå íàóêè), 06.02.02 - âåòåðèíàðíàÿ ìèêðîáèîëîãèÿ, âèðóñîëîãèÿ, ýïèçîîòîëîãèÿ,ìèêîëîãèÿ ñ ìèêîòîêñèêîëîãèåé è èììóíîëîãèÿ (âåòåðèíàðíûå íàóêè).


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Òàê, ïðîãðàììà îçäîðîâëåíèÿ ñòàäà ïðè âûÿâëåíèèïåðñèñòåíòíûõ íîñèòåëåé âèðóñíîé äèàðåè âêëþ÷àåò îáÿ-çàòåëüíîå òåñòèðîâàíèå íîâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò äî âûïîéêèìîëîçèâà íà íàëè÷èå àíòèãåíà BVDV ñ óäàëåíèåì âèðóñî-íîñèòåëåé èç ñòàäà, ïðèìåíåíèå óëüòðàçâóêîâîé äèàãíîñ-òèêè íà ðàííèõ ñðîêàõ áåðåìåííîñòè äëÿ ôèêñàöèè ýìáðè-îíàëüíûõ ïîòåðü, ïðèìåíåíèå èíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ ìîíî- èïîëèâàêöèí ïðîòèâ âèðóñíîé äèàðåè äî ïåðâîãî îñåìåíå-íèÿ òåëîê è íà ïðîòÿæåíèè âñåãî ñðîêà õîçÿéñòâåííîãîèñïîëüçîâàíèÿ æèâîòíûõ. ×åòêîå è ïëàíîìåðíîå ñîáëþäå-íèå âñåõ ïðàâèë àêòèâíîé èììóíèçàöèè æèâîòíûõ íåçàâè-ñèìî îò âèäà ïðèìåíÿåìûõ èíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèíñíèæàåò ðèñê ðàçâèòèÿ âèðóñåìèè, ïðåäîòâðàùàåò âíóòðè-óòðîáíîå èíôèöèðîâàíèå, îáåñïå÷èâàåò âûñîêèé óðîâåíüïàññèâíîãî èììóíèòåòà ó íîâîðîæäåííûõ òåëÿò. Âíåäðå-íèå òàêîé ïðîãðàììû ïîçâîëèëî óìåíüøèòü ïîòåðè áåðå-ìåííîñòè â 2–2,5 ðàçà, ïîâûñèòü ñîõðàííîñòü ìîëîäíÿêà â3 ðàçà.

Ïðîãðàììà ýðàäèêàöèè âîçáóäèòåëÿ èíôåêöèîííîãîðèíîòðàõåèòà èç ìîëî÷íîãî ñòàäà âêëþ÷àåò äèôôåðåíöè-ðîâàííûé ïîäõîä ê ñåðîäèàãíîñòèêå (DIVA-ñòðàòåãèÿ) [9],à òàêæå ñòðàòåãèþ êîìáèíèðîâàííîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ æèâûõìàðêèðîâàííûõ è èíàêòèâèðîâàííûõ âàêöèí ïðîòèâ ÈÐÒ[13]. Òàêîé ïîäõîä ïîçâîëèë âûòåñíèòü BHV-1 èç ïîïóëÿ-öèè êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà â íåáëàãîïîëó÷íîì ñòàäå, ïðèýòîì ñåðîïðåâàëåíòíîñòü ñíèçèëàñü äî 1–3%, à óðîâåíüðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïîòåðü – â 4–5 ðàç.

Ïðîãðàììû îçäîðîâëåíèÿ ïðè öèðêóëÿöèè âîçáóäèòå-ëÿ õëàìèäèîçà íàöåëåíû íà ñâîåâðåìåííîå âûÿâëåíèå íî-ñèòåëåé ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ðàçíûõ ìåòîäîâ äèàãíîñòèêè(ðèñ.3) è èõ ñàíàöèþ, à òàêæå íà ñòðîãîì âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíîì êîíòðîëå îñåìåíåíèÿ æèâîòíûõ. Âíåäðåíèåòàêèõ äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ è òåðàïåâòè÷åñêèõ ñõåì ïîçâîëÿåòñíèçèòü ðåïðîäóêòèâíûå ïîòåðè â ñðåäíåì â 4 ðàçà.

Íàèáîëåå ñëîæíîé è ìàëîèçó÷åííîé íåêîíòðîëèðóå-ìîé èíôåêöèåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåîñïîðîç êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêî-òà. Äî ñèõ ïîð íå ðàçðàáîòàíû ýôôåêòèâíûå õèìèîòåðàïåâ-òè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà, ïîçâîëÿþùèå ñíèçèòü ïàðàçèòàðíóþíàãðóçêó íà îðãàíèçì ïðîìåæóòî÷íîãî õîçÿèíà (áåðåìåí-íîé êîðîâû), íà ñòàäèè èññëåäîâàíèé íàõîäÿòñÿ ñðåäñòâàèììóíîïðîôèëàêòèêè [12,14]. Ïðîãðàììû ëèêâèäàöèè ïðèäàííîé èíâàçèè âêëþ÷àþò ñîâðåìåííóþ äèàãíîñòèêó, ìåðûïî ðàçðûâó ýïèçîîòè÷åñêîé öåïè è ïðèìåíåíèå õèìèîòåðà-ïåâòè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ îêîí÷àòåëüíîìó õîçÿèíó (ñîáàêå). Òåìíå ìåíåå, âíåäðåíèå òàêèõ ïðîãðàìì ïîêà íå ïîçâîëÿåòäîáèòüñÿ çíà÷èìûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé ñíèæåíèÿ ðåïðîäóêòèâ-íûõ ïîòåðü.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà áîëüøîì ôàêòè÷åñêîì ìàòåðèàëåïîêàçàíà ðîëü èíôåêöèîííûõ ïàòîãåíîâ â âîçíèêíîâåíèèíàðóøåíèé ðåïðîäóêòèâíîé ôóíêöèè êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãîñêîòà. Ñîáëþäåíèå îñíîâíûõ ïðèíöèïîâ è ïîäõîäîâ ïðèïðîâåäåíèè ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé èììóíîïðîôèëàêòèêè êîíòðî-ëèðóåìûõ èíôåêöèé â ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöè-ÿõ Ñâåðäëîâñêîé îáëàñòè. (èíôåêöèîííûé ðèíòîðàõåèò,âèðóñíàÿ äèàðåÿ), ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñõåì äèàãíîñòè÷åñ-êèõ, âåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûõ è ëå÷åáíî-ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñ-êèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïðè íåêîíòðîëèðóåìûõ èíôåêöèÿõ (õëà-ìèäèîç, íåîñïîðîç) êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà ïîçâîëèëèñíèçèòü óðîâåíü ðåïðîäóêòèâíûõ ïîòåðü â 2–4 ðàçà è ïîâû-ñèòü ïîêàçàòåëè ñîõðàííîñòè ìîëîäíÿêà â ñðåäíåì â 3 ðàçà.

Ëèòåðàòóðà1.Ãëîòîâ À.Ã., Ãëîòîâà Ò.È. // Ðîëü âèðóñà èíôåêöèîííîãî ðèíîòðà-õåèòà â ïàòîëîãèè âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Âåòå-ðèíàðèÿ. - 2018. - ¹ 3. - Ñ. 3-9.2.Ãëîòîâ Ã.Ã., Ãëîòîâà Ò.È. // Âëèÿíèå êîëîñòðàëüíîãî èììóíèòåòàíà ýôôåêòèâíîñòü âàêöèíàöèè òåëÿò ïðîòèâ âèðóñíûõ èíôåêöèé.Âåòåðèíàðèÿ. - 2019. - ¹6. - Ñ. 3-11.3.Äàíèëêèíà Î.À., Øèëîâà Å.Í., Ðÿïîñîâà Ì.Â. // Ïðèìåíåíèå íàáûêàõ-ïðîèçâîäèòåëÿõ èíàêòèâèðîâàííîé âàêöèíû "Õèïðàáîâèñ-4" ïðîòèâ ÎÐÂÈ êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà. Â ñáîðíèêå: Òðóäû ÂÈÝÂ2016. - Ñ. 77-83.

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1.Glotov A.G., Glotova T.I. // Rol' virusa infektsionnogo rinotrakheita vpatologii vosproizvodstva krupnogo rogatogo skota. Veterinariya. -2018. - ¹ 3. - S. 3-9.2.Glotov G.G., Glotova T.I. // Vliyaniye kolostral'nogo immuniteta naeffektivnost' vaktsinatsii telyat protiv virusnykh infektsiy. Veterinariya. -2019. - ¹6. - S. 3-11.3.Danilkina O.A., Shilova Ye.N., Ryaposova M.V. // Primeneniye nabykakh-proizvoditelyakh inaktivirovannoy vaktsiny "Khiprabovis-4" protivORVI krupnogo rogatogo skota. V sbornike: Trudy VIEV 2016. - S. 77-83.4.Degtyarev V., Fedotov S., Udalov G. // Profilaktika besplodiya,vyzvannogo polovymi infektsiyami, u molochnykh korov. Veterinariyasel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh. - 2017. - ¹ 12. - S. 41-45.5.Plemyashov K.V., Krutikova A.A. // Khlamidioz krupnogo rogatogoskota v plemennykh khozyaystvakh. Veterinariya. - 2018. - ¹ 6. - S. 28-30.6.Poryvayeva A.P., Vyalykh I.V., Pechura Ye.V., Tomskikh O.G.,Nurmiyeva V.R. // Vliyaniye spetsificheskoy profilaktiki virusnoy diareikrupnogo rogatogo skota na sokhrannost' molodnyaka. Veterinarnyyvrach. - 2018. - ¹ 3. - S. 24-27.7.Shabunin S.V., Shakhov A.G., Nezhdanov A.G. // Bakterial'nyye ivirusnyye infektsii v patologii vosproizvoditel'noy funktsii korov.Veterinariya. - 2012. - ¹ 10. - S. 3-8.8.Ansti S.I., Kuigli B.L., Polkingkhorn A., Dzheloknik M. // Khlamidiynayainfektsiya i faktory riska vnutrikhozyaystvennogo razvitiya v stademolochnogo skota v Yugo-Vostochnom Kvinslende. Aust Vet J. - 2019.- DOI: 10.1111 / avj.12879. [Epub vperedi pechati]9.Chase CCL, Fulton RW, O'Toole D, Gillette B, Daly RF, Perry G,Clement T. // Modifitsirovannyye zhivyye virusnyye vaktsiny protivgerpesvirusa 1 dlya reproduktsii krupnogo rogatogo skota: balanszashchity s nezhelatel'nymi effektami. Vet Mikrobiol. - 2017. - DOI:10.1016 / j.vetmic.2017.03.016.10. Fray M.D., Paton D.Dzh., Alenius S. // Vliyaniye virusa virusnoydiarei krupnogo rogatogo skota na reproduktsiyu krupnogo rogatogoskota v svyazi s kontrolem zabolevaniya. Anim Reprod Sci. - 2000 - 60-61: 615-27.11.Dzhons S. // Gerpesvirus krupnogo rogatogo skota 1 protivodeystvuyetimmunnym reaktsiyam i immunnomu nadzoru dlya usileniya patogenezai peredachi virusa. Front Immunol. - 2019. - DOI: 10.3389 /fimmu.2019.01008.12.Mur D.P., Odeon A.S., Venturini M.S., Kampero S.M. // Bychiyneosporoz: obshchiye ponyatiya, immunitet i perspektivy vaktsinatsii.Prepodobnyy Serebryanyy Mikrobiol. - 2005. - 37 (4): 217-28.13.Sokolova O.V., Shilova Ye.N., Ryaposova M.V. // Primeneniyemarkernykh vaktsin protiv IBR dlya kontrolya razmnozheniya molochnykhstad. Razmnozheniye u domashnikh zhivotnykh. - 2019. - T. 54. - ¹ S3.- S. 104.14.Syuy TSzyan', Khiramatsu Rikito, Sukhaymi Khamiza. // AntigenyNeospora caninum, soderzhashchiye virusopodobnyye chastitsy vkachestve kandidata na dvukhvalentnuyu vaktsinu protiv neosporoza.Vaktsiny. - 2019.


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