Update on biogenic and soil emissions modeling for DYNAMO

Daniel Cohan, Rui Zhang, Quazi Rasool, and Arastoo Pour BiazarAQAST 9 meeting, St. Louis UniversityJune 3, 2015

Improved Soil NO Emissions Scheme• Berkeley Dalhousie Soil NO Parameterization (BDSNP)

– Introduced by Hudman et al. 2012; In GEOS-Chem– Replaces Yienger and Levy scheme

• More sophisticated emission response to meteorology– Nonlinear response to soil moisture & T from land surface

model– Pulse of emissions when rain follows dry period

• Implemented in CMAQ inline biogenics– Provided to EPA (Jesse Bash) for CMAQ development– Shared with UMD, U Iowa, others

• Base-level emissions factors for each land cover category based on Steinkamp and Lawrence 2011– Updated to use CMAQ’s land cover data (Pleim Xiu)– Updated to use factors based on global or N. American data

• Fertilizer and N deposition add N to soil reservoir– Updated to use EPIC or Potter based fertilizer

Soil NO Flux = A’(Biome, Soil Nitrogen) x f(T) x g(θ) x Pulse(Dry Period) x Canopy Reduction

BDSNP Soil NO scheme implemented in CMAQ v. 5.0.2

Biome Emission FactorsSteinkamp and Lawrence (2011)

factors applied to:Old: GEOS-Chem LSM

New: Pleim Xiu LSM from CMAQ; option of N. American factors

DepositionInline deposition

from CMAQ

FertilizerOld: Potter (2010) for typical

year 2000-2010New: EPIC simulation for

specific year

Soil N = Biome N + Deposition N + Fertilizer N

Meteorology (WRF) and Land Surface Model (Pleim Xiu)Soil Temperature (T) and Soil Moisture (θ)

Pulse Emission FactorCanopy Reduction Factor

Soil NO Emission Rate

Soil NO emissions in CMAQ CONUS 2005: YL vs. original BDSNP implementation

CMAQYienger & Levy

CMAQ BDSNP (Potter, GEOS-Chem land cover, global factors)

Month

2011 National Land Cover Database

GEOS-Chem Biome Types (0.25° x 0.25°)

CMAQ MODIS NLCD40 biome types (12 km)

Land Cover Comparison

Original (GEOS-Chem Biomes) New (CMAQ NLCD Biomes)

Base Biome Emission Factors under different land cover and data

Using global emission factors from Steinkamp and Lawrence

Using North American emission factors from Steinkamp and Lawrence

Fertilizer N (NO3+ NH4 + Org N) pool input into BDSNP

Incorporating EPIC and FEST-C into CMAQ-BDSNP: Enables Dynamic Fertilizer & Control Scenarios

FertilizerEmission Factor

Potter EPIC

Overall Soil NO Emissions

Impact of EPIC vs. Potter Fertilizer Data

Soil NO July 2011 emissions comparisons

Soil NO (Mtonnes/day) YL BDSNP_Potter_Old Biome BDSNP_EPIC_New Biome % (Potter-YL)/YL % (EPIC-Potter)/PotterMidwest+NEUS 2142.72 4216.32 4968.00 96.77 17.83

SouthUS(TX,OK,KS) 597.89 1753.92 1995.84 193.35 13.79SouthCanada 203.04 711.07 630.72 250.21 -11.30NorthMexico 216.86 374.98 403.49 72.91 7.60

SEUS (AR,LA,FL etc) 486.43 852.77 1339.20 75.31 57.04PacificNWUS+California 1036.80 2868.48 2825.28 176.67 -1.51

BDSNP (Potter) – YL BDSNP (EPIC) – BDSNP (Potter)

Impact of soil NO on 8h O3 (July 2011 avg.)

BDSNP (Potter) vs. YL BDSNP (EPIC) vs. BDSNP (Potter)

Fractional impact on NO2 columns, July 2011

BDSNP (Potter) vs. YL BDSNP (EPIC) vs. BDSNP (Potter)

UAH Satellite-derived insolation and PAR

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WRF Model Calculated PAR

Satellite PAR

UAH GOES-based retrieval reduces overprediction of PAR, but some bias

remains in eastern U.S.

WRFNMB = 22%NME = 34%

SatelliteNMB = 14%NME = 27%

Spatial Distribution of NMB (normalized mean bias) Against Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)

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WRF Satellite

BEIS v3

Q: canopy adjusted PAR = PAR direct beam + PAR diffuse (umol/m2-s)

1. change getparb.F in CCTM to read the insolation retrieval from GOES to get the fraction of PAR_DB and PAR_DIF 2. keep the original BEIS algorithm but constrains the total PAR value with the GOES retrievals

WRF v3.6

CMAQ v5.0.2

GOES Satellite insolation & PAR

Retrieval Products (UAH) measurements

Ozone BVOC

Spatial Allocator

Incorporation of GOES-based insolation and PAR into CMAQ with inline BEIS

BEIS Isoprene Emissions using WRF or satellite-based PAR

WRF PAR UAH GOES-based PAR

Next Steps

• Evaluate CMAQ-BDSNP cases against OMI NO2 and ground-level ozone observations– Multi-month simulations in CMAQ CONUS 2011

• Continued refinements and users guide for CMAQ-BDSNP to allow broader use

• Compare sensitivities of BEIS and MEGAN to satellite-based PAR

• Test joint impacts of satellite-based PAR and photolysis rates

• UAH web-based archive of satellite-based PAR and insolation products