updated civil rights
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How do you legally create social change?
The Power of Individuals and Grassroots Movements
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What they didn’t teach you in grade school about Dr. King
• strong opponent of the Vietnam War
• supporter of war on poverty
• arrested and beaten
• accusations
• infidelities
• FBI and the CIA
• assassination conspiracies
“Life's most urgent question is: what are you doing for others?”
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I. INIROruTTCN
A. Lhe.,ld,sslqg Of ,Irc T#illFoJEg
1. the Problen
&r NsvEr$er 1, 1975, llllllarD C. Sulllvan, &rer
Asslstgrt Dlrector, hstl.e Inteltl.Bence Dlvlslcr,
Fe&ral &seau of lrrvesdgadrn, tesdfi€d before the
Senace Select Ccrn'tttee to Snrty Goverrcncal Operat{,mstrlth Respect to IntelLLgenca Actlvldes. Ile rclsted that
fr'6 late 1953 and ccncfndng rntlt the essasslngclerr of
Dr. t{artfn l-uther Rlng, Jn . KJng nas r.he target of an
lntenshe c4atgn by rne F.B.I. to nestr&ffze hls 8s gr
effeetlw dvll rf$rrc leader. SulUrrarr ststed t]ar tn
the rnar egalnsc Kfng 'Nt holds rlere berred." (Saate
Ecpcrrt lb. 9b755, IY,nal Seporc of the Select Cosd,ttee
. to SErrrft Gcnrcmcrrtal 0p€ratJcrrs wlt$ Respect to
IntelEgence Acdvfd€s, Bock II, p, 11). thls srd otlrer
testlury descrtblng, thls F.B.I. cornterlntelllgmce
cryalgn agafns! Klrg reached r.he pr$ftc througfi tlre
news p+<lle. As a ccrlseg\Ence there $as a re8eneratlcr of
the rridespread gpeqd^atlm m t}re posslblllty thet the
ereau uy trarn had sG, r€sponslbltlty tn Dr. Rlng'r.
&atlr and uy not ha\te dare n &partlal ard tlro"prdl
tmnsctgadorr of the sssasslnatlcr.
Text
http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/king.htm
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X and the Nation of Islam
• Why did X and the Nation become popular?
• bio connections
• change can’t be legislated
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Similarities and Differences:Martin vs Malcolm
1964
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Differences: MLK vs X
• stable, middle class childhood
• non violent direct action
• integration
• use the system
• frustration and depression
• 1963 survey: 88% approval rate
• abuse, foster care, criminal
• whatever means necessary
• separation*
• system is corrupt
• impact of the Hajj
• 1963 survey: 15% approval rate
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• powerful public speakers
• (partially) inspired by religion
• took a stand against the status quo
• imprisoned (but for different reasons)
• investigated by the FBI and CIA
• opposed the war in Vietnam
• assassinated for their beliefs (X =1965, MLK=1968)
• inspirational/icons
Similarities
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The Black Panther PartyWho were they and what did they do?
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Who?
• originally formed in Cali
• BPP for Self Defense
• formed shortly after the assassination of X
• grass roots programs
• secular
• supported all minority groups
• black power!
Huey Newton
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Black Panther Programs• police patrol
• breakfast
• day care
• medical care
• reduce street violence
• clothing
• GED
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Problems
• the media (image vs impact)
• COINTELPRO
• role of white people
• arrest of founding member
• police shoot outs
"the greatest threat to the internal security of the country"--J. Edgar Hoover