Upheavals in

China

Focus Question

How did China cope with internal division and foreign invasion in the

early 1900s?

Objectives

• I can explain the challenges the new republic faced.

• I can analyze the struggle between the Communists and the Nationalists.

• China is ripe for revolution

• Spheres of influence economically crippling

• Unsuccessful in pushing out foreigners

A New Power• Nationalist Party of

China lead by Sun Yixian (Yat sen)– Calls for

modernization• Qing Dynasty

overthrown 1911 by Nationalists– A republic formed

Three Principles of the People

• Nationalism• Democracy• Economic

Security

Civil War 1916

- No national agreement on rule

• Fight with Allies in WWI– Hope to gain German colonies located in

Pacific• does not happen – colonies are given to

Japan

May Fourth Movement – 5/4/1919

Nationalists turn against Sun Yixian

Communist Party - 1921• Mao Zedong helps form

party• Marxist Socialism

– Private property taken and divided among peasants

– Private companies seized– Believes that peasant

equality, revolutionary spirit, and hard work will improve the economy

• Lenin helps Nationalists who agree to work with Communists– Sun dies - 1925– Jiang Jieshi – National leader becomes president -

1928• Opposes communism

• Peasants align with Communists• Nationalists and Communists clash

– Nationalists almost wipe out Communist Party• Communists resist rule

Another Civil War … 1930• Mao recruits peasants

– Trains them as a guerrilla army

• Long March – 6,000 mile journey – 1933– 100,000 marchers, only

7-8,000 survive• Japan invades China in 1937

– N & C join together to fight Japanese during WWII

– Civil War resumes afterwards• Communists win• Nationalists retreat to

Taiwan

Who should lead the new China?Here are 2 views of China’s most influential leaders on who

should direct the future of China. Answer … Who does each person think should lead China?One Strong LeaderThe most important point of

fascism is absolute trust in a sagely able leader. Aside from complete trust in one person, there is no other leader or ism. Therefore, with the organization, although there are cadre, council members, and executives, there is no conflict among them; there is only the trust in the one leader. The leader has the final decision in all matters.

- Jiang Jieshi, 1933

Peasant MassesThe broad peasant masses have

risen to fulfill their historic mission … the democratic forces in the rural areas have risen to overthrow the rural feudal power … To overthrow this feudal power is the real objective of the national revolution. What Dr. Sun Yat-sen wanted to do … but failed to accomplish, the peasants have accomplished in a few months.

- Mao Zedong, 1927