UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

ByJ. N. Sharma

(For All Schools Affiliated to CBSE, ICSE and State

Education Boards)

For Classes VII and VIII

© Publishers

Publishers

UPKAR PRAKASHAN(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)

2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–282 002Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101Fax : (0562) 4053330, 4031570E-mail : care@upkar.in, Website : www.upkar.in

Branch Offices :4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj,New Delhi—110 002Phone : 011–23251844/66

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B-33, Blunt Square, KanpurTaxi Stand Lane, Mawaiya,Lucknow—226 004 (U.P.)Phone : 0522–4109080

● The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet ifany mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same.

● This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form byPhotographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without writtenpermission from the Publishers.

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ISBN : 978-81-7482-179-9

Price : 90·00(Rs. Ninety Only)

Code No. 1538

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

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Contents

1. Our Country India 3–13Preamble of Indian Constitution, States, Capitals, Languages, Important Days,Books and Authors, Religious Books, Geographical Surnames, GeneralAbbreviations, Computer Abbreviations, Countries, Capitals and Currencies,Inventions and Inventors, Presidents of India, Chief of Armed Forces, OurParliament, First in India, Some Amazing Facts, Our Defence Forces.

● Exercise 1 to Exercise 12 14–25

2. Some Historical Events/Landmarks, Some Important Geographical Terms,Sports : Cups and Trophies, Some Sporting Terms, Games and Sports—Pointsto Remember, National Parks and Game Sanctuaries. 26–33

● Exercise 13 and Exercise 14 34–35

3. Some Important Events of World History 36–38

● Exercise 15 to Exercise 24 39–47

4. Universe : Points to Remember, Some Important Scientific Terms,Points to Remember 48–58

● Exercise 25 to Exercise 41 59–74

5. International Organisations : Points to Remember 75–76

● Exercise 42 to Exercise 50 77–86

● Answers (Exercise 1 to Exercise 50) 86–93

6. Rapid Fire Questions (Exercise 51 to Exercise 70) 94–109

● Answers (Exercise 51 to Exercise 70) 109–112

7. Miscellaneous Exercise (Exercise 71 to Exercise 88) 113–135

● Answers (Exercise 71 to Exercise 88) 135–136

MULTI MULTI DIMENSIONDIMENSIONALAL

JUNIORJUNIORGENERALGENERAL

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

MULTI MULTI DIMENSIONDIMENSIONALAL

JUNIORJUNIORGENERALGENERAL

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

HIMACHALPRADESH

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

DIUDAMAN

MEGHALAYA

YANAM

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS

DADAR & NAGARHAVELI

GOA

LAKSHADWEEP MAHE PONDICHERRY

KARAIKAL

BAY OF BENGAL

BANGLADESH

ARABIAN

SEA

PAKISTANCHINA(TIBET)

NEPAL

MYANMAR

INDIAStates and Union Territories

Panaji

(Pondicherry)

(Pondicherry)

(Pondicherry)

Thiruvananthapuram

(Puduchchery) Port Blair

Agartala

SIKKIM

Map not to Scale

N

JAMMU & KASHMIRSrinagar

Shimla

PUNJAB

HARYANA

RAJASTHAN

GUJARAT

UTTARANCHAL

DELHI

UTTARPRADESH

MADHYA PRADESH

BIHAR

ASSAM NAGALAND

MANIPUR

MIZORAMTRIPURAWESTBENGALJHARKHAND

CHHATTISGARHORISSA

MAHARASHTRA

ANDHRA PRADESH

KARNATAKA

KERALA

TAMILNADU

BHUTAN

Chandigarh

Dehradun

PatnaLucknowJaipur

BhopalGandhi nagar

Mumbai(Bombay)

Raipur

Hyderabad

Bhubaneshwar

Kolkata

Bangalore Chennai(Madras)

Itanagar

Dispur Kohima

Imphal

Aizawl

Shillong

Ranchi

JAMMU & KASHMIRSrinagar

Shimla

PUNJAB

HARYANA

RAJASTHAN

GUJARAT

UTTARANCHAL

DELHI

UTTARPRADESH

MADHYA PRADESH

BIHAR

ASSAM NAGALAND

MANIPUR

MIZORAMTRIPURAWESTBENGALJHARKHAND

CHHATTISGARHODISHA

MAHARASHTRA

KARNATAKA

KERALA

TAMILNADU

BHUTAN

Chandigarh

Dehradun

PatnaLucknowJaipur

BhopalGandhi nagar

Mumbai(Bombay)

Raipur

Hyderabad

Bhubaneshwar

Kolkata

Bangalore Chennai(Madras)

Itanagar

Dispur Kohima

Imphal

Aizawl

Shillong

Ranchi

GangtokGangtok

ANDHRA PRADESH

TELANGANATELANGANA

Our Country India

● India lies in Asian Continent (South-East Asia).

● It lies to the North of equator between8°4′ N and 37°6′ N latitude and 68°7′E and 97°25° E longitude.

● It is bounded by Arabian sea in theSouth-West and Bay of Bengal in theSouth-East.

● Himalayan ranges lies in the North(North-East and North-West). Thesouthern trip Kanyakumari is washedby Indian ocean.

● India measures 3214 km from North toSouth and 2933 km from East to West.

● India shares its political boundarieswith Pakistan and Afghanistan in theNorth-West; China, Nepal and Bhutanin the North; Myanmar andBangladesh in the North-East. SriLanka is our nearest neighbour acrossthe sea.

● The Tropic of Cancer, passing throughthe central part of India, divides Indiainto Tropical and Sub-tropical zones.

● The longitude of 8212

°E is selected as

the standard Meridian of India.● There are seven mountain ranges in

India—(1) the Himalayas, (2) thePatkai, (3) the Vindhyas, (4) theSatpura, (5) the Aravalli, (6) theSahyadri (Western ghats), (7) theEastern ghats.

● The Himalayas, the highest mountainsystem of the world, is also world’syoungest mountain.

● Aravalli range is one of the oldestmountain systems in the world.

● K-2 is the highest mountain peak ofIndia. It is presently in the Pak Occu-pied Kashmir (POK) Kanchanjunga isthe next highest peak in India.

● The Andaman and Nicobar islands liein the Bay of Bengal. The Laksha-dweep islands lie in the Arabian sea.

● Gujarat state has longest coast line.● The Java Trench 7725 metres deep is

the deepest point in the Indian ocean.● India is a sovereign, socialist, secular,

democratic republic. It is a union of29 States and 7 Union Territories. ThePresident is the Head of the Union. Heis also the Supreme Commander ofour Defence forces.

● Our Parliament consists of twohouses—the upper house known asRajya Sabha and the lower houseknown as Lok Sabha.

● Every State has a LegislativeAssembly.

● Members of Lok Sabha and Legis-lative Assemblies are elected throughdirect elections.

● Every citizen of our country above 18years of age has a right to vote.

● Members of the Lok Sabha elect thePrime Minister. The Prime Ministermakes his/her Council of Ministers.

● The President is elected by the electedmembers of both the houses ofParliament and Legislative Assem-blies of the States for a period of 5years. The Vice President is elected

4 | M. D. G. K.

by the members of Lok Sabha andRajya Sabha.

● The Vice President is chairman of theRajya Sabha.

● The President of India enjoys fivetypes of powers : 1. Executive powers2. Legislative powers. 3. Financialpowers. 4. Judicial powers. 5. Emer-gency powers.

● Indian Constitution is world’s largestwritten Constitution with 395 articlesand 12 schedules.

Preamble to the IndianConstitution

We, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, havingsolemnly resolved to constitute Indiainto a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST,SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUB-LIC and to ensure to all its citizens :JUSTICE, social, economic and poli-tical LIBERTY of thought, expre-ssion, belief, faith and worship;EQUALITY of status and of oppor-tunity; and to promote among them allFRATERNITY assuring the dignity ofthe individual and the unity and inte-grity of the nation;IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEM-BLY this twenty-sixth day ofNovember 1949, do HEREBYADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TOOURSELVES THIS CONSTITU-TION.

● In our Constitution six FundamentalRights have been guaranteed to anIndian citizen.

● Eleven Fundamental Duties have beenenjoined on a citizen.

● The State Emblem of India is a replicaof the capitol of the Ashoka Pillar aspreserved in the Sarnath Museum.

● The words ‘Satyameva Jayate’ areinscribed below the abacus of theState Emblem. These words have beentaken from the Mundak Upanisad.

States of IndiaState Capital Language

AndhraPradesh

Hyderabad Telgu andUrdu

ArunachalPradesh

Itanagar Monpa, Adi,Nissi etc.

Asom Dispur Assameseand Bengali

Bihar Patna HindiChhattisgarh Raipur HindiGoa Panaji Konkani and

MarathiGujarat Gandhi Nagar GujaratiHaryana Chandigarh HindiHimachalPradesh

Shimla Hindi andPahari

Jammu &Kashmir

Sri Nagar Kashmiri,Dogri, Urdu

Jharkhand Ranchi HindiKarnataka Banglore KannadKerala Thiruvanan-

thapuramMalyalam

MadhyaPradesh

Bhopal Hindi

Maharashtra Mumbai Marathi andHindi

Manipur Imphal ManipuriMeghalaya Shillong Khasi, Garo

and JantiaNagaland Kohima Naga and

AssameseOdisha Bhuvaneshwar OriyaPunjab Chandigarh PunjabiRajasthan Jaipur Hindi &

RajasthaniSikkim Gangtok Sikkimese,

Bhutia,Gorkhali etc.

Tamil Nadu Chennai TamilTelangana Hyderabad Telgu UrduUttarakhand Dehradun HindiUttarPradesh

Lucknow Hindi

Tripura Agartala Bangla,Manipuri

Mizoram Aizawl Mizo andEnglish

West Bengal Kolkata Bangla

M. D. G. K. | 5

Union TerritoriesUnion

Territory Capital Language

Andaman andNicobarIslands

Port Blair Mixed IndianLanguages

Chandigarh Chandigarh Hindi andPunjabi

Dadra andNagar Haveli

Silvassa Gujarati andMarathi

Daman andDiu

Daman Marathi andGujarati

LakshadweepIslands

Kavaratti Malayalam

NationalCapitalTerritory ofDelhi

Delhi Hindi andPunjabi

Pududherry Puducherry Tamil andFrench

Important DaysArmy Day — 15 JanuaryRepublic Day — 26 JanuaryMartyrs Day — 30 JanuaryValentine Day — 14 FeburaryInternational WomenDay — 8 MarchWorld Health Day — 7 AprilWorld Heritage Day — 18 AprilWorld Book Day — 23 AprilInternational LabourDay — 1 MayWorld Red Cross Day — 8 MayIndependence Day — 15 AugustTeachers’ Day — 5 SeptemberGandhi Jayanti — 2 OctoberAir Force Day — 8 OctoberUnited Nations’ Day — 24 OctoberNational IntegrationDay — 31 October

Children’s Day — 14 November

World Aids Day — 1 December

Navy Day — 4 December

Flag Day — 7 December

Human Rights Day — 10 December

Books and Authors

Books AuthorsAin-e-Akabari Abul FazalAlice inWonderland

Lewis Carrol

Arthashastra KautilyaAbhijnan-shakuntalam

Kalidas

Agni Pariksha Acharya TulsiBhagwat Gita Ved VyasBharat Bharti Maithli Saran GuptaDivine Comedy DanteDiscovery of India Jawahar Lal NehruDas Capital Karl MarxEternal India Mrs. Indira GandhiGlimpses of WorldHistory

Jawahar Lal Nehru

Gitanjali R. N. TagoreHarshacharitam Ban BhattaHindu View of Life Dr. Radha

KrishnanIndia WinsFreedom

Maulana AbulKalam Azad

Life Divine Sri AurovindoMahabharat Maharshi Ved

VyasMy Experimentswith Truth

Mahatma Gandhi

Origin of Species Charles DarwinPanchtantra Vishnu SharmaParadise Lost John MiltonRaghuvansham KalidasIlliad, Odyssey Homer

Multi-Dimensional Junior GeneralKnowledge

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9788174821799 Author : J. N. Sharma

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