upper intermediate(italian)

8/10/2019 Upper Intermediate(Italian)

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Upper intermediate

Companion

Italian 1st Edition

Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jil l Leatherbarrow

Inside Out

New


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Welcome to the New Inside OutUpper intermediate Companion!

What information does the NewInside OutCompanion give you?

a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of NewInside OutUpper intermediateStudents Book

pronunciation of the key words and phrases translations of the key words and phrases sample sentences showing the words and phrases in contexta summary of the GrammarExtraReference from New Inside OutUpper intermediate Students Book

(art) article

(v) verb(v*) irregular verb

(adj) adjective

(n) noun

(phr v) phrasal verb

(pron) pronoun(prep) preposition

(det) determiner

(f) feminine

(m) masculine

(pl n) plural noun(adv) adverb

(conj) conjunction

// big fish /b f/

/i/ green beans /grin binz//U/ should look /d lk//u / bluemoon /blu mun//e/ ten eggs /ten egz/

// about mother /bat m/

// learn words /ln wdz/// short talk /t tk/// fat cat /ft kt/

// must come /mst km/

// calm start /km stt/

// hot spot /ht spt/

// ear ///e/ face /fes/

// pure /pj/

// boy /b/

// nose /nz/

/e/ hair /he/

/a/ eye /a/

/a/ mouth /ma/

/p/ pen /pen/

/b/ bad /bd/

/t/ tea /ti//d/ dog /dg/

/t/ church /tt/

/d/ jazz /dz/

/k/ cost /kst/

/g/ girl /gl//f/ far /fr/

/v/ voice /vos/

// thin /n/

// then / en/

/s/ snake /snek//z/ noise /noz/

// shop /p/// measure /mer/

/m/ make /mek//n/ nine /nan/

// sing /a/

/h/ house /has/

/l/ leg /leg/

/r/ red /red/

/w/ wet /wet/

/j/ yes /jes/

VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS CONSONANTS


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1

Unit 1 (page 4)

adopt a child /dpt ald/ Madonna and her husband adopted a childfrom Malawi, called David

Banda.

annoy (v) /n/ It annoysBelinda that some people think the royal family had

something to do with Dianas death.

ascent (n) /sent/ Someones ascentto stardom is the way in which they progress

towards or achieve fame.

attract criticism /trkt krtsz()m/ The adoption attracted criticismfrom people who felt Madonna had

used her fame to fast-track it.

bleach (v) /bli/ People who bleachtheir hair use a special product to make it blonde.

as bright as a button /z brat z bt()n/ Someone who is as bright as a buttonis very intelligent.

buckle down (phr v) /bk()l dan/ When you buckle down, you start to work hard to achieve something.

calm down (phr v) /km dan/ Dont get so angry just calm down!career-wise (adj) /krwaz/ Career-wise, Madonna is as successful now as shes ever been.

celebrity (n) /slebrti/ Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.

charity (n) /rti/ Princess Diana raised a lot of money for charity.

chilly (adj) /li/ Chillyis a word that means cold.

collar (v) /kl/ If you collar someone, you find someone and force them to talk or

listen to you.

consolidator (n) /knsldet/ When we say that Madonna is a consolidatorof trends, we mean she

makes them more popular and well known.

controversy (n) /kntrvsi; kntrvsi/ Madonna is no stranger to controversyand has shocked many people

over the years.

cowgirl (n) /kagl/ A cowgirlis a girl or woman whose job is to look after cows on a ranch.

criticism (n) /krtsz()m/ Criticismis a comment or comments that you think something is

wrong or bad.

to date /t det/ To dateis an expression meaning until now.

death (n) /de/ Belinda thinks that Dianas deathwas a tragic accident.

adottare un bambino

dar fastidio

ascesa

attirare critiche

schiarire

molto intelligente

mettersi sotto (impegnarsi a

fondo)

calmarsicome carriera

celebrit

beneficenza

freddo/a

attaccar bottone con

uno/a che fa tendenza

polemica

mandriana, bovara

critica

fino ad ora

morte


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2

distinctive (adj) /dstktv/ Something that is distinctiveis easy to recognize because it is different

from other things.

dreadful (adj) /dredf()l/ Im sorry were so late the traffic was dreadful.

earth mother (n) / m/ An earth motheris someone who prefers natural methods of living

and likes to look after people.

ever-evolving (adj) /evrvlv/ Something that is ever-evolvingchanges all the time and stays

fashionable.

exceptionally (adv) /ksep()nli/ Madonna is an exceptionallytalented singer.

an existing look /n gzst lk/ Madonna picks up on an existing lookand makes it her own.

explode (v) /kspld/ At midnight, fireworks explodedacross the sky it was spectacular.

be up to your eyes in sth /bi p t jr az n If you are up to your eyes in work, you are extremely busy.

/sm/

fame (n) /fem/ Some people felt Madonna had used her fameto fast-track the

adoption.

feature film (n) /fi flm/ A feature filmis a film that is made for the cinema.

fit in (phr v) /ft n/ Madonna was different and didnt fit inwith the popular group.

geisha (n) /ge/ A geishais a Japanese woman, whose job is to entertain men.genius (n) /inis/ A geniusis someone who is extremely clever or talented.

global (adj) /glb()l/ Something that is globalis well known all over the world.

gracefully (adv) /gresf()li/ If you do something gracefully, you do it in a quiet way without

drawing attention to yourself.

highlight (n) /halat/ Seeing the Great Wall was the highlightof Danas trip to China.

hitchhike (v) /hhak/ Madonna hitchhikedto New York with $35 in her pocket.

hound (v) /hand/ If journalists hounda famous person, they do not leave them alone.

huge (adj) /hju/ Watching the first man land on the Moon made a hugeimpression

on Alec.

icon (n) /akn/ Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.

iconic (adj) /aknk/ How did Madonna achieve her iconicstatus?

the key to sth / ki t sm/ She realised that marketing was the key to her success.

kid (n) /kd/ A kidis an informal word meaning a child.

leotard (n) /litd/ A leotardis a tight piece of clothing that people wear when they

dance or exercise.

lingering (adj) /lgr/ A lingeringkiss is one that lasts for quite a long time.

caratteristico/a

terribile

madre terra

sempre allultima moda

eccezionalmente

un look attuale

scoppiare

averne fin sopra le orecchie

di qualcosa

fama

lungometraggio

legare con

geishagenio

famoso/a in tutto il mondo

con naturalezza

parte migliore

andare in autostop

perseguitare

enorme

icona

di icona

la chiave di qualcosa

bambino

body

lungo/a


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look back (phr v) /lk bk/ She had her first hit with Holidayin 1984 and has never looked back.

mainstream (adj) /menstrim/ Something that is mainstreamis used, liked, or accepted by most people.

make an impression on sb /mek n mpre()n n/ Watching the first man land on the Moon made ahuge impression on

/smbdi/ Alec.

market (v) /mkt/ Madonna is brilliant at marketingher image.

midriff (n) /mdrf/ Your midriffis the front part of your body between your waist and

your chest.

millennium celebrations (n pl) /mlenim The millennium celebrationstook place on 31st December 1999.

selbre()nz/

momentous (adj) /mments/ A momentousevent is extremely important.

moon landing (n) /mun lnd/ The first moon landingwas the occasion on which the first man

walked on the Moon.

motherhood (n) /mhd/ Madonna has three children and enjoys motherhood.

off-the-cuff (adj) /fkf/ An off-the-cuffremark is one that you make without planning it or

thinking about it.

off stage /f ste/ Off stageis an expression for describing what an actor or singer is

really like when they are not performing.on stage /n ste/ Madonna has known controversy both on stageand off stage.

the press (n) / pres/ The pressis an expression meaning newspapers and magazines, or the

people who work for them.

pick up on sth (phr v) /pk p n sm/ If you pick up on something, you notice it and react to it.

pride yourself on sth /prad jself n sm/ Madonna prides herself onher ever-evolving look, style and sound.

proud (adj) /prad/ The fireworks were spectacular I felt proudto be Australian.

the queen of ... / kwin v/ A woman who is known as the queen of an activity is very good at

that activity.

raise money (for sth) /rez mni (f sm) / Princess Diana raised a lot of moneyfor charity.

recall (v) /rkl/ You recallMadonnas career as a series of images.

recording artist (n) /rkd tst/ A recording artistis a professional singer.

register sth (as sth) (v) /rest sm (z In 1979 she registeredMadonna asa trademark.

/sm) /

3

smettere di progredire

tradizionale, mainstream

fare impressione su qc.

vendere

busto, tronco

festeggiamenti per il nuovo

millennio

epocale

allunaggio

maternit

improvvisato/a

privato/a (fuori di scena, gi

dal palco)pubblico/a (sul palco)

stampa

far attenzione a qualcosa

vantarsi di qualcosa

orgoglioso/a

la regina di

raccogliere soldi (per

qualcosa)

ricordare

cantante

registrare


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4

non assomigliare a

famiglia reale

autostima

immagine di se stessi

fare il tutto esaurito

vendere la propria imagine

spettacolare

la copia esatta

ristagnare

notoriet

status

diminimrecrescere

periodo duro

super marchio

tornare con la mente a

tirare la cinghia

marchio commerciale

tragico/a

minimizzazione

patrimonio

mostrare i propri sentimenti

bear no resemblance to sb /be n rzemblns t/ If someone bears no resemblanceto another person, they do not look

smbdi/ like that person at all.

the royal family (n) / rl fm()li/ Belinda doesnt think the royal familyhad anything to do with Dianas

death.

self-esteem (n) (TS) /selfstim/ Clothes that are clean and neat say that you care about yourself and

have good self-esteem.

self-image (n) (TS) /selfm/ CHAPS magazine are doing a survey about mens self-image.

sell out (phr v) /sel at/ If a concert sells out, people buy all the tickets and there are none left.

sell your image /sel jr m/ Shes a talented business woman whos brilliant at selling her image.

spectacular (adj) /spektkjl/ At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular.

the spitting image of sb / spt m v Someone who is the spitting image ofanother person looks exactly

/smbdi/ like them.

stand still /stnd stl/ A situation that stands stillstops developing.

stardom (n) /stdm/ Stardomis the state of being very famous.

status (n) /stets/ Madonna achieved her iconic statusby constantly changing and

staying fashionable.

step down (phr v) /step dan/ I dont want to step down I want to carry on with my career.step up (phr v) /step p/ She is stepping upcareer-wise and has no exit plan.

struggle (n) /strg()l/ A struggleis a difficult period of time during which you have to work

very hard.

super-brand (n) /supbrnd/ The name Madonna is a global super-brand.

think back (on) (phr v) /k bk (n) / Think backonher career its not the songs you remember, its the

images.

tighten yr belt /tat()n j belt/ If you tighten your belt, you spend less money.

trademark (n) /tredmk/ In 1979 she registered Madonna as a trademark.

tragic (adj) /trk/ Dianas death was a tragicaccident.

understatement (n) /ndstetmnt/ An understatementis something that you say that makes something

seem less important than it is.

wealth (n) /wel/ Someoneswealth is the amount of money they have.

wear your heart on your sleeve /we j ht n j sliv/ If you wear your heart on your sleeve, you show your feelings to other

people.


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weird (adj) (TS) /wd/ Something that is weirdis strange in an unexpected or slightly

frightening way.

wind up (phr v) /wand p/ If someone is easy to wind up, it is easy to make them angry or upset.

CLOTHING AND APPEARANCE

bangles (n) /bg()lz/ A bangleis a big circular bracelet that you wear around your wrist.

belt (n) /belt/ A beltis a narrow piece of leather or cloth that you wear around your

waist.

buckle (n) /bk()l/ A buckleis a metal object used for fastening a belt.

button (n) /bt()n/ A buttonis a small round object that you push through a hole to

fasten clothes.

casual (adj) /kul/ Casualclothes are comfortable and suitable for informal situations.

change your style /en j stal/ If you change your style, you change the type of clothes you wear.

collar (n) /kl/ A collaris the part of a shirt or coat that goes around your neck.

cool (adj) /kul/ Clothes that are coolare fashionable and attractive.

cuff (n) /kf/ A cuffis the part of a sleeve that goes around your wrist.

hem (n) /hem/ A hemis the bottom edge of a dress, skirt or coat.image (n) /m/ The genius of Madonna is the way she manages her image.

image-conscious (adj) /mkns/ Someone who is image-consciouscares about their clothes and

appearance.

lacy gloves (n pl) /lesi glvz/ Lacy glovesare made of fine material and have small holes in them.

professional (adj) /prfe()nl/ Someone who looks professionalwears smart clothes that are suitable

for work.

satin (n) /stn/ Satinis a smooth, shiny expensive material.

sleeves (n pl) /slivz/ The sleevesare the part of a piece of clothing that covers your arms.

sporty (adj) /spti/ Sportyclothes are designed for doing sport or for informal occasions.

trendy (adj) /trendi/ Someone who is trendywears fashionable and attractive clothes.

zip (n) /zp/ A zipis a long piece of metal or plastic used for opening or closing a

piece of clothing.

COLLOCATIONS

designer/old-fashioned/scruffy /dzan/ldf()nd/ Designer clothesare expensive and fashionable;

clothes /skrfi klz/ old-fashioned clothesare not modern; scruffy clothesare untidy or

dirty.

5

bizzarro/a

irritare

braccialetto

cintura

fibbia

bottone

casual, informale

cambiare look

colletto

fico/a

polsino

orloimmagine

attento/a alla propria

immagine

guanti di pizzo

professionale

raso

maniche

sportivo/a

alla moda

cerniera

abiti firmati/ antiquati/ sciatti


8/79

bright/close-set/staring eyes /brat/klsset/ster Bright eyeslook lively and intelligent; close set eyes are very near each

/az/ other; staring eyesseem to look at you in a very fixed way.

expressive/impassive/round face /kspresv/mpsv/ An expressive faceshows what you are feeling; an impassive facedoes

rand fes/ not show what you are feeling; a round face has the shape of a circle.

sleek/spiky/tousled hair /slik/spaki/taz()ld he/ Sleek hairis smooth and shiny; spiky hairsticks up; tousled hair looks

untidy.

firm/hearty/limp handshake /fm/hti/lmp hndek/ A firmor hearty handshakefeels strong; a limp handshakefeels weak.

abrasive/charming/mild manner /bresv/m/mald An abrasive mannerseems rude; a charming manneris friendly and

mn/ pleasant; a mild manneris kind and gentle.

fake/forced/warm smile /fek/fst/wm smal/ A fakeor forced smileis not natural or genuine; a warm smileis kind

and friendly.

deep/husky/shrill voice /dip/hski/rl vs/ A deepor husky voiceis low; a shrill voiceis high and unpleasant.

WORD FORMATION

rearrange (v) /riren/ If you rearrangepeople or things, you put them in a different place.rebuild (v) /ribld/ If you rebuildsomething, you build it again after it has been damaged

or destroyed.

reconsider (v) /riknsd/ If you reconsidera decision, you think about it again in order to

decide whether you should change it.

reconstruct (v) /riknstrkt/ If you reconstructsomething, you build it again.

rediscover (v) /ridskv/ If you rediscoversomething, you discover it again.

redo (v) /ridu / If you redosomething, you do it again in a different way in order to

improve it.

redraft (v) /ridrft/ If you redraftsomething, you write it again in order to make changes

to it.

re-examine (v) /rigzmn/ If you re-examinesomething, you look at or think about it carefully

again.

reinvent (v) /rinvent/ If you reinventsomething, you change something that already exists

and give it a different purpose.

reinvention (n) /rinven()n/ Madonna is known as the queen of reinvention!

relocate (v) /rilket/ If you relocate, you move to a different place.

6

occhi lucenti/vicini/sguardo

fisso

volto espressivo/impassibile/

viso rotondo

capelli setosi/ setolosi/

arruffati

stretta di mano ferma/

cordiale/debole

modi bruschi/affascinanti/

gentili

sorriso falso/forzato/

smagliante

voce profonda/roca/acuta

risistemarericostruire

riconsiderare

ricostruire

riscoprire

rifare

fare una nuova bozza

riesaminare

reinventare

reinvenzione, riciclaggio

trasferirsi


9/79

remake (v) /rimek/ If you remakesomething, you make it again in a different way.

reorganise (v) /rignaz/ If you reorganisesomething, you organise something in a different way.

repackage (v) /ripk/ If you repackagesomething, you present it in a different way to make

it look more attractive.

reschedule (v) /riedjul/ If you reschedulesomething, you, you change the time when it was

planned to happen.

rethink (v) /rik/ If you rethinksomething, you think about it again in order to improve it.

reunite (v) /rijunat/ If you reunitepeople, you bring them together again.

reword (v) /riwd/ If you rewordsomething, you express it using different words.

rewrite (v) /rirat/ If you rewritesomething, you write it using different words in order to

improve it.

Unit 2 (page 14)

academic qualifications (n pl) /kdemk/ Your academic qualificationsare the exams you have passed at school,/kwlfke()nz/ college or university.

act (n) /kt/ Anact is a short performance of singing, dancing etc.

adolescence (n) /dles()ns/ Adolescenceis the period of time when you are a teenager.

adulthood (n) /dlthd; dlthd/ Adulthoodis the period of life when you are an adult.

all-in-one (adj) /lnwn/ An all-in-one pieceof clothing is made up of separate parts that look

like one part.

aptitude (n) /pttjud/ If you have an aptitudefor something, you are good at it.

backroad (n) /bkrd/ The backroadsare small, quiet roads with less traffic.

ball girl (n) /bl gl/ A ball girlis a girl whose job is to throw a ball back to a player during

a match.

bus pass (n) /bs ps/ A bus passis a special ticket that allows older people to travel by buswithout paying.

childhood (n) /aldhd/ Childhoodis the period of time when you are a child.

clown around (phr v) /klan rand/ If you clown around, you act in a silly or stupid way.

comically (adv) /kmk()li/ Comicallyis an adverb that means in a way that seems amusing.

7

rifare

riorganizzare

riconfezionare

spostare (la data o lora di

q.csa)

ripensare

riunire

riformulare

riscrivere

qualifiche accademiche

numero

adolescenza

et adulta

coordinato

attitudine

strada secondaria

raccattapalle

biglietto gratuito perlautobus

infanzia

fare il pagliaccio

comicamente


10/79

compensate (v) /kmpnset/ If something compensatesfor something else, it makes it seem less bad.

cosmetic surgery (n) /kzmetk sri/ Cosmetic surgeryis a medical operation to improve someones

appearance.

cuddle (v) /kd()l/ If you cuddlesomeone, you put your arms around them to show that

you love them.

do sb a favour /du smbdi fev/ If you do someone a favour, you do something in order to help them.

dote on sb (phr v) /dt n smbdi/ If you dote on someone, you love them very much.

dread (v) /dred/ If you dreadsomething, you are very frightened that it might happen.

drop (v) (TS) /drp/ As soon as we told Sarah we liked Jeremy, she droppedhim.

dull (adj) /dl/ Dullis an adjective that means boring.

to good/excellent etc effect /t gd/ekslnt fekt/ If you use something to good effect, you use it in a way that impresses

people.

sbs elders (n pl) /smbdiz eldz/ Your eldersare people who are older than you.

exchange (=a person) (n) /ksen/ When she was 15, Viv went to stay with her German exchange, Frauke

Schoon.

(school) exchange (n) / (skul) ksen/ Have you ever done a school exchange?

exoticism (n) /gztszm/ Viv loved the exoticismof new friends such as Axelle and Amalia.

extended family (n) /kstendd fm()li/ An extended familyis a large family group that includes grandparents,

aunts, uncles, cousins etc.

fake ID (n) /fek adi / Fake IDis an identity card that has been made to look real in order to

trick people.

family background (n) /fm()li bkgrand/ Your family backgroundis the type of family that you come from.

faultline (n) /fltlan/ Faultlinesare small problems that develop.

fluency (n) /flunsi/ Fluencyin a language is the ability to speak it well.

fool around (phr v) /ful rand/ If you fool around, you act in a silly or stupid way.

see the funny side of sth /si fni sad v/ If you see the funny side of something, you see thesm/ amusing part of a difficult or embarrassing situation.

get to hear about sth /get t hr bat/sm/ All Alexs friends got to hear aboutthe fact that his father was a clown.

grow apart (phr v) /gr pt/ Viv and Axelle grew apartand eventually lost touch.

have a wild side /hv wald sad/ Amalia was quiet but had asecret wild side.

hip (adj) /hp/ Someone who is hipis cool and trendy.

8

compensare

chirurgia estetica

abbracciare, stringere

fare un favore a q.cno

stravedere per q.cno

avere il terrore di

lasciare

noioso/a

bene, in modo eccellente

maggiore, pi grande,

anziano, antenato

parter di scambio

scambio scolastico conlestero

esotismo

famiglia allargata

carta didentit falsa

retroterra familiare

incrinature

scioltezza

fare il buffone

vedere il lato divertente diq.csa

venire a sapere q.csa

distanziarsi gradualmente

avere un lato selvaggio

fico/a


11/79

host family (n) /hst fm()li/ Your host familyis the family that welcomes you into their home.

humiliation (n) /hjumlien/ Humiliationis the state of feeling embarrassed and ashamed.

immersion (n) /m()n/ Immersionis a way of learning another language in which you only

use the foreign language in class.

infancy (n) /nfnsi/ Infancyis the period of time when you are a baby or very young child.

be on its last legs /bi n ts lst legz/ If something is on its last legs, it is very old and no longer very useful.

sbs loved ones (n pl) /smbdiz lvd wnz/ Your loved onesare the people you love, especially members of your

family.

(club) mascot (n) / (klb) mskt/ Kayleighs mum is club mascotfor Cardiff City and wears a bird

costume at matches.

middle age (n) /md()l e/ Middle ageis the period of time when you are no longer young, but

are not yet old.

music decks (n pl) (TS) /mjuzk deks/ Its easy for Andy, as a DJ, to hide behind his music decksat work.

nappy (n) /npi/ A nappyis a thick piece of cloth that a baby wears between its legs

before it has learned to use the toilet.

nickname (v) /nknem/ Alexs friends nicknamedhim Corky Junior.

nightlife (n) /natlaf/ Nightlifeis entertainment available in the evenings in clubs, bars,restaurants etc.

object (v) /bekt/ If you objectto something, you do not like it or approve of it.

old age (n) /ld e/ Old ageis the period of someones life when they are old.

outrageous (adj) /atres/ Something that is outrageousis slightly shocking.

perform (v) /pfm/ Ginas mum dresses up as Cher and performsat clubs.

poster-girl (n) /pst gl/ A poster-girlis a girl or woman who is a good advertisement for

something.

prospect (n) /prspekt/ If you have good job prospects, you are likely to get a good job and

earn a lot of money.

rusty (adj) /rsti/ If your knowledge of a language is rusty, you have forgotten a lot of

what you have learnt.see-through (adj) /siru / See-throughis an adjective that means transparent.

sink or swim /sk swm/ If you are in a situation where you must sink or swim, you must deal

with problems on your own if you want to succeed.

sour (v) /sa/ If a relationship between two people sours, the people stop liking

each other.

9

famiglia che d ospitalit

umiliazione

immersione

prima infanzia

essere malconcio

cari

mascotte di unassociazione

mezza et

impianto stereo

pannolino

nomignolo

vita notturna

opporsi

vecchiaia

scandaloso/a, atroce

esibirsi

ragazza da pubblicit

prospettiva

arrugginito/a

trasparente

affogare o nuotare

inaridire


12/79

cant stand (doing) sth /knt stnd du/sm/ Gina is shy and cant stand beingthe centre of of attention.

stay in shape /ste n ep/ If you stay in shape, you stay fit and healthy.

sticky (adj) /stki/ Stickyobjects are covered with a substance that sticks to things.

study trip (n) /stdi trp/ A study tripis a period of time that you spend away from home in

order to study or learn something.

table manners (n pl) /teb()l mnz/ Your table mannersare the way you behave when you are at a table

eating food.

ultimate (adj) /ltmt/ When Viv says she is the ultimateposter-girl for school exchanges, she

means she is a perfect example of someone who enjoys them.

underneath (adv) /ndni/ She wears a bird costume, but everyone knows its Mum underneath.

urban (adj) /bn/ Someone who isurban is used to life in cities.

want the ground to open up /wnt grand tu / If you want the ground to open up, you feel extremely embarrassed.

/pn p/

wiggly (adj) /wgli/ A wigglymoustache is not straight and you can move it around.

witness (n) /wtns/ A witnessat a wedding is someone who also signs the official

document that the married couple sign.

SAYINGS

Birds of a feather flock /bdz v fe flk Birds of a feather flock togethermeans that people of a similar type

together. tge/ spend time together.

Blood is thicker than water. /bld z k n wt/ Blood is thicker than watermeans that family relationships are the

most important.

Charity begins at home. /rti bgnz t hm/ Charity begins at homemeans that you should look after your family

and friends first.

Home is where the heart is. /hm z we ht z/ Home is where the heart ismeans that your home is wherever your

loved ones are.

One good turn deserves /wn gd tn dzvz One good turn deserves anothermeans that if someone is kind andanother. n/ helpful to you, you should also be kind and helpful to them.

Twos company. Threes a crowd. /tuz kmp()ni riz Twos company. Threes a crowdmeans that two people can be happy

krad/ together, but a third person causes problems.

10

non sopportare di fare/essere

qualcosa

essere in forma

appiccicoso/a

viaggio di studio

modi a tavola

migliore

sotto

cittadino/a

desiderare di sprofondare

nel terreno

fluente

testimone

Dio li fa e poi li accoppia

il sangue non acqua

la carit inizia a casa

la casa dov il cuore

un buon servizio ne merita

un altro

in due compagnia, in tr

folla


13/79

SHOWING SOMEONE AROUND YOUR HOME

Welcome to our home! /welkm tu hm/ Hello Marie. Welcome to our home!

Did you have a pleasant /dd ju hv plez()nt Did you have a pleasant journey? Yes, but Im feeling a bit tired

journey? ni/ now.

Let me introduce you to let mi ntrdjus ju tu Let me introduce you tothe rest of the family.

Then Ill show you around. /en al ju rand/ Ill introduce you to the rest of the family, then Ill show you around.

You must call me /ju mst kl mi / You must call meJill.

Help yourself to /help jself tu / Help yourself totea and coffee.

Make yourself at home. /mek jself t hm/ If you make yourself at homesomewhere, you feel relaxed and

comfortable.

If theres anything you need /f ez n j nid/ If theres anything you need, just give me a shout.

Give me a shout. /gv mi at/ Give me a shoutif theres anything you need.

SOCIAL REGISTER

InformalHiya! /haj/ Hiya! The doors open.

The doors open. / dz pn/ The doors open. Come in.

Cheers thats great! /z ts gret/ I remembered to bring you that CD. Cheers, thats great!

Hows it going? /haz t g/ Hows it going? All right, but Im shattered.

chill out (phr v) /l at/ I just want to chill outthis evening and watch TV.

Do you want to ? /du j wnt tu / Do you want towatch a DVD?

Whatever. /wtev/ Do you want to watch TV or shall I get a DVD? Whatever.

No idea. /n ad/ Whats on TV? No idea rubbish as usual, I expect.

Formal

Welcome! /welkm/ Welcome! Do come in!

Do come in! /du km n/ Welcome! Do come in!

Thats very kind of you! /ts veri kand v ju / Thank you, thats very kind of you!

relax /rlks/ You must sit down and relax.

Would you prefer ? /wd j prf / Would you prefertea or coffee?

11

Benvenuto, fa come fossi a

casa tua!

Hai fatto buon viaggio?

Lascia che ti presenti

Poi ti mostro i dintorni

Chiamami

Serviti

Fai come a casa tua.

Se ti serve qualcosa

Fammi un fischio

(chiamamia)

Ehil! Ciao!

La porta aperta.

Bene, grandioso!

Come va?

rilassarsi

Vuoi?

Fa lo stesso.

Non ne ho idea.

Benvenuto/a!

Entra!

Davvero gentile da parte tua!

Mettersi a proprio agio

Preferisci


14/79

I dont mind. /a dnt mand/ Would you prefer tea or coffee? I dont mind.

Im afraid I dont know. /am fred a dnt n/ How many miles is it exactly? Im afraid I dont know.

Unit 3 (page 24)

adventurer (n) /dvenr/ An adventureris someone who will take a risk in order to make money.

antique (n) (TS) /ntik/ An antiqueis an object that is old and valuable.

appear in court /pr n kt/ If someone appears in court, they go to a court of law so that people

can ask you questions about something illegal they think you have done.

band together (phr v) /bnd tge/ If people band together, they work together in order to achieve

something.

breathtaking (adj) /bretek/ Something that is breathtakingis very is extremely impressive or

beautiful.

capitalise on sth /kptlaz n sm/ If you capitalise onsomething, you use it to get an advantage for

yourself.be charged with sth /bi d w/ Someone who is charged witha crime is officially accused of it.

collapse (v) /klps/ If something collapses, it fails completely.

community service (n) /kmjunti svs/ Community serviceis work that someone does as a punishment

instead of going to prison.

concern (n) /knsn/ Concernis a feeling of worry or sympathy for someone who is in a bad

situation.

con-man (n) /knmn/ A con-manis a criminal who tricks other people in order to get their

money.

corner the market (TS) /kn mkt/ If you corner the market, you get complete control of an area of

business.

cornice (n) (TS) /kns/ A corniceis an overhanging area of snow on the edge of a mountain.

crops (n pl) /krps/ Cropsare plants that farmers grow to produce food.

cynic (n) /snk/ A cynicis a person who thinks that people are not sincere or honest.

declare (v) /dkle/ If you declaresomething, you say officially that it is true.

discovery (n) /dskv()ri/ The discoveryof gold attracted thousands of people to California.

12

Quel che c va bene.

Mi spiace, non lo so.

avventuriero

pezzo dantiquariato

presentarsi in tribunale

associarsi

mozzafiato

giovarsi di

imputato/a di

collassare

lavori di pubblica utilit

preoccupazione, interesse

truffatore

monopolizzare il mercato

nevaio

raccolto

cinico

dichiarare

scoperta


15/79

disillusion (n) /dslu()n/ Disillusionis a feeling of great disappointment when something is not

as good as you thought.

disillusioned (adj) /dslu()nd/ John Sutter eventually left California feeling disillusioned.

easterner (n) /istn/ Easternersare people who live in the east of a country or state.

eastward (adv) /istwd/ If you travel eastward, you travel in a direction towards the east.

entrepreneur (n) /ntrprn/ An entrepreneuris someone who uses money to start a business.

epic (adj) /epk/ An epicjourney is very long and exciting.

epidemic (n) /epdemk/ An epidemicis a situation in which a feeling spreads very quickly.

follow sbs tracks (TS) /fl smbdz trks/ If you follow someones tracks, you follow where they are walking or

moving.

foolishness (n) /fulns/ Foolishnessis a word that means the same as stupidity.

fort (n) /ft/ A fortis a strong building that is used to defend a place.

a gap in the market / gp n mkt/ A gap in the marketis an opportunity to sell something that is not

available but that people would like to have.

glint (n) /glnt/ Aglintof something is a quick flash of light from something that is shiny.

go through with sth (phr v) /g ru w sm/ If you go through with something, you succeed in doing something

difficult.gold (n) /gld/ In 1848 goldwas discovered in California.

gold fever (n) /gld fiv/ Gold feverwas the wish to find gold that a lot of people felt in the

19thcentury.

gold rush (n) /gld r/ The gold rushwas the period in the 19thcentury when a lot of people

went to a place where gold had been discovered.

gold strike (n) /gld strak/ A gold strikeis the act of discovering that gold exists in a place.

GPS (Global Positioning System) /ipies/ GPSis a system you install in your car that tells you where you are and

(n) (TS) gives you directions.

hammock (n) /hmk/ A hammockis a bed consisting of a piece of cloth tied to a tree.

a handful (of) / hndfl (v) / A handful ofpeople or things is a very small number of them.hand-painted (adj) (TS) /hndpentd/ Eric bought some beautiful hand-paintedtoy soldiers.

a hard turn (n) (TS) / hd tn/ A hard turnis a sudden movement you make to the right or left.

a head of (cattle) / hed v kt()l/ A head is an expression used as a way of counting farm animals.

hot up (phr v) /ht p/ When an activity hots up, it becomes much more popular.

immigrant (n) /mgrnt/ Sutter was a Swiss immigrantwho came to California in 1848.

13

disillusione

deluso/a

orientale

verso est

imprenditore

epico/a

epidemia

seguire le tracce di qualcuno

stupidit

fortezza

una micchia mercato

scintilla

venire a capo di qualcosa

oro

febbre delloro

corsa alloro

scoperta delloro

GPS (Global Positioning

System)

amaca

manciata

dipinto a mano

scarto

un capo di (bestiame)

espandersi

immigrato/a


16/79

be intent on /bi ntent n/ Sutter was intent onbuilding his own private empire.

joint (adj) /nt/ Ajointcompany is owned by more than one person.

keenly understand sth /kinli ndstnd sm/ If you keenly understanda situation, you have thought about it and

understand it well.

kingdom (n) /kdm/ A kingdomis an area or activity that someone controls.

lead to sbs downfall (TS) /lid t smbdz/ /danfl/ Alcoholism led to his downfalland Californias first millionaire died an

unnoticed death.

life-affirming (adj) /laffm/ Something that is life-affirmingmakes you feel happier or more

positive about life.

lifetime (n) /laftam/ The adventurers were willing to spend a difficult year in return for a

lifetimeof riches.

madness (n) /mdns/ If people think that something is madness, they think it is extremely

stupid.

mid-life crisis (n) /mdlaf krass/ A mid-life crisisis when people who are middle-aged feel very anxious

about their life.

mortgage (v) /mg/ People mortgagedtheir farms in order to travel to California.

newcomer (n) /njukm/ Sutter welcomed the newcomersas subjects for his new kingdom.opportunist (n) /ptjunst/ An opportunistis someone who always tries to get an advantage for

themselves.

outpost (n) /atpst/ An outpostis a place that is far away from other places.

pan (n) /pn/ A panis a large, flat bowl used for collecting gold.

pick (n) /pk/ A pickis a tool used for breaking hard surfaces.

private empire (n) /pravt empa/ Someones private empireis a business that they own.

prosecute (v) /prskjut/ If you prosecutesomeone, you officially accuse them of a crime.

be registered in sbs name /bi restd n/ Christopher sold the car although it was registered in his mothers

smbdz nem/ name.

resident (n) /rezd()nt/ Residentsare the people who live in a particular place.

risk-taker (n) /rsktek/ A risk-takeris someone who is not afraid of taking risks to get whatthey want.

at the root of sth /t rut v sm/ If something is at the root ofa problem or situation, it is the thing

that has caused it.

rug (n) /rg/ A rugis a very small carpet that you put on a floor.

ruined (adj) /rund/ In 1850 Sutter had lost all his wealth and was a ruinedman.

14

essere intento a

di gruppo

capire perfettamente

regno

portare alla rovina di q.cno

propositivo/a

vita

pazzia

crisi di mezza et

ipotecare

nuovo arrivatoopportunista

avamposto

setaccio

piccone

impero privato

far causa a q.cno

essere intestato a q.cno

residente

uno che ama rischiare

alla radice di q.csa

tappetino

rovinato/a


17/79

satellite navigation (n) (TS) /stlat nvge()n/ Satellite navigationis a system that tells you where you are and gives

you directions.

sawmill (n) /sml/ A sawmillis a building where wood is cut into pieces using a machine.

scheme (n) /skim/ A schemeis a plan that you make in order to get something.

shovel (n) /v()l/ A shovelis a tool that is used for lifting and moving earth or snow.

spa (n) /sp / A spais a type of bath filled with water that you put your feet into in

order to relax.

special delivery (n) /spe()l dlv()ri/ A special deliveryis a parcel that is delivered by a fast postal service.

spotlight (n) /sptlat/ If you are in the spotlight, everyone is looking at you or is interested

in you.

start afresh /stt fre/ Ian Usher has sold his life because he wants to start afresh.

starving (adj) /stv/ I havent eaten since this morning Im starving.

statement (n) /stetmnt/ A statementis something that you say or write publicly.

stock company (n) /stk kmp()ni/ A stock companyis one that is owned by several people.

subject (n) /sbekt/ A subjectis a person who works for someone who is very powerful.

supply and demand (n) /spla n dmnd/ The laws of supply and demandrelate to the amount of a product

that is available and how many people want to buy it.support a charity /spt rti/ If you support a charity, you give money to it.

sweep sb up (phr v) (TS) /swip smbdi p/ If water or snow sweeps someone up, it moves over them quickly.

Swiss (adj) /sws/ Someone who is Swissis from Switzerland.

tear down (phr v) /te dan/ If you tear downa building, you destroy it.

telegraph (v) /telgrf/ News of the discovery of gold was telegraphedto every village and

town.

thump (v) /mp/ If your heart thumps, it beats very fast.

trample (v) /trmp()l/ If people tramplesomething, they destroy it by walking all over it.

traverse (v) (TS) /trvs/ If you traversean area, you move over or across it.

trickle (v) /trk()l/ By the mid-1840s more and more Americans were tricklinginto California.undertake (v) /ndtek/ Other people have undertakensimilar schemes to Ian Usher and profited.

vigorous (adj) /vg()rs/ If you do vigorousexercise, you exercise very hard.

vision (n) /v()n/ Sutter had a visionof building his own private empire.

visionary (n) /vn()ri/ Someone who is a visionaryhas a clear idea of how things should be

done.

15

navigatore satellitare

segheria

piano

pala

pediluvio

consegna speciale

centro dellattenzione

ricominciare da capo

affamatissimo

dichiarazione

stock company

suddito

domanda e offerta

sostenere um istituto di

beneficenza

travolgere

svizzero/a

tirar gi

telegrafare

battere

calpestare

attraversare

migrare poco per voltaintraprendere

energico/a

visione

idealista


18/79

wagon (n) /wgn/ A wagonis an old-fashioned vehicle pulled by horses.

be in the way /bi n we/ If you are in the way, you are stopping people from doing what they

want to do.

wealthy (adj) /weli/ Wealthyis a word meaning the same as rich.

whisper (n) /wsp/ Whispersof a gold strike drifted eastward across the country.

Why on earth? /wa n / Why on earth? is an expression that is used to emphasize the

question word Why?without sbs knowledge /wat smbdz/ nl/ Without his mothers knowledge, Christopher sold her car.

COLLOCATIONS

have

have a chat /hv t/ If you have a chatwith someone, you talk to them for a short time.

have difficulty /hv dfk()lti/ We had difficultyfinding somewhere to park.

have a duty /hv djuti/ We all have a dutyto help each other.

have a go /hv g/ If you have a goat something, you try to do it.

have a guess /hv ges/ How many people live in the UK? I dont know. Have a guess.have a laugh /hv lf/ I like meeting friends and having a laugh.

have a look /hv lk/ Can I have a lookat your new iPod?

have a right /hv rat/ People over 18 have the rightto vote.

have a think /hv k/ Well have a thinkand let you know what we decide.

have a word /hv wd/ Can I have aquick wordwith you, please?

make

make a fortune /mek fun/ Top football players can make a fortune.

make a fuss /mek fs/ If you make a fussabout something, you get too worried or excited

about it.

make a living /mek lv/ It can be hard to make a livingas an actor.make a loss /mek ls/ Banks have madehuge lossesin recent months.

make a mess /mek mes/ I always make a messwhen I cook.

make money /mek mni/ Businessmen such as Bill Gates and Richard Branson have madea lot of

money.

make a profit /mek prft/ If you make a profit, you sell something for more money than it cost

to buy.

16

carrozza

essere tra i piedi

facoltoso/a

diceria, bisbiglio

Perch mai?

senza che q.cno lo sappia

chiacchierare

avere problemi

avere il dovere di

provare

indovinare, ipotizzarefarsi quattro risate

dare unocchiata

avere il diritto di

pensarci su

dire una parola

fare una fortuna

agitarsi

mantenersi

perdere

fare un disastro

far soldi

fare un affare


19/79

make sense /mek sens/ I dont understand my dreams. They never make sense.

make a start /mek stt/ Weve a lot of work to do we'd better make a start.

take

take action /tek k()n/ Theres a time for talking and a time for taking action.

take advice /tek dvas/ If you take advice, you ask someone for their opinion about the best

thing to do.

take a deep breath /tek dip bre/ Take a deep breathand calm down.

take an exam /tek n gzm/ Shes takingher piano examtomorrow.

take notes /tek nts/ Students listened to the teacher and took notes.

take office /tek fs/ President Barack Obama took officein January 2009.

take place /tek ples/ The 2012 Olympics take placein London.

take responsibility /tek rspnsblti/ Shes 16 and old enough to take responsibilityfor herself.

take a risk /tek rsk/ You sometimes have to take risksto succeed.

take sugar /tek g/ Do you take sugarin coffee?

METAPHORS

Time = Money

be running out of time /bi rn at v tam/ Hurry up! Were running out of time.

spare (sb) a couple of minutes /spe (smbdi) We need to talk. Can you spare a couple of minutes?

/kp()l v mnts/

sbs time is precious /smbdiz tam z pres/ If someones time is precious, they are busy and do not have a lot of time.

use your time profitably /juz j tam prftbli/ You should use your timemore profitablyand get a proper job.

waste your time /west j tam/ Youre wasting your timeif you think you can make money out of the

Internet.

be worth sbs while /bi w smbdiz wal/ Just five minutes of your time I promise it will be worth your while!

Ideas = Food

chew sth over /u sm v/ Martha had been chewing overthe idea for the past few weeks.

digest information /daest nfme()n/ I need time to digestall this information.

17

avere un senso

incominciare

agire

chiedere consiglio

fare un profondo respiro

fare un esame

prendere appunti

prendere servizio

aver luogo

prendersi la responsabilit di

assumersi un rischio

zuccherare

essere in ritardo

trovare un attimo

il tempo (di qualcuno)

prezioso

mettere a profitto il tempo

sprecare il tempo

essere tempo ben speso

rimuginare

digerire delle informazioni


20/79

food for thought /fud f t/ Thats interesting. Theres certainly food for thoughthere.

be a half-baked idea /bi hf bekt ad/ A half-baked ideais one that you have not thought about properly.

MONEY

afford (v) /fd/ If you can affordsomething, you have enough money to buy it.

be a bargain (TS) /bi bgn/ If something is a bargainit costs much less than normal.blow it on sth /bl t n sm/ He didnt save the money instead he blew itall ona new music system.

breadwinner (n) /bredwn/ A breadwinneris the person who earns the money to support a family.

broke (adj) /brk/ If you are broke, you have spent all your money.

budget (n) /bt/ A budgetis an amount of money that you an afford to spend on

something.

cheap and cheerful (TS) /ip n f()l/ Something that is cheap and cheerfuldoes not cost a lot of money but

is suitable for a particular purpose.

earn a living /n lv/ Do you agree that its a mans job to earn a living? Theres no such

Theres no such thing as a free /ez n s z thing as a free lunchmeans that you cannot get something goodlunch. /fri ln/ without paying for it.

hard-up (adj) /hdp/ Someone who is hard-updoes not have a lot of money.

inherit (v) /nhert/ He told his girlfriend he had inheritedthe money from his grandfather,

who had died.

invest (v) /nvest/ If you investmoney, you use it in order to make more money.

loaded (adj) /ldd/ Loadedis an informal word meaning extremely rich.

The love of money is the / lv v mni z The love of money is the root of all evil means that money makes

root of of all evil. rut v l iv()l/ people do bad things to other people.

be made of money /bi med v mni/ No, I cant afford to buy you a new car Im not made of money, you

know!

Money makes the world. /mni meks wld Money makes the world go roundmeans that it is peoples desire togo round g rand/ make money that makes them do things.

overdraft (n) /vdrft/ If you pay off an overdraft, you pay the bank money that you owe to it.

get sth for peanuts /get sm f pints/ Computers are much cheaper nowadays you can get them for peanuts.

In for a penny, in for a pound. /n fr peni n fr In for a penny, in for a poundmeans that you intend to finish

pand/ something you have started doing.

18

cibo per la mente

mezza idea

permettersi

essere un affare

scialacquare

chi lavora per mantenere

tutta la famiglia

al verde

budget

economic e bello/a

guadagnarsi da vivere

Tutlo si paga

squattrinato/a

ereditare

investire

ricco sfondato

Lamore per il denaro la

radice di ogni male

navigare nelloro

I soldi fanno girare ilmondo/a.

scoperto (bancario)

comprare a poco prezzo

Quando inizi una cosa la devi

finire


21/79

pricey (adj) (TS) /prasi/ Priceyis a word that means expensive.

push the boat out /p bt at/ If you push the boat out, you decide to spend a lot of money on

something.

Put your money where your /pt j mni we j If you put your money where your mouth is, you give money to

mouth is. ma z/ someone or something to show that you mean what you say.

save it for a rainy day /sev t fr reni de/ If you save money for a rainy day, you save it for a time when you

need it.

splash out (on) (phr v) /spl at (n) / He splashed out onan extravagant champagne holiday for himself and

his girlfriend.

stretch to sth (phr v) /stre t sm/ How much can you afford to spend? I could stretch toabout 10,000.

a sum of money / sm v mni/ Christopher said he had inherited a sum of moneyfrom his grandfather.

tax (v) /tks/ The government taxescigarettes and alcohol heavily.

Watch the pennies, and the /w penz n Watch the pennies and the pounds take care of themselvesmeans

pounds take care of pandz tek ke v that if you save small amounts of money, you will eventually have a

themselves. mselvz/ large amount.

be worth 100/$250 etc /bi w hndrd Win a holiday worth 6,000!

pandz/tu hndrd n ffti dlz/

Review A (page 34)

advisor /dvaz/ Louise wanted to save the bookshop and asked a business advisor

for help.

delighted /dlatd/ The bookshop is making a fortune and Louise is delighted.

fed-up /fedp/ If you feel fed-up, you feel bored and annoyed or sad.

get sth noticed /get sm ntst/ In order to get the shop noticed, she painted it bright red.get rid of sth /get rd v sm/ I decided to get rid ofthe old car and buy a new one.

give up /gv p/ If you give up, you stop doing something.

pay sb back /pe smbdi bk/ I dont mind lending you the money, but I expect you to pay me back

soon.

19

costoso/a

investire molto

Dimostrare qualcosa coi fatti.

Risparmiare per quand ce

ne sar o nonspendere una follia

arrivare a

una somma di denaro

tassare

Se risparmi i penny i pounds

si prenderanno cura di s.

avere un valore di

consulente

entusiasta

scocciato/a

far notare

sbarazzarsi di

piantarla

ripagare, rimborsare


22/79

have a row (with sb) /hv ra (w smbdi)/ We had a rowand now were not speaking.

run a business /rn bzns/ Louise runs her own business a bookshop.

Unit 4 (page 36)

achievement (n) /ivmnt/ Getting to the Pole was a tremendous achievementfor Ben.

aim (v) /em/ Claire is aimingto raise money for a breast cancer charity.

ammunition (n) /mjn()n/ Ammunitionis bullets that can be fired from a gun.

the Antarctic (n) /i ntktk/ The Antarcticis the extremely cold region in the most southern part of

the world.

the Arctic (n) /i ktk/ The Arcticis the extremely cold region in the most northern part of

the world.

bear drill (n) /be drl/ A bear drillis a series of actions that you must do to avoid being

attacked by a bear.

bloke (n) /blk/ Blokeis an informal word meaning a man.blood sugar level (n) /bld g lev()l/ Its important to maintain blood sugar levelsfor energy.

bother (n) /b/ Botheris an informal word meaning problems or difficulties.

bra (n) /br / A brais a piece of underwear that supports a womans breasts.

carbohydrates (carbs) (n pl) /kbhadrets/ Carbohydratesor carbsare substances in foods such as bread and

potatoes.

cardio (n) /kdi/ A cardiois an exercise to make the heart stronger.

carnivore (n) /knv/ Carnivoresare animals who eat meat.

cartridge (n) (TS) /ktr/ Pen reloaded the gun again with a fifth and sixth cartridge.

cause (n) /kz/ Completing the MoonWalk means I will have contributed money to a

good cause.

challenge (n) /ln/ Doing a walk for charity and giving up smoking are different types ofchallenge.

clear sbs head /kl smbdiz hed/ If something clears your head, it helps you to think more clearly.

comfort (v) /kmft/ If you comfortsomeone, you make them feel better.

crucial (adj) /kru()l/ Carbohydrates are crucialfor energy levels.

look like death warmed up /lk lak de wmd p/ Someone who looks like death warmedup looks extremely ill.

20

litigare

aprire unattivit

impresa

progettare

munizione

Antartide

Artico

piano anti orso

tipo, tizioglicemia

guaio

reggiseno

carboidrati

esercizio cardiostimolante

carnivoro

cartuccia

causa, fine

sfida

chiarire le idee a q.cno

consolare

decisivo/a

sembra uno zombie


23/79

to sbs delight /t smbdiz dlat/ To my delight, the twenty cigarettes were intact!

dial (v) /dal/ I should dialShubentsov whenever I feel the urge to smoke.

drag (v) /drg/ If you dragsomething heavy, you pull it with difficulty.

endeavour (n) /endev/ Do you think that the achievements and endeavoursof explorers have

significance for the rest of us?

energy bar (n) /eni b / An energy baris a small piece of cake or biscuit that you eat to give

you energy.

environmental scientist (n) /nvarnment()l An environmental scientistspecialises in studying the environment.

santst/

expedition (n) /ekspd()n/ Ben went on an expeditionto the North Pole.

explorer (n) /ksplr/ Richard Branson, Ellen McArthur and Ben Saunders are all explorers.

fingertip (n) /fgtp/ Your fingertipsare the parts right at the end of your fingers.

finishing line (n) /fn lan/ The finishing lineis a line on a track that marks the end of a race.

fire (v) /fa/ Fireis an informal word meaning to make someone leave their job.

focus (n) /fks/ Focusis the effort and concentration that you give to something.

frostbite (n) /frstbat/ Walking through snow and ice can give you frostbite.

fundamentally (adv) /fndment()li/ Fundamentallymeans the same as basically.gear (n) /g/ Running gearis the type of clothes you wear for running.

healing energy (n) /hil eni/ Healing energyis energy that helps to cure people.

health freak (n) /hel frik/ A health freakis someone who is obsessed with keeping fit.

hibernate (v) /habnet/ Do polar bears hibernatein winter?

hooked (adj) /hkt/ If you are hookedon cigarettes, you cannot do without them.

horizon (n) /hraz()n/ Peoples horizonsare the things they try to achieve.

hydrated (adj) /hadretd/ Its important to stay hydratedso Ill be drinking a lot of water.

imminent (adj) /mnnt/ Something that is imminentis going to happen soon.

inquisitive (adj) /nkwztv/ Inquisitivemeans the same as curious.

intact (adj) /ntkt/ Something that is intactis not damaged or broken.

intrigue (v) /ntrig/ The question : How far can we go? intriguesBen.joint (n) /nt/ Yourjointsare the parts of your body that can bend such as your

knees and hips.

keep sb going /kip smbdi g/ The idea of giving money to a good cause keeps Claire going.

Its killing me! /ts kl mi / My ankles hurting in fact its killing me!

21

per la gioia di q.cno

chiamare, contattare

trascinare

sforzo

barretta energetica

scienziato dell mbiente

spedizione

esploratore

polpastrello

traguardo

licenziare

concentrazione, sforzo

congelamento

fondamentalmentevestiti

potere di guarire

salutista

andare in letargo

dipendente

obiettivo

idratato/a

imminente

indiscreto/a

intatto/a

incuriosire

articolazione

dare la forza di andare

avanti

Mi fa male da morire!


24/79

land-based (adj) /lndbest/ Land-basedanimals are animals that live on the land, not in the sea.

media interest (n) /midi ntrst/ Media interestis the interest shown by TV, newspapers in events.

membership (n) /membp/ Gym membershipcan be quite expensive.

motivational speaker (n) /mtve()nl spik/ A motivational speakeris someone who gives talks in public to try to

encourage people to do something.

muddy (adj) /mdi/ Amuddy accent is deep and not very clear.

navigate (v) /nvget/ Someone who navigatesuses maps or other equipment to decidewhich way to go.

obscenely (adv) /bsinli/ Someone who is obscenelyrich is so rich that you think it is unacceptable.

only have yourself to blame /nli hv jself t blem/ If you only have yourself to blame, you are completely responsible for

something bad.

outline (v) /atlan/ If you outlinesomething, you give a quick description of it.

outrun (v) /atrn/ If you outruna person or animal, you run faster than them.

pocket (v) /pkt/ I picked the cigarettes up and pocketedthem.

pointless (adj) /pntls/ Something that is pointlessdoes not have any meaning or use.

power-walk/power-walking (n) /pawk/ A power-walkor power-walkingis a form of exercise in which you

pawk/ walk very quickly.quit (v) /kwt/ Once youve started smoking, its very difficult to quit.

quitting technique (n) /kwt teknik/ Lots of quitting techniquesare available to help you give up smoking.

since records began /sns rekdz bgn/ Conditions in the Arctic were described as some of the worst since

records began.

relieved (adj) /rlivd/ I felt relievedwhen no one answered the phone.

reload (v) /rild/ Pen reloadedthe gun when he saw the bear walking towards them.

the reverse (n) /rvs/ The reverseof something is its opposite.

risky (adj) /rski/ Something that is riskyis slightly dangerous.

seal (n) /sil/ Do polar bears eat seals?

It serves you right. /t svz ju rat/ My back stings I didnt put any sunblock on. It serves you right

then, doesnt it?shambolic (adj) /mblk/ Something that is shambolicdoes not succeed because it is badly

organised.

significance (n) /sgnfkns/ Do the achievements of explorers have significancefor the rest of us?

not sleep a wink /nt slip wk/ If you dont sleep a wink, you dont sleep at all.

sledge (n) /sle/ Ben Saunders dragged a 180-kilogramme sledgeover 1,420 miles.

22

terrestre

interesse mediatico

lessere membro di

conferenziere motivazionale

poco chiaro

condurre

oscenamente

dover ringraziare solo se

stessi

descrivere a grandi linee

superare nella corsa

mettere in tasca

insignificante, inutile

marcia

smettere

tecnica per smettere

da quando si iniziato a

registrarlo

alleviato/a

ricaricare

il contrario

rischioso/a

foca

ti sta bene

molto disorganizzato/a

senso

non chiudere occhio

slitta


25/79

slip into sth /slp nt sm/ If you slip intoa particular way of behaving or speaking, you start

behaving or speaking in that way.

sole (n) /sl/ The solesof your feet are the flat parts underneath your feet.

the South Pole (n) / sa pl/ The South Poleis the part of the earth that is the furthest south.

sponsor (v) /spns/ If you sponsorsomething, you provide the money that is necessary to

do it.

stamina (n) /stmn/ Your staminais the ability to do something without getting tired.steadily (adv) /stedli/ Slowly and steadilymost smokers get hooked on cigarettes.

a streaming nose / strim nz/ If you have a streaming nose, liquid flows from your nose because you

have a cold.

strength-training (n) /stretren/ Claire does a combination of cardio, aerobics and strength-trainingto

prepare for the race.

stretch yourself (v refl) /stre jself/ The more you stretch yourself, the stronger your self-belief gets.

supplies (n pl) /splaz/ Suppliesare things such as food or medical equipment that you need.

transmit (v) /trnzmt/ Shubentsov transmitshis healing energy through his fingertips.

COLLOCATIONS

be in charge of /bi n v/ If you are in charge of something, you are responsible for it.

close the barrel /klz brl/ If you close the barrelof a gun, you close the part that the bullet is

fired through.

I couldnt quite figure out /a kd()nt kwat fg Something was wrong, but I couldnt quite figure it out.

t at/

The guns still jammed. / gnz stl md/ The guns still jammed it wont fire.

load the gun /ld gn/ If you load a gun, you put bullets in it.

go into slow motion /g nt sl/m()n/ If everything goes into slow motion, it seems to be happening very

slowly.

pull the trigger /pl trg/ If you pull the triggerof a gun, you fire it.Theres no way ... /ez n we/ Theres no waywe can outrun a bear!

undo the zip /ndu zp/ My fingers were too cold to undo the zip.

23

scivolare in

pianta (del piede)

Polo Sud

patrocinare

resistenza

regolarmente

naso che gocciola

esercizio rinforzante

sforzarsi

rifornimenti

trasmettere

essere incaricato di

chiudere la canna

non sono riuscito proprio a

capire

La pistola di nuovo

inceppata.

caricare la pistola

andare a rallentatore

premere il grilletto impossibile

aprire la cerniera


26/79

PHRASAL VERBS

call sb back /kl smbdi bk/ Leave a message and Ill call you back.

chase sb/sth away /es smbdi/sm Smoke chases awaymosquitoes.

we/

come up with /km p w/ I wish someone would come up withnon-fattening chocolate!

cut down on /kt dan n/ Hes trying to cut down onthe number of cigarettes he smokes a day.

do without sth /du wat sm/ Most smokers find it hard to do withoutcigarettes.drive sb away /drav smbdi we/ Smoking can help drive awayannoying people!

get over sth /get v sm/ If you get over somethingdifficult or upsetting, you recover from it.

give in /gv n/ If you give in, you do something that you shouldnt.

give sth in /gv sm n/ Dont forget to give your homework in.

hop down /hp dan/ I hopped downfrom the doorstep and picked the cigarettes up from

the pavement.

keep up with /kip p w/ Its not easy keeping up withall the latest diets.

let sb down /let smbdi dan/ If someone lets you down, they disappoint you.

light up /lat p/ When you light up, you light a cigarette or cigar.

look sth up /lk sm p/ Lookthe words upin a dictionary.pick sth up /pksm p/ (Sense 1) He pickedthe cigarettes upfrom the pavement.

(Sense 2) Some people find it easier to pick upa new language than

others.

put the phone down /pt fn dan/ When he puts the phone down, he feels relieved.

put sth off /pt sm f/ I need to lose weight but I keep putting it off.

run out of /rn at v/ During Bens first expedition they ran out offood.

take sth up /tek sm p/ (Sense 1) When did you take upsmoking?

(Sense 2) Work takes upa lot of most peoples lives.

WORD FORMATION

-able/-ibleaccessible /ksesb()l/ Prices that are accessiblecan be afforded by most people.

doable /dubl/ My Arctic expedition is just about doable, and thats whats exciting to me.

edible /edb()l/ If food is not edible, it is not good enough to be eaten.

enjoyable /nb()l/ We spent a very enjoyableevening together.

feasible /fizb()l/ My Arctic expedition is just about feasible, and thats whats exciting

to me.

24

richiamare

scacciare

inventare, tirar fuori

tagliare (diminuire)

far senza

tener lontano

superare

sbagliare

consegnare

saltar gi

restare aggiornato/a

deludere q.cno

accendere

cercare q.csa1. raccogliere 2. imparare

riagganciare il telefono

rinviare q.csa

terminare

1. prendere labitudine di

2. occupare, assorbire

accessibile

fattibile

commestibile

piacevole

realizzabile, credibile


27/79

reasonable /riz()nb()l/ Something that seems reasonableseems sensible.

unbearable /nberb()l/ I find very hot temperatures unbearable.

self-

self-belief (n) /selfblif/ Doing things that are risky or uncomfortable makes your self-belief

get stronger.

self-conscious (adj) /selfkns/ I feel self-consciouswhen I speak English to a native speaker.self-discipline (n) /selfdspln/ Self-disciplineis the ability to make yourself do things that are difficult.

self-employed (adj) /selfmpld/ I dont like working for other people Id rather be self-employed.

Unit 5 (page 46)

accidentally (adv) (TS) /ksdent()li/ If you do something accidentally, you do it without meaning to.

affirmation (n) /fmen/ An affirmationis a statement that something is true.

aftershave (n) /ftev/ Aftershaveis a liquid with a pleasant smell that men put on their faceafter shaving.

assume (v) /sjum/ If you assumesomething, you think it is true even though you have no

proof that it is.

be attached to sth /bi tt tu / Some people arevery attached totheir superstitions.

back out (phr v) /bk at/ Dad always backs outof the drive carefully.

bounce (v) /bans/ Serena bouncesthe ball five times before the first serve.

break a jinx /brek ks/ If you break a jink, you stop something that is bringing you bad luck.

at breakneck speed /t breknek spid/ Someone who drives at breakneck speeddrives extremely fast.

brush against (phr v) (TS) /br genst/ Nobody is allowed in the garage in case they accidentally brush

againstthe car.

chant (v) /nt/ If you chantsomething, you sing a word or phrase many times.choking (adj) (TS) /k/ If you are chokingyou cannot breathe properly and are coughing

because of smoke or fumes.

come across (phr v) /km krs/ If you come acrosssomeone, you meet them by chance.

contrasting (adj) /kntrst/ Contrasting colours are colours such as black and white that are very

different from each other.

25

ragionevole

intollerabile

fiducia in se stessi

imbarazzato/a

autodisciplina

autonomo/a

per caso

affermazione, conferma

dopobarba

credere

essere affezionato a q.csa

uscire in retromarcia

far rimbalzare

spezzare un maleficio

a folle velocit

grattare (con la macchina)

salmodiareaffannato/a

imbattersi in

contrastante


28/79

convertible (n) /knvtb()l/ A convertibleis a car with a roof that can be folded back or removed

completely.

cubicle (n) /kjubk()l/ A shower cubicleis a small, enclosed area where you can have a

shower.

curse (n) /ks/ A curseis a bad situation or event caused by someone who

deliberately uses magic powers.

deep down (TS) /dip dan/ If you feel something deep down, you feel it even though yourbehaviour may not show it.

derive from (phr v) /drav frm/ Some of Serenas confidence derives fromthe knowledge that shes a

super-talented player.

devote (v) /dvt/ If you devoteyour time to doing something, you spend a lot of time

doing that thing.

fall back on sth (phr v) /fl bk n sm/ Ana Ivanovic explains that she likes having rituals to fall back on.

first and foremost /fst n fmst/ A wedding, first and foremost, is a rite of passage to be shared with

family and close friends.

focus (v) /fks/ If you focusobsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that

thing.formula (n) /fmjl/ Superstitions form part of Serenas winning formula.

gig (n) /gg/ A gig is a performance of live music.

go through (phr v) /g ru / If you go througha routine, ritual or procedure, you do a series of

actions regularly.

idyllic (adj) /dlk/ An idyllicsituation is one that is perfect and makes you feel very happy.

immune (adj) /mjun/ If you are not immuneto something, you are affected by it.

inside out (adv) /nsad at/ Something that is inside outhas the inside part facing towards the

outside.

jinx (n) /ks/ Ajinxis something that causes bad luck.

loopy (adj) /lupi/ Someone who is loopyis slightly crazy.

match (v) /m/ If things match, they look good or attractive together.mind game (n) /mand gem/ A mind gameis a series of actions intended to affect how someone

thinks or feels.

national anthem (n) /n()nl nm/ A national anthemis the official national song of a country.

obsessive compulsive /bsesv kmplsv Obsessive compulsive disorderis a type of mental illness which makes

disorder (n) dsd/ you repeat certain actions.

26

decappottabile

cabina

malocchio, maleficio

dentro

derivare da

dedicare

ricorrere a

prima di tutto

concentrarsi su

formula

esibizione

fare regolarmente

idilliaco/a

immune

rovescio/a

malocchio

eccentrico/a

star bene insiemegioco immaginario

inno nazionale

disturbo ossessivo compulsivo


29/79

obsessively (adv) /bsesvli/ If you focus obsessivelyon one thing, you only think about or do that

thing.

opponent (n) /pnnt/ An opponentin a game of sport is the person or team you are playing

against.

opt (for) (v) /pt (f)/ Some people dont want the stress of a big wedding and opt fora

low-key affair instead.

outfit (n) /atft/ Some football fans wear the same clothing to a match if that outfitbrought victory in the previous game.

pat down (phr v) (TS) /pt dan/ If you patsomething down, you press it gently with your fingers.

perfect (v) /pfekt/ If you perfecta skill, you practise it until it is perfect.

perfectionism (n) /pfek()nzm/ Perfectionismis the state of being perfect and without any mistakes.

pitch (n) /p/ A pitchis a flat area of ground used for playing sports such as cricket

or football.

preside (over) (v) /przad v/ If you preside oversomething, you are responsible or in charge of it.

procedure (n) /prsi/ Dad always goes through exactly the same procedure before setting

off in the car.

rational (adj) /r()nl

/ Someone who is rationalis sensible and makes good decisions.

relentlessly (adv) /rlentlsli/ If you do something relentlessly, you do it again and again without

stopping.

be renowned for sth /bi rnand f sm/ If you are renowned for something, you are associated with it and well

known for it.

reportedly (adv) /rptdli/ Beckham reportedlyspends hours straightening the furniture at home.

repulsive (adj) (TS) /rplsv/ Something that is repulsiveis extremely unpleasant.

rife (adj) /raf/ Something bad that is rifeis very widespread and common.

ritual (n) /rul/ A ritualis something that you do regularly and always in the same way.

ritual-bound (adj) /rulband/ Someone who is ritual-boundmust do something regularly in order to

feel happy.

ritualistic (adj) /rulstk/ Victoria Beckham has had to get used to Davids ritualisticways.be on the road /bi n rd/ If you are on the roada lot, you travel a lot.

run through (n) /rn ru / After the run throughfor the wedding, we were ready for the real thing.

set off (phr v) /set f/ When you set off, you start a journey.

shades (n pl) /edz/ Shadesis an informal word that means sunglasses.

sit by (phr v) /st ba/ If one building sits byanother, it is situated next to that building.

27

ossessivamente

avversario

optare per

vestiti

appiattire con dei colpetti

perfezionare

perfezionismo

campo

presiedere

procedura

razionale

ininterrottamente

essere famoso/a per q.csa

a quanto si dice

ripugnante

comune

rituale

legato/a a dei riti

ritualeessere in viaggio

prova

partire

occhiali scuri

essere accanto


30/79

skill (n) /skl/ A skillis the ability to do something, usually to do it well.

skinny (adj) /skni/ Someone who is skinnyis very thin.

slam (v) /slm/ If you slama door, you shut it hard, usually because you are angry.

sneeze (v) /sniz/ Strong aftershave makes me want to sneeze.

soloist (n) /slst/ Elvis is the most sought-after soloist in the Las Vegas wedding industry.

sought-after (adj) /stft/ Someone who is sought-afteris very popular.

a spare pair (n) / spe pe/ Mums always losing her glasses she should get a spare pair!take sth a stage further /tek sm ste f/ Beckham takes his rituals a stage furtheras everything has to be just

right at home as well.

straighten (v) /stret()n/ If you straightensomething, you make it straight or put it in a straight

line.

stick thin (adj) /stk n/ Someone who is stick thinis extremely thin.

What strikes me is ... /wt straks mi z/ What strikes me isthat so many celebrity marriages are short-lived.

stride (v) /strad/ If you stridesomewhere, you walk there quickly and confidently.

superstition (n) /supst()n/ A superstitionis the belief that things such as magic or luck have the

power to affect your life.

superstitious (adj) /supsts/ A lot of sports people are very superstitious.

tap out (phr v) (TS) /tp at/ If you tap outtobacco, you put it in a pipe.

thrash (v) /r/ If you thrashan opponent at sport, you beat them very easily.

at the top of your game /t tp v j gem/ Someone who is at the top of their gameis playing it better than

anyone else.

track (n) /trk/ A trackon a CD is a particular song.

tuck up (phr v) (TS) /tk p/ When you tucka child up, you put him or her into bed and put a

duvet or blankets round them.

two-pronged (adj) /tuprd/ Something that is two-prongedhas two long, sharp points at the end

of it.

uneven (adj) /niv()n/ 2,4,6,8 are even numbers; 1,3,5,7. are uneven numbers.

have the upper hand /hv i p hnd/ If you have the upper handin a situation, you are in control of it.vandalise (v) /vndlaz/ If you vandalisesomething, you deliberately damage or destroy it.

28

abilit

ossuto

sbattere

starnutire

solista

richiesto/a

paio di scrota

portare a uno stadio

successivo

raddrizzare

magro come uno stecchino

quel che mi colpisce, mi urta

camminare a lunghi passi

superstizione

superstizioso/a

mettere

stracciare

essere il migliore

traccia

mettere a letto e rimboccare

le coperte

biforcuto/a

dispari

avere in pugnovandalizzare


31/79

USEFUL PHRASES

Things that annoy you

I cant stand it when ... /a knt stnd t wen/ I cant stand it whenpeople say they havent done any work for an

exam and then get top marks!

I find it irritating when ... /a fand t rtet wen/ I find it irritating when people keep losing things.

I hate it when ... /a het t wen/ I hate it whenmen wear too much aftershave.

It really annoys me when ... /t rli nz mi wen/ It really annoys me whenmy brother and his girlfriend kiss in front ofme!

It really winds me up when ... /t rli wandz mi p It really winds me up whenpeople who are thin talk about how fat

wen/ they are.

The thing that annoys me / t nz mi The thing that annoys me mostis people who talk but never listen.

most ... mst/

How something makes you feel

It makes me mad. /t meks mi md/ It makes me madwhen mum keeps losing her glasses!

It makes me sick. /t meks mi sk/ It makes me sickwhen my brother and his girlfriend hug and kiss in

front of me!

Its so annoying. /ts s n/ She talks all the way through films. Its so annoying.

That really gets on my nerves. /t rli gets n ma She complains all the time about being fat, and

nvz/ shes stick thin. That really gets on my nerves.

WEDDINGS

aisle (n) /al/ The aisleis the long, narrow part of a church that you walk down

before you get married.

annul (v) /nl/ When a marriage is annulled, it is declared officially that it is no longer

legal.

best man (n) /best mn/ The best manis a male friend who helps the groom at a wedding.

bouquet of flowers (n) /buke v flaz/ In the UK, its a ritual for the bride to throw a bouquet of flowersintothe crowd of guests.

bride (n) /brad/ Its traditional for Muslim bridesto have their hands and feet

decorated in henna designs.

bridesmaid (n) /bradzmed/ A bridesmaidis a girl or young woman who helps the bride at a

wedding.

29

non sopoorto

mi irrita che

detesto quando

mi secca tantissimo che

mi scoccia da morire

quando

la cosa che pi mi infastidisce

impazzisco

mi sento male

cos pesante

mi d proprio ai nervi

navata

annullare

valletto

bouquet

sposa

damigella donore


32/79

30

ceremony (n) /sermni/ The wedding ceremonywas presided over by Ron DeCar, also known

as Elvis.

conduct a ceremony/service /kndkt sermni/ Rebecca said shes only marry Mat if Elvis conducted the service.

svs/

confetti (n) /knfeti/ Confettiis small pieces of coloured paper that people throw in the air

at a wedding.

drive-through chapel (n) /dravru p()l/ A drive-through chapelis one that you can travel through in your car.

elaborate (adj) (TS) /lb()rt/ Moroccan weddings are elaborateaffairs and preparations take weeks.

exchange vows /ksen vaz/ When a couple exchange vows, they make promises to each other

during a wedding ceremony.

get married /get mrd/ One in six couples now prefer to get marriedabroad.

go out of fashion /g at v f()n/ In Britain, the traditional white wedding is going out of fashion.

groom (n) /grum/ The groomis the man who is getting married.

henna (n) /hen/ Hennais a red-brown substance used for colouring hair or skin.

honeymoon (n) /hnimun/ A honeymoonis a holiday that a couple have after their wedding.

in-laws (n pl) /nlz/ Your in-lawsare the parents of your husband or wife.

lavish (adj) /lv/ A lavishwedding is one that is extremely expensive.

limousine (n) /lmzin/ A limousineis a large, expensive, comfortable car.

low-key (adj) /lki/ A low-keywedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to

which not many guests are invited.

make a speech /mek spi/ Its traditional for the groom and best man to make a speech.

matrimonial (adj) /mtrmnil/ Matrimonialis a word that means relating to a wedding or marriage.

modest (adj) /mdst/ A modestwedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to

which not many guests are invited.

your nearest and dearest /j nrst n drst/ Your nearest and dearest is an expression meaning your family.

No wonder there is/are ... /n wnd er z/ / Millions of people get married in Vegas no wonder there are

wedding chapels round every corner.once-in-a-lifetime /wnsnlaftam/ Honeymoons are a once-in-a-lifetimeholiday.

package (n) /pk/ The wedding packagein Las Vegas included limo, video, three songs

and twenty-four photos.

cerimonia

celebrare un rito/una

funzione

coriandoli

chiesa in cui si pu entrare

con lauto

complicato/a

scambiarsi promesse

sposarsi

passare di moda

sposo

henn

luna di miele

suoceri

fastoso/a

limousine

modesto/a, tranquillo/a

tenere un discorso

matrimoniale

modesto/a, tranquillo/a

i tuoi cari

non c da meravigliarsi se

che si presenta una volta

nella vita

pacchetto


33/79

photographer (n) /ftgrf/ Wedding photographersare people who are paid to take photographs

at weddings.

pin money on sth /pn mni n sm/ At Muslim weddings, guests pin money onthe bridegrooms suit.

pose (n) /pz/ A poseis another word for a photograph.

priest (n) /prist/ A priestis a person who conducts the service during a religious wedding.

pronounce you man and wife /prnans ju mn n I now pronounce you man and wife are the words that are said at

waf/ the end of a wedding ceremony.propose a toast /prpz tst/ When the best man proposes a toast, he says that the guests at a

wedding reception should drink together to send best wishes to the

bride and groom.

purify (v) (TS) /pjrfa/ In Morocco, the bride has a milk bath, which is supposed to purifyher.

reception (n) /rsep()n/ A wedding receptionis a formal party after a wedding.

ring (n) /r/ A wedding ringis a piece of jewellery that someone who is married

wears on their finger.

rite of passage (n) /rat v ps/ A rite of passageis a ceremony that marks an important stage in

someones life.

separate (v) /sepret/ Rene Zellwegger and her husband separatedafter four months of

marriage.

short-lived (adj) /tlvd/ Celebrities are renowned for their short-livedmarriages.

superstretch limo (n) /supstre lm/ A superstretch limois a large, expensive car that is very long.

throw rice /r ras/ Sometimes guests throw riceover the bride and groom as they leave

the church.

tie the knot /ta nt/ Tie the knot is an informal expression meaning to get married.

veil (n) /vel/ A veilis a thin piece of material worn over a womans face.

vow (n) /va/ A vowis a promise that you make to someone when you marry them.

walk (sb) down the aisle /wk dan i al/ Fathers are often very proud to walktheir daughters down the aisle.

wedding cake (n) /wed kek/ A wedding cakeis a special cake that is eaten during a wedding

reception.wedding present (n) /wed prez()nt/ The crystal vase was a wedding presentfrom friends.

white wedding (n) /wat wed/ A white weddingis a traditional wedding where the bride is dressed

in white.

worldly goods (n pl) (TS) /wldli gdz/ Worldly goodsare your possessions.

31

fotografo

appuntare soldi su

foto

sacerdote

dichiarare marito e moglie

proporre un brindisi

purificare

ricevimento

anello

rito di passaggio

separarsi

di breve vita

super limousine

lanciare riso

sposarsi

velo

voto

accompagnare allaltare

torta di nozze

regalo di nozze

matrimonio tradizionale

beni terreni


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Unit 6 (page 56)

abandon (v) /bndn/ If you abandonsomeone or something, you leave it and no longer care

about it.

alarming (adj) /lm/ Alarmingmeans very frightening.alert (v) /lt/ If you alertsomeone to something, you do something to make them

realise what is happening.

approximate (adj) /prksmt/ An approximatefigure or size is one that is close to a particular figure

or size, but not exact.

archaic (adj) /kek/ Archaicmeans very old or old-fashioned.

avoidable (adj) /vdb()l/ Something that is avoidablecould be stopped and should not happen.

backlash (n) /bkl/ A backlashagainst something is a strong reaction against something

you do not like.

bee (n) /bi / A beeis a yellow and black insect that produces honey.

bird flu (n) /bd flu / Bird fluis a dangerous disease that affects both birds and people.

bulge (v) /bl/ If your eyes bulge, they stick out and look bigger than usual.

cancer (n) /kns/ Canceris a dangerous disease that affects different parts of the body

and can kill you.

chilled (adj) /ld/ Chilledwine is very cold.

clean up (phr v) /klin p/ Wall-E is a robot who cleans upthe polluted planet.

climate change (n) /klamt en/ Climate changeis the changes that people think are making the

weather in the world warmer.

coffin (n) /kfn/ A coffinis a box in which you put the body of a dead person.

combined (adj) /kmband/ The meat industry produces more greenhouse gases than all the cars,

trains and planes in the world combined.

come out (phr v) /km at/ If something you cook comes outwell, it is very well cooked and goodto eat.

Compliments to the chef. /kmplmnts t ef/ Compliments to the chef is an expression you use to say how much

you have enjoyed someones cooking.

compromise (v) /kmprmaz/ Vegetarians believe that eating meat compromisestheir beliefs.

32

abbandonare

allarmanteavvisare

approssimativo/a

antiquato/a

evitabile

reazione violenta, rigetto,

contraccolpo

ape

influenza aviaria

essere gonfio/a

cancro

ghiacciato

ripulire

cambio climatico

bara

messo/a insieme

riuscire

Complimenti al cuoco.

compromettere,

danneggiare, confliggere


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conduct a study /kndkt stdi/ The studyinto food waste was conductedby the Waste & Resources

Action Programme.

confined space (n) /knfand spes/ Confined spacesare places where there is not enough room to move.

consume (v) /knsjum/ If you consumefood or drink, you eat or drink it.

consumption (n) /knsmp()n/ The consumptionof bottled water has increased.

contributor (n) /kntrbjt/ Water bottles are a major contributorto global warming.

upper intermediate(italian)

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