uranium deposit types and classifications€¦ · uranium deposit types and classifications ......

Uranium deposit types and classifications

Michel CUNEY

UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE – GEORESSOURCES CREGU – CNRS54 506, Vandoeuvre les NANCY France

[email protected]

� In the late 80’s, a collect of information was organized by the

IAEA with the collaboration of a panel of experts to produce a

geological classification which could be internationnally used

� 15 deposit types were defined and listed in the 1991 Red Book

� The IAEA classification was largely inspired by the work of

F.J.Dahlkamp

The « Red Book »

Joint report OECD -IAEA

Every two years

First publication in 1970

1991 IAEA uranium deposits classification

� 1) Unconformity-related 23� 2) Sandstones 250� 3) Quartz-pebble conglomerates 22� 4) Veins 128� 5) Breccia complexes 1� 6) Intrusive 13� 7) Phosphorites 10� 8) Collapse breccia pipes 10� 9) Volcanic 43� 10) Surficial 16� 11) Metasomatites 12� 12) Metamorphic 10� 13) Lignite-coal 22� 14) Black shales 9� 15) Other types (carbonates) 13 (582)

Deposits were conventionally listed in order of econ omic ranking

� In 1993, Dahlkamp, in his book, “Uranium Ore Deposits”, recognizes 16principal types of uranium deposits and occurrences based on host environment and/or geometry

� More than 40 subtypes and classes were defined

� 1) Unconformity-related (McArthur, Ranger)� 2) Sandstones (Mynkuduk, Arlit)

� 3) Hematite breccia complexes (Olympic Dam)� 4) Quartz-pebble conglomerates (Witwatersrand)

� 5) Veins (Limousin, Czech Republic)

� 6) Intrusive (Rossing, Ilimaussaq)� 7) Volcanic and caldera-related (Streltsovska)

� 8) Metasomatites (Michurinskoye, Lago Real)� 9) Surficial (Yeelirrie, Langer Heinrich)

� 10) Collapse breccia pipes (Arizona Strip)

� 11) Phosphorites (Uncle Sam, Gantour)� 12) Other types (metamorphic, limestones, coal)

� 13) Rock types with elevated U content (pegmatites, granites,black shales)

2012 « Red Book » uranium deposits classification

�In 2009, Dahlkamp indicates in his last book “Uranium

deposits of the world – Asia” that recent information on

uranium deposits and new research data on earlier

established and defined types of uranium deposits justify a

rearrangement and refinement of the classification scheme

which was proposed in 1993 by the author.

�The terminology selected for types and subtypes refers

primarily to the host environment or geotectonic setting of

the types. On this basis, 20 principal types of Udeposits

including some 40 subtypes and classes are separated

2009 Dahlkamp’s classification� 1. Proterozoic unconformity-contact deposits� 2. Proterozoic subunconformity-epimetamorphic deposits� 3. Sandstone deposits� 4.Granite-related deposits � 5. Volcanic deposits � 6. Metasomatite-related deposits � 7. Undifferentiated (meta-)sediment hosted deposits � 8. Collapse breccias pipe deposits� 9. Polymetallic hematite-breccia complex deposits � 10. Paleoproterozoic quartz-pebble conglomerate deposits� 11. Surficial deposits� 12. Intrusive deposits� 13. Uraniferous carbonaceous shale-related stockwork deposits � 14. Uraniferous bituminous cataclastic limestone deposits� 15. Uraniferous carbonaceous lutite (lacustrine) deposits� 16. Uraniferous organic phosphorous deposits � 17. Uraniferous minerochemichal phosphorite deposits � 18. Uraniferous lignite/coal deposits � 19. Uraniferous stratiform black shale deposits � 20. Uraniferous synmetamorphic and contact metamorphic deposits

2009

2010

1. Intrusive 2. Granite-related 3. Polymetallic iron-oxide breccia complex 4. Volcanic-related 5. Metasomatite 6. Metamorphite 7. Proterozoic unconformity 8. Collapse-breccia pipe 9. Sandstone

10. Paleo-quartz-pebble conglomerate 11. Surficial 12. Lignite and coal 13. Carbonate 14. Phosphate 15. Black shale

IAEA uranium deposits classification (2012)

The most commonly used

The deposits are regrouped in 15 types

mainlydefined on the nature of host rock lithology& 39 sub-types

� Sediment/sedimentary basins associations� 9. Sandstone� 10. Paleo-quartz pebble conglomerate� 11. Surficial � 8. Collapse breccia pipe � 7. Proterozoic unconformity � 12. Coal-lignite � 13. Carbonate � 14. Phosphate � 15. Black shales

� Igneous plutonic and volcanic � 2. Granite-related � 4. Volcanic-related� 1.2. Intrusive plutonic� 3. Polymetallic hematite breccia complex

� Metamorphic� 1.1. Intrusive anatectic� 5. Metasomatite� 6. Metamorphite

9. Sandstone (“hosted”) 615

2. Granite-related 128

4. Volcanic-related 117

6. Metamorphite 106

7. Proterozoic unconformity 84

1. Intrusive anatectic - plutonic 81

5. Metasomatite 74

11. Surficial 66

10. Paleo-quartz pebble conglomerate 62

12. Coal-lignite 32

14. Phosphate 41

15. Black shales 43

8. Collapse breccia pipe 16

3. Polymetallic hematite breccia complex 12

13. Carbonate 8

Number of deposits by type

1486 deposits ranked into 15 types:� 1. Intrusive deposits

� anatectic pegmatite-alaskite (1.1) such as those of Rossing (Namibia) and the Bancroft District (Canada), � plutonic (1.2) hosted by quartz monzonite (Bingham Canyon, USA; Chuquicamata, Chile), peralkaline complexes

(Kvanefjeld, Greenland; Pocos de Caldas, Brazil), or carbonatites (Palabora, South Africa; Catalao, Brazil),

� 2. Granite-related deposits (186 over 1486) � endogranitic (2.1): the Crouzille District (France), � perigranitic (2.2) Niederschlema-Alberoda deposit (Germany)

� 3. Polymetallic iron-oxide breccia complex (12 over 1486), Olympic Dam (Australia)� 4. Volcanic-related deposits (119 over 1486)

� (4.1) structure-bound with the Streltsov-Antei deposit (Russia), � (4.2) strata-bound with the Dornod 7 ore zone (Mongolia), � (4.3) volcano-sedimentary with the Anderson Mine (USA).

� 5. Metasomatic deposits (75 over 1486) � Na-metasomatites (5.1) Kirovograd District (Ukraine) and at Lagoa Real (Brazil),� K-metasomatite (5.2) Elkon District (Russia) � skarns (5.3) as at Mary Kathleen in Australia.

� 6. Metamorphite hosted deposits (106 over 1486) � (6.1) stratabound (Forstau, Austria), � (6.2) structure-bound � (6.3) shear zone-bound (Rozna, Czech Republic), � (6.4) Marble-hosted phosphate (Itataia, Brazil).

� 7. Proterozoic unconformity (84 over 1486)� (7.1) unconformity-contact (Cigar Lake, Canada)� (7.2) basement-hosted (Jabiluka, Australia)� (7.3) stratiform fracture-controlled (Chitrial, India

� 8. Collapse -breccia pipe (16 over 1486) Arizona Strip (USA)

IAEA classification

� 9. Sandstone deposits (615 over 1486) � (9.1) basal channels Dalmatovskoye in Russia, � (9.2) tabular bodies (Arlit type, Niger OR Grants type, USA), � (9.3) rollfronts (Wyoming type, USA. Chu-Sarysu, Kazhakstan? South Texas, USA)� (9.4) Tectonic-lithologic Lodève Basin (France)� (9.5) mafic dykes or sills in Proterozoic sandstone, Westmoreland District, Australia)

� 10. Paleo-quartz-pebble conglomerates (62 over 1486) � (10.1) Elliot Lake District (Canada) � (10.2) polymetallic Witwatersrand Basin (South Africa).

� 11. Surficial deposits (63 over 1486) � (11.1) peat-bog (Kamushanovskoye, Kyrgyzstan)� (11.2) Fluvial valley (Yeelirrie, Australia)� (11.3) Lacustrine-playa (Lake Maitland, Australia)� (11.4) Karst cavern (Tyuya-Muyun, Kyrgyzstan)� (11.5) Pedogenic and fracture fill (Beslet, Bulgaria)

� 12. Lignite and coal associated deposits (32 over 1486), � (12.1) stratiform bodies Koldzhat (Kazakhstan), � (12.2) fracture-controlled Freital (Germany).

� 13. Carbonate hosted deposits (9 over 1486) � (13.1) stratabound Tumalappalle (India)� (13.2) cataclastic at Mailuu-Suu (Kyrgyzstan)� (13.2) paleokarst Sanbaqi (China).

� 14. Phosphate deposits (41 over 1486) � (14.1) organic phosphorite at the Mangyshlak Peninsula, Kazakhstan) � (14.2) minerochemical phosphorite Phosphoria Formation, USA),� (14.3.) continental phosphates Bakouma District (Central African Republic)

� 15. Black shale deposits (43 over 1486) � (15.1) stratiform ore bodies (Ranstad, Sweden; Chattanooga Shale, USA)� (15.2) stockworks Ronneburg, Germany; Dzhantuar, Uzbekistan)

IAEA classification (suite)

UDEPO-IAEA database: 1488 uranium deposits/districts from 74 countries

2011 world production: 54.670 t U from about 45 mines for 63.900 t U required

IAEA-NEA Red Book (2003): a mass of naturally occurring

mineral from which uranium could be exploited at present

or in future economic conditions

IAEA-UDEPO: a geological concentration of uranium

no economic connotation, >300 t U, no grade restrictions

Definition of a deposit :

UDEPO database (IAEA)� (UDEPO) http://www-nfcis.iaea.org

� >1,800 Uranium deposits, 74 countries

IAEA classification

�Based essentialy on the nature of the enclosing rocksand the morphology of the deposits,

�Regroup in the same category deposits :

* formed by very different genetic processes* localized in very contrasted geologic environments

�ex.: U deposits disseminated in plutonic rocks comprise:

� those resulting from partial melting, in deep setting with high degree of metamorphism (alaskites from Rössing, Namibia)

� those resulting from extreme crystal fractionation, in surficial setting : apex of peralcaline complexes (Kvanfjeld, Groënland)

Toward a genetic classification

Difficulty to obtain a reliable genetic classification :

� Unsufficient knowledge of the genetic conditions

� Succession of concentration episodes within a single deposit

.with very different mechanisms spanning over a long period of time

�Secondary processes may obscure the primary U .concentration

mechanisms : • metamorphism, ex. : Lagoa Real district in Brazil,

• remobilisation by supergene fluids, ex. : Poços de Caldas, Brésil

The genetic classification proposed here is based on the dominant mechanism supposed to be at the origin of the primary U concentration

A GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF U-DEPOSITS

I - (M) MAGMATIC

II - (H) HYDROTHERMAL

III - (M) METEORIC WATER INFILTRATION

IV - (S) SYNSEDIMENTARY

V - (E) EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

VI - (O) OTHER TYPES

5 MAIN TYPES

A GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF U-DEPOSITS (i)- I (M) MAGMATIC

• I.1 (MFC) fractional crystallization peralkaline Kvanefjeld, Greenland 135,000t@ 220ppm

• I.2 (MPM) partial melting granitic pegmatoids Rössing Namibia 246,500tU @300ppm

- II (H) HYDROTHERMAL

• II.1 (HV) hydrothermal-volcanic Streltsovkoye caldera (Russia): 250,000 t U at 0.10%

• II.2 (HG) hydrothermal-granitic Aue-Niederschlema, Germany 100,000 t U

• II.3 (HD) hydrothermal-diagenetic diagenetic brine circulation 3 sub-categories:

•II.3a (HDIa) with intraformational redox control:

o(HDIaTb) tabular Grants region, Colorado >240,000 t U @ 0.09-0.21 % mined

o(HDIaTl) tectonolithologic Lodève basin, France.

o(HDIaCb) dissolution-collapse breccias pipes Gd Canyon Arizona, USA

• II.3b (HDBb) with basement/basin redox control Athabasca, E Alligator River

• II.3c (HDIr) interformational redox boundary, Oklo, Gabon 27,[email protected]%

• II.4 (HMp) hydrothermal-metamorphic Shinkolobwe DRC 25 500tU, 0.40%

A GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF U-DEPOSITS (ii)

• II.5 (HMt) Hydrothermal-metasomatic• II.5a (HMtNa) Na-metasomatism central Ukraine 180,000 t U

• II.5b (HMtK) K-metasomatism Elkon (Aldan, Russia) > 324,[email protected] % U±Au

• II.5c (HMtSk) Skarn-related contact/regional met. Mary Kathleen [email protected] %

- III (M) METEORIC WATER INFILTRATION with two sub-types:

• III.1 (MB) Basal-type paleovalley or infiltration-type in Russia, Vitim district

• III.2 (MRf) Roll fronts Kazakhstan with over 1 M t U resources

- IV (S) SYNSEDIMENTARY subdivided into 4 major types

• IV.1 (SMs) Mechanical sorting Quartz Pebble Conglomerates (QPC)

• IV.2 (SRtm) Redox trapping in marine environments black shales. Sweden > 1 M t U

• IV.3 (SRtc) Redox trapping in contin envir coal, lignite, peat bog, swamp, anoxic lake

• IV.4 (SCcr) Crystal-chemical and redox trapping phosphorites up to 15-22 M t U

- V (E) EVAPOTRANSPIRATION = calcretes Langer Heinrich, Namibia 63 520 tU @ 510 ppm

- VI (O) OTHER TYPES Olympic Dam Fe-ox Cu-Au(U-Ag) (IOCG) S. Aust. 1.9 MtU @340ppm

I - (M) U deposits related to magmatic processes

I.1 – (MFC) Deposits related to extreme fractional crystallization� All related to peralkaline magmas (granite, syenite, carbonatites)

� Strong incompatible behaviour of U continuously enriched in the residual

liquids together with : Th, Zr, Nb, REE

� Complex and highly refractory U mineral host

� Peralkaline complexes intruded at shallow structural levels

� Located in the apical and most fractionated parts of the plutons

� Main physical-chemical parameters controlling ore body :� (i) Degree of partial melting in the mantle

� (ii) Degree of fractional crystallization

� (iii) Degree of enrichment by late magmatic fluids.

� Ilimausaq (Greenland), 250 000t U @ 300 ppm

60°57’

61°

Kange

rluar

suk

Nunasamaasaq

Kringl

erne

Lakseelv

Naajakasik

Tunulliafik

Nunasamaq

Ilimmaasaq

47°

61°

0 10 20 30 km

GARDAR INTRUSIONS

GARDAR SUPRACRUSTALS

BASEMENT

NARSSÂRSSUKNaNunarssuit

Grennedat-Ika

Inland Ice

Kûngnât Ivigtut

Igaliko

Na

TugtutôqIllimaussaqNarsaq

Kvanefjeld

NunnarsuatsiaqFAULT

M-J LUJAVRITE

ARFVEDSONITE LUJAVRITE

LUJAVRITE TRANSITION ZONE

AEGIRINE LUJAVRITE

KAKORTOKITE &MARGINAL PEGMATITE

NAUJAITE

SODALITE FOYAITE

PULASKITE FOYAITE

ALKALI GRANITE, Qz-SYENITE

AUGITE SYENITE

SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS

NARSSAQ INTRUSION


BASEMENT GRANITE

3 km0 60°57’

61°

Kange

rluar

suk

Nunasamaasaq

Kringl

erne

Lakseelv

Naajakasik

Tunulliafik

Nunasamaq

Ilimmaasaq

47°

61°

0 10 20 30 km

GARDAR INTRUSIONS


BASEMENT


Grennedat-Ika

Inland Ice

Kûngnât Ivigtut

Igaliko

Na


47°

61°

0 10 20 30 km

GARDAR INTRUSIONS


BASEMENT


Grennedat-Ika

Inland Ice

Kûngnât Ivigtut

Igaliko

Na


Kvanefjeld

NunnarsuatsiaqFAULT

M-J LUJAVRITE

ARFVEDSONITE LUJAVRITE

LUJAVRITE TRANSITION ZONE

AEGIRINE LUJAVRITE

KAKORTOKITE &MARGINAL PEGMATITE

NAUJAITE

SODALITE FOYAITE

PULASKITE FOYAITE

ALKALI GRANITE, Qz-SYENITE

AUGITE SYENITE

SUPERFICIAL DEPOSITS

NARSSAQ INTRUSION


BASEMENT GRANITE

3 km0 3 km0

Ilimausacq (Greenland)peralkaline complexe

U mineralization in the most fractionated

part where fluid oversaturation occured:

Simultaneous enrichment in :

U, Th, Zr, REE, Nb,Ta, F …

U in steenstrupine

I.2 – (MPM) Deposits related to partial melting (Rössing)� Fine- to coarse-grained to pegmatitic granites

� Leucocratic (< 2% biotite) and high alkali content (alaskites)

� Anastomosing and vein-like intruded in high grade metasedimentary rocks

� Uraninite >> disseminated in the granites (±betafite)

� Rössing (Namibia) 250 000t U @ 300 ppm

Four main physical-chemical parameters controlling ore body size/grade:

� (i) Structural (collection of the anatectic melt and fluids)

� (ii) Chemical: Skarns PCO2, PH2O� High T shift granite solidus

� (iii) Physical : low redox (graphite, sulfides Rössing F.) prevent U oxd.

� (iv) Supergene enrichment (hexavalent U minerals)

I - (M) U deposits related to magmatic processes

Cross-section of the Rössing deposit

NOSIB ROSSING

after Berning, 1986drill section zero

II - (H) DEPOSITS RELATED TO HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS• II.1 (HV) hydrothermal-volcanic

• II.2 (HG) hydrothermal-granitic

• II.3 (HD) hydrothermal-diagenetic• II.3a (HDIa) with intraformational redox control:

• (HDIaTb) tabular

• (HDIaTl) tectonolithologic

• (HDIaCb) dissolution-collapse breccias pipes

• II.3b (HDBb) with basement/basin redox control

• II.3c (HDIr) interformational redox boundary

• II.4 (HMp) hydrothermal-metamorphic• II.5 (HMt) Hydrothermal-metasomatic

• II.5a (HMtNa) Na-metasomatism• II.5b (HMtK) K-metasomatism Elkon

• II.5c (HMtSk) Skarn-related

II (H) DEPOSITS RELATED TO HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS• II.1 (HV) hydrothermal-volcanic











Variscan granite

U-deposit projection

Caledonian granite

Marbles

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE STRELTSOVSKY ORE FIELD

1. Shironoskoye2. Streltsovskoye3. Antei4. Oktabraskoye5.6. Martoskoye7. Malo-Tulukuyev8.9. Yubilenoye10. Vesenney11. 12. Pyatletneye13. KranyKamen14.15. Zherlovoye16. Argunskoye17.18. Dalnee

280 000t U in 18 deposits

5 km

BOHEMIANMASSIF

CASTELO BRANCO

U

U

U

HERCYNIAN GRANITES

LIMITS PRETRIASSIC BASEMENT

SHOWINGS

MEDIUM

LARGE

200 400 km0

U VERY LARGE

URANIUM DEPOSITS

MORVAN

VENDEE

LIMOUSIN

MARCHE

MILLEVACHES

FOREZ

MARGERIDE

PONTIVY

KRUTH

WITTICHEN

WÖLSENDORF

BOR

JACHYMOV HORNISLAVKOV

PRZIBRAM

FRIOL . . .

MONTEDERRANO

GUARDASALAMANCA

AVILA

ALBALA

MONESTERIO

VENTA

ANDUJAR

U

U

UU

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

UU

U

UU U

U

ARMORICANMASSIF

BLACK FOREST

U

VIZEU

ALBUQUERQUE

VILLA NUEVADEL FRESNO

CORNWALL U

PENARAN

U

AUE-NIEDERSCHLEMA

CENTRALMASSIF

MENZELSCHWAND

GRANITES & U-DEPOSIT IN THE

EUROPEAN

VARISCAN

BELT

(HDTb) –Tabular deposits Grants Uranium Belt

Reduced sandstone

Primary ore lenses

Distribution of primary and remobilized uranium ores in the Morrison FormationThe primary mineralization form tabular elongated lenses suspended within reduced sandstone

N

Oxidized sandstone

Remnant primary ore

Redistributedore

Recaptured Member

Brushy Basin Member

II-3 (HD) Hydrothermal Diagenetic system

Modified from Turner Patterson and Fihman 1986

Intraformational redox boundary

Ore-forming fluids

observed in sphalerite, calcite & dolomite :

T : 80°C to 173°C

salinities >9 wt. % NaCl equiv.

most commonly >18 wt. % NaCl equiv.

II-3a (HDIaCb) dissolution-collapse breccias pipes

II (H) DEPOSITS RELATED TO HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS

Conceptual fluid percolation model for ATHABASCA unconf. related U-deposits

1 1dolomitizationCa <=> Mg

○○○○○

○○○○○○

○○○○○○

○○○○○

2Na brine 3a

3b3c

4

5-6k

m

EVAPORITES ?

Basin/basementRedox

boundary

II-3BbHydrothermal-Diagenetic

System

Basin/BasementRedox control

Diagenetic brines

150-200°C

30-35 % eq NaCl



• II.3 (HD) hydrothermal-diagenetic• 2.3a (HDIa) with intraformational redox control:




• 2.3b (HDBb) with basement/basin redox control

• 2.3c (HDIr) interformational redox boundary


• 2.5a (HMtNa) Na-metasomatism• 2.5b (HMtK) K-metasomatism Elkon

• 2.5c (HMtSk) Skarn-related

Oklo - Okélobondo the first redox controlled U-depositsOklo - Okélobondo the first redox controlled U-deposits

100 m

W E

Okélobondo mine

151-2

3-67-9

13

10-16

OK84bis

FA sandstone

MineralizedC1 layer

FB black shales

ArcheanBasemen

t

+ Reactionzones

InterformationalRedox

boundary

II.3 (HD) Hydrothermal - Diagenetic2.3b (HDBb) with basement/basin redox control

Diagenetic fluids :

same T, same

salinities as

unconformity

related deposits

� synmetamorphic deposits :U deposit generated during metamorphism, by metamorphic fluids

Criteria for recognition :

� evidences of relation between ore deposition and deformation

� age of metamorphism = age of the ore

� P,T cdts of metamorphism = P,T cdts of ore deposition

� fluid composition reflects host rock composition

II.4 (HMp) hydrothermal-metamorphic

≠ metamorphosed deposits≠ intrametamorphic deposits

II.4 (HMp) hydrothermal-metamorphic

Lufilian Belt

RDC & Zambia

(Shinkolobwe)

Na-metasomatism is a widespread geological process

occurs in a large variety of conditions,

but only some specific occurrences are associated with U ore genesis.

Affects large volume of rocks, along deep regional structures (several 10s km)

Mainly granites but also metasediments and metavolcanics.

U deposits associated with Na-metasomatism mainly between 2.0 and 1.5 Ga

as best exemplified by central Ukraine (180,000 t U) and Lagoa Real, Brazil

(100,000 t U, 0.12%).

Another Na-U event is associated with the Pan-African–Brazilian orogenesis

(500 ± 50 Ma) with much smaller deposits.

II.5 (HMt) Hydrothermal-metasomatic II.5a (HMtNa) Na-metasomatism



• III.1 (MB) Basal-type paleovalley or infiltration-type in Russia

• III.2 (MRf) Roll fronts








Zonality with Se behind thefront and Mo beyond U and V

III-2 (MRf) Intraformational meteoric fluid infiltration (roll front)

A GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF U-DEPOSITS (ii)


• III.1 (MB) Basal-type paleovalley or infiltration-type in Russia, Vitim district

• III.2 (MRf) Roll fronts Kazakhstan with over 1 M t U resources











• III.2 (MRf) Roll fronts Kazakhstan



• IV.2 (SRtm) Redox trapping in marine environments black shales.


• IV.4 (SCcr) Crystal-chemical and redox trapping phosphorites

- V (E) EVAPOTRANSPIRATION = calcretes

- VI (O) OTHER TYPES Olympic Dam Fe-ox Cu-Au(U-Ag) (IOCG) S. Aust.




• III.2 (MRf) Roll fronts Kazakhstan



• IV.2 (SRtm) Redox trapping in marine environments black shales.


• IV.4 (SCcr) Crystal-chemical and redox trapping phosphorites

- V (E) EVAPOTRANSPIRATION = calcretes Langer Heinrich, Namibia

- VI (O) OTHER TYPES Olympic Dam Fe-ox Cu-Au(U-Ag) (IOCG) S. Aust.

Granitebreccia

Geologic Map of the

Olympic DamIron Oxide

Copper-Gold+U (REE)(IOCG)deposit

2 U-richsources

Roxby Dawnsgranite

melting

MELTS / FLUIDS MANTLE

melting

SURFACE WATERSMeteoric

DIAGENETICFLUIDS

Calcretes /Lignite/Coal

Black shalesRollfront

TabularTectonolithologic

Unconformity

-

Breccia Pipes

U deposits relatedto sedimentary

basins

SkarnsAlaskites

Crust PartialMelting

Volcanic

U deposits relatedto magmatic SURFACE WATERS

Meteoric

DIAGENETICFLUIDS

Metamorphicfluids

Calcretes /Lignite/Coal

Tabular

Unconformity

Metamorphic H.T.

Na-metasomatism

Breccia Pipes

Metamorphic L.T.

Silicatemelts

SkarnsAlaskitesCrust partial

to magmatic

Crustal

MA

GM

ATIC

FR

AC

TIO

NAT

IONMAGMATIC

FLUIDS

rocks

MAGMATICFLUIDS

Magmatic-Hydrothermal

Fluids

rocks

Fract. cryst.

IOCG(U)

Veins

/Sea

Groundwaters

Formationwaters

/Sea

Groundwaters

Formationwaters

PhosphatesConglomerates

FluidMIXING

to metamorphismmelting

Subductionfluids

Mantle

U deposits related

uranium deposit types and classifications€¦ · uranium deposit types and classifications ......

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