urban 1
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Urban Urban GeographyGeography
Chapter 9Chapter 9
![Page 2: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
City – a conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics.
Urban-The buildup of the central city and the suburban realm – the city and the surrounding environs connected to the city.
![Page 3: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
20th Century-the Urban Century20th Century-the Urban Century
• 1900 only 13 cities had 1 million people
• 1999 about 362 cities had 1 million
• By 2025 there will be 650 cities of 1 million or more
• Sometime in 21st cent. The world will become mostly urban
• Western Europe, US & Canada are 4/5 urban
• China and India are only 3/10 urban
![Page 4: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Urban DefinitionsUrban Definitions• Urban-a general term for
towns, cities and suburban areas
• City-nucleated settlement with many functions and a central business district
• Town-small than a city-less complex
• Suburb-subsidiary area that is exclusively residential, commercial or industrial-not self sufficient.
![Page 5: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Urban MorphologyUrban MorphologyThe layout of a city, its
physical form and structure.
Berlin, Germany
With wall (above)
And without wall (right)
![Page 6: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ancient CitiesAncient Cities• Between 7,000 & 5,000
b.p. agricultural societies became more complex with irrigation & larger scale farming
• Stratified societies developed with priests, merchants, administrators, soldiers and farmers
• Central authority or the state developed which led to the rise of ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece & the Roman Empire.
![Page 7: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Urban DefinitionsUrban Definitions• Central City-main city around
which suburbs have grown• Urbanized area-continuously
built up area with buildings & population density with no reference to political boundaries
• Metropolitan area-a large scale functional entity containing several urbanized areas that are integrated as an economic whole
![Page 8: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Attributes of CitiesAttributes of Cities
• Centers of political power
• Centers of industrial power
• Centers of technology• A market place for
goods• Specialization in
products and services• Services of all types• Medical advances
• Cultural and Artistic pursuits
• Centers of education and research
• Entertainment of all types
• Sports teams, arenas and parks
• An anchor of society
![Page 9: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Five Hearths of UrbanizationFive Hearths of Urbanization
• Mesopotamia, 3500 BCE• Nile River Valley, 3200 BCE• Indus River Valley, 2200 BCE• Huang He and Wei River Valleys, 1500 BCE• Mesoamerica, 200 BCE
![Page 10: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Five Hearths of UrbanizationFive Hearths of Urbanization
In each of these hearths, an agricultural surplus and social stratification created the conditions necessary for cities to
form and be maintained.
![Page 11: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Function & LocationFunction & Location• Earliest civilizations probably
developed with the need for organization to create irrigation and provide enough food
• Availability of water, good farmland and defensible sites helped certain towns thrive
• Positions on travel & trade routes created urban growth.
• Urban elites or decision makers evolved.
• Writing made the codification of laws and record keeping possible.
![Page 12: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Maya and Aztec AmericaMaya and Aztec America
![Page 14: Urban 1](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062419/557dc78cd8b42a93718b45a2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Theocratic CentersTheocratic Centers• God-kings or theocratic
rulers developed in some ancient cities.
• Priests, temples and shrines took center stage in the Yucatan, Guatemala and Honduras when the Maya Indians developed the great cities of Tikal, Chichen-Itza, Uxmal and Copan.
• They also served as educational centers with teachers and philosophers