URBAN EXTRAS

CITY TYPES Emerging cities- cities experiencing

population growth as well as increasing economic and political clout throughout their region

Ex. Shanghai

Gateway city- connect two areas and serve as a gateway between them

Connect two cultures and serve as a cultural point of entry

Ex. Ellis Island in New York Harbor b/c it is an entry point for immigrants (it’s a national park today b/c was point of entry for European immigrants)

Sydney, Australia is a gateway city b/c its where immigrants enter Australia

San Francisco b/c millions of Chinese have entered through San

Francisco

FESTIVAL LANDSCAPE Space within an urban environment

that can accommodate a large number of people; can be decorated and used for celebrations

Ex; Central Park in New York City

EASTERN U.S. CITIES Built before the automobile, so their

streets tend to be narrow and parking is usually done in alleys

Residential areas are tightly packed b/c of dense populations

Most have some type of mass transportation

WESTERN U.S. CITIES Cities in west are much more spread

out them cities in the east Homes are often more spread out as

well & have both front and back yards (homes in east don’t typically have front yards b/c of lack of space)

Rely on automobiles instead of mass transportation

Many cities in the west use the grid street system

Streets run east/west and north/south, creating a grid pattern on the landscape

These streets are often named first, second, third, etc

North/South streets may be called Avenues

FOUR STAGES OF U.S. CITIES Stage 1: The sail-wagon period.

1790-1830 Only means of international trade was

sailing ships Once goods were on land, they were

hauled by wagon to their final destination

Stage 2: The iron-horse period. 1830-1870

The railroad transported goods and people in this period

Stage 3: The steel-rail period 1870-1920 Steel was the primary building material in the U.S. Mining its raw materials and manufacturing and

transporting it provided many jobs Stage 4: The auto-air–amenity period 1920-

1960 The engine transformed the American landscape

with the automobile People could commute and live farther form city Airplane meant goods could be exported quicker

WHITE FLIGHT Movement of white, middle-class

people away from the inner city to the suburbs

EUROPEAN CITIES Much older than U.S. cities and have a

different structure Rome and Athens date back as far as

3,000 years ago

ZONING LAWS 1) residential- for housing 2) commercial- for business or retail 3) industrial- for manufacturing plants In Europe zones are often intermixed Ex: commercial on the bottom floor and

apartments on the upper floors Structures in U.S. are zoned for only

one

European cities were built when the automobile was still hundreds of years in the future

Designed primarily for foot traffic, city streets are narrow

GREENBELTS Rural areas that are set aside to

prevent development from expanding too far outwards

Prevalent in the United Kingdom London has a greenbelt that is over

5,000 sq. kilometers Prevent in-filling, the process of cities

that are close to each merging together