urban forests: full of energy · robert , uri be, dragan maa, ina m, uka ee 92 . efuf urban forests...
TRANSCRIPT
URBAN FORESTS: FULL OF ENERGY
22nd European Forum on Urban Forestry (EFUF2019)
May 22-24, 2019 Cologne, Germany
Book of Abstracts
EDITOR IN CHIEF
Rik De �reese
TECHNICAL EDITORS
�t�iar Aguinaga Gil � Maria �c�lossmac�er
COVER DESIGN
�aura Rico Gil � Grap�ic Designer
ricog�laura�gmail�com
#EFUF2019 BLOG
efuf2019��ordpress�com
Cologne Green Belt� �ermann �c�iefer
WELCO�E
For o�er 20 years, t�e European Forum on Urban Forestry (EFUF) is a uni�ue meeting place for practitioners,
managers, planners, arc�itects, researc�ers, public aut�orities and policy makers to s�are interdisciplinary
e�perience and good practices �it�in t�e field of urban greening, urban forests and urban forestry�
Urban forests are �ibrant places for multifaceted recreational acti�ities, social gat�ering and mental
restoration, but also pro�ide biomass for an urban bioeconomy� �it� t�e aim of connecting science to
practice, t�e 22nd European Forum on Urban Forestry (EFUF 2019) e�plores in Cologne four ma�or urban
forestry t�emes t�roug� a combination of indoor talks, outdoor e�cursions and socialising acti�ities� ��ose
t�emes are� Th� H�althy For�st (sports, �ealt� and �ell-being), Th� Spiritual For�st (culture, religion and art),
Th� L�arnin� For�st (laboratories and education) and Th� �o���si�n�� For�st (go�ernance, management and
planning)�
��e �enue of t�is years� conference (t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne) is t�e perfect location to e�plore
energetic interactions of trees and �uman beings� Moreo�er, it is situated in t�e Cologne Green Belt (��nneren
und �u�eren Gr�ng�rtel�) and at �alking distance of t�e Cologne Forest �aboratory (��aldlabor�) ��ic� �as
been establis�ed in 2010�
��ese ingredients pro�ide t�e perfect mi� for t�e 2019 edition of t�e European Forum on Urban Forestry� �n
name of t�e organising institutions, t�e local organisation committee, t�e programme committee and t�e
international steering group for t�e European Forum on Urban Forestry, � in�ite you to e�c�ange kno�ledge
and to e�plore energetic interactions bet�een trees and �uman beings during our e�ent� �oget�er �e may
disco�er t�at urban forests are full of energy and energise people and e�perts�
�e �is� you a fruitful e�ent�
D� R�� D� V����� � �urop�an For�st �nstitut�
C���� D����� � �hair o� th� �F�F int�rnational st��rin� �roup
2
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
EFUF 2019
O��������� ������������
�� Ministry for En�ironment, Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort�
R�ine-�estfalia
�� German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
�� European Forest �nstitute (EF�) � Bonn �ffice
�� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity
�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts at G�ttingen (��A�), Germany
�� City of Cologne
��������� ���������
�� ���� D� G���� W����� �European Forest �nstitute Bonn, Germany
�� ���� D� C���� ������������ � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia, Canada
�� ���� D� F���� L������� � R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Germany
�� D� S����� T��� � German �port Uni�ersity Cologne, Germany
�� ���� D� L���� T�������� � �U�E, Finland
�� D� B����� W����B�������� � Urban Green �olylogue, ��it�erland
�� D� ������� B���� � �ffice for �andscape Management and Green Areas, City �f Cologne, Germany
�� D� ������ ���������� � Ministry For En�ironment, Agriculture, �ature And Consumer �rotection of t�e
Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estfalia, Germany
�� C���� D����� � European Forum �n Urban Forestry, U�
�� D� A����� V����� � �naga, ��ubl�ana, �lo�enia
�� D� S������� S��������� � �A��, G�ttingen, Germany
�� D� R�� D� V����� �European Forest �nstitute, Bonn, Germany
F�����������
�� �oyota Deutsc�land
�� ��eirad-Einkaufs-Genossensc�aft (�EG)
�� Federal Forest (Bundesforst)
�� German Federal En�ironmental Foundation (Deutsc�e Bundesstiftung Um�elt)
�F�F���� is �a�ilitat�� �y th� �����rs o� th� �nt�rnational St��rin� �o��itt�� o� th� �urop�an Foru� on
�r�an For�stry� �F�F���� is an �� �r��n ���� �artn�r ���nt�
�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
CONTENTS
��������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9
V���� ��� E�������� S���� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1�
������� T���� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1�
T�� C������ ������ ��� ����� ������ �oac�im BAUER ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19
L�������� ��� ������ ������������ Roland GU��A����� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20
L������ ����� ������� ���������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ����� ����� � ����� �������� Arne AR�BERGER ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21
O������� �� ��� ��������� �� ��� 1�� W���� F���� �� U���� F������� Mic�ela C���G��AR�, �imone B�RE��� and Fabio �A�B��A�� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22
I����������� �� W�������� ���� � ����������� ��� ��� ������ �� ����� ������� Frank ���RBERG �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22
U���� F������� N��������� �� E����� Bianca B�R��C�ER ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24
C���������� ������������ ���������: A� ����� ����� ������ ����������� �orien �E�B���, Cecil ������E�D���, Mic�ael ME���ER, Cynt�ia G�R���G and �tep�en ��E��ARD ����������������������� 2�
S������ T��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2�
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A��������
S������ 1�1 � T�� H������ F����� � �ports ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �1
A������ ��� S����������: � ����������� ���� ����� �������� �� ���������� ��������������� ��������� �� ����������� �� ��� ����� �������� ������ � A ������������� ����� �����
�erylee ����E�-A��EMA�� and �ud�ig A��CE ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
A �������� �� ��������� �������� �������� �� � ������� ����������� ��� �0 ������� � ��� ������ �0 ���� �� B������ F�������
�atriina �����, �ien CR�M���U�, �aren �ER���F� �ER���F�, Myriam DE B�E and Bert DE ��M��E�E ���������������� �4
������� � � ������� ��� ��������� ��� ��� ����� ������� �erys ���E� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
�������� ������ �� ����� ���������� � ���������� �� ������������ ����� ��������� �������� ����� ���������� ����������� ������� �GIS�
�om �E�D�ER and �tefan ��EBER� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��
R����������� T���� N������� ��� �TB ��� S����� U�� �� � T��� ��� U���� F����� ���������� �om�� ��A�����A, �ai ��EBDRA�� and Ale�ander AR�AC� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
S������ 1�2 � T�� H������ ������ � �ealt� � �ell-being ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �9
I�������� H������: W�� C����� S����� I���������� F����� T������ � B�������� D����� I��� ��� U���� F����� Da�id M���E�BEC�ER ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41
F����� S����� ������� �� ��������� E������� ����������� ���� ������� ����� ��������� �������� �������� ��� ������
����������� �o �A�ER�, �oe �����E� and �ynne B�DD� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 42
4
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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G���� C��� FOREST
Fran�iska �RA��ER ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4�
N����� ���������� �� B������� ����� ������� ��� ����� ������ ��� ���������� �itali�a �����A����E �E�R� and �atriina ����� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 44
I���������� �������� ������ ��������������� ���� �������������� ������ ���������� � � ��� �������� �essa �EGE��C��E��ER, C�ristop� F��C�ER and Marcel �U����ER ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4�
S������ ��������� �� ����� ���������: L������ ��������� �������� �� ���������� ��� ���������������� ��������������� �� ������� ��������������
�ina GER��E�BERG, C�ristop� F� BAUME���ER, Ulric� �C�RAM� and �obias ���E���GER �������������������������������������� 4�
A S���� �� ��� I��������� �� A������ �� U���� F����� �� ����� �������� �yung-Rae ��M, �ae-�ee ��M, �eong-�ak �� and �oung-�i �A� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4�
I����� �� �������� W���� �� ���� � ����� �� ������ ��������� ������ � ��������� ������ ���� �������� Renate EDER, Brigitte A��E�, �amara �C��AGBAUER, �ans-�eter �U��ER, �isbet� �E��E��FE�DER, �at�rin
�EMMERER, ��ifra ��A�RA�� �A�A��, �eter �A���ER, Claudia �C�M�GER, �eter �A���ER, �illy DAMM and Arne
AR�BERGER���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4�
E����� �� U���� ������ L�������� ���������� �� ����������� ���������� �� S���� �������� �ae-�ee ��M, �yung-Rae ��M and �eong-�ak �� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 49
S������ 2 � T�� S�������� F����� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �1
N�� ����� ������� ��� ������� � ��������� ��� ��������� ������� �� ����� �������� ��� ��� ������ ���� �� ���������� ������ �������������� ��������
Alan ��M��� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
F������ F������: B������ ������� ��� ������ Andreas BER�A�C��� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �4
T�� S�������� U���� F����� � � ������� �� ������������ Cecil ������E�D������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
C��������� ���� ����������� ����� ������ �� ������������ ����� ������� Romena �U� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
�C��� ���� � ���� ���� ��� E�������� ������� ������� ������ ���������� ��� ��������� � � ����������� ����� �� ����� ���������� �� �����������
�ibylle R��� and Andy �E��ER ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
�B���� ������� � ����������� ��������� ��� ��������� ���������� �� � ���� �� ��� ����� �tep�anie BE��MA�� and E�a B�A��E ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
B������� ������� ���������� �� ������ �� C���� �������� ������� R������ �������� Ana ���A and �ladimir B�C���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �9
S����� R������ ������ �� L��������: R�������� �������� �������� �atalin �UBA and Ge�a �E�EME� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �0
F����� �������� ������������ ��� ������ ���������� �� ����� ������� ��������� �� B������ ������ �������� �itali�a �����A����E �E�R� and �atriina ����� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �1
S������ ��1 � T�� L������� F����� � Forest �aboratories ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
W������� � U���� ������� �� ��������� ���� ��� ������������ ������ ������ �ulia G�C��E ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
W������������� �������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ��� �������� ������ ���������� �oost ME�ER ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
D������ T����������: W������� ���� ����� A������ S������� ���� Robin ����GR��D ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
E������������ ���� ���������� ��� �������������� �� ��� A����� L�������� L���������
�tefan Darlan B�R�� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
S������ ��2 � T�� L������� F����� � En�ironmental Education ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �1
E������������ ��������� �� ����� ��������� �� ��� R��� ���� �������� �erena ��E�U��, �atrin �C��E�DER, Corinne BUC� and �eter �E�� �������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��
A���� ��� ������� �� � �������������� ���������� ������ �� �������������� �� ��� ����� ����� �� ����� ���� �li�er BA��E ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �4
G���� L������� E����������� � T������ ���� ���� �������� �������� ��� ���������� �������� �� ��� �������
����������� ��� �������� ���� ������� ����������� ����� Ur�a ����AR, �efton B����, Alyson B����R��D, �ien CR�M���U�, �an ��BE�, Gudrun DE GRAU�E, Rik DE
�REE�E, �aleri�a E� �ABA���, �atali�a G��RE�, E�eline �E��DR�C��, �ika ���ME��, �ynne �EDGARD, �esna
M�RE, �aul ���A�, �ristien ��M�, �o�ica �E����, Gregor ��D���, �o �A�ER�, Mar�eta �M�D, �erry ���G, �eerle
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Malinda �A��A�AMGE, �iana G�A��, Amy ��M and Ayan �A��A� AMA� �������������������������������������������������������������� ��
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C������� �� ��T��� E�������� U���� F����� ���������� T������: T������ ��T��� ������� ���� C�������A������� ��������� �������� ���������� ���������� ��� ������� ��� S���� U���� F�����
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�inga ��ER��E� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9�
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Minna �ER��, �u�a RA����, Mari �A����, �eli �U�R��AM�� and �imo ����� �������������������������������������������������������� 10�
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LIFE URBANGREEN � �� ���������� ������������� �������� �� ������� ���������� �� ����� ����� ��� ������ ������� ����������
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W�������� ������� ����������� ��� ��������� ������ �� ������������ �L�������� ���� ������ Remigi�us �A��AU��A� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10�
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C����� ��������� �� ���� ���� ���������� ����� �D L�DAR ����� ������ ��� ��� ������ �� ��������� �������� �������� �� ����� �� R�������� ������ ��������
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U���� T����� �������� ������ ��� A��������� E�������������E������� B������� � D������ I������ �ine ���GA� and Gerald M���� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11�
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�a�ier �R��G��A, �atricia GARC�A, Elena ARGE��C� and Antoni FARRER� ������������������������������������������������������������� 11�
W��� ��������� ������ I������ ������: ����� ��������� ���� �� ����� ������������ Gio�anni �RE��A����, ��omas CAM�AG�AR�, �aolo �EME��A�� and �ommaso �����A ���������������������������������� 11�
T� ���� ����� ��� ���� �� WILD: ��� G��������� �������� G���� �B������� G�i� ��EGE�, Miguel BER�E���� and Mieke �C�AU���EGE ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 119
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T�� L�������� G���� N������: � ��� ���� ��� �������� �� L������� �uisa �EDRA����� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 121
O��������� ��������� �������� ��������� ����� �������� ���� ������� ��� ���� ����� ������ Mo�ammad A RA�MA�, Astrid M��ER-RE��C��, ��omas R���ER and �tep�an �AU�E�� ������������������������������������ 122
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0���0 � 09��0 � R�����������, �ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
O�ENING SESSION � Moderator� �rof Dr Georg ����E� (European Forest �nstitute, EF�)
�ocation� �ecture �all 2 (��rsaal 2)
09��0 - 09�4� � O�ENING by �rof Dr Georg ����E� (EF�), Mrs� Renate ����� (Ministry for En�ironment,
Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia) and Ms
�erys ���E� (�nternational �teering Group EFUF)
09�4� � 10��0 � WORDS OF WELCO�E
�� Mr �ubert �A��ER (Director-General of Forestry, �ature Conser�ation, Ministry for En�ironment, Agriculture,
�ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia)
�� Mrs� �enriette RE�ER (�ord Mayor of Cologne)
�� �rof Dr �eiko ��R�DER (Rector of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)
10��0 � 11�00 � �EYNOTE
�� Dr �oac�im BAUER (Deputy �ead of t�e �ffice for �andscape Management and Green Areas of t�e City of
Cologne) � �r�an ����lop��nt �olo�n� � Histori�al ����lop��nt o� th� �r��n ��lt
11�00 � 11��0 � COFFEE BREA�
�ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
11��0 � 12�4� � �EYNOTES �����������
�� �rof Dr Roland GU��A����� (��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences) � Lan�s�ap� an� �or�st
la�oratori�s
�� �rof Dr Arne AR�BERGER (Uni�ersity of �atural Resources and �ife �ciences, Austria) - Lin�in� ur�an
out�oor r��r�ation �ith h�alth ��n��its on a �ity s�al� l���l � a �irst approa�h
�� Mrs� Mic�ela C���G��AR� (Food and Agriculture �rganisation of t�e United �ations) et al� - �ut�o��s o�
an� �ollo��up to th� �st �orl� Foru� on �r�an For�stry ��anto�a� �o�����r �����
12�4� � 14�00 � LUNCH
�ocation� Mensa (Canteen) of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
14�00 � 1���0 � E�CURSIONS �� ��� Cologn� ����n ��l�
Departure point� in front of t�e �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
19�00 � 21�00 � BUSINESS �EETING �� ��� EFUF I������������ S������� G���� (on in�itation only)
�ocation� �nstitutsgeb�ude � (�G �, Building �), Room 114 (first floor))
���������
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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T�������� 2� ���
0��1� � 10��0 � �LENARY SESSION � Moderator� �rof Dr Cecil ������E�D��� (Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia,
Canada)
�ocation� �ecture �all 2 (��rsaal 2)
�� �rof Dr Frank ���RBERG (R��� Aac�en, Germany) � �ntro�u�tion to �al�la�or
�� Dr Bianca B�R��C�ER (Urban Green �olylogue, ��it�erland) � �r�an For�stry �arrati��s in �urop�
�� Dr �orien �E�B��� (Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia, Canada) � �o��r�atin� natur���as�� solutions
�� 10�00 � 10��0 � �OSTER SESSION � L�������� ������ get a snaps�ot of t�e posters at display in one-
minute teaser talks by t�e poster aut�ors
Th� post�rs ar� on �isplay in th� lo��y �ro� ���n�s�ay ����� until Fri�ay �����
10��0 � 11�00 � COFFEE BREA�
�ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
11�00 � 12�4� � �ARALLEL SESSIONS
�� SESSION 1�1 � S����� ��� �������
�ession C�air� Dr �tefan ��R� (German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)
�ocation� �eminar Room �0
�� SESSION 2 � S�������� F������
�ession C�air� �rof Dr �aolo �EME��A�� (Uni�ersity of �adua, �taly)
�ocation� �eminar Room �1
�� SESSION ��1 � L������� F����� � F����� L�����������
�ession C�air� �rof Dr Frank ���RBERG (R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Germany)
�ocation� �eminar Room �2
�� SESSION ��1� � C��D�����: G��������� �I�
�ession C�air� �aomi ��RC�ER (Aerbor Aegis, ��it�erland)
�ocation� �eminar Room ��
�� SESSION ��� � O������ �������������
�ession C�air� �rof Dr �teffen RU�� (Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts, G�ttingen, Germany)
�ocation� to be decided
�� ���� �����on � A ����� �� � ������� � �o� can cities retain e�isting trees and plant more trees on
pri�ate lands� � Con�enor� Dr Camilo �RD��E� (Uni�ersity of Melbourne, Australia)
�ocation� D���, �nstitutsgeb�ude � (�G �, Building �), Room 114 (first floor)
12�4� � 14�00 � LUNCH
�ocation� Mensa (Canteen) of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
14�00 � 1���0 � AFTERNOON �ROGRA��E
Meeting point � bus pickup� �arking �a�n�iese, �unkersdorfer �trasse (in front of Building �G �)
�� 14�00 � 1��00 � �ransport to t�e e�cursion �enue by bus
�� 1��00 � 1��00 � �arallel e�ents
�� E�cursion � �ature reser�e �ahn�r H�i�� and �ut L�i��nhaus�n
�� SESSION �� 2 � T�� L������� F����� � E������������ E�������� (�ut L�i��nhaus�n)
�ession C�airs� Dr �tefanie ��E��EBAC� (Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts, G�ttingen,
Germany) � Anna C��ER (�ffice for �andscape Management and Green Areas, City of Cologne)
�� Forest Minded �orks�op at �ut L�i��nhaus�n �it� �atriina ����� (ForestMinded, Belgium �
Finland)
���������
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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19��0 � 2��00 � EVENING �ROGRA��E
�� �ocial Dinner at �ut L�i��nhaus�n (registration re�uired), return transport by bus to city centre and
German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
F������ 2� ���
0���0 � 11�00 � �ARALLEL SESSIONS
�� SESSION 1�2 � H����� ��� ����������
�ession C�air� Dr �tefan ��R� (German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)
�ocation� �eminar Room �0
�� SESSION ��1� � C��D�����: G��������� �II�
�ession C�air� �an ����E�EAD (R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Germany)
�ocation� �eminar Room �1
�� SESSION ��2 � C��D�����: ����������
�ession C�air� �o�n �AR�ER (�ransport for �ondon)
�ocation� �eminar Room �2
�� SESSION ��� � C��D�����: ��������
�ession C�air� Dr Andreas BER�A�C��� (�an Bern)
�ocation� �eminar Room ��
11�00 � 11��0 � COFFEE BREA�
�ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)
11��0 � 12�4� � CLOSURE �� EFUF 2019 � moderator� Mrs� Renate ����� (Ministry for En�ironment,
Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia)
�ocation� �ecture �all 2 (��rsaal 2)
�� Concluding remarks by Cli�e DA��E� (C�air EFUF �nternational �teering Group)
�� Feedback from t�e EFUF �nternational �teering Group (Cli�e DA��E�)
�� �ntroduction to EFUF2020 (�rof Alan ��M���)
�� �oung Urban Forester of t�e �ear A�ard (�UFA) (Cli�e DA��E�)
�� �ntroduction to t�e �al�la�or e�cursion (�rof Frank ��R�BERG, R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity)
12�4� � 14�00 � LUNCH
�ocation� Mensa (Canteen) of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
14�00 � 1��00 � E�CURSIONS �� ��� ��l�l��o� ��ln
Departure point� in front of t�e �obby
��ematic focus� �resentation of t�e results of t�e student forest �orks�op and discussion on �o� to make
t�e urban forest a public space�
1��00 � 19�00 � EVENING �ROGRA��E
Concluding snack at t�e �aldlabor (�oint e�ent �it� t�e �tudent �aldlabor �orks�op participants)
���������
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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S�������� 2� ��� � �����C��������� E�������� D����������
0���0 Bus lea�es from German �port Uni�ersity Cologne (�arking �a�n�iese)
09��0 �isit to EF� Bonn (�it� coffee and croissant)
10�1� Bus lea�es from EF� to ��nings�inter
11�1� Arri�al at Drac�enfels (�ttp�������der-drac�enfels�de�)
12��0 �alk to t�e Museum
1��00 �isit to t�e German Museum for �ature Conser�ation �istory (��uts�h�s �us�u� ��r
�aturs�hut���s�hi�ht�)
1��1� Bus lea�es to Cologne-Bonn airport and ��ln
1���� Arri�al in Cologne-Bonn airport (CG�)
1��1� Arri�al at Cologne Central station (��ln �bf)
V���� ��� E�������� S����
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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V���� ��� E�������� S���� T�� G����� S���� U��������� C������ �osts t�e 22nd European Forum on Urban Forestry� �eynotes, plenary
sessions and most parallel sessions �ill be �eld �it�in t�e uni�ersity premises, ��ile e�cursions �ill take place
in t�e surrounding areas of Cologne� Field trips include guided �isits t�roug�� t�e Cologne �uter Green Belt,
t�e �aldlabor ��ln (Forest �aboratory of Cologne), t�e �a�ner �eide �ature Reser�e and t�e Gut
�eiden�ausen �istorical manor�
C������ O���� G���� B���
Cologne Green Belt� City of Cologne
Mi�ed deciduous forests, meado�s and ponds
c�aracterise Cologne�s largest recreation area,
��ic� �as been created in t�e last 100 years� �oday
it is an outstanding e�ample of t�e implementation
of a co�erent green system in urban space�
Cologne�s urban planning situation up to t�e
beginning of t�e 1920s �as s�aped by t�e fortress
conditions of t�e city� ��e outer fortress area
enclosed t�e left and rig�t bank of t�e R�ine, and
it needed to be destroyed according to t�e �reaty
of �ersailles� After t�e abolition of t�e fortress, t�e
Federal C�ancellor �onrad Adenauer (Cologne�s
�ord Mayor bet�een 191� � 19��) decided to
de�elop of an urban green system instead of t�e
establis�ment of culti�ars� Frit� �c�umac�er,
Director of Construction of t�e City of �amburg,
planned a radial green system t�at surrounded t�e
city and �as connected to t�e city centre by green
corridors in order to create a �entilation system�
��e con�ersion of t�e fortress belt into a green belt
�as essentially carried out in t�o construction
p�ases as part of emergency �ork �it� t�e
unemployed bet�een 1919 and 1929� ��e site �as
di�ided into different �ones� an allotment garden
�one ad�oined to t�e city�s buildings, a �one of
playgrounds and sports facilities follo�ed by a
military ring road ��ic� merges into a free
afforested green area� ��e fact t�at t�e green belt
�as laid out on t�e former fortress site and t�at
some of t�e design of t�e fortifications could be
integrated is of importance in terms of �eritage
conser�ation��
��ile forests �ere sacrificed for urban
de�elopment purposes in ot�er cities after t�e
�econd �orld �ar, Cologne took t�e opposite
pat� in its green policy� �n t�e mid-19�0s, t�e city
began a ma�or reforestation programme (grap�
belo�)� ��e �uter Green Belt �as e�panded by
afforesting agricultural lands and creating t�e
Forest Botanical Garden� Forests �ere establis�ed
ne�t to industrial plants and along motor�ays to
protect against �isual disturbance and air pollution,
and �ater protection forests �ere establis�ed�
�oday, �it� a forest area of 4�000 �a, Cologne is
one of t�e largest municipal forest o�ners in �ort�
R�ine-�estp�alia (see Fact Bo� p�1�)�
0
1000
2000
�000
4000
�000
19�� 19�� 19�0 1992 200� 2014
Y���
D���������� �� ��� ������ ���� ����� �� ��� C��� �� C������ ������ R����E�������
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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W�������� ���� � F����� L��������� ��
C������
�n 2010, along a stretc� of t�e Cologne Green Belt,
t�e City of Cologne and its sponsors installed t�e
�aldlabor ��ln (Forest �aboratory of Cologne) to
test out inno�ati�e forms of urban forestry in t�e
face of climate c�ange and c�anging society,
greatly inspired by t�e landscape laboratory in
Alnarp, ��eden� �t is di�ided in four ma�or �ones�
t�e Energy Forest, t�e �eople�s Forest, t�e Climate
C�ange Forest and t�e �ilderness Forest�
For t�e moment, t�e Energy Forest is t�e most
operational �one of t�e �aldlabor� �t is a full scale
e�periment ��ere energy production is part of t�e
recreational landscape� Fast gro�ing species are
pruned, cut and trimmed into temporary forest
spaces resulting in dynamic and dramatic designs�
��e area �as a rotation cycle of t�o to fi�e years
and t�us c�anges tend to �appen �uickly� sculpted
landscapes and pat�s disappear �it� �ar�ests�
��roug� cooperation �it� R��� Uni�ersity of
Aac�en, researc�ers e�plore not only t�e spatial
�ualities, but also �o� to best communicate �it�
t�e public regarding e�perimentation, process and
outcomes�
�aldlabor ��ln 201�� City of Cologne
��e ot�er �ones of t�e �aldlabor de�elop o�er a
longer time span� ��e �eople�s Forest aims to
introduce e�perimental compositions to create
ne� e�periences in an urban forest open to
e�eryone� �pecific seasonal �ualities and
de�elopment stages are under scrutiny, and t�e
attention of t�e public is dra�n to e�periencing
aest�etic aspects suc� as blossom, fall foliage and
leaf s�apes� ��e trees �a�e been sponsored
indi�idually by local citi�ens�
��e Climate C�ange Forest allo�s t�e study of
droug�t resistant species� �n t�e face of global
�arming and t�e e�pectation of droug�t
conditions, t�is �one mimics Cologne�s urban
en�ironment to allo� t�e e�aluation of site-
specific species for future use�
��e �ilderness Forest is a control �one �it� no
�uman influence� �ere, one can learn about �o�
unstaffed and unmaintained urban forests
de�elop� ��is process s�o�s t�e effects of
absentee management, but also �ig�lig�ts t�e
�ualities of �ilderness�
��e �aldlabor �osts �orks�ops ��ere students
are allo�ed to camp on site and inter�ene �it� t�e
management of t�e area� As suc�, parallel to and
in cooperation �it� EFUF 2019, t�e �nstitute of
�andscape Arc�itecture (R��� Aac�en) de�elops a
�ands-in �nternational �aldlabor �tudent
�orks�op to learn about t�e e�perimental
c�aracter of t�e site
W����� H���� N����� R������ ��� G��
L����������� ���������� �����
�oget�er, ��nigsforst and �a�ner �eide nature
reser�es constitute one of t�e biggest natural
conser�ation areas of European importance in
�ort� R�ine-�estp�alia (�A�URA 2000 area)� ��e
large, co�erent natural area is a substantial
recreation area in t�e Cologne�Bonn region, ��ic�
accommodates nearly 1�� million in�abitants�
��e �a�ner �eide is a 4000 �ectare large nature
reser�e and t�e second-largest of its kind in �ort�
R�ine-�estp�alia, a German federal state� �t is
co�ered by �arious types of �egetation, mostly by
deciduous forest but also by grasses on open �eat�
s�uares� As �ig� as its �ariety in soil types is also its
biodi�ersity, it is considered one of t�e most
species-ric� ones in t�e ��ole country� For
V���� ��� E�������� S����
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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instance, t�ere are gi�en more t�an �00 species
endangered by e�tinction�
��e nort� is a former military training area, today
part of t�e �ational �atural �eritage of t�e Federal
Republic of Germany and o�ned by t�e Deutsc�e
Bundesstiftung Um�elt� ��e sout� of t�e �a�ner
�eide is still used as a military training area by t�e
Bundes�e�r� ��roug� military use and targeted
maintenance and conser�ation measures, special
biotopes t�at pro�ide �abitats for many
endangered animal and plant species �a�e been
de�eloped and preser�ed� First efforts to protect
t�e area date back to t�e 19t� century� ��e �ide
open spaces are kept open by goats, Glan cattle,
donkeys and �ater buffalos� ��e core �one in t�e
military training area must not be entered, in order
to ensure t�e military security restrictions ��ic�
also �elps to preser�e t�e nature and di�ersity of
�a�ner �eide�
�n order to manage t�e access to t�e area and to
inform �isitors about its e�traordinary �uality, four
�isitor centres �ere establis�ed in 2010 �it�in t�e
frame�ork of regional cooperation, namely� Gut
�eiden�ausen in ��ln-�or�� Burg �issem in
�roisdorf� �urm�of in R�srat�� and, Forst�aus
�tein�aus in Bergisc�-Gladbac�� Eac� of t�ese
centres �as its o�n e��ibition topic t�at co�ers
�aluable information about t�e multiple facets of
t�e natural reser�e�
Gut �eiden�ausen �as a strategical location rig�t at
t�e interface bet�een t�e urban area and t�e
natural en�ironment of t�e �a�ner �eide�
�riginating as a knig�ts� manor, t�e building �as
mentioned in 1�29 as t�e property of �ermann �on
Deut�, making it one of t�e oldest �eritage sites of
t�e to�n of Eil and t�us t�e city of Cologne� �t
constituted t�e administrati�e centre for t�e ��ole
region bet�een Bergisc� Gladbac� and �iegburg
until 1�0�� �t �as reno�ated in t�e 19t� century
and �as e�tended in t�e 1920s and 19�0s
according to t�e plans of �ud�ig �affendorf� �n
19��, t�e city of Cologne ac�uired t�e estate �it�
a total area si�e of 1�0 �ectares� ��e municipal
forestry commission office con�erted t�e
surrounding territory into an area designated for
public and ecological recreation� Among ot�ers,
particularly compelling attractions are bot� a
reser�e for red deer and �ild boars, and a nursing
�ard for o�ls and ot�er birds of prey�
Gut �eiden�ausen� R� �c�alle�n
�oday, t�e municipal estate is �ome to nature-
related associations t�at conduct common
en�ironmental education acti�ities� ��e barn and
stables �ere reconstructed into a multifunctional
conference room t�at ser�es to �ost nature-
related educational and cultural e�ents, as �ell as
local e��ibitions to inform �isitors about t�e
surrounding area� Gut �eiden�ausen also �osts t�e
�c�ut�gemeinsc�aft Deutsc�er �ald ��ln e���
(�D�) forest sc�ool, ��ic� is attended by more
t�an �000 c�ildren e�ery year� As suc�, Gut
�eiden�ausen �as been an en�ironmental
education centre for Cologne since 201��
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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THE FOREST OF THE CITY OF COLOGNE � FACT BO�
C���� ���� � ��12� ������� ����
�� Forest o�ners�ip City of Cologne� ����0 �a (��2�� �a �ooded)
�� Forest o�ners�ip R�einEnergie (municipal utility)� 4�� �a (��0 �a �ooded)
G���� �� ��� C������ ������������ F������� A�������������
�� Forest conser�ation and afforestation
�� De�elopment of a (near-)natural, stable forest t�roug� close-to-nature management according to t�e principles of t�e F�C� (certified since 2001) �it� special consideration of t�e recreational and protecti�e function�
�� Attracti�e offer of recreational facilities
�� Ac�ie�ement of cost reco�ery contributions t�roug� t�e marketing of �ood, etc�
H������ �� ������ ���������
�� Reforestation in t�e 20t� century (�uter Green Belt 1919 to 1929, post-�ar reforestation from 19�0)
�� �urc�ase of pri�ate forest �it� t�e aim of creating recreational and protecti�e forests in t�e city (�ater-, immission-, and noise protection)
T��� �������
�� Mi�ed �ard�ood stands ric� in species, ratio bet�een �ard�ood and coniferous �ood �0�20�
A�� ���������� ������ ������ ������� �������
�� �� � of t�e forest is younger t�an 90 years
�� �imber stock� 190 m���a
�� �ncrement� actual increment� �,9 m���a�year, a�erage increment� �,2 m���a
�� Actual timber �ar�est mainly t�inning ��000 -10�000 m��year (possible sustainable �ar�est� 4,4 m���a, 14�000 m��year)
F����� ���������� ��� ������ ������� 414 km borders along roads�rail�ays�buildings �a�e to be controlled e�ery year
W��������� ����� �20 �a (1�� natural forest de�elopment areas)
S������ ������ ����������
�� Forest botanical garden and �Friedens�ald�, �0 �a
�� Forest laboratory 2� �a (climate forest, energy forest, con�ertible forest, �ilderness forest)
�� �indent�al Animal park� fallo� deer, pet animals (goats, donkeys, �cottis� �ig�land cattle, s�eep, poultry)
�� Game �ark D�nn�ald� bison, fallo� deer, mouflon, �ild boar
�� �ildlife enclosure Br�ck� red deer, �ild boar
�� Recreation area Gut �eiden�ausen �it� game reser�e (red deer, �ild boar), large nature playground, a�enue of annual trees
�� Forest pedagogy� Forest sc�ool in accordance �it� �c�ut�gemeinsc�aft Deutsc�er �ald Cologne, mobile forest sc�ool in social �otspots (planned from 2019)�
F����� ���������� ������������
�� Forest management �ead office� 1 forestry officer,1 administrati�e officer
�� 1 forest engineer �it� focus on forest pedagogy
�� 2 forest districts (eac� about 2�000 �a) �it� 2 forest engineers, 2 forestry foremen (F�M)
�� Forest maintenance unit (1 forest engineer, 2 F�M, 2 tree inspectors, 14 forestry �orkers, 4 trainees, 2 �elte skidders) carries out forest �ork as a functional unit across all districts� �n addition, pri�ate forestry companies are used (use of logging �orses in t�e �Cologne logging procedure�, appro�� ��000 m��year)�
�� �taff for recreational facilities� 1 master gardener, � animal keepers, 2 gardeners, 1 forestry �orker, 1 carpenter
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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T�� C������ ������ ��� ����� ������
Dr-�ng �oac�im BAUER
�n�������on� �ffice for �andscape Management and Green �paces of t�e City of Cologne- Germany
��o��� �orn in ����� �r� �n�� �oa�hi� �au�r stu�i�� lan� �ana����nt at th� T� Hanno��r� Fro� ���� to���� h� �or���
as a t�a�h�r in �ar��nin� an� lan�s�apin�� �ollo��� �y a position as lan�s�ap� plann�r at �a��rs�hall� ��hr�r an� ��t�rs
in �onn �a���o��s��r� ������������ �urin� ��������� h� �or��� as a ��s�ar�h �sso�iat� at th� �nstitut� �or �r��n
�lannin� an� �ar��n �r�hit��tur�� �ni��rsity o� Hanno��r� Sin�� ����� h� is th� H�a� o� ��part��nt o� �r�an �r��n an�
For�st� an� sin�� ���� ��puty H�a� o� th� ���i�� �or Lan�s�ap� �ana����nt an� �r��n Spa��s o� th� �ity o� �olo�n��
Con����� �oac�im�bauer�stadt-koeln�de
����o���� �olo�n�� �r�an ����lop��nt� �r��n Syst��� For�st ����lop��nt
Cologne is a gro�ing city� ��e associated c�allenges are manifold and open up opportunities for green and
forest de�elopment in t�e big city as �ell as risks�
��e city of Cologne can look back on more t�an 2,000 years of �istory� ��e floor plan of t�e Roman city is
recogni�able in t�e city plan� �oday�s urban structure is essentially s�aped by modern times and is
representati�e of t�e European city� Cologne �as ne�er t�e seat of a secular ruler, palace gardens or similar
t�ere is t�erefore not� ��e city gro�t� of t�e �il�elminian era, and especially t�e fortification of t�e city by
t�e �russians at t�e end of t�e 19t� century, �a�e c�aracteri�ed t�e urban structure to t�is day�
��e foundation stone for today�s green system �as laid in t�e 1920s by t�e city builder Frit� �c�umac�er and
t�e �ord Mayor of Cologne, �onrad Adenauer� ��e formal design of t�e green system is based on t�e
contemporary urban planning ob�ecti�es of a radially structured city body� ��us, in t�e area of t�e inner
fastening ring, t�e inner green belt and in t�e area of t�e outer ring t�e outer forest and meado� belt �ere
created� For �c�umac�er, �o�e�er, t�e plan of radial green compounds �as also of great importance, so t�at
t�e city�ide green system recei�ed a ��eel-like basic structure�
Despite �c�umac�er�s basic frame�ork of t�e green system, it �as pro�ed to be particularly sustainable,
despite c�anging urban planning concepts� �it� t�is urban de�elopment and green planning continuity o�er
decades, Cologne stands out clearly from ot�er cities in German-speaking countries� ��e basic structure of t�e
green system, ��ic� can be traced back to t�e �istorical plans and concepts, �as remained t�e basis for urban
planning and green planning acti�ities to t�is day� ��e Cologne green system can t�erefore be described in its
s�ape and dimension as uni�ue in Europe� Current de�elopments build on t�is and de�elop t�e city-�ide green
system in terms of content and space�
Closely connected �it� t�e de�elopment of t�e urban green system is t�e de�elopment of t�e forest in
Cologne� ��e city of Cologne �ad until t�e end of t�e 19t� century initially no significant forest o�ners�ip� �t
�as not until about a �undred years ago, �it� t�e large-scale reforestation of agricultural land and e�tensi�e
forest purc�ases, t�at a forest-based de�elopment began, ��ic� is e�emplary for forest propagation in t�e
metropolitan area� �it� t�e e�pansion of t�e outer green belt in t�e 1920s, an e�tensi�e forest and meado�
belt �as created around t�e city, ��ic� �as supplemented by e�tensi�e plantations after t�e �econd �orld
�ar� �oday t�e forest co�ers a total of �,000 �ectares, of ��ic� 4,000 �ectares are o�ned by t�e city� �it�
t�e �Forest �aboratory Cologne� and t�e citi�en pro�ect �A forest for Cologne�, t�e forestry administration
faces t�e current c�allenges�
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L�������� ��� ������ ������������
�rof Dr Emeritus Roland GU��A�����
�n�������on� ��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences, Alnarp � ��eden
��o��� �ro� �r �olan� �usta�sson �o�pl�t�� in ���� his �ast�rs ���r�� in Lan�s�ap� �r�hit��tur� an� i����iat�ly too�
up a r�s�ar�h an� t�a�hin� position� ��t�r o�tainin� his �h��� in ����� as only th� s��on� lan�s�ap� ar�hit��t in S����n
�ith a �o�torat�� his a��ition �as to pion��r a �ri��� ��t���n a�a���ia an� pra�ti�� throu�h a position at th�
uni��rsity� �n ���� h� �as appoint�� �ro��ssor in �lantin� ��si�n an� Lan�s�ap� �ana����nt at th� ��part��nt o�
Lan�s�ap� �lannin� at th� S���ish �ni��rsity o� ��ri�ultural S�i�n��s �SL��� H� is a �����r o� th� �urop�an n�t�or�
�roup ��ris�ap�s� ��ployin� th� �lan�s�ap� a��assa�or� approa�h �as�� on ��al Li�� Stu�ios str�ssin� �o��uni�ati��
approa�h�s an� th� ���tin� o� �i���r�nt lan�s�ap� �o�p�t�n��s an� �ultur�s o� �urop�� �n ���� h� �as �u�st pro��ssor
at �hio Stat� �ni��rsity� �S��
Con����� Roland�Gusta�sson�slu�se
����o���� Lan�s�ap� La�oratory at SL���lnarp� Su��ari�in� Forty ��ars� �yna�i�s� ��sth�ti�s� ��si�n
��is presentation aims to bring attention to a book release, �it� t�e preliminary main title �Urban �oods�,
summari�ing ma�or concepts t�roug� t�e years and t�e e�perience of t�e first generation of �candina�ian
landscape laboratories, in ��ic� �oodlands �a�e been a central issue� �n particular t�e book brings attention
to ��e landscape laboratory at ��U-Alnarp� �e are many co-�riters, ��o �a�e been in�ol�ed, no� s�aring t�e
different c�apters� As t�e starter and coordinator during decades, and acti�ely in�ol�ed in se�eral pro�ects
t�at t�e book is based on, it is a pri�ilege to be part of t�e book �riting, including reflections of t�e forty years,
and many perspecti�es � �ouldn�t �a�e been capable to understand ��en � �as in t�e middle of it� Co�ering
a period of more t�an forty years makes it �uite uni�ue ��en considering t�e lengt� of one single ma�or
pro�ect� �t is also one of t�e rare European e�amples in ��ic� landscape arc�itects �a�e been �orking �ery
close to, and interacting, �it� foresters in an o�erlapping process� ��e �orld kno�s a lot of t�e contribution
of foresters and forest ecologists� �ere, �e �is� to bring attention to t�e landscape arc�itecture as a
profession and its contribution�
Being a landscape laboratory it reali�es a �is� for t�e landscape arc�itect profession to balance t�e �indoor
professionalism� and �conceptualism� by acting in an outdoor pedagogic, embodying kno�ledge,
conte�tuali�e it, elaborating in full-scale, identifying and testing ne� inno�ati�e prototypes of landscape and
�oodland elements and patterns similar to t�e car industry test-dri�ing ne� models� ��e landscape laboratory
is reali�ed in a close cooperation �it� foresters, ecologists, and also artists� ��e presentation �ill be �ery muc�
�ands on, talking about ��at s�ould �a�e a general interest, and at t�e same time letting t�e concrete
e�amples reali�ed out in t�e laboratory talk� �ome issues t�at �ill be �ig�lig�ted� forest and landscape
dynamics � dynamic attitudes, perceptions, engagement and t�e en�ironmental aest�etics, places and �alks,
t�e teen ager p�enomena, comple�ity ladders, and �oodland edges and �ydrology�
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L������ ����� ������� ���������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ����� �����
� ����� ��������
�rof Dr Arne AR�BERGER
�n�������on� �nstitute of �andscape De�elopment, Recreation and Conser�ation �lanning �ienna � Austria
��o��� �r �rn� �rn��r��r is �sso�iat� �ro��ssor at th� �nstitut� o� Lan�s�ap� ����lop��nt� ���r�ation an� �ons�r�ation
�lannin�� ��part��nt o� Spatial� Lan�s�ap� an� �n�rastru�tural S�i�n��s� �ni��rsity o� �atural ��sour��s an� Li��
S�i�n��s� �i�nna� �ustria ��������� H� is also �a�ulty �����r at th� ��st �ir�inia �ni��rsity�s ���r�ation� �ar�s� an�
Touris� ��sour��s �ro�ra�� H� is �hair o� th� �ustrian ���S�� �an � th� �iosph�r���o��itt��� �����r o� ���� ����
an� ���� T���S an� in�ol��� in th� �ustrian �o��uni�ation plat�or�s �For�st � Hu�an H�alth�� ��io�i��rsity an�
Hu�an H�alth� an� �For�st � Touris��� H� is �o��oun��r o� th� �on��r�n�� on �onitorin� an� �ana����nt o� �isitors
in ���r�ational an� �rot��t�� �r�as �http��������o�u�a��at��� His �urr�nt r�s�ar�h a�ti�iti�s �o�us on out�oor r��r�ation
an� �����ts o� natur� on hu�an h�alth�
Con����� arne�arnberger�boku�ac�at
����o���� �r��n Spa�� ����ss� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �ut�oor r��r�ation� �hysi�al ��ti�ity� �i�nna
Currently more t�an �alf of t�e �orld�s population li�e in cities, and t�is proportion is e�pected to increase�
City life c�allenges residents ��o suffer from p�ysical inacti�ity, obesity, mental fatigue, stress and a�erse
en�ironmental conditions suc� as air pollution and urban �eat� Green spaces are seen as nature-based
solutions, contributing to �uman �ealt� and �ell-being ��ile counteracting t�ese c�allenges� �utdoor
recreation in urban green spaces (UG�) is one of t�e key mec�anism for �uman �ealt� and �ell-being�
�o�e�er, t�e link bet�een urban outdoor recreation and �ealt� benefits on a city scale le�el is poorly
understood� City and green space planning need information about ��ic� green spaces of a city pro�ide t�e
most �ealt� benefits to urban society in total� Conse�uently, city and green space planning need information
on amount and intensity of recreation use, and �as to consider �isitor access to UG�� Unfortunately, t�ere is
a kno�ledge gap about t�e total amount of recreation use and p�ysical acti�ities per green space on an
aggregated le�el to identify t�e �ot spots of recreation use among t�e UG� net�ork� ��is presentation
compared se�eral green spaces in �ienna along a gradient from urban to suburban and used p�ysical acti�ity
as a key indicator for �ealt� benefits� ��ysical acti�ity �as e�pressed as total �isitor kilometers per green space
per year, including total �isitor kilometers for accessing t�e green space� ��e comparison found t�at green
spaces �ea�ily �ary in total �isitor kilometers per year, total �isitor kilometers in access, and t�e proportion
bet�een access kilometers and green space kilometers� Results s�o� t�at accessing green space by foot or
bicycle can be an important p�ysical acti�ity compared to t�e amount of �isitor acti�ities in t�e UG� itself�
�arger inner urban green spaces are �ot spots of recreation use and t�erefore potentially �ot spots for �ealt�
benefits� Recommendations for city and green space planning as �ell as recreation and �uman �ealt� researc�
�ill be pro�ided�
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O������� �� ��� ��������� �� ��� 1�� W���� F���� �� U���� F�������
Mic�ela C���G��AR�a, �imone B�RE���a and Fabio �A�B��A��b
�n�������on� aFood and Agriculture �rgani�ation, aUni�ersity of Florence � �taly
��o��� �rs �i�h�la �oni�liaro �or�s �or th� For�stry �oli�y an� ��sour��s �i�ision at th� Foo� an� ��ri�ultur�
�r�ani�ation o� th� �nit�� �ations on th� topi�s o� ur�an an� p�ri�ur�an �or�stry an� a�ro�or�stry� Sh� �as �o�or�anis�r
o� th� �st �orl� Foru� on �r�an For�stry ��anto�a� ������
Con����� mic�ela�conigliaro�fao�org, simone�borelli�fao�org, fabio�salbitano�unifi�it
����o���� �F�F� �all �or ��tion� Tr�� �iti�s o� th� �orl�
��e 1st �orld Forum on Urban Forestry (�FUF) �as �eld in Manto�a (�taly) from 2�-�0 �o�ember 201� and
�as organi�ed by FA�, t�e Municipality of Manto�a, t�e �talian �ociety of �il�iculture and Forest Ecology and
t�e �olitecnico di Milano� ��er �00 e�perts gat�ered to e�c�ange kno�ledge on approac�es t�at cities �a�e
used to optimi�e t�e contribution t�at urban forests and green infrastructure pro�ide in economic
de�elopment, en�ironmental conser�ation, impro�ed social co�esion and increased public in�ol�ement� ��e
t�o main outcomes of t�e Forum �ere a Call for Action and �ree Cities of t�e �orld programme� ��e Call for
Action is intended to pro�ide a reference for cities t�at aim at de�elop communities ��ere urban and peri-
urban forests �elp to ac�ie�e t�e �ustainable De�elopment Goals and are recogni�ed for t�e �ide range of
benefits t�ey pro�ide� �rees and green spaces s�ould be �ie�ed as critical infrastructure, like utilities or
transportation, and as a strategic component of t�e landscape� �ree Cities of t�e �orld is a recognition sc�eme
for greener cities t�at �as de�eloped by FA� and t�e Arbor Day Foundation� ��e aim of t�e sc�eme is to
stimulate and support cities to reac� t�e goals t�at are outlined in t�e Call for Action� �n addition to promoting
t�e efficient management of urban tree resources, it also aims to create an international net�ork of cities,
facilitating t�e s�aring of kno�ledge and good practices to�ards t�e sustainable management of urban forest
and green spaces� ��e programme is based on fi�e key standards t�at a city must meet to be recogni�ed as a
�ree City of t�e �orld�
1� Establis� Responsibility � ��e community �as a �ritten statement by city leaders delegating responsibility
for t�e care of trees �it�in t�e municipal boundary to a staff member, a city department, or a group of citi�ens
2� �et t�e Rules � ��e community adopts policies, best practices, or industry standards for managing urban
trees and forests
�� �no� ��at �ou �a�e � ��e community �as an updated in�entory or assessment of urban trees so t�at an
effecti�e long-term plan for planting, care, and remo�al of city trees can be establis�ed
4� Allocate t�e Resources � ��e community �as a dedicated annual budget for t�e routine implementation of
t�e tree management plan
�� Celebrate Ac�ie�ements � ��e community �olds an annual celebration of trees to raise a�areness among
residents and to ackno�ledge citi�ens and staff members ��o carry out t�e city tree programme
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I����������� �� W�������� ���� � ����������� ��� ��� ������ �� ����� �������
�rof Dr Frank ���RBERG
�n�������on� C�air of �andscape Arc�itecture, R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity � Germany
��o��� �orn in ����� �ro� �r Lohr��r� stu�i�� lan�s�ap� ar�hit��tur� at Hano��r �ni��rsity an� �on th� ��t�r �os�ph
L�nn� ��ar� in ����� ���innin� in ����� h� �or��� at th� �ni��rsity o� Stutt�art �h�r� h� r���i��� his �o�torat� in �����
�hi�h ��alt �ith ur�an a�ri�ultur� an� �ity plannin�� Sin�� ���� h� is prin�ipal o� Lohr��r� Sta�tlan�s�ha�tsar�hit��tur�
th� o��i�� �o�us�s on lan�s�ap� ar�hit��tur�� �n ����� h� �as appoint�� as �hair o� th� �nstitut� o� Lan�s�ap� �r�hit��tur�
at ��TH �a�h�n �ni��rsity� �ro� Lohr��r� is �����r o� th� ��r�an ��r��un�� th� ��r�an �sso�iation o� Lan�s�ap�
�r�hit��ts an� th� ��r�an �ha���r o� �r�hit��ts� H� �as a��itt�� into th� ��r�an �sso�iation o� To�n �lannin� an�
���ional �lannin� in �����
Con����� lo�rberg�la�r�t�-aac�en�de
����o���� �r�an For�stry� Lan�s�ap� La�oratory� �ro�u�ti�� Lan�s�ap�� ��tion ��s�ar�h� �o���si�n
Cologne�s spatial structure �as been defined by its 1920ties Green Belt, initiated by, t�e t�en mayor, �onrad
Adenauer and designed by urban planner Frit� �c�umac�er� ��e Green Belt is c�aracterised by large �oods
framing a linear open space dedicated to recreational, social and aest�etic functions� �n 2010, ad�acent to t�is
prominent feature and a noisy motor�ay, t�e City of Cologne and its sponsors created t�e ��aldlabor ��ln�
to test ne� forms of urban forestry, greatly inspired by t�e landscape laboratory in Alnarp, ��eden� ��is
introduction �ill e�plain t�e s�ort �istory of t�e �aldlabor, its four components and general layout�
��e most intensi�ely managed section since its de�elopment, �as been t�e �Energy Forest� (1), ��ere fast
gro�ing trees, mainly poplars and �illo�s �a�e been culti�ated for sustainable energy production� �lantations
are �ar�ested e�ery �-� years leading to abrupt c�anges in t�e landscape� but �o� �a�e people reacted� �a�e
t�ey accepted t�is �ar�esting� A researc� pro�ect funded by t�e federal state of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia
pro�ided some initial ans�ers� it became ob�ious t�at t�e �aldlabor s�ould promote its aims more clearly�
�o t�is end R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity conducted a �orks�op in 201� allo�ing students to modify t�e forest
t�roug� cutting, pruning and trimming t�e trees� ��e one-�eek inter�entions resulted in inspiring designs
��ic� s�ed lig�t on �idden functional and aest�etic �alues of t�e forest�
Mean��ile ot�er parts of t�e �aldlabor �a�e also t�ri�ed and �ere selected as t�e setting for a follo� on
�aldlabor �orks�op �it� students in 201�� ��e ��eople�s Forest� (2) aims to introduce e�perimental
compositions of trees ��ic� �ill create ne� aest�etic e�periences based upon contrasting bark colours,
autumn foliage and leaf s�apes� ��e trees planted �a�e been indi�idually sponsored by local citi�ens� ��e
�Climate Forest� (�) consists of � compartments ��ic� spread out across t�e area� Eac� compartment
comprises of �ust one tree species, creating a uni�ue spectacle� �rees suc� as �uercus pubescens or �orbus
aria �ere c�osen to test t�eir adaptability to climate c�ange �it�in an urban setting� ��e �ilderness Forest
(4) is a �control group�� t�is area �as been left to de�elop naturally, and �ill illustrate t�e effects of non-
inter�ention and potential �ilderness �ualities�
��e ��ole site �as been designed as a public space� �at�s meander t�roug� t�e area and �arious signs e�plain
t�e �aldlabor concept� �o� ten years� old, t�e �aldlabor is �ell establis�ed as a uni�ue component of t�e
Cologne Green Belt� �o�e�er, researc� still continues� as t�e trees gro�, e�periments are de�eloping ne�
kno�ledge and perspecti�es on t�e future of t�e �aldlabor� �ence, t�ere is no� a need to refocus its aims
and met�odologies for t�e ne�t decade�
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U���� F������� N��������� �� E�����
Dr Bianca B�R��C�ER
�n�������on� Urban Green �olylogue � ��it�erland
��o��� �ian�a �a�rlo�h�r �as �orn in ���� in ��rlin an� li��s in S�it��rlan� sin�� ����� �h�r� sh� has stu�i�� So�iolo�y
an� ���ia S�i�n��s at th� �ni��rsity o� �as�l� Sin�� h�r �h� ti�� sh� has ���n int�r�st�� in th� hu�an��n�iron��ntal
int�rr�lation an� th�r��or� �urth�r ����lop�� th� th�or�ti�al �ra���or� o� so�ial���olo�i�al r��i��s as an analyti�al �asis
�or sustaina�ility issu�s� �n th� �or�stry ��part��nt o� th� ��rn �ni��rsity o� �ppli�� S�i�n�� ��FH� sh� �or��� as a
s�i�ntist on �i��rs� so�iolo�i�al topi�s p�rtainin� to so�i�tal ���an�s o� ur�an �or�sts� in�lu�in� ��n��r an� so�ial
�i��rsity asp��ts in parti�ipation pro��ss�s� �n ���� sh� �oun��� to��th�r �ith oth�r �����rs a S�iss ��t�or� on �r�an
For�stry� �all�� �r�o�ity��t� �n ���� sh� �oun��� h�r �o�pany �r�an �r��n �olylo�u�� �h�r� sh� is �or�in� as a
���iator in th� �i�l� o� ur�an �r��n in�rastru�tur��
Con����� bbaerloc�er�urbangreenpolylogue�c�
����o���� �u�li� �arrati��s� �li�at� �han��� �oll��ti�� ��tion� �i�ital Storyt�llin�
�umans are storytellers� �torytelling is a discursi�e and narrati�e practice ��ic� constitutes and circulates
meaning, a certain co�erence as �ell as regularity in society (�ie���er 200� cit� Ricoeur 1991)� All
communication, ranging from media, comments or e�en scientific article contain narrati�es� �ociological
Researc� on climate-c�ange �as been illustrating, t�at t�e success or failure of �climate narrati�es� in t�e
public sp�ere is not depending on �facts�, but on t�e �ay ��o�� incidents, data, pictures and people are
positioned in t�e process of narrati�isation to�ard a co�erent narration including certain kno�ledge for action
(ebd�, 129)� ��e case of climate c�ange narration as a climate catastrop�e is not only �ig� lig�tening t�e abuse
of nature t�roug� �uman society it also allo�s a reflection of collecti�e institionalised practices� �t s�o�cases
different narrated ��orlds� ��ic� could lead to a correction of recent climate policies and politics (�ie���er
2012, 210)�
Against t�is t�eoretical background � �ill a) discuss ��et�er t�e �Urban Forestry narration� follo�s t�e
principle of t�e narrated climate c�ange catastrop�e and t�erefore trees becoming a boundary maker and b)
reflect on t�e Urban Forestry narrati�e in Europe in general� � assume t�at t�ere is no co�erent Urban Forestry
narrati�e in t�e non-Englis� speaking countries� Based on t�is assumption � �ill introduce an e�ample of
narration, t�e met�od of digital storytelling and �o� it could be instrumentalised to better narrate on Urban
Forestry �alues for different le�els of collecti�e action�
������n���
Ricoeur, �aul (1991)� Myt�s as a bearer of possible �orlds� �n� M��� �ald�s (Ed�)� Reflection � �magination� �e� �ork, pp� 4�2-490
�ie���er, �illy (2012)� �ffentlic�e Er���lungen und der globale �andel des �limas� �n� M� Arnold, G� Dressel, �� �ie���er (Ed�)� Er���lungen im �ffentlic�en� �� �erlag f�r �o�ial�issensc�aften, pp� 1��-21��
�ie���er, �illy (200�)� C�2-Molek�le und �reib�ausgesellsc�aften� Der globale �lima�andel als Beispiel f�r die
Entgren�ung �on �atur und Gesellsc�aft in der refle�i�en Moderne, �n� Beric�te �u deutsc�en �andeskunde� �2� Band� �eft 2� 11��1�2
������� T����
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
C���������� ������������ ���������: A� ����� ����� ������ �����������
Dr �orien �E�B���, Cecil ������E�D���, Mic�ael ME���ER, Cynt�ia G�R���G and �tep�en ��E��ARD
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada
��o��� Lori�n ��s�itt is a �ost�o�toral ��s�ar�h an� T�a�hin� F�llo� �ith a �oint appoint��nt in th� Fa�ulty o� For�stry
an� th� S�hool o� �opulation an� �u�li� H�alth at th� �ni��rsity o� �ritish �olu��ia ������ Startin� in �uly ����� Lori�n
�ill �� an �ssistant �ro��ssor o� �r�an For�stry in ����s Fa�ulty o� For�stry� H�r r�s�ar�h �o�us�s on ur�an �or�stry an�
so�io���olo�i�al int�ra�tions in ur�an �n�iron��nts� �ith an ��phasis on �n�iron��ntal �usti��� hu�an h�alth an� ��ll�
��in�� an� �li�at� �han��� Lori�n ��ploys �i��� ��tho�s approa�h�s� as appropriat� to th� r�s�ar�h pro���t� an� has
��p�rtis� ran�in� �ro� spatial analysis an� �a�hin� l�arnin� to �ualitati�� int�r�i�� analysis an� sur��y ��si�n� Lori�n�s
�urr�nt r�s�ar�h ��a�in�s �� th� r�lationship ��t���n �r��nn�ss ��posur� an� pu�li� h�alth out�o��s in ur�an
�n�iron��nts� �ith a �o�us on spatio�t��poral ��tri�s an� n�� r��ot� s�nsin� �ata sour��s� �� ur�an �or�st �o��rnan��
an� r�sili�n�� to so�ial an� ��olo�i�al str�ss�s� an� �� ur�an �r��n ��uity in �ulti�ultural �iti�s�
Con����� lorien�nesbitt�ubc�ca
����o���� �r�an For�sts� �atur���as�� Solutions� �r�an �r��n ��uity� �n�iron��ntal �usti��� Sustaina�ility
Urban forests are a key tool to pro�ide nature-based solutions (�B�) to create more li�eable cities� Gi�en t�e
importance of �B� to urban residents, it is important to e�aluate 1) t�e distributional e�uity of urban forests
t�at form part of �B�, and 2) t�e recognitional e�uity of processes to co-create and manage �B� at t�e local
le�el�
��is researc� e�amined t�e distributional e�uity of urban forests in 10 U� cities� Urban forests �ere
c�aracteri�ed t�ree �ays (mi�ed �egetation, �oody �egetation, and public parks), to reflect t�e �ariable �B�
associated �it� different types of urban �egetation� Data �ere analysed using �pearman�s correlations and
spatial autoregressi�e models� ��e researc� also e�amined t�e key dimensions of recognitional e�uity in co-
creating �B� �ia an analysis and synt�esis of rele�ant literature�
�trong positi�e associations �ere obser�ed bet�een urban forests, �ig�er education and income across most
cities� �egati�e associations bet�een raciali�ed status and urban forests �ere obser�ed but �ere �eaker and
less common� �ark area �as more e�uitably distributed t�an mi�ed and �oody �egetation, alt�oug� ine�uities
e�isted across all cities and �egetation types� Four dimensions of recognitional e�uity emerged from t�e
analysis t�at can inform �o� �B� are designed, planned and operationali�ed at t�e local le�el�
Cities are spaces in ��ic� t�e �orld�s populations meet and co-create urban forests and �B�� ��is reality
pro�ides opportunities for mutual learning and impro�ed resilience but can also lead to ine�uity in our access
to and go�ernance of �B�� �ur findings can stimulate strategies to foster e�uitable planning and
implementation of truly co-created �B��
������� T����
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
S������ T����
2�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
S������ T����1�1 T�� H������ F����� � S����� �hair�� �y �r St��an T���
������� WIL�ES�ALLE�ANN � L����� ALICE � E��
��ric�, �AR�
Austria and ��it�erland� a comparati�e case study
analysis to understand decision-making �rocesses in
inno�ations in t�e urban forestry sector - A mountain-
bike trail study
�������� �IL�I �� ��� � B��� � �ature Minded
A campaign to encourage p�ysical mo�ement in a
natural en�ironment for �0 minutes a day during �0
days in Belgian Flanders
N���� �ONES � �erys �ones
�arkrun - a popular and energetic use for urban forests
T�� �EIDLER � S����� SIEBERT � German �port
Uni�ersity Cologne
Mountain biking on urban greenspace � e�aluation of
unaut�ori�ed trail tec�nical features using geograp�ic
information systems (G��)
T���� �VASNI��A� A�������� AR�ACI �� ��� � �ingltrek s�r�o� C�ec�ia� �ingltrek DAC� Germany
Recreational �rail �et�orks for M�B and ��ared Use as
a �ool for Urban Forest Management
1�2� T�� H������ F����� � H����� � W��������� �hair�� �y �r St��an T���
D���� �OT�ENBEC�ER �Mot� �tudios ��C
�mmersi�e �ealing� ��y Cities ��ould �ncorporate
Forest ��erapy � Biop�ilic Design �nto t�e Urban Fabric
F�������� �RAINER �BF� Austrian Researc� Centre for
Forests
Green Care F�RE��
�� SAYERS �� ��� � ��e Mersey Forest
Forest �c�ool impacts in nort��est England,
encouraging more natural play, increased p�ysical
acti�ity and social interaction
V������� �OVILAITYTE �ETRI � �������� �IL�I � B��� �
�atureMinded
�ature connection in Brussels urban forests for �uman
�ealt� and resilience
T��� GERSTENBERG �� ��� � F�A Forest Researc�
�nstitute of Baden-��rttemberg
�patial be�a�iour in urban �oodlands� �inking
landscape features to acti�ities and sociodemograp�ic
c�aracteristics of outdoor recreationists
T���� HEGETSCHWEILER �� ��� � ��� ��iss Federal
�nstitute for Forest �no� and �andscape Researc�
�ntegrating p�ysical forest c�aracteristics into socio-
cultural forest monitoring � a ne� approac�
2� T�� S�������� F����� �hair�� �y �ro� �r �aolo S������T�
A��� SI�SON � �eeds Beckett Uni�ersity
�e� lig�t t�roug� old �indo�s - promoting t�e
spiritual aspects of urban forestry and its future role in
deli�ering �iable multi-cultural urbanism
A������ BERNASCONI � �A� Bern AG
Funeral Forests� Bridges bet�een t�o �orlds
C���� �ONI�NENDI�� � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia
��e �piritual Urban Forest - a �ourney of re(disco�ery)
R����� HU� � �cottis� Forestry
Connecting �it� traditional fait� groups to
contemporary urban forests
S������ ROTH � A��� SELTER � Uni�ersity of Freiburg
�Come take a �alk �it� me� E�ploring forests bet�een
timber production and sentience - a �ualitati�e study
on place perception of indi�iduals
S�������� BETH�ANN � E�� BLAISE � F�A Forest
Researc� �nstitute of Baden-��rttemberg
�Being nature� � �istorical, spiritual and political
dimensions of a �alk in t�e �oods
��1� T�� L������� F����� � F����� L�����������
�hair�� �y �ro� �r Fran� L�H�����
����� G�C�LE� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity
�aldlust � Urban forests as community �ubs and
e�perimental design spaces
����� �EYER � R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity
�ald�interior, learning from forest be�a�ior as a base
for creati�e design procedures
R���� WINOGROND ��ulcano �tudio
Dynamic �ran�uility� �oodland �ark meets Airport
��opping Mall
S����� D����� BORIS � Aar�us Uni�ersity
E�perimenting �it� adaptation and transformation in
t�e Aar�us �andscape �aboratory
S������ T����
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
��2� T�� L������� F����� � E������������
E�������� � �hair�� �y �r St�phani� ST�������H �
�nna �����
V����� NIEHUIS� ����� NIEL �� ��� � Biological �tation
�est Ru�rgebiet
En�ironmental education in urban forest(s) in t�e Ru�r
area
O����� BAL�E � �ald und �ol� �R�
About t�e effects of a near-residence industrial forest
on to�ns-c�ildren in t�e first years of t�eir life
U��� VILHAR �� ��� ��lo�enian Forestry �nstitute
Green �earning En�ironments � �oolbo� �it� good
practice e�amples for non-formal learning in t�e
natural en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special
educational needs
����� NASTRAN � A��� GOLOB� Uni�ersity of
��ubl�ana
�isiting urban forest as part of education program in
�lo�enian kindergartens
������� CHENG �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia
A �Citi�en�s Coolkit� on climate c�ange and urban
forestry - Canadian e�perience in engaging t�e silent
ma�ority on climate c�ange and urban forestry issues at
t�e micro-neig�bour�ood block scale
S����� NAIL � B���� �CGONIGAL� Uni�ersit� de
�antes
En�ironmental education and international net�orking
at uni�ersity le�el
��1�� T�� C���������� F����� � G��������� �hair�� �y �ao�i ����H��
C������ CA�ERON � ���� TARLING � City of �ortland,
Maine
Re-foresting �Forest City� � �ortland, Maine� Co-Design
� �nno�ation using �ublic Art and Community
�artners�ips
D�� YE �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia
Urban green space promoting social co�esion among
older adults� A conceptual frame�ork and case studies
in C�ina
I�� WHITHEAD � �nstitute for �andscape Arc�itecture,
R���
�romoting citi�en engagement in G� and urban forestry
� understanding and o�ercoming barriers in �R�
����� ����� CANON BER�UDE� �� ��� � Uni�ersity of
Copen�agen
Building Bridges in Urbanplanen, ne� cultural practices
bet�een t�e young population and green spaces
S���� FEDER �� ��� � European Forest �nstitute � �und
Uni�ersity
�luralities and �ines� An E�ploration of �mmigrant
�ntegration in t�e Catalonian Forest �ector
��1�� T�� C���������� F����� � G��������� �hair�� �y �an �H�T�H���
A��� STEIDLE � �nstitute of Urban �andscape
Management
Ad�ocacy for Urban Forest
C����� ORD��E� �� ��� �Uni�ersity of Melbourne
Go�ernance of t�e urban forest in Melbourne,
Australia� from local strategies to metropolitan policy
L��� WUNDERLIN � E�� ��ric�
Bridges and barriers for Urban Green � A comparati�e
case study of �ienna and �uric�
N���� ��RCHER � Arbor Aegis
Creating an i-�ree Eco-based Urban Forest
Management �oolbo�� �urning i-�ree outputs into
Climate-Adapti�e outcomes, offering management
strategies for gro�ing t�e ��iss Urban Forest
������ WINC�E� �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Agriculture in
�rako�
Comparing scientific and social perspecti�e of urban
forests� Ecosystem �er�ices � case study of �lanty �ark
� t�e green �eart of �rako�, �oland
R��� VAN DER VELDE � Delft Uni�ersity of �ec�nology
Delta City �rees� Emerging �aradigms in R�ine Delta
Cities and t�eir �mpact on t�e Researc� Agenda for
Urban Forestry
R����� HOSTNI� �� ������lo�enia Forest �er�ice
�articipatory integrated management of urban and
peri-urban forests in t�e Danube region (URBforDA�
pro�ect)
��2� T�� C���������� F����� � ���������� �hair�� �y �ohn ������
E��������� TUH�ANEN �� ��� � �U�E �atural
Resources �nstitute Finland
�ampling met�od affects t�e applicability of i-�ree
results for communicating t�e ecosystem ser�ices of
planted and maintained urban trees
S������ T����
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
������� �UINTON � ����� DUIN�ER � Dal�ousie
Uni�ersity
��e role of cemetery management in maintaining t�e
urban forest of �alifa�, Canada
���� NIE��AN � Uni�ersity of Applied Forest �ciences
Rottenburg
Making regulating ecosystem ser�ices �isible - a G��-
based analysis of Cologne�s Urban Forests
����� WE�Y� �� ��� �Uni�ersity of Agriculture in
�rako�� �roGea 4D �td�
��FE URBA�GREE� - an inno�ati�e tec�nological
platform to impro�e management of green areas for
better climate adaptation
R�������� �AL�AUS�AS � �ytautas Magnus Uni�ersity
�oodlands spatial arrangement and different degree
of urbani�ation (�it�uania case study
T��� NINGAL � G����� �ILLS�Uni�ersity College Dublin
Urban �rees, �roperty �rices and Associated
En�ironmental-Economic Benefits � Dublin, �reland
���� T�� C���������� F����� � �������� �hair�� �y �r �n�r�as �����S����
A������� GIOCOLI� T����� G��E��FABRA� E������
VIDAL�CASANOVAS �� ��� � �rea Metropolitana de
Barcelona
�ature Based �lanning model in t�e Barcelona
metropolitan area
G������� TRENTANOVI� T����� CA��AGNARO �� ���
� Uni�ersity of �ado�a
�ild �oodlands across �talian cities� t�eir potential role
in urban regeneration
G��� STEGEN �� ��� � Groendienst, City of G�ent
�o eac� t�eir o�n kind of ���D� t�e Gentbrugse
Meersen, G�ent (Belgium)
I������� DE �EO � A��������� �ALETTO � Council for
Agricultural Researc� and Agricultural Economy
Analysis (CREA)
Combining forest planning and ecosystem ser�ices
pro�ision� t�e e�perience of Monte Morello peri-urban
forest (�taly)
L���� �EDRA��INI � �olitecnico di Milano
��e �andscape Green �et�ork� a ne� deal for planning
in �ombardy
�������� A RAH�AN �� ��� � �ec�nical Uni�ersity of
Munic�
�ptimi�ing ecosystem ser�ices pro�ision using suitable
tree species and open space design
����� DINGENDAHL � N������ B�S�EN� City of Essen BaumAdapt� �ptimi�ation of eco-system ser�ices of urban forests in compliance �it� t�e resilience of critical infrastructures in regard to con�ecti�e e�ents and adaptation to climate c�ange
���� O������ ������������� �hair�� �y �ro� �r St����n ��ST
S������ RUST��A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences
and Arts
Ad�anced �ree Assessment
S������ RUST��A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences
and Arts
Comparison of t�o met�ods to assess t�e �itality of old
trees - a test on beec� and sycamore maple
�������
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
�������1� T�� H������ F�����
������R�� �I� �� ��� � �ational �nstitute of Forest
�cience �eoul� A �tudy on t�e �nfluences of Aerosol on
Urban Forest in �orea
R����� EDER �� ��� � Uni�ersity of �atural Resources
and �ife �ciences, �ienna� �nstitute of �andscape �nside or outside� ��ere to take a break to reload
batteries during a stressful sc�ool day�
T���H�� �I� �� ��� ��ational �nstitute of Forest
�cience� Effect of Urban forest �andscape proportion
on temperature mitigation in �eoul
2� T�� S�������� F�����
A�� VI�A � V������� BOC� Uni�ersity of Agronomic
�ciences and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest
Biblical gardens surrounded by forest in C�eia
mountain resort, Romania
������� TUBA � G��� �ELE�EN � Uni�ersity of �opron
��aded Resting �laces in �andscape� Religious
Memorial
V������� �OVILAITYTE �ETRI � �������� �IL�I �
B�����atureMinded Forest culture, spirituality and nature connection in
urban forests practices of Belgian cities
�� T�� L������� F�����
V����� NIEHUIS� ����� NIEL �� ��� � Biological �tation
�est Ru�rgebiet
En�ironmental education in urban forest(s) in t�e Ru�r
area
��1� T�� C���������� F����� � G���������
A����� S�EA�� H����� SOLLY �� ��� � U��B� � �taly
�orking toget�er� E�periences from an
interdisciplinary urban forest researc� pro�ect in
Bol�ano, �taly
S������ �RA�TER OSTOI� �� ��� � Croatian Forest
Researc� �nstitute
E�ploring, �uantifying and mapping cultural ecosystem
ser�ices of urban green infrastructure � case study city
of �agreb, Croatia
S����� NITOSLAWS�I � N����� GALLE � Uni�ersity of
Britis� Columbia� Uni�ersity College Dublin
�marter trees for smarter cities� E�ploring cases of
�smart� urban forest management from Europe and
Canada
W����� �� FREI�TER � ���� BODE � �tadsbos�ac�ter,
�olfpack, �ab for t�e �e�t Economy
�mart Urban Forest
��2� T�� C���������� F����� � ����������
C���� �HANG �� ��� � C�inese Academy of Forestry
C�aracteristics and c�anges of rural residential forest
in �ing�e, middle sout� of ��andong pro�ince
U��� VILHAR � E���� �O�A�ERNI� � �lo�enian
Forestry �nstitute
Assessment of urban forest �ydrological ecosystem
ser�ices for an reser�e drinking �ater source in t�e City
of ��ubl�ana
R���� �ACE �� ��� � �arlsru�e �nstitute of �ec�nology
(���)
�emperature mitigation by urban trees� Modelling t�e
cooling effect of transpiration and s�ading on a single
tree basis
����� W��Y� �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Agriculture in �rako�
C�ange detection of city �ig� �egetation using �D
�iDAR point clouds and its impact on ecosystem
ser�ices pro�ided by trees in Racibor� (�oland)�
C������ BUCH� ����� �EIL �� ��� � Biological �tation
�est Ru�rgebiet Germany
�ndustrial Forest �ro�ect � A synt�esis after 24 years of
accompanying ecological researc� on industrial
bro�nfields
���� T�� C���������� F����� � ��������
V������� BOC �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Agronomic �ciences
and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest
Reintegrating an Emblematic �andscape of Buc�arest�
t�e �urrounding Green Areas of t�e �arliament �alace
���� O������� �������������
T������ VALADA �� ��� � ����A �nstituto �uperior de
Agronomia �ortugal
Basidiomycetes common to standing urban trees
���� �URC � ������� ��UL� � Uni�ersity of ��ubl�ana�
��e �ree �nstitute �lo�enia
Forestry laboratory as a tool for impro�ing t�e �ealt�
of urban forests� �est and disease researc� of urban
trees and forests in t�e city of ��ubl�ana
F����� �AIA �� ��� � ����A �nstituto �uperior de
Agronomia �ortugal
Use of ��A in Celtis, Fra�inus, �latanus and �ilia trees
in �ortuguese cities
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F����� �ports
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A������ ��� S����������: � ����������� ���� ����� �������� �� ���������� ���������
������ ��������� �� ����������� �� ��� ����� �������� ������ � A ������������� �����
�����
�erylee ����E�-A��EMA��a and �ud�ig A��CEb, c
�n�������on� aE�� �uric� � ��it�erland� bUni�ersity of �atural Resources and �ife �ciences �ienna (B��U) �
Austria� cEuropean Forest �nstitute EF�CEEC, �ienna � Austria
Con����� ��ilkes�et���c�, alice�lud�ig�boku�ac�at
����o���� �nno�ation� �r�an For�stry� �ut�oor ���r�ation� �ustria� S�it��rlan�� �ountain��i�� Trails�
���ision��a�in� �ro��ss
�utdoor recreation �as in t�e last decade c�anged from being passi�e (e�g� �alking) to more acti�e forms (e�g�
mountain-biking)� Forest roads are not only used for �ar�esting timber, but also ser�e as trails for �iking,
�ogging, etc� ��ird parties, suc� as t�e community and organised recreational users (e�g� bikers), use t�e initial
setting to add recreational infrastructure ne�t to t�e roads (e�g� barbecue and picnic areas) and inside t�e
actual forest (e�g� mountain-bike trails, fitness trails)� ��us, t�e infrastructure for recreational purposes is also
pro�ided t�roug� inno�ati�e pro�ects in urban forest areas (�ilkes-Allemann and �ud�ig, 2019)� ��is e�olution
poses c�allenges (e�g� liability and costs issues, conflicts) to forest managers and forest o�ners� �nno�ation
�as, traditionally, been defined as a process by ��ic� ne� products and tec�ni�ues are introduced into t�e
economic system (�c�umpeter, 19�4)� �n t�e forestry sector, t�ese products and tec�ni�ues are often
combined �it� t�e pro�ision of ne� ser�ices and goods suc� as mountain-bike trails (�eiss et al� 2011, �ud�ig
et al� 201�a, �ud�ig et al� 201�b)� �o far, fe� studies �a�e analysed inno�ation from a go�ernance perspecti�e
(�ilkes-Allemann and �ud�ig, 2019)� �ubse�uently, our researc� addresses t�e go�ernance processes
resulting in t�e de�elopment of recreational infrastructure to ans�er t�e �uestion� �o� and to ��at e�tent
are inno�ations in t�e urban forestry sector crucial in fostering outdoor recreation infrastructure
pro�isioning�� �o do so �e analyse inno�ation from a go�ernance perspecti�e (�strom 2011)� �e center on
t�o mountain-bike trail cases located in urban forest areas of Austria and ��it�erland so as to e�amine t�e
role social inno�ation plays and to analyse t�e decision-making process be�ind� ��e researc� is based on
se�eral empirical sources including semi-structured inter�ie�s� ��e findings suggest t�at conflicts are crucial
in fostering inno�ation�
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A �������� �� ��������� �������� �������� �� � ������� ����������� ��� �0
������� � ��� ������ �0 ���� �� B������ F�������
�atriina �����a, �ien CR�M���U�a, �aren �ER���F� �ER���F�b, Myriam DE B�EC and Bert DE ��M��E�Ea
�n�������on� aB���� bC�ristian �ealt� �nsurance Fund (CM� cRegional public aut�ority for �ature and Forests of
�ature � Forests - Go�ernment of Flanders � Belgium
Con����� ktrnkilpi�gmail�com
����o���� �a�pai�n� �r���ntion� H�alth �ro�otion� �ra�ti�� �ri�nt�� ��s�ar�h� ��storation �n�i�ators�
�r�an �atur�� �r�an For�sts
�n t�e Flemis� pro�inces in Belgium, accessible nature is une�ually distributed� ��e matter is rising �ig�er on
t�e political agenda, as t�e links bet�een e�posure to nature and �ealt� �a�e recei�ed stronger e�idence� ��e
obser�ed naturalness of t�e residential en�ironment �as been associated �it� a lo�er pre�alence of
depression, an�iety and stress� Furt�ermore, people ��o �a�e access to green spaces in t�eir neig�bour�ood,
use t�ese areas more and tend to be p�ysically more acti�e� Finally, people �it� a strong connection �it�
nature, spend more time in nature and t�us become more e�posed to t�e beneficial effects of natural
en�ironments�
��ree stake�olders based in Flanders, a �ealt� insurance pro�ider (CM), a state agency for forest and nature
(Regional public aut�ority for �ature and Forests of �ature � Forests, go�ernment of Flanders) and a forest
ad�ocate organi�ation (B���) partner annually to run a campaign to encourage p�ysical mo�ement in natural
en�ironments for �0 minutes per day during �0 days� �ince 201�, an assessment of t�e impact of t�e campaign
on t�e participants� sub�ecti�e �ealt� and �ellbeing �as been conducted� �n t�e autumn of 201�, altoget�er
1�20 participants started t�e campaign� ��ey reported t�eir daily acti�ities in an online diary and t�roug� t�e
t�ree sur�eys t�at �ere administered t�roug�out t�e campaign� ��e impact of t�e campaign on participants�
sub�ecti�e �ealt� and �ellbeing, t�eir connectedness �it� nature and t�e le�el of naturalness of t�eir
percei�ed li�ing and e�ercising en�ironments, �ere measured by using a set of �alidated scales, an ob�ecti�e
measure and �ualitati�e �uestions�
Regardless of a number of constraints in t�e study set up and e�ecution, for t�e second time in a ro�, similar
results come about� ��e campaign succeeds to attract and engage a rat�er �omogenous group of �ig�ly
educated �omen o�er ��-year of age� ��ile t�e respondents are in a�erage or better �ealt�, t�ey seek t�e
encouragement of t�e campaign to remain p�ysically acti�e regardless of lack of time, tiredness or bad
�eat�er conditions� ��e lessons learnt from t�e impact assessment include t�e �ig�lig�ted difficulties t�is
segment of t�e society faces in t�eir attempts to maintain t�eir �ealt�� t�e issues t�at come about ��en
attempting to conduct scientific researc� close to practice� and possible points to be looked into for furt�er
researc��
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������� � � ������� ��� ��������� ��� ��� ����� �������
�erys ���E�
�n�������on� �erys �ones � U�
Con����� nerys��ones�blueyonder�co�uk
����o���� �ar�run� H�alth� ��ll���in�� �unnin�� �olunt��rin�� ���r�ation
��arkrun� is a fast-gro�ing �orld�ide recreational p�enomenon� it is a net�ork of �km running e�ents t�at
take place e�ery �aturday morning at o�er 1,400 locations in 20 countries across fi�e continents� �articipation
is free and it is organised entirely by �olunteers� �t started in t�e U� in 2004 �it� �ust 1� runners in a single
park in �ondon and by �ctober 201�, � million people �ad registered to take part�
As t�e name suggests, parkruns are often staged in parks, but an increasing number are �eld in and around
�oods and forests, lakes, beac�es, promenades, racecourses and e�en prison grounds� Forests, bot� urban
and rural, offer softer, trail-type courses, in contrast to urban parks �it� �ard surfaces and t�ey offer a location
for t�ose looking for a slig�tly ��ilder� run e�perience� �arkrun is an ideal acti�ity for urban forests� it re�uires
�ery little effort to organise, minimal infrastructure to set up and �it�in �0 minutes of finis�ing, t�ere is almost
no e�idence t�at it took place�
��e runs are �ery inclusi�e� anyone can take part, from serious at�letes to �alkers, club runners to parents
pus�ing c�ild buggies, ��eelc�air users and people �it� dogs� Ages range from under � to o�er �0 and all
runners are classed as �at�letes� by parkrun� ��e si�e of indi�idual parkruns �aries enormously from as fe� as
10 runners to as many as 1�00�
�eople register �ust once, on-line, and t�ey may t�en run at any parkrun e�ent �orld�ide� ��ere is no need to
book in ad�ance� ��e at�lete do�nloads a personal bar code, ��ic� is carried during t�e run and is t�en
scanned at t�e finis� line� Runners recei�e t�eir personal time by te�t or email, usually �it�in an �our or t�o
of finis�ing�
��e p�ysical �ealt� benefits are becoming more apparent, �it� doctors in t�e U� no� starting to prescribe
parkrun as a �ay of encouraging people to become more acti�e� ��e mental �ealt� benefits of participation,
��et�er t�roug� running or �olunteering, are also increasingly recognised�
��e parkrun et�ic is t�at �it is a run, not a race � it�s you against t�e clock�� ��ere is a �ery supporti�e, collegiate
atmosp�ere, �elcoming beginners, t�ose ��o are less able and people trying to lose �eig�t, as �ell as
celebrating faster runners� ��e social aspect is also �ery important � t�ere is al�ays some��ere to meet for
coffee and cake after�ards�
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�������� ������ �� ����� ���������� � ���������� �� ������������ ����� ���������
�������� ����� ���������� ����������� ������� �GIS�
�om �E�D�ER and �tefan ��EBER�
�n�������on� �nstitute of �utdoor �ports and En�ironmental �cience, German �ports Uni�ersity Cologne �
Germany
Con����� t���i�l�r��shs��o�ln���� s�si���rt��shs��o�ln���
����o���� �ut�oor Sports� �r�an �r��nspa��� �ountain �i�� Trail T��hni�al F�atur�s� ��o�raphi�
�n�or�ation Syst��� �T�� ��S
�ntroduction
Mountain biking is a megatrend and is practiced by an estimated number of 4�,�00 at�letes in t�e city of
Cologne� At t�e same time, recreation grounds of 40 m2 per citi�en are pro�ided in t�is urban area� ��ose
spaces are intensi�ely used by sports clubs, commercial pro�iders and recreational at�letes�
Mountain bikers are legally allo�ed to use t�e pat�s of public parks� �o�e�er, it �as been noted t�at t�e
ma�ority of mountain bikers prefer to ride on narro� trails� Bikers speciali�ed in disciplines suc� as freeride,
dirt and BM� also prefer routes t�at integrate tec�nical features into t�e trails� �ince t�ere is no supply for t�e
demand of suc� locations in t�e area of Cologne, informal sport sites de�eloped on a public green space in t�e
district of �indent�al�
Met�ods
As part of t�e in�estigation, a spatial analysis of t�e study area �as carried out to assess t�e status �uo of
mountain bike specific facilities� ��e area �as na�igated, ��ile geograp�ical data �as collected using G��
de�ices� Based on a study by �ickering et al� (2010), a sur�ey record �as de�eloped, in ��ic� locations and
c�aracteristics of t�e tec�nical features �ere noted� After�ards, t�e data �as processed using ArcMap and
E�cel�
Results
�e�eral trail tec�nical features �a�e been connected by trails to form mountain bike facilities� �f t�ese, four
�ere identified in t�e area� ��e total space occupied spans 1�2� �a, ��ic� is e�ui�alent to 4��� of t�e sports
facilities in t�e study area� Mounds, �umps and cambers are t�e t�ree ma�or types of features� ����� of t�e
tec�nical features are in good or moderate condition, 12�4� are defecti�e or only left as remnants� 2� of a
total of 10� features are �ig�er t�an �0 cm� �n t�ree out of four sites, considerable ecological pollution from
�aste and �egetation damage �as found� At least 24��� of t�e routes in t�e study area are informal trails t�at
are used by at�letes of �arious sports�
Conclusion
�nformal mountain bike sites �old great potential for conflict on an ecological and social le�el� ��e spreading
of t�e areas cannot be influenced, so remo�al measures �ere initiated in t�e past� �o�e�er, t�ere �as no
lasting success as t�e sites �ere soon rebuilt�
�n terms of an integrated sports area de�elopment, a concept for a public mountain bike facility needs to be
carried out� �t �ould be concei�able to �a�e a plan t�at agrees �it� t�e normati�e foundations and t�e
structural conditions of t�e e�isting sites
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R����������� T���� N������� ��� �TB ��� S����� U�� �� � T��� ��� U���� F�����
����������
�om�� ��A�����A, �ai ��EBDRA�� and Ale�ander AR�AC�
�n�������on� �ingltrek, s�r�o� � C�ec�ia� �ingltrek DAC� � Germany
Con����� tomas�k�asnicka�singltrek�c�, kai�siebdrat���elosolutions�com, ale�ander�arpaci�inuf�at
����o���� Trail ��t�or�s� Sustaina�l� Trails� Trail �lannin� an� ��si�n� �is� �ana����nt� �isitor
�ana����nt� Shar�� �s�
�ro�iding sustainable recreational trails is one of t�e most effecti�e �ays �o� to manage t�e interface
bet�een sil�icultural acti�ities, nature protection and recreation� �rail net�orks for M�B and s�are-use can
substantially decrease t�e problems arising from increased �isitor numbers to forested nature areas� ��ey do
so in t�ree main areas� ��ey pro�ide users �it� desirable e�perience, t�ey establis� �isitor flo�s t�roug�
landscapes and t�ey pro�ide effecti�e risk management solution�
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S������ 1�2 T�� H������
������ �ealt� � �ell-
being
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I�������� H������: W�� C����� S����� I���������� F����� T������ � B�������� D�����
I��� ��� U���� F�����
Da�id M���E�BEC�ER
�n�������on� Mot� �tudios ��C � U�A
Con����� da�id�mot�studios�com
����o���� Shinrin �o�u� For�st �athin�� For�st Th�rapy� �iophili� ��si�n� H�alin�� �atur�� Lan�s�ap�
�r�hit��tur�� �r�an ��si�n� �r�an �lannin�
��e effects of stress and constant e�posure to cortisol are �arming our bodily systems - �ype 2 Diabetes tops
t�e c�arts, along �it� obesity and �eart disease� ��at causes stress� �ong commutes� poor �ousing� poor
neig�bor�ood conditions, and poor �orkplace design� �ig� demand�lo� control �obs� lack of access to retail,
�obs, ser�ices� �ur en�ironments affect our �uality of life� �e � designers, �ellness practitioners, forestry
professionals, and policy makers � all �elp set t�e conte�t for ��ere �ealt� �appens (or doesn�t)� A solution
currently on t�e �anguard is t�e incorporation of nature into designs t�at support �ealt��
Researc�ers at t�e Center for En�ironment, �ealt� � Field �ciences at C�iba Uni�ersity t�ink t�at t�is need is
rooted in e�olution� ��roug�out our e�olution �e �a�e e�isted �it�in, and as a partner �it�, nature � �e are
comfortable and feel a symbiosis �it� it� By contrast, our modern �artificial� society is in�erently stressful�
�lace as Green �nfrastructure can not only �elp your body become �ealt�ier by producing o�ygen and
p�ytoncides� but it can also create place for storm�ater to infiltrate and be cleansed, people to ride bikes and
�alk, plants to gro�, and �abitat created� All t�at, and it can sa�e billions � yes, �it� a B � on city budgets�
By understanding t�e benefits and metrics t�at �a�e emerged from studying t�e po�er of nature to reduce
stress� participants �ill learn about inter�entions to create green, �ealing spaces in and near urban centers�
During t�e presentation participants �ill also be introduced to elements from biop�ilic design and met�ods
of forest t�erapy� �articipants �ill learn �o� t�ese modalities can �ork in tandem to create remarkable and
e�periential �ealing spaces�
�earning �b�ecti�es
1� Understand t�e �ualities of a �ealing en�ironment from t�e biop�ilic�forest t�erapy perspecti�e�
2� �dentify specific actions t�at can be taken to create an integrati�e, immersi�e, and �ealing space�
�� �earn about e�idence-based studies on �o� spaces and nature affect �ealing and �ell-being�
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F����� S����� ������� �� ��������� E������� ����������� ���� ������� �����
��������� �������� �������� ��� ������ ������������
�o �A�ER�a, �oe �����E�b and �ynne B�DD�b
�n�������on� a��e Mersey Forest � U�� b��e ��ysical Acti�ity E�c�ange, �i�erpool �o�n Moores Uni�ersity � U�
Con����� �osayers�merseyforest�org�uk, ��R��no�les�l�mu�ac�uk, ��M�Boddy�l�mu�ac�uk
����o���� For�st S�hool� �atural �lay� L�arnin� out�oors� H�alth
��er t�e past 10 years, Forest �c�ool pro�ision in �ort��est England �as rapidly e�panded� Corresponding
studies during t�is time �a�e demonstrated a range of benefits to t�e c�ildren participating� Forest �c�ool �as
�ad a positi�e effect� connecting c�ildren to nature, influencing c�ildren�s natural play and t�eir kno�ledge of
t�e �orld around t�em, pro�iding a mec�anism to break do�n t�e barriers and encourage c�ildren and t�eir
families to play more in natural settings during t�eir leisure time�
Additionally, �it�in t�e sc�ool setting, Forest �c�ool researc� �as s�o�n impacts of increased social
interaction, confidence, impro�ed mental �ellbeing and p�ysical acti�ity le�els, ensuring more sc�ools are
training staff as Forest �c�ool �eaders�
��ese pro�ects �ere undertaken in partners�ip �it� �i�erpool �o�n Moores Uni�ersity, ��ysical Acti�ity
E�c�ange and ��e Mersey Forest, one of t�e leading en�ironmental regeneration initiati�es in t�e �ort� �est
of England�
������n��� �r�ports � �olla�orati�� r�s�ar�h in�lu���
Ridgers, ��D, � �ayers, �� (2010)� �atural play in t�e forest� Forest �c�ool e�aluation reports�
�ttp�������merseyforest�org�uk�our-�ork�forest-sc�ool��
Ridgers, ��D, �no�les, ��R, � �o �ayers� (2012)� Encouraging play in t�e natural en�ironment� a c�ild-focused case study
of Forest �c�ool� C�ildren�s Geograp�ies, 10(1), 49-���
Austin, C���, �no�les, ��R� and �ayers, �� (201�) E�aluation of t�e �atural �ealt� �er�ice- Forest �c�ools� ��e Mersey
Forest and �i�erpool �o�n Moores Uni�ersity� Unpublis�ed Report
Clare Austin, �oe �no�les, �aye Ric�ards, Mel McCree, �o �ayers, and �icola D� Ridgers �pringer �ress publication �
C�apter on� �lay and �earning �utdoors� Engaging �it� t�e �atural �orld Using Forest �c�ool in t�e U� � �1-22
Emilia �rapasso, �oe �no�les, �ynne Boddy, �isa �e�son, �o �ayers and Clare Austin (201�)� E�ploring gender differences
�it�in Forest �c�ools, as a p�ysical acti�ity inter�ention� C�ildren � �pen Access �ournal (MD��)
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G���� C��� FOREST
Fran�iska �RA��ER
�n�������on� Austrian Researc� Centre for Forests � Austria
Con����� fran�iska�krainer�bf��g��at
����o���� For�st� �r��n �ar�� H�alth� ��ll���in�� So�ial For�stry� So�ial Sustaina�ility� �ustria
�ntroduction
Forests offer many opportunities for rela�ation and leisure acti�ities� �o�adays, t�e c�allenges in t�e �ork
en�ironment are increasing and people often lack p�ysical and mental balance in t�eir e�eryday li�es� Forests
can counteract t�is de�elopment and become an important resource for reco�ery and resilience� ��e Austrian
Researc� Centre for Forests strongly focuses on identifying and releasing t�e potential of forests to impro�e
t�e �ealt� and social aspects of today�s society� ��e pro�ect Green Care F�RE�� deals �it� social sustainability,
�ealt� and �ell-being in t�e forest�
Met�od
Green Care F�RE�� is a communication pro�ect funded by t�e Austrian Rural De�elopment �rogram 14-20�
�e connect people from t�e forestry, �ealt�, education, tourism and employment sector� �ur goal is to act
as communicati�e interface bet�een t�ese different stake�olders in order to initiate green care acti�ities and
pilot pro�ects in t�e forest� Green care stands for pro�ects and acti�ities t�at take place in nature� ��e goal is
to maintain, foster or impro�e t�e �ealt� of our target groups� c�ildren, adults, people �it� mental�p�ysical
problems, socially disad�antaged people� Green Care F�RE�� aims to find forest based solutions to societal
c�allenges related to �ealt�, education and �ork� Forest o�ners play a key role� �nno�ati�e Green Care F�RE��
simultaneously de�elop di�ersification and ne� income opportunities for forest o�ners�
Result
��e pro�ect Green Care F�RE�� acts as an interface and mediator bet�een forest o�ners and stake�olders
from t�e abo�e mentioned sectors� ��e basis for our communication �ork are best-practice pilot pro�ects,
��ic� �e initiate and lead to reali�ation in tig�t collaboration �it� our partners, practical and�or scientific
e�perts and stake�olders from different sector� �ur pilot pro�ects deal �it� social forestry and �ork
integration, forest t�erapy for people �it� addiction problems or c�ronic pain, recreational forest trails, forest
kindergartens, forest education for sc�ool kids and elderly people�
Conclusion
�it� Green Care F�RE��, �e strengt�en t�e role of forests as places for �ealt� and �ell-being, education,
employment opportunities and social integration� �e present case studies and s�are our �ands-on
e�periences� �e encourage fruitful discussions on yet untapped possibilities forests pro�ide for �ealt� and
�ell-being, especially in t�e face of societal c�allenges�
T�� H������ F����� � H����� � ����������
44
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
N����� ���������� �� B������� ����� ������� ��� ����� ������ ��� ����������
�itali�a �����A����E �E�R�a and �atriina �����b
�n�������on� aUni�ersit� �ibre de Bru�elles, U�B � Belgium� b��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences, ��U �
��eden
Con����� �itali�a��o�ilaityte-�etri��otmail�com
����o���� �atur�� �onn��tion� H�alth� ��sili�n��
Almost �0 � of t�e City of Brussels territory contain non-built spaces� ��e urban forest contains 20 � of
Brussels green areas ��ic� pro�ide �arious ecosystem ser�ices and benefits for �uman �ealt� and �ellbeing�
�n addition, Brussels City �osts large number of nationalities and et�nical bio-cultural traditions rooted in
forest and nature cultures from all o�er t�e �orld� ��is makes Brussels City a uni�ue place �it� specific
geograp�ical situation, cultural di�ersity and large number of urban green territories �it� lots of potential for
connecting people �it� nature for t�eir �ealt� and resilience, and de�elopment of pro-en�ironmental
be�a�iours�
��e case study on nature connection acti�ities suc� as forest bat�ing, forest t�erapy, nature mindfulness and
urban foraging of �ild food plants in urban forests of t�e City of Brussels �as been carried out t�roug� analyses
of a�ailable literature, information on rele�ant �ebsites and social media, �isits to t�e urban forest sites,
meetings �it� professionals �orking in t�e field, en�ironmental education and nature conser�ation
organisations, creati�e artists and ecologists, follo�ing t�e acti�ities in urban forests, as �ell as taking part in
�arious e�ents related to urban forest based �ealt� inter�entions and foraging of �ild food plants in City of
Brussels�
��e study results s�o�ed t�at t�e interest in urban forests based inter�entions and urban foraging in Brussels
�as been �ig�ly increasing lately� ��is regained focus on �ealing effects of urban forests �as been applied to
modern life styles in urban areas t�roug� �arious local community-dri�en �ealt�, social, cultural and
educational pro�ects� ��e e�amples of suc� numerous, interesting and useful pro�ects are being found in
different sites of urban forests� Many of t�em are directly related to sustainable, efficient, safe and rational
management of urban nature resources to promote recreation, �ealt�y lifestyles, disease pre�ention, social
integration or intangible cultural �eritage protection� ��ey include �arious forest based inter�entions for
�uman �ealt� restoration and arts-based en�ironmental education� ��e identified acti�ities are indi�idual
needs-centred and aim to gro� �ealt�y, resilient, en�ironmentally responsible and empo�ered EU citi�ens of
all ages and situations
T�� H������ F����� � H����� � ����������
4�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
I���������� �������� ������ ��������������� ���� �������������� ������ ���������� � �
��� ��������
�essa �EGE��C��E��ER, C�ristop� F��C�ER and Marcel �U����ER
�n�������on� ��iss Federal Researc� �nstitute for Forest, �no� and �andscape Researc� ��� � ��it�erland
Con����� �essa��egetsc��eiler��sl�c�
����o���� �onitorin� For�st ���r�ation� �ational For�st �n��ntory� �nlin� Sur��y� For�st �hara�t�risti�s
�nformation about social aspects of forest suc� as aest�etic or recreational �alues is fre�uently collected �it�
off-site �uestionnaire sur�eys� �e�eral countries regularly conduct nation-�ide sur�eys in order to monitor
outdoor recreation and t�e relations�ip of t�e people to t�e forest� �n t�ese sur�eys, respondents often are
asked to describe t�eir last �isit to a natural area or to describe t�e forest t�ey �isit most often� ��ile t�is
gi�es a representati�e picture of t�e respondents� preferences and be�a�iour, it is not possible to link t�eir
ans�ers to t�e real c�aracteristics of t�e forest t�ey are describing� �n t�e ot�er �and, c�aracteristics suc� as
tree species, stand structure, etc� are commonly recorded in �ational Forest �n�entories (�F�s)� Regarding
forest recreation, bot� t�e p�ysical c�aracteristics of t�e forest in ��ic� recreation takes place as �ell as t�e
social aspects suc� as �isitor preferences and be�a�iour play an important role� �n order to establis� a link
bet�een socio-cultural forest monitoring and t�e ��iss �F�, �e used p�otos from t�e �F� taken in all four
cardinal directions from t�e centre of t�e �F� sample plots� ��e p�otos �ere integrated in an online sur�ey
dealing �it� �isual attracti�eness of forest, general forest preferences, moti�es for �isiting forests and t�e
importance of forest during t�e respondents� c�ild�ood� Because t�e p�otos are not congruent �it� t�e
sample plots, forest c�aracteristics �ere deri�ed from t�e p�otos according to �F�-criteria� Results s�o� t�at
�isual attracti�eness could be e�plained by a combination of se�eral �F�-parameters and social factors� An
e�aluation of t�e met�od used to gain p�ysical forest data from t�e p�otos re�ealed t�at apart from some
e�ceptions most parameters studied could be deducted reliably from t�e p�otos� �e conclude t�at t�is
approac� is a possibility to integrate forest c�aracteristics into socio-cultural forest monitoring�
T�� H������ F����� � H����� � ����������
4�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
S������ ��������� �� ����� ���������: L������ ��������� �������� �� ���������� ���
���������������� ��������������� �� ������� ��������������
�ina GER��E�BERGa, C�ristop� F� BAUME���ERa, Ulric� �C�RAM�a and �obias ���E���GERb
�n�������on� aForest Researc� �nstitute of Baden-��rttemberg (F�A) � Germany� bGeorg-August-Uni�ersit�t
G�ttingenb � Germany
Con����� tina�gerstenberg��eb�de
����o���� Spatial ��ha�iour� Lan�s�ap� �hara�t�risti�s� �u�li� �arti�ipation ��S �����S�� �a�hin� L�arnin��
�ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s
An increasing number of scientific papers describe and e�plain t�e connections bet�een natural landscape
features and �otspots of cultural ecosystem ser�ices, �alues, and preferences� ��e results �elp en�ironmental
planning and decision making �it� prioritising and balancing management ob�ecti�es� �o�e�er, t�ere is a lack
of kno�ledge on associations bet�een p�ysical landscape attributes t�at c�aracterise used routes and
indi�idual background features as �ell as acti�ities of outdoor recreationists (e�g�, cycling, dog �alking,
�ogging, �alking)� �n order to address t�is researc� �uestion, �e applied �ublic �articipation G�� (��G��) to
assess spatial be�a�iour, i�e�, �ay usage, in urban �oodlands of city d�ellers from t�ree densely populated
regions in Germany�s �out��est� Respondents also stated t�eir acti�ities for mapped routes,
sociodemograp�ic backgrounds, and percei�ed cultural ecosystem ser�ices� �n order to c�aracterise eac�
mapped route according to p�ysical landscape features, �e used a �0m buffer around eac� route and
measured area si�es (in m�) of land co�er classes represented �it�in t�is buffer, e�g�, �ater bodies,
broadlea�ed, coniferous and mi�ed species dominated stands, meado�s, and �uman-made infrastructure�
Data on t�ese features �ere deri�ed from �pen �treet Map, in�entory maps, �ig� resolution �iDAR satellite
imagery, and forest function maps of t�e pro�inces� forestry administration� For data analysis, �e use Getis-
�rd Gi statistics and mac�ine learning tec�ni�ues� �e present linkages of indi�idual background information,
percei�ed cultural ecosystem ser�ices, and acti�ities to mapped routes� c�aracteristics� �f applied in urban
forest management, t�is kno�ledge may contribute to �isitor-centred planning and decision-making as �ell
as de�elopment of �isitor guidance concepts for urban �oodlands�
T�� H������ F����� � H����� � ����������
4�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
A S���� �� ��� I��������� �� A������ �� U���� F����� �� ����� ��������
�yung-Rae ��Ma, �ae-�ee ��Ma, �eong-�ak ��a and �oung-�i �A�b
�n�������on� a�ational �nstitute of Forest �cience� b�ang�on �ational Uni�ersity � �out� �orea
Con����� pyung��4��gmail�com, kt�90�4�korea�kr, �e�o��korea�kr, young�i�an�kang�on�ac�kr �
����o���� �r�an For�st� ��rosol� �arti�ulat� �att�r
Atmosp�eric particulate matter can reduce �isibility, affect cloud formation and precipitation, and �arm
�uman �ealt�� �ealt� effects related to particulate matter include impacts on pulmonary, cardiac, �ascular,
and neurological systems� �articulate matter can result from direct emission or as secondary products, bot�
of ��ic� contain natural and ant�ropogenic sources�
Urban forests play an important role in reducing atmosp�eric pollution and impro�ing pollutants more t�e
�uality of t�e urban en�ironment� �rees are efficient sca�engers of �M10 and can ser�e as skins for particle,
gas and aerosols at t�e canopy le�el� As a result of t�e large canopy area of lea�es and t�e turbulent air
mo�ement created by t�e structure trees effecti�ely capture more particles t�an s�orter �egetation�
�n t�is study, Comparison of �articulate matter c�aracteristics in urban site and urban forest site, �orea� �n
addition, �e try to identify t�e factors affecting t�e �articulate matter reduction by identifying t�e �eat�er
factors�
T�� H������ F����� � H����� � ����������
4�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
I����� �� �������� W���� �� ���� � ����� �� ������ ��������� ������ � ��������� ������
���� ��������
Renate EDERa, Brigitte A��E�a, �amara �C��AGBAUERa, �ans-�eter �U��ERb, �isbet� �E��E��FE�DERb,
�at�rin �EMMERERb, ��ifra ��A�RA�� �A�A��b, �eter �A���ERb, Claudia �C�M�GERc, �eter �A���ERc, �illy
DAMMb and Arne AR�BERGERa
�n�������on� aUni�ersity of �atural Resources and �ife �ciences, �ienna (��E�) � Austria� bMedical Uni�ersity of
�ienna � Austria� c�B� �nnenraumanalytik �Gc � Austria
Con����� renate�eder�boku�ac�at, brigitte�alle��boku�ac�at
����o���� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �r�an �ar�s� �o�niti�� ��r�or�an��� ��ll��in�� ��ol�s��nts
Adolescents spend many �ours a day at sc�ool and are c�allenged cogniti�ely� ��is results in an increased
stress le�el and concentration difficulties� ��erefore, it is crucial t�at pupils �a�e places �it�in t�e sc�ool
en�ironment ��ere t�ey can restore t�eir cogniti�e capacities� ��e pro�ect Green4brain addresses t�e
follo�ing researc� �uestions� (1) Are t�ere any places �it�in t�e sc�ool en�ironment ��ere pupils can restore
t�eir cogniti�e performance� (2) Are t�ere any effects of different in- and outdoor sc�ool en�ironments on
t�e psyc�ological and cogniti�e �ealt� of pupils�
��e study is carried out in cooperation �it� t�ree �iennese sc�ools and is funded by t�e Austrian researc�
programme ��parkling �cience� of t�e Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, �cience and Researc�� Due to
t�e focus of t�e funding program, an inter- and transdisciplinary approac� �as applied� Researc�ers from
recreation planning, en�ironmental �ealt� and en�ironmental engineering �ork toget�er �it� pupils ��o act
on t�ree le�els� as a study group, as affected actors and as researc�ers� �n order to e�plore t�e first researc�
topic, t�e pupils created mental maps of t�eir sc�ool en�ironment� ��e second researc� �uestion �as
ans�ered by measurements of psyc�o-p�ysiological �ealt� effects of different en�ironments, ��ic� �ere
carried out bet�een May and �une 201�� Close to �0 pupils (from 1� to 1� years) participated in t�e
measurements, spending a �0-minute recreation period in t�e follo�ing areas� classroom, green classroom,
sc�ool grounds in-�outdoor, urban parks� ��e standardi�ed measurements included psyc�ological (self-
condition scale by �itsc�, percei�ed restorati�eness scale) and cogniti�e (d2 �est of Attention) met�ods�
��e mental maps indicated t�at t�e o�n class �as often c�osen as a stress location due to bad air ��ile
gymnasiums and sports fields �ere al�ays considered as restorati�e places� Results of t�e psyc�ological and
cogniti�e measurements s�o�ed t�at t�e sub�ecti�e �ell-being significantly increased after t�e stay in all
selected in- and outdoor locations� Comparison of classrooms and parks indicated t�at sub�ecti�e percei�ed
stress �as significantly reduced at bot� sites, �it� a �ig�er le�el in t�e parks� �t can be concluded t�at sc�ool
breaks are crucial for pupils to restore mental performance and increase t�e �ell-being ��et�er t�e break is
�eld in a classroom, on sc�ool grounds or in a park� Generally, parks are seen as more rela�ing places�
�
T�� H������ F����� � H����� � ����������
49
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
E����� �� U���� ������ L�������� ���������� �� ����������� ���������� �� S����
��������
�ae-�ee ��M, �yung-Rae ��M , and �eong-�ak ��
�n�������on� �ational �nstitute of Forest �cience � �out� �orea
Con����� kt�90�4�korea�kr, �e�o��korea�kr
����o���� H�at �a��� H�at �slan�� Lan�s�ap�
More fre�uent and more se�ere �eat �a�e e�ents due to climate c�ange alongside �it� increase in urban
�eat island caused by continuous urbani�ation are becoming serious issue in many regions around t�e �orld�
��e e�treme temperature �as dangerous effect on �uman �ealt�, especially for t�ose �it� �ig�er
�ulnerability, suc� as �ery young or elderly generations�
�eoul �as a �ery �ig� population density (1�,000 people�km2), ��ic� is eig�t times �ig�er t�an �e� �ork and
t�ree times �ig�er t�an �okyo and �ondon� A �ig� urbani�ation le�el and t�e �ig� population density, makes
it easy to accumulate �eat energy �it�in t�e city� Urban �eat island p�enomenon occurs �ery often in summer,
and p�enomenon suc� as tropical nig�t �as persisted for a long time, causing great damage due to �eat� �n
201�, t�e number of days of �eat �a�es �it� ma�imum temperature of more t�an �� degrees Celsius,
continued for �1 days, and t�e duration of �eat �a�es (201� �orea Meteorological Administration) �as also
gradually increased� ��e number of deat�s from �eat stroke �as also steadily increased� Due to t�e city�s
t�ermal c�aracteristics, in �eoul, it is essential to reduce t�e temperature� Urban forests are effecti�e in sol�ing
t�ese t�ermal energy accumulation, ��ic� is ��y people�s demand for urban forests continues to gro� and
researc� is under�ay�
�e e�amined t�e c�ange in temperature according to t�e landscape structure of t�e city and effect of t�e
urban forest� �o calculate t�e surface temperature of t�e city, �e used t�e �andsat � satellite data� �n order
to analy�e t�e effect of urban forests, �eoul �as di�ided into a grid �it� a resolution of 1km � 1km� Moreo�er,
t�e landscape analysis tool of �G�� �as used to analy�e t�e landscape of �eoul� �n addition, basic researc� �as
conducted to establis� policies for urban forests by analy�ing t�e structure of urban forests in �eoul and
additionally by in�estigating t�e mitigation effect by trees�
T�� H������ F����� � H����� � ����������
�0
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
T�� H������ F����� � S�����
�1
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
S������ 2 T�� S��������
F�����
T�� S�������� F�����
�2
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
T�� S�������� F�����
��
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
N�� ����� ������� ��� ������� � ��������� ��� ��������� ������� �� ����� ��������
��� ��� ������ ���� �� ���������� ������ �������������� ��������
Alan ��M���
�n�������on� �eeds Beckett Uni�ersity � U�
Con����� a�simson�leedsbeckett�ac�uk
����o���� �r�an For�stry� �sy�holo�i�al ��otional an� Spiritual Ti�s �ith Tr��s� �ulti��ultural �r�anis�
��e felling and clearance of trees to make �ay for agriculture and t�e e�pansion and progress of �uman
ci�ilisation is an acti�ity ��ic� �as gone on practically uniterupted for t�ousands of years, and is still
continuing� �n one sense, because trees �a�e al�ays stood in t�e �ay of progress, it mig�t appear t�at �uman
beings �ad little regard for suc� natural ob�ects� �arado�ically, not�ing could be furt�er from t�e trut�, and
��ilst �uman beings �a�e seemingly stri�en in recent times to tame nature, in earlier times trees �ad a
dominant influence upon �uman life, imagination and spiritual de�elopment, and �ere considered sacred in
many cultures in e�ery corner of t�e �orld� �o� t�at most of us li�e and �ork in to�ns and cities, it could be
argued t�at, compared to our forebears, �e are no� more alienated and di�orced from t�e land, t�e natural
�orld and t�is intimate relations�ip �it� trees�
��at said, t�e benefits t�at trees can bring to our urban areas �a�e been kno�n for some time, but it �as
really only �it� t�e ad�ent of t�e concept of urban forestry in t�e late 20t� century, and t�e resulting researc�
into t�e benefits of urban forestry t�at �as subse�uently taken places, t�at t�e �ery broad spectrum of t�ese
benefits �as been establis�ed and �uantified� �it�out a doubt, trees and �oodlands �a�e t�e potential to
play a significant role in t�e �iability and e�periential �uality of our multi-cultural urban en�ironments, and
t�us urban forestry �as increasingly gained political traction in many to�ns and cities across t�e �orld,
impro�ing t�e �ealt� and �ell-being of t�eir citi�ens as a result�
�t could be argued �o�e�er t�at t�e promotion of urban forestry �as all too often centred upon a fairly narro�
spectrum of scientific benefits, t�e merits of ��ic� �a�e not al�ays c�imed �it� or con�inced local
communities� ��is presentation �ill suggest t�erefore t�at a muc� broader perspecti�e is re�uired ��en
promoting urban forestry and engaging �it� local multi-cultural communities� ��is perspecti�e must promote
and take into consideration t�e deep psyc�ological, emotional and spiritual ties t�at people potentially �a�e
�it� t�eir urban forests, in t�e full kno�ledge t�at t�e trees in around our to�ns and cities �a�e t�e potential
to be t�e �uintessential symbol of biological e�olution, interconnecting all our multi-cultural communities �it�
nature by s�ining ne� lig�t t�roug� old �indo�s, and t�us promoting �iable urban futures for us all�
T�� S�������� F�����
�4
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
F������ F������: B������ ������� ��� ������
Andreas BER�A�C���
�n�������on� �an Bern AG � ��it�erland
Con����� andreas�bernasconi�panbern�c�
����o���� Fun�ral For�sts� �ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� For�st �ana����nt
�piritual forest spaces �a�e a rising importance in society� �ne e�ample of t�is trend is t�e funeral forest� �n
��it�erland only 10� of t�e deceased are still buried in a coffin, it is common to spread or bury t�e departed�s
as�es (Donner 201�)� Bet�een 2009 and 201� in Germany t�e number of tree burials doubled up to 4��000
per year (Bauer und �c�raml 201�)�
Funeral forests are sacred places, grounded on t�o Cultural Ecosystem �er�ices (CE�) of outstanding
importance� (a) spiritual and religious meaning and (b) a space of long duration, linking ancestors �it� nature�
As CE� are linked to symbolic meaning, t�ey cannot be e�plained by t�e functioning of Ecosystems alone
(�irc��off 201�)�
Funeral forests are attracti�e e�amples for practitioners as �ell as for researc�ers� t�e ob�ect of interest � a
single tree � can be considered at t�e same time as a topic of t�e ecological �orld (as �ell as a symbol of
people�s e�pectations� Forest management measures t�erefore bridge t�o �orlds and sustain natural as �ell
as social �alues�
�n a case study �it�in ���CERE (201�) funeral forests �ere analysed focusing on � aspects� (�) Around 1�0
trees, offered for burial places, �ere in�entoried� ��at kind of trees �ere selected by t�e forest o�ner and
��y� �n t�e ot�er �and� ��ic� trees attracted � so far - interest of clients and ��y� And �o� �ill t�e forest
be managed in t�e future� ��e criteria for selecting t�e trees and t�e reasoning and preferences of clients for
c�oosing specific trees are presented�
(��) ��e case is also an e�ample of inno�ation� ne� offers �ad to be created, ne� procedures to be establis�ed
and ne� skills to be de�eloped� ��e most important inno�ation mec�anisms are e�plored�
(���) �n a more general le�el fostering and in�ibiting policy factors for or against t�e creation of funeral forests
�ere analysed� ��e results are s�o�n and conse�uences for future forest management, policy and capacity
building discussed�
������n���
Donner � (201�) �et�te Ru�e nac� Mass�
Bauer und �c�raml (201�) Der �ald als Bestattungsort� �n� AF�-Der �ald, 1�� �4-���
�irc��off � (201�) ��ulturelle �kosystemdienstleistungen�� Eine begrifflic�e und met�odisc�e �ritik� �erlag �arl Alber�
1�� ��
���CERE (201�) �purring ��no�ations for Forest ECosystem �ER�ices in Europe� (a European Un-ion�s �ori�on 2020
researc� and inno�ation programme under grant agreement �o ����02)�
T�� S�������� F�����
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
T�� S�������� U���� F����� � � ������� �� ������������
Cecil ������E�D����
�n�������on� ��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada
Con����� cecil�koni�nendi�k�ubc�ca
����o���� Spirituality� �ultural �alu�s� �la��� ���i�ration
��e spiritual �alues and importance of our urban forests are often ignored in design, planning and
management� �o�e�er, t�ese and related (cultural) �alues are often crucial, for e�ample in connecting local
urban residents and place� ��is presentation re�ie�s t�e current state of kno�ledge and practice on t�is topic,
focusing on �istorical and present spiritual �alues of urban forests� �t also identifies some e�amples and good
practice of inclusion of t�ese �alues into urban forestry� �n a globalising and urbanising �orld, urban residents
are looking for meaningful connection to t�e landscapes in and �it� ��ic� t�ey li�e� �pirituality, religion,
belonging and place identity, creati�ity, and learning are all contributing to t�is connection, and urban forests
can contribute to all� From t�e First �ations to Canadian cities to t�e many �ne�comers� to cities across t�e
�orld ��o bring along t�eir o�n cultural and spiritual interpretations of landscapes, e�amples e�ist of �o�
urban forests �a�e spiritual importance�
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C��������� ���� ����������� ����� ������ �� ������������ ����� �������
Romena �U�
�n�������on� �cottis� Forestry � U�
Con����� romena��u��forestry�go��uk
����o���� Faith� �o��uniti�s� �ultural ��r��ptions
Di�ersity �as al�ays been at t�e core of t�e �cottis� Forestry �ork and at t�e �eart of our culture�
��e aim of t�e Central �cotland Engagement �rogramme is to increase t�e use of �oodlands by people �it�
protected c�aracteristics� �ince 2010 o�er 110 different di�erse organisations �a�e been engaged in a range
of acti�ities and e�ents to encourage access and en�oyment of �oodlands�
�n Central �cotland it �as clear t�at t�e ma�ority of e�ents and acti�ities deli�ered �it�in �oodlands �ere
based around C�ristian festi�als �it� �ery fe� participants from et�nic minority communities or ot�er fait�
groups� Most ma�or fait�s �a�e a common t�read linking t�em to nature and guardians�ip of t�e eart�� ��is
link �as used to engage �it� groups and e�plore t�e opportunities t�at t�eir local �oodlands �ad to offer in
�elping t�em to celebrate t�eir fait��
��e fait� groups engaged lead on t�e design, preparation and deli�ery of t�e celebrations �it� support from
�cottis� Forestry� �e in�ol�ed t�e �olunteer Community C�ampions ��o �ent t�roug� our training course
some of ��om are from t�e engaged fait� community to inspire� encourage and break do�n t�e barriers to
t�eir groups accessing t�eir local and urban �oodlands�
��ere are inspiring �isual images of o�er 20 fait� celebrations including�
�� �oli� ��e �indu �pring festi�al also kno�n as t�e festi�al of colours� Acti�ities included making natural
coloured dyes representing t�e se�en colours of �oli, fire building and Rangoli, on t�e forest floor�
�� �agB�omer� �e�is� �oliday t�ere is a tradition of lig�ting fires in t�e memory of t�o rabbis� bo�s and
arro�s �ere made �it� nati�e �illo� and a competition at t�e end of t�e day in reference to t�e
rainbo�, a symbol of di�ine protection�
�� Eid al Ad�a� Muslim festi�al ��ic� incorporates t�e story and rituals of t�e pilgrimage to Mecca,
�ealt�y �oodland circular �alks symbolised t�e �a�� and pilgrimage stations�
�� �aisak�i� marking t�e �ik� �e� �ear and �pring �ar�est� En�ironmental art in �pring colours �as
created along �it� �ealt� and �ellbeing acti�ities suc� as yoga and breat�ing �orks�ops�
�� �nterfait�� A series of interfait� sessions �ere deli�ered focusing on significant and �oly trees in
different fait� traditions� A s�ort film captured �o� all fait�s s�are an appreciation of nature and care
for t�e en�ironment (�ttps�������youtube�com��atc�����suoo����Ac)
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�C��� ���� � ���� ���� ��� E�������� ������� ������� ������ ���������� ���
��������� � � ����������� ����� �� ����� ���������� �� �����������
�ibylle R��� and Andy �E��ER
�n�������on� Uni�ersity Freiburg � Germany
Con����� si�yll��roth�i�p�uni��r�i�ur����
����o���� �lace Making, Forest Usage��erception, �alk along �nter�ie�, �ellbeing, Mu�e
��e aim of t�is presentation is to introduce to t�e frame�ork of place making of �umans in forests t�roug�
t�e lenses of t�e concept �Mu�e�� ��is concept is understood as a state t�at can be e�perienced in times of
self-determination and self-regulation� �it�in t�is e�perience, indi�iduals can follo� t�eir o�n interests �it�
inner peace and �it�out t�e pressure of time� All studies, dealing �it� t�e Mu�e state a strong affinity
bet�een spaces and t�e components being detac�ed from daily routine, and its time restrictions as �ell as
concentrati�eness and a�areness� �imultaneously studies ��ic� in�estigate t�e recreation use of forests
consistently describe t�at people percept t�eir �isits of forests as immersion into anot�er �orld and �ence
into a possible spaces for Mu�e� �e start from t�e assumption t�at place making and t�e perception of Mu�e
is a matter of indi�idual frames and as �ell strongly influenced by social discourses pro�iding t�e structure for
indi�idual frames� �o�e�er, so far t�e literature dealing �it� Mu�e rele�ant issues in forests concentrated
eit�er on t�e discursi�e (macro) le�el or on t�e perceptions of indi�iduals (micro le�el)� �o o�ercome t�e
separated researc� tradition and better understand t�e interlinkage bet�een t�e structure pro�iding
discourses and t�e indi�idual perceptions, �e de�eloped a bridging t�eoretical frame�ork� �nce introduced
to t�is frame�ork �e are s�aring results and open for discussion on our empirical study� �e aim to identify
t�e aspects t�at constitute Mu�e spaces in forests�
��e met�od used and material gained during an empirical p�ase in summer 201� are �0 indi�idual place
perceptions of urban forest �isitors represented t�roug� �ualitati�e go-along inter�ie� sets� ��ese inter�ie�s
��ere transcribed and coded to gain a t�ematic o�er�ie�� ��e results are s�o�ing ��ic� aspects determine
t�e construction of indi�idual Mu�e places in forests� ��e �ealt� researc� in forests identifies Mu�e as one of
t�e basic factors of �ellbeing and �ealt��
��e results s�o� ne� insig�ts into perceptions and e�periences of indi�iduals in forests� ��roug� t�e studies
been undertaken, �e can identify causalities regarding to indi�iduals appreciate t�e most during t�eir forest
�isits and ��at t�ey rat�er �ant to a�oid� A significant amount of forest �isitors of our study group seeks t�e
forest for di�erse concepts like solitude, peace and �uiet, ��ic� �ill be e�plained in t�e presentation�
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�B���� ������� � ����������� ��������� ��� ��������� ���������� �� � ���� �� ��� �����
�tep�anie BE��MA�� and E�a B�A��E
�n�������on� Forest Researc� �nstitute (F�A) Baden-��rttemberg, Department of Forest and �ociety � Germany
Con����� step�anie�bet�mann�forst�b�l�de, E�a�Blaise�forst�b�l�de
����o���� For�st ���r�ation� Spirituality� �ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� For�st �on�li�ts� �arti�ipation�
�ualitati�� ��s�ar�h� So�iolo�y� �ral History
��en forest �isitors describe t�eir e�perience of �alking in t�e �oods, t�ey rarely put t�eir feelings in
religious terms� But a close reading of t�eir narrati�es and practices s�o�s t�at forests are an important source
for spiritual e�periences� For many people, forests ser�e as reminders t�at as �umans t�ey are not opposed
to nature, but rat�er intimately connected �it� it, t�emsel�es sub�ect to t�e order of t�e natural �orld�
��roug� t�eir (recreational) practices, people produce a specific nature e�perience t�at �e coin �ere �being
nature��
��e talk traces t�e c�anging meanings of �being nature� t�roug� a �ide range of �ualitati�e data� inter�ie�s
�it� citi�ens from rural and urban areas in sout�-�est Germany, �it� members of forest-related citi�en
initiati�es, and �it� forestry practitioners� �e account for �istorical c�ange by comparing bet�een older and
younger generations� And based on a study of forest conflicts, �e also consider some political implications of
t�e spiritual dimension in relations�ips to forests� ��e �ays t�at citi�ens address t�eir �ie�s and �orries about
legitimate forest use are in many �ays incompatible �it� t�e scientific and bureaucratic �argon t�at alone is
deemed �rational�� ��is antagonism occasionally escalates conflicts and limits t�e possibilities for political
discourse and participation�
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B������� ������� ���������� �� ������ �� C���� �������� ������� R������ ��������
Ana ���A and �ladimir B�C
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Agronomic �ciences and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest � Romania
Con����� ana��ita199��ya�oo�com, �ladimirboc�gmail�com
����o���� Spiritual For�st� �i�li�al �ar��ns� Sa�r�� Spa��
��e paper deals �it� t�e researc� and �alorisation of t�e relations�ip bet�een sacred spaces and forest
landscapes t�roug� t�e insertion of biblically-t�emed gardens into a 20 �a monastic domain, surrounded by
t�e forests of C�eia mountain resort, located in central Romania� ��e site is crossed by a natural �ater course
�it� t�o ponds and comprises a series of mi�ed tree groups and gro�es, increasing t�e landscape di�ersity of
C�eia �rt�odo� Monastery area�
��e first stage of t�e pro�ect consists in a comple� researc� of t�e site from a cultural, �istorical, functional,
ecological and �isual point of �ie�� Follo�ing t�e site assessment, a landscape rede�elopment strategy is
proposed t�roug� minimal inter�entions� �t is intended to introduce biblical t�ematic gardens focused on t�e
conser�ation of t�e dendrological �egetation, on t�e �alorisation of t�e local ambiances t�roug� �isual and
functional integration of t�e site in t�e conte�t of t�e mountain forest landscape and C�eia resort� ��e
proposed �egetation presents a distinct symbolic �alue in eac� t�ematic area t�at confers a particular �isual
identity and a specific spiritual role�
��e conclusions re�eal t�e �ig� potential of t�e site from �isual, en�ironmental and touristic point of �ie��
��e opportunity to increase t�e attracti�eness of t�e monastic domain is �ig�lig�ted by inserting multiple
uses, suc� as educational, religious, cultural, recreational etc�
� �
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S����� R������ ������ �� L��������: R�������� �������� ��������
�atalin �UBA and Ge�a �E�EME�
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of �opron, �nstitute of �il�iculture and Forest �rotection � �ungary
Con����� tuba�katalin�emk�nyme��u, ge�kelemen�gmail�com
��������� �ross�s� �aysi�� Shrin�s� �ro��� Lo�al �o��uniti�s� Lo�al Histori� ���nts� Har�ony
Religion and forests �a�e al�ays been linked since t�e �ery beginning� A forest can ser�e as a rela�ing place
bot� p�ysically and mentally� �t is like a s�elter, a �ermit or e�en a burial place� Countless signs of t�is
connection can be found in our close en�ironment�
�n 2014 t�e bis�op of County �as turned to t�e local en�ironmental and agricultural aut�orities� t�e forest
department and t�e plant protection and soil conser�ation department �is aim �as to �elp to collect t�e
religious memorial sites in t�e area� �n our study, �e completed and analysed t�is database, based on different
aspects�
��ese religious sites �a�e been in�estigated in order to obser�e t�ese locations, t�eir surroundings and t�e
c�anges t�at occurred from t�eir establis�ment� �e also intended to find out if t�ey �a�e any �istorical
conte�t� ��o takes care t�eir maintenance� And in ��at �ay�
�early �00 religious sites �as gat�ered in frame�ork of t�is pro�ect� �e�eral types of religious memorial sites
�ere registered�
A substantial number of t�ese sites are situated inside t�e urban forests, not far from t�e to�ns or �illages�
��e religious monuments t�at are located in settlements, almost al�ays stand in a gro�e or close by trees�
�umerous s�rines are located nearby springs� ��e religious memorial sites usually �a�e a close connection to
t�e local �istory, sometimes to national �istoric e�ents�
�n t�e last fi�e or si� years t�e state forest companies �a�e spent substantial amounts of money on t�e
de�elopment of recreation facilities in forest areas� ��e maintenance of religious sites are managed by local
communities regardless of t�eir location� ��is care is more intensi�e t�an t�e care of ot�er �ell-kno�n
recreation tools and places� �t is partly due to t�is fact t�at t�ese s�rines are unusually old�
��ese s�rines �a�e �ad an e�tended role lately� ��ey used to be establis�ed to sign important spots and to
inform people about t�ose ��o passed a�ay �ere, about a story or a danger, to protect against �ail, ice storm
or diseases, to symbolise t�e recollection and t�e gratefulness� �o�adays t�ese s�rines are included in tourist
and t�ematic pat�s or t�ey are linked to pilgrimages or geocac�ing places�
��e religious memorial sites and t�eir surroundings �a�e become t�e eternal part of t�e landscape in �ungary
because t�ey create a triple �armony� t�at of t�e psyc�e, t�e local �istory and t�e nature�
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F����� �������� ������������ ��� ������ ���������� �� ����� ������� ��������� ��
B������ ������ ��������
�itali�a �����A����E �E�R�a and �atriina �����b
�n�������on� aUni�ersit� �ibre de Bru�elles, U�B � Belgium� b��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences, ��U �
��eden
Con����� �itali�a��o�ilaityte-�etri��otmail�com
����o���� For�st� �ultur�� Spirituality� �atur�� �onn��tion
According to Rio Forest �rinciples �forest resources and forest lands s�ould be sustainably managed to meet
t�e social, economic, ecological, cultural and spiritual needs of present and future generations� �1�� �ocial
�alues of t�e forests include positi�e psyc�ological effects, aest�etic �uality, and emotional and spiritual
benefits �2�� Understanding of spiritual needs and benefits related to sustainable urban forest management is
a comple� issue, especially in di�erse metropoles like Brussels t�at is �ome to nearly 200 nationalities �it�
different cultural, religious and educational backgrounds ���� �ome attempts to understand t�e meaning of
spirituality to contemporary indi�iduals and to in�estigate links bet�een nature-based recreation, spirituality
and �ealt� in urban en�ironments �a�e been publis�ed �4�� �n 2009 Roscoe addressed spirituality in terms of
a system of personal �alues and beliefs t�at �elp �uman being to find meaning and purpose in life t�roug� �a
s�ared connection or community �it� ot�ers, nature, t�e uni�erse, and a �ig�er po�er� ����
�n our study �e analysed links bet�een forest culture, spirituality and nature connection in urban forests
practices in and around t�o Belgian cities, Brussels and G�ent, focusing on on-going forest acti�ities and
inter�entions, namely forest bat�ing, forest t�erapy, nature mindfulness, green e�ercise, forest �alks and
forest foraging�
�e listed and analysed t�e number of urban forests based inter�entions and classified t�em according to t�e
follo�ing criteria� to ��ic� target groups t�ose acti�ities are directed, ��at is t�eir aim, on ��ic� cultural
tradition and �alues are t�e inter�entions built and de�eloped, ��at met�odologies are used and �o� t�eir
efficacy is e�aluated�
������n���
�ttps�������un�org�documents�ga�conf1�1�aconf1�12�-�anne����tm �1�
C�iesura, A� ��e role of urban parks for t�e sustainable city� �andscape Urban �lan�, 2004, ��, 129-1�� �2��
�ttp���statistics�brussels�figures�did-you-kno���o�-many-different-nationalities-li�e-in-brussels���FB���rs�D� ����
Baur, �� �� R� Urban green spaces, recreation and spiritual e�periences, �eisure��oisir, 201�, 42(2), 20�-229 �4��
Roscoe, �� �� �ellness� A re�ie� of t�eory and measurement for counselors� �ournal of Counseling � De�elopment, 2009,
��(2), 21��22� ����
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S������ ��1 T�� L�������
F����� Forest
�aboratories
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W������� � U���� ������� �� ��������� ���� ��� ������������ ������ ������
�ulia G�C��E
�n�������on� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity � Germany
Con����� �gaeckle�la�r�t�-aac�en�de
����o���� �r�an For�st� ��p�ri��ntal ��si�n� �p�n Spa�� �lannin�� Lo�al ���ntity
Recently t�emes like forest bat�ing, contact �it� nature or a return to t�e �uman senses are increasingly
featured on t�e co�ers of lifestyle maga�ines, ��ic� s�o�s t�at t�ese topics are becoming more rele�ant to
t�e public�
�ublic green spaces can ser�e as places of recreation and rela�ation, especially for people ��o li�e and �ork
in t�e urban en�ironment� �e�er publications discuss �uestions regarding t�o abilities of t�ese spaces� to
follo� ne� trends for usage as �ell as function (�GBU report� �Der Um�ug der Mensc��eit - Die
transformati�e �raft der �t�dte) and to satisfy t�e desire for � special moments �in e�eryday urban life�
��is presentation �ill present and compare pro�ects ��ic� test inno�ati�e green spaces as ne� design forms
for urban spaces�
�e�, e�perimental forms of urban green, compact, sometimes temporary urban forests, are already being
e�plored in many public space pro�ects� For e�ample, t�e arc�itect Asif ��an combines arc�itectural elements
�it� green structures in �is �Forest Bat�ing� installation in �ondon, offering people in t�is public place a special
place to come toget�er� �eople can easily sociali�e in t�is �ay and becoming a part of t�e local community�
��e Bankside Urban Forest pro�ect in �ondon also manages to design comfortable green spaces �it� a focus
on t�e �uman scale �it� ne� green structures� ��e t�eory of Biop�ilic Urban Acupuncture, states t�at �umans
often need �green� to feel comfortable and t�at especially many smaller green spatial inter�entions in t�e city
can �a�e an enormous effect on �ell-being�
E�perimental green structures in t�e urban landscape seem to strengt�en a sense of en�ironmental a�areness
as �ell as a sense of community� �o�e�er, for t�ese kinds of inter�entions to be feasible in t�e long term and
at different places, a ne� understanding of responsibility for maintenance �as to be establis�ed at t�e local
citi�en and community le�el� Relating to t�ese problems, � �ill gi�e an outlook on possible ideas for t�e future�
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W������������� �������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ��� �������� ������ ����������
�oost ME�ER�
�n�������on� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Faculty of Arc�itecture � Germany
Con����� �meyer�plastik�arc��r�t�-aac�en�de
����o���� �on��pt �or �r�hit��tur� Stu��nt ���ursion� ��sth�ti�al ��ar�n�ss an� �han�� o� ��rsp��ti�� �or
For�st �on�ition� Sustaina�l� an� ��sour����ons�ious ��si�n �ro���ur�s
Report on a � day student e�cursion (R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, faculty for arc�itecture) in cooperation �it�
t�e �allendar City Forestry Bureau�
��at starts �it� a c�ild�ood dream of immersing into t�e forest to build your o�n treetop �ut under easiest
circumstances aims at sensiti�ing arc�itecture students for ecological balance, sustainable and resource-
conscious design procedures�
�ome t�ings can�t be learned, t�ey �a�e to be e�perienced to let t�eoretical become applied kno�ledge� ��e
primary task of t�is e�cursion �as to in�estigate t�e demands and conditions for sustainable li�ing during a
�sur�i�al camp� in t�e forest� Building a tree �ouse only from materials gat�ered on site to sleep at nig�t� �t
embodies a playful approac� to t�e arc�aic origins of arc�itecture as �ell as its tig�t connection to forestry
resources� resources in t�e sense of material related aspects, as �ell as t�e aest�etical perception of t�em�
��is �ands-on approac� �as only possible t�roug� t�e cooperation �it� t�e forester of t�e City of �allendar,
s�aring �is kno�ledge and inside �ie� into t�e specific situation and allo�ing to inter�ene in t�e scene� �nly
condition to t�is �as to �andle t�e forest in a respectful manner and t�at t�e built structures could be
reassembled �it�out maintaining �arm to t�e forest� t�e intention �as to learn from t�e forest and
understand its �be�a�iour� as a catalyst for e�plorati�e and sustainable design strategies� ��e results �ere
�o�en, bound and easily connected lea�es, branc�es and smaller trunks assembled into atmosp�eric s�elters
and installations, ��ic� directly responded to t�e re�uirements� ��e core of t�e e�ercise lies in t�e perception
of t�e en�ironment and its influence on one�s o�n actions in a practical �ay� ��is �as accompanied by a
dialogue and discussions �it� foresters, �unters, �isitors and �anderers on site�
�perating on a comple�, acti�e en�ironment left traces on all participants� �n one �and, participating students
left a trace in t�e forest and on t�e ot�er, t�e forest e�perience left a trace in t�e consciousness of t�e students
for ecological balance in aest�etical and resource related issues� ��is approac� �as only possible �it� a small
group of participants, but t�e aspiration is, t�at t�roug� t�e ongoing discussions t�is gained kno�ledge is
s�ared in a multiple �ay� to understand t�e forest neit�er as a passi�e material resource, nor recreational
place only, but to get a multifaceted perspecti�e onto it�
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D������ T����������: W������� ���� ����� A������ S������� ����
Robin ����GR��D
�n�������on� �tudio �ulkan �andscape Arc�itecture � ��it�erland
Con����� presse�studio�ulkan�c�
����o���� �oo�lan� �ar�� For�st La�oratory� �irport �ar�� �ro��ssual ��si�n� For�stry La�s �s� ���r�ation
�n 201� �tudio �ulkan �on an international competition for t�e ne� park at �uric� Airport, in ��ic� t�e
transformation of t�e �0�000m2 e�isting landscape fragment c�oreograp�s t�e strict la�s of natural and
�oodland protection as central design elements of t�e park� ��e airport is currently being catapulted to one
of t�e most dynamic and dense sites of ��it�erland, �it� t�e ne� 1�0,000 m2 multi-comple� Circle building
from �apanese arc�itect �amamoto surrounding t�e �umble �ill, ironically setting it up as a place of
contemplation for potential t�ousands of daily �isitors and employees�
�n ��it�erland t�e pro�ect is seen as a pioneer in t�e city forest trend, sussing out freedom for recreational
spaces �it�in strict forestry la�s� �n t�e face of rapid densification on t�e urban fringe t�e central �uestion of
t�e �inning design is t�e compatibility of recreation, �oodlands and natural protection� �ur ans�er lies in t�e
c�oreograp�y of t�e site�s in�erent c�aracteristics to become a strongly atmosp�eric e�perience of t�e
comple�, contemporary urban landscape� ��e �ill, a glacier moraine, �as been transformed o�er t�e years by
layerings of e�ca�ation material and artificially implanted ecological measures to form a kind of �edding cake
of artificially natural landscapes� ��e design searc�es to e�press t�is strange compilation of and dialogue
bet�een urban and landscape elements� �it�in t�is design narrati�e t�e e�isting �oodland, planted in 19�0,
is a young, dense and inaccessible, monotone t�icket� �e�ly, t�e �oods must become a multi-tasker, being
redefined to offer ric� e�periences in a process-oriented transformation o�er time�
Anders Busse �ielsen, founder of t�e ��edis� �aldlabor (forest laboratory) and already aboard in t�e
competition team, is pro�ect consultant� ��e transformation of t�e �oods t�roug� �creati�e management� is
no� guided by our �forest team� of biologists, go�ernmental and pri�ate foresters and landscape arc�itects�
Radically ne� for t�e Canton of �uric� are measures suc� as t�e con�ersion from �oodland to �open
�oodland�, allo�ing grass as ground co�er, so�ing perennials in t�e �oods or allo�ing c�osen solitary trees
to unfold in t�eir natural, poetic form�
��e lecture �ill describe t�e analysis of t�is �eterogeneous site, its forest c�allenges, goals and concrete
measures to integrate recreation, imagination, ecology and forest practice construction�
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E������������ ���� ���������� ��� �������������� �� ��� A����� L��������
L���������
�tefan Darlan B�R��
�n�������on� Aar�us �c�ool of Arc�itecture � Denmark
Con����� sdb�aarc��dk
����o���� Lan�s�ap� �r�hit��tur�� Lan�s�ap� La�oratory� ��p�ri��ntation� ��aptation� Trans�or�ation�
�r�an �atur�
��is paper takes its point of departure t�e ne�ly establis�ed Aar�us �andscape �aboratory on Eskelund, a 20
�ectares urban-industrial �oodland placed on a former �aste deposit along t�e Aar�us Ri�er less t�an a
kilometer from t�e city center of Aar�us, Denmark�
��e Aar�us �andscape �aboratory is t�e fift� of its kind in t�e �ordic countries, t�e ot�ers being Alnarp
��sterskog, �noge�olm, �letten and ��ben�a�ns Bysko�, and differs from its fello� landscape laboratories on
t�ree points� Firstly, by being an already establis�ed site �it� e�isting 2�-year old plantings and self-
establis�ed �abitats� �econdly, by �a�ing a deep and profound �istory of transformation o�er time� ��irdly,
related to t�e second point, it is placed in a �ig�ly urban conte�t in t�e larger territory of t�e Aar�us Ri�er
Catc�ment Area (AARCA), ��ic� is undergoing a continued series of transformations caused by ant�ropogenic
processes and urbani�ation�
Apart from incorporating met�ods and approac�es from t�e ot�er landscape laboratories t�is calls for an
e�plorati�e approac� to bot� territory, site and e�periments ��ere (1) adaptation, as in ackno�ledging and
e�ploring t�e potentials of t�e e�isting, and (2) transformation, as in e�ploring t�e continued act of c�ange on
t�e site, bot� play a big role in creating ne� futures for Eskelund�
��is �as been e�plored in t�o �ays� Firstly, by using t�e site as an out-door classroom ��ere arc�itecture
students from t�e Aar�us �c�ool of Arc�itecture �a�e made a series of temporary inter�entions t�at e�plore
and communicate spatial and e�periential aspects of Eskelund� �econdly by using t�e site as a cross-
disciplinary researc� platform for arc�itects, biologists and artists to e�plore ne� urban natures in 1�1� ��o
e�periments are of particular interest (establis�ed 201� and 201�)�
��e first e�periment consists of a ��000m2 transplantation of nutrient poor but biodi�ersity ric� �abitats from
a donor site furt�er do�nstream to Eskelund as a nutrient ric� but biodi�ersity poor recipient site� ��e key
goals of t�e transplantation being to e�plore adaptation of t�e donor site to t�e site-specific conditions of
Eskelund and to in�estigate if and if so �o� t�is adaptation continues in t�e future�
��e second e�periment consists of t�e establis�ment of � � 10 m �ide clearings in a 2�-year old planting �it�
an o�erarc�ing goal to e�plore t�e relations�ip bet�een site �istory, spatial atmosp�eres and potential
increase in biodi�ersity
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S������ ��2 T�� L�������
F����� En�ironmental
Education
T�� L������� F����� � E������������ E��������
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E������������ ��������� �� ����� ��������� �� ��� R��� ���� ��������
�erena ��E�U��, �atrin �C��E�DER, Corinne BUC� and �eter �E��
�n�������on� Biological �tation �est Ru�rgebiet � Germany
Con����� �erena�nie�uis�bs�r�de, peter�keil�bs�r�de
����o���� �r�an For�st in th� �uhr ��tropolitan �r�a� ��tra�urri�ular L�arnin� �n�iron��nt� ��u�ation �or
Sustaina�l� ����lop��nt
��e urban forest in t�e Ru�r metropolitan area offer as an e�tracurricular learning en�ironment an ideal
setting for action-oriented nature e�perience� �c�oolc�ildren get to kno� and appreciate t�e surroundings of
t�eir urban �uarter� C�ildren are sensiti�ed to t�eir en�ironment and teac�ers are encouraged to do more
teac�ing outside t�e classrooms� ��roug� en�ironmental education in urban forest t�e c�ildren learn �o�
di�erse t�eir en�ironment and t�e urban biotopes are� �o leisure acti�ities beyond �anging around indoors or
to be on t�e internet are made possible and t�ey see urban nature as a �aried enric�ment� ��is allo�s to act
in accordance �it� t�e re�uirements of B�E (Bildung f�r nac��altige Ent�icklung � Education for �ustainable
De�elopment)� E�tracurricular en�ironmental education fa�ours natural science skills, motor skills, language
de�elopment, creati�ity and social skills in t�e group� ��erefore, it is possible to adapt to future c�allenges�
E�ploratory learning in cooperati�e learning units in an e�tracurricular learning en�ironment (industrial
bro�nfields and urban forests) educates at social, communicati�e, inclusi�e and integrati�e le�els� ��n ideas
and e�periences are broug�t in by t�e c�ildren and t�e B��R employees only act as moderators and
supporters� �i� included (integrating disabled c�ildren�inclusion) and integrati�e pro�ects in urban forest �it�
t�e aforementioned en�ironmental pedagogical approac�es are presented� ��ey co�er �idely kno�s sites as
�andsc�aftspark Duisburg �ord as �ell as small industrial, semi-forested areas �it�in settlements or forest
parks and larger forest areas in t�e Ru�r metropolitan area� �c�oolc�ildren of all ages and all types of sc�ool
are addressed�
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A���� ��� ������� �� � �������������� ���������� ������ �� �������������� �� ��� �����
����� �� ����� ����
�li�er BA��E�
�n�������on� �andesbetrieb �ald und �ol� �ordr�ein-�estfalen � Germany
Con����� oli�er�balke��ald-und-�ol��nr��de
����o���� �ons��u�n��s o� an �r�an �ro�in��Spa�� �or S�all �hil�r�n� ����s o� �hil�r�n in th� First ��ars
o� Li��� ����rs an� �����ts o� �n�ustrial For�sts
Su�titl�� ��s�r�ations� �on��rns an� hop�s as an output o� t��nty y�ars in �or�st pra�tis�
�n t�e meantime se�en of ten �uman beings in Germany are li�ing in urban areas� ��e urban li�ing space cause
more and more �ell-kno�n detrimental effects on t�e p�ysical and mental �ealt��
�n t�is conte�t fre�uently t�e gro�n-ups are in t�e center of e�aminations� But enduring conse�uences, at
least for t�e ��ole furt�er life-time, are t�e result of an urban gro�ing-space for small c�ildren after t�eir first
years�
As a key-factor of t�e en�ironmental education in t�e industrial forest pro�ect, up from t�e start in 199�, t�e
kindergarten-groups are �a�ing a �ery particular importance� �ut of ��ic� situation in life does t�e forest
ranger catc� t�ese kids today� ��at are t�e specific offers of an industrial forest �it� focus on t�e needs of
t�ese small patients� �n ��ic� �ay does t�e offered forest e�perience cause direct and long-time influence�
An industrial forest-ranger reports as a practical person on t�ese �uestions�
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G���� L������� E����������� � T������ ���� ���� �������� �������� ��� ����������
�������� �� ��� ������� ����������� ��� �������� ���� ������� ����������� �����
Ur�a ����ARa, �efton B����b, Alyson B����R��Db, �ien CR�M���U�c, �an ��BE�d, Gudrun DE GRAU�Ee,
Rik DE �REE�Ef, �aleri�a E� �ABA���d, �atali�a G��RE�g, E�eline �E��DR�C��e, �ika ���ME���, �ynne
�EDGARDi, �esna M�RE�, �aul ���A��, �ristien ��M�c, �o�ica �E����d, Gregor ��D����, �o �A�ER��, Mar�eta
�M�D�, �erry ���Gi, �eerle C�AE��e, �an �ER�A�ER�k and �ef DE �R�Ek
�n�������on� �lo�enian Forestry �nstitutea, Bluebell �ark �c�oolb � U�� B���c � Belgium� �pecial �c�ool ��ubo
�ercer �o�e��ed � �lo�enia� �int Gregorius Buitenge�oon Basisonder�i�se � Belgium� European Forest �nstitutef
� Bonn� �nstitute for Forest �edagogicsg � �lo�enia� �pecial �c�ool �ela �ane�i�a �kof�a �oka� � �lo�enia� Green
�ane Community �pecial �c�ooli � U�� ��e Mersey Forest� � U�� M��G� �eemsc�ool 1k � Belgium
Con����� ursa��il�ar�go�dis�si
����o���� �atur�� �on�For�al L�arnin�� �hil�r�n� Sp��ial ��u�ational ����s� �ras�us� �ro���t
�laying and learning in forest and nature stimulates t�e imagination, creati�ity and entrepreneurs�ip� Besides,
nature is a great place to gain e�perience for t�e de�elopment of social and motor skills� ��e positi�e impact
of a green learning en�ironment is e�en more significant ��en �orking �it� c�ildren �it� mental disabilities,
learning disorders, attention disabilities (suc� as AD�D) and autism spectrum disorders� �n an informal natural
en�ironment, t�ese c�ildren learn better t�an in a classroom� A green learning en�ironment t�erefore
increases t�eir c�ances in society meaningfully�
�e present t�e results of t�e ERA�MU�� co-funded pro�ect �Green �earning En�ironments � �aking ad�antage
of t�e �timulating Green En�ironment for �on-Formal �earning �it� C�ildren �it� Cogniti�e Disabilities and
�earning Disorders�� �n t�is pro�ect si� specialised sc�ools and four organisations �orking �it� en�ironmental
education from Belgium, U� and �lo�enia e�c�anged kno�ledge, collected and tested t�e best practice in non-
formal learning in t�e natural en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special education needs� For t�is case studies
�ere used and inter�ie�s �it� e�perts from t�e t�ree countries in ��ic� currently t�ere is no standardised
nature-based skills on t�e curriculum�
�e present a compre�ensi�e �oolbo�, de�eloped and tested during t�e pro�ect for teac�ers and educators
�it� 1� acti�ities including useful pictures, pictograms and e�amples for more inspiration� �it� t�is toolbo�,
teac�ers and educators are pro�ided �it� a �ery useful resource to ma�imi�e t�e benefits of forest, greenery
and nature as an informal and po�erful learning en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special education needs�
��e �oolbo� is accompanied by a detailed pedagogical approac� ��ic� contains background information
about t�e ad�antages of a green learning en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special educational needs� �n addition,
a policy brief �as summarised �it� practical recommendations for policymakers, stake�olders, teac�ers and
educators as �ell as organisations �orking �it� en�ironmental education�
������n���
�ttps�������bosplus�be�nl�educatie�e-pro�ecten�green-learning-en�ironments-eng
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V������� ����� ������ �� ���� �� ��������� ������� �� S�������� �������������
Mo�ca �A��RA� and Ale� G���B�
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of ��ubl�ana � �lo�enia
Con����� mo�ca�nastran�bf�uni-l��si
����o���� For�st ���a�o�y� �in��r�art�n T�a�h�rs� �r�an For�st �r���r�n��s� ��u�ational For�st Fun�tion
�rends in c�ildren education ��ic� attribute less importance to direct e�perience in nature, t�e structure of
cities and t�e time pressure on parents and educators �a�e a significant impact on reducing t�e time a c�ild
spends in nature� �utdoor education and forest pedagogy de�eloped in �lo�enia relati�ely late in relation to
ot�er European countries� Urban forests play in forest pedagogy an e�tremely important role, since t�ey are
usually t�e closest natural en�ironment for many c�ildren in�ol�ed in c�ild care programs� �nstitutions suc� as
kindergartens are important in t�e life of c�ildren in t�e pre-sc�ool age, as t�ey spend t�ere a considerable
part of t�eir time� For c�ildren to spend more time in nature, one of t�e useful alternati�es is �isiting t�e forest
�it� t�e kindergarten t�roug� its programs�
�n t�e last decade, forest pedagogy �as been introduced into t�e annual plans of sc�ools and kindergartens in �lo�enia, primarily t�roug� t�e pro�ect �ork� �n 2010, t�e �nstitute for Forest �edagogics �as been establis�ed, ��o initiated t�e �et�ork of Forest �indergartens and �c�ools of �lo�enia in 2014 (�et�ork)� A great factor determining t�e fre�uency, t�e �ay and t�e reason for �isiting t�e forest �it� t�e kindergarten groups is t�e preferences and perceptions of t�e kindergarten teac�ers� �it� t�e sur�ey, �e determine ��ic� factors influence t�e �isit of forests �it�in t�e kindergartens� programs and �o� kindergarten teac�ers percei�e t�e forest as an en�ironment for learning and play� �e compare t�e �ie�s of public kindergartens� teac�ers, ��ic� are included in t�e �et�ork and t�e ones not included� ��ere are some differences in perceptions, ��ic� probably �a�e occurred t�roug� t�e education of teac�ers about forest pedagogy and �it� t�e more fre�uent practice of �isiting t�e forest�
��e sur�ey also obser�ed ��at kind of forest seems to be t�e most appropriate to teac�ers for a �isit �it� a group of c�ildren� �n t�e basis of t�ese findings �e propose areas of urban forest �it� an emp�asi�ed educational function on t�e case study of ��e city of ��ubl�ana, ��ic� s�ould be one of t�e basis for planning and managing urban forests�
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A �C�������� C������� �� ������� ������ ��� ����� �������� � C������� ���������� ��
�������� ��� ������ �������� �� ������� ������ ��� ����� �������� ������ �� ���
������������������� ����� �����
��ao�ua C�E�G, �tep�en ��E��ARD, Deepti Mat�e� ���E, Doris �U�, �ennifer RE�D, �ueyao ��A�G, �op�ia
�A�G, Malinda �A��A�AMGE, �iana G�A��, Amy ��M and Ayan �A��A� AMA�
�n�������on� ��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada
Con����� ��ao�ua�c�eng�ubc�ca
����o���� �li�at� �han��� �r�an For�st� ��p�ri�ntial L�arnin�� �iti��n �n�a����nt an� ��u�ation�
�
As climate c�ange intensifies and city densifies, many cities are losing t�eir urban forests, t�us many benefits
from urban forests are lost� �n order to restore �ealt�y urban forests, �e not only need t�e public and pri�ate
sectors, but also t�e �silent ma�ority� � regular citi�ens, students and yout� to engage �it� � preser�e our
urban forests� E�idence s�o�s t�at traditional media and science communication met�ods �a�e not been
successful in engaging a broader audience and scaling up action� �nstead, �e need an engaging, interacti�e
process t�at uses place attac�ment, peer s�aring, and e�periential learning to moti�ate collecti�e action�
��e Citi�en�s Coolkit on Climate C�ange and Urban Forestry (�Coolkit� for s�ort) ��ttp���calp�forestry�ubc�ca�
�ome�urban-forestry-toolkit�� is an e�ample of a ne� tool t�at dra�s on t�ese principles to create an
engaging process for building urban forest literacy and climate resilience� Co-created by a group of
researc�ers, uni�ersity students, �ig� sc�ool teac�ers and students, and local citi�ens in �ancou�er, Canada,
Coolkit is a �do-it-yourself� toolkit �it� fun acti�ities to increase people�s a�areness and understanding of
urban forests and climate c�ange, and t�e potential for local impro�ements t�roug� indi�idual�collecti�e
action� �t focuses on t�e micro-neig�bour�ood scale t�at triggers personal connections (e�g� �o� do t�e trees
in my street benefit my family)� it encourages communication and comparison bet�een neig�bours for peer
s�aring and learning (e�g� ��ic� �ouse�old �as t�e �ig�est tree canopy co�er)� �t encourages place-based,
�ands-on acti�ities for e�periential learning t�roug� indoor�outdoor acti�ities (e�g� �o� many trees do � �a�e
on my block)� ��e Coolkit uses compelling �isuals suc� as mapping �it� Google satellite imagery and �isioning
ne� ideas for a greener and more resilient future community�
��e presentation �ill demonstrate some no�el engagement tools in t�e Coolkit and summari�e e�aluation
outcomes from testing �it� more t�an 200 participants in �ig� sc�ools and communities in �ancou�er�
E�aluation results s�o� t�at t�e Coolkit significantly increases user�s a�areness of local climate c�ange and
urban forest issues, benefits of trees, city policies and indi�idual�collecti�e action t�ey can take to green t�eir
community�sc�ool�
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E������������ ��������� ��� ������������� ���������� �� ���������� �����
�yl�ie �A��a and Barry MCG���GA�b
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of �antesa � France� �earning About Forests (�EAF) �nternationalb
Con����� syl�ie�nail�uni�-nantes�fr, barry�fee�global
����o���� �n�iron��ntal ��u�ation� ��t�or�in�� �urop�� �at�h�roup
��e t�eme of t�e �nternational Day of Forests 2019 �ill be � Forests and education �, ��ic� reminds us of t�e
�alue of greening our cities and of educating urban populations into t�e importance of doing so� �t seems t�at
t�e younger and t�e more educated people are, t�e more seriously t�ey take en�ironmental issues and t�e
more t�ey belie�e t�ey can act on t�em (��illips et al�, 201�)� �et, an education on forests, or en�ironmental
issues in general, is not contained in most national curricula and, � ��ilst fe� �ould doubt t�e urgency and
importance of learning to li�e in sustainable �ays, en�ironmental education �olds no��ere near t�e priority
position in formal sc�ooling around t�e �orld t�at t�is �ould suggest � (�almer, 200�)�
��is paper t�us �as a t�o-fold purpose in relation to young people�s en�ironmental education�
First, it �ill present t�e �EAR���G AB�U� F�RE��� (�EAF) programme, a structured approac� to outdoor
learning� �o� it engages students and teac�ers to learn outdoors in nature and e�perience a reconnection to
t�e natural �orld, as �ell as a study of t�e benefits e�posure to nature �as on students� psyc�ology and
learning outcomes� �ffering concrete e�amples from t�e �EAF net�ork to back up an o�er�ie� of t�e
programme and ��at it aims to do, t�is presentation �ill also address t�e scientific basis for outdoor
education and cite �orks �ig�lig�ting t�e importance of contact �it� nature, especially for t�e e�er-increasing
number of c�ildren gro�ing up in urban en�ironments�
�econdly, it �ill present �ork in progress, in t�e form of a recently-designed pro�ect aimed at gi�ing all t�e
students of a uni�ersity an opportunity to learn about en�ironmental c�allenges and good practices in Europe,
so as to be informed and responsible citi�ens� From t�en on, a net�ork of students �ill be de�eloped on t�ese
issues �it� our Erasmus partner uni�ersities all o�er Europe, so as to promote good practices and concretely
de�elop more initiati�es for sustainability in eac� uni�ersity� From t�e information gat�ered, t�e idea is bot�
to pus� all uni�ersities to do more�better, and to create an international communication tool t�at could act
as a �atc�group and a bottom-up instrument to gi�e more �oice to young people on t�ese issues�
������n����
�almer, �oy, 200�� En�ironmental Education in t�e 21st Century� �ondon� Routledge�
��illips, D� et al� (eds�) (201�), Britis� �ocial Attitudes� �ondon� ��e �ational Centre for �ocial Researc��
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S�������
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F����� Go�ernance
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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R����������� �F����� C���� � ��������� �����: C��D����� � I��������� ����� ������ A��
��� C�������� ������������
Caitlin CAMER�� and �eff �AR���G
�n�������on� City of �ortland, Maine - U�A
Con����� ccameron�portlandmaine�go�, �st�portlandmaine�go�
����o���� �o���si�n�� For�st� �ity �r�orist� �aint�nan��� Lo�al �o��rn��nt� �ultural H�rita��� �u�li� �rt�
Spiritual For�st� �rassroots
�ortland, Maine �as gi�en t�e nickname ���e Forest City� in t�e early nineteent� century and �ad a
reputation as a city blessed �it� an abundance of trees� Unfortunately, t�e city�s urban forest �as suffered
o�er t�e years from disease, depletion, and t�e stress from a gro�ing urban en�ironment� �t is difficult in 2019,
to look across t�e skyline and understand ��ere t�e moniker �Forest City� came from� ��e urban forest �as
been impacted by t�e great fire of 1���, rapid de�elopment in t�e 1�00s, Dutc� Elm disease in t�e 19�0s,
urban rene�al efforts in t�e 19�0s, and no�, popularity of t�is �aterfront city �as led to strong and steady
building de�elopment� �ortland is t�e largest city in t�e state of Maine � a rural state ��ere t�e forest
economy continues to be an economic engine, t�oug� t�is, too, is fading in importance compared �it� tourism
and tec� industries� Remarkably, t�is small �istoric city �as �0 miles of trails and green space� t�e City o�ns
and manages roug�ly 20,000 trees on streets and in parks� ��e City struggles to balance t�e 21st century needs
of ne� de�elopment, transportation, utilities, and side�alk and sno� maintenance �it� t�e desire to re-
establis� t�e �Forest City� identity and �eritage� ��ese competing interests �it�in t�e public realm do not
�a�e to be at odds� An inno�ati�e array of efforts are being deployed to re-forest �Forest City�� And t�e City
does not do t�is alone � t�e City�s Forestry Di�ision and t�e �arks Department are aided by community
partners suc� as t�e �ree �rust, �ortland �rails, Friends of Forest City �rees, Culti�ating Community, t�e
�ortland Resilience �ub, t�e public sc�ool system, and t�e �ortland �ublic Art Committee� �n t�is oral
presentation, City of �ortland Urban Designer Caitlin Cameron and City Arborist �eff �arling �ill outline specific
strategies being used by t�e City and community partners to co-design a re�u�enated urban forest for t�e 21st
century� �n a small, �e� England to�n balancing �istoric infrastructure, climate c�ange, and a ne�-found
popularity, t�e urban forest is acti�ely being regenerated �it� public art installations, grassroots food forests,
and tree trusts� ��ere resources are constrained, maintenance and ste�ards�ip is being en�anced �it� G��
tools and partners�ips �it� non-profits and �olunteers� ��roug� partners�ips, t�e community of �ortland is
�orking to ensure t�e urban forest remains a significant feature of our city landscape�
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U���� ����� ����� ��������� ������ �������� ����� ����� ������: A ����������
��������� ��� ���� ������� �� C����
Dan �Ea, b, �u�uan ��Ua, Cecil ������E�D���b and �in�ing BA�a, b
�n�������on� a��e�iang A�F Uni�ersity � C�ina� b��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada
Con����� yedan����sina�com, ��bao��afu�edu�cn
����o���� So�ial �oh�sion� �r�an �r��n Spa��� �l��r ��ults� �oli�y �rran����nt �pproa�h� �ar� ��si�n an�
�ana����nt
�ntroduction
�e�eral studies �a�e s�o�n t�at social co�esion can promote public �ealt� and stimulate urban social
sustainability� �o�e�er, only fe� studies �a�e focused on t�e contributions of urban green space to co�esion
in C�ina, specifically in relation to t�e subgroups suc� as t�e elderly ��o e�perience social e�clusion and
loneliness� Making ma�imum use of urban green space to pro�ide for t�e aged can be an intelligent �ay for
society�
Met�od
��e present study aims to �elp fill t�is gap, building on researc� from �estern countries� �aking a socio-
ecological perspecti�e, a conceptual frame�ork �as de�eloped based on literature re�ie� of contributing
attributes on t�e personal, p�ysical and social le�el� ��is frame�ork �as t�en used to study local parks of
t�ree different scales to e�plore �o� t�ese stimulate social co�esion among t�e elderly in today�s C�ina�
As a first, e�plorati�e use of t�e frame�ork, �bser�ations and semi-structured inter�ie�s �it� 1� elderly park
users �ere carried out in local parks to e�plore be�a�ior (e�g� p�ysical acti�ity, gardening) and perceptions�
�e also used t�e �olicy Arrangement Approac� as a �lens� to analy�e t�e role of t�e parks in building social
co�esion� ��ese �elps re�eal �o� social interaction (bonding and bridging) and place attac�ment�
Results
�ur findings s�o� t�at people like to use �ell-designed spaces, and greening is t�e key factor� �nformal rules
�a�e been establis�ed among actors� Different types of social relations�ips can correspond �it� �arying
acti�ities, ��ic� can affect elder adults� e�periences� �lace attac�ment is linked �it� landscape memory,
be�a�ior �abits as �ell as cultural tradition� �arks can strengt�en t�e connection bet�een t�e elderly and
t�eir city� ��e elderly e�pressed clear needs for park infrastructure to undertake �arious acti�ities�
Discussion � Conclusion
��e de�eloped frame�ork and t�eories from �estern countries can be used in C�ina for furt�er researc�, but
differences need to be taken into account related to, for e�ample, cultural aspects and preferences for specific
types of park design and landmark� ��e ma�ority of t�e inter�ie�ed elderly park users e�pressed a �is� to be
more in�ol�ed in park management, implying t�at a range of co-management practices could be e�plored�
Urban green space can stimulate co�esion among urban elderly, especially for t�ose undertaking acti�ities as
part of a group�
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B������� B������ �� U����������� ��� �������� ��������� ������� ��� �����
���������� ��� ����� ������
Maria �aula Canon BERMUDE�, Marianne Egeborg A�B�GE, Emma ��BE, ��isttmann ��RGE��E�, �ise
���E���EE�, �ulie ��E��E�, �te�en ���G� and ��ra ��MB�R
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Copen�agen � Denmark
Con����� maria�cpb��otmail�com, gsd2�0�alumni�ku�dk, r�c����alumni�ku�dk, gc�4���alumni�ku�dk,
kfp91��alumni�ku�dk, rs���9�alumni�ku�dk, �r��01�alumni�ku�dk ��
����o���� �r�an For�st� �r��n Spa��s� �io�ultural �i��rsity� �ultural Lan�s�ap�s� �o���si�n�� For�st
��is study focuses on �o� urban green areas support social and ecological resilience in t�e social �ousing area
of Urbanplanen in Copen�agen, Denmark� Urbanplanen is �ome to di�erse cultural groups s�aring t�e same
green space and t�erefore t�e �uality and accessibility of t�e green infrastructure is rele�ant and in focus�
Based on spatial analysis and semi-structured inter�ie�s �it� residents and a sur�ey, t�e current social-
ecological interactions in Urbanplanen �a�e been analy�ed� Results of t�e study re�eal t�at green spaces �a�e
become a tool to encourage social and ecological resilience in Urbanplanen� Communal acti�ities �it�in green
space as �ell as incenti�es for acti�e citi�ens�ip aim to preser�e and encourage past and ne� cultural
interactions bet�een social groups and nature� �o�e�er, most of t�ese acti�ities are designed for communal
use of specific groups in Urbanplanen, ��ic� �as led to t�e marginali�ation of young people ��o do not get
in�ol�ed in t�e acti�e management and care for green space� ��ese results �ig�lig�t a need for increased focus
on en�ironmental �ustice, specifically procedural and representati�e aspects of green e�uity�
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����������� ��� �����: A� E���������� �� I�������� I���������� �� ��� C���������
F����� S�����
�ara� FEDERa, b, Elena G�rri� M�F�UDa and Mireia �ecurul B����E�c
�n�������on� aEuropean Forest �nstitute � �pain� b�und Uni�ersity � ��eden� cForest �cience and �ec�nology
Centre of Catalonia � �pain
Con����� sara�lfeder�gmail�com
����o���� ���i�ration� �nt��ration� So�ial �n�lusion� La�our� ���ional ����lop��nt� For�st �ana����nt
As migrations from �it�in and outside of Europe continue to increase steadily, particularly in t�e
Mediterranean region, t�e integration of immigrant populations is one of t�e most pressing issues faced by
many European countries� Alt�oug� t�ere is significant researc� on immigrant integration in urban areas, t�e
settlement and integration of immigrants in rural areas is largely understudied, e�en as gro�ing populations
seek �ork in forestry and agriculture in rural and peri-urban en�ironments� Migration flo�s are s�ifting t�e
dynamics of rural areas, �it� increased mo�ement bet�een urban and rural en�ironments, as �ell as
demograp�ic re�italisation of rural areas t�at �a�e faced decades of social and economic decline�
��is researc� pro�ect seeks to e�plore t�e integration e�periences of foreign �orkers and t�eir employers
�it�in t�e sout�ern European forestry sector� ��roug� a case study in rural and peri-urban areas of Catalonia,
�pain, �e aim to e�amine t�e approac�es employed by immigrants to integrate to t�eir �ost society, t�eir
real-life e�periences �it� integration t�roug� t�eir �ork in t�e forestry sector, and t�eir perceptions of t�e
integration process� ��e study e�amines integration as a multi-dimensional process t�at encompasses fi�e
o�erall areas� personal, social, economic, political, and spatial� ��ese fi�e dimensions �ere identified by a
conceptual modelling process based on an e�tensi�e systematic re�ie� of integration literature across
disciplines� including geograp�y, migration studies, political science, sociology, and psyc�ology� ��ic� �ill
also be a key output of t�is researc� pro�ect�
��e results of t�is researc� could be central to informing forest users, policymakers, and future researc� on
topics of immigrant integration policies and t�e role of immigrant labour in t�e forest sector� it may also �a�e
implications for �olistic regional de�elopment planning� Furt�ermore, t�e influence of ne� mo�ements in
European forestry to�ard climate-adapted and socially conscious met�ods could e�tend t�is researc� to
address social, economic, and en�ironmental resilience across t�e Mediterranean region, �it� implications for
all of Europe�
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A������� ��� U���� F�����
Anna ��E�D�E
�n�������on� �nstitute of Urban �andscape Management � Germany
Con����� anna�steidle�urban-landscape-management�com
����o���� �r�an For�st� ���o�a�y For �r�an For�st� �r�an Transition� �iti��n�s �arti�ipation� �nt��ration o�
Sta��hol��rs� ����ptan�� o� �r�an Transition
�orld is c�anging and urban areas are c�anging� ��e urban transition needs ad�ocacy for Urban Forest and
ad�ocacy ad�ertising to make UF part of t�e City �lanning and part of li�able cities�
�t s�ould be a common kno�ledge t�at Cities need trees� �o�e�er, to make t�e urban transition sustainable
t�e cooperation of policymakers, stake�olders and t�e public is re�uired�
�rofessional circles (e�g� City �lanners, �andscape Arc�itects, Urban Foresters) all o�er t�e �orld are looking
to ��mart Cities�� E�g� t�e City of Munic��Germany ��ere (among ot�ers) t�o pro�ects of urban transition are
�ust in t�e focus� �ne pro�ect is ��marter �oget�er�� ��e EU Commission �as c�osen Munic�, �yon and �ienna
to pilot ground-breaking smart city solutions� �t is turning Munic� into a laboratory for t�e European city of
t�e future, as local go�ernment collaborates closely �it� numerous partners in t�e business and academic
communities�
��e researc� pro�ect �ill ans�er t�e �uestion� ��at are t�e interests of policymakers, stake�olders and t�e
public� ��at do citi�ens li�ing in t�e area kno� about t�e future of t�eir neig�bour�ood� �o� could citi�ens�
participation be impro�ed in order to increase t�e acceptance of bot� pro�ects� ��at can �e learn for t�e
future to increase t�e cooperation bet�een policymakers, stake�olders and t�e public�
First results s�o� t�at t�e cooperation bet�een t�e policymakers, stake�olders and t�e public is poor�
Alt�oug� t�ere is a lot of citi�ens� participation, t�e concerns of people li�ing in t�e area are not taken
seriously, at least people do not feel t�at t�eir concerns are considered� ��is could be a risk for t�e acceptance
and t�e implementation of t�e ��ole process�
�t�er results and obser�ation �ill be presented �it� t�e �ope to impro�e t�e citi�ens� participation in ot�er
pro�ects of urban transition and to establis� Urban Forest�
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G��������� �� ��� ����� ������ �� ���������� A��������: ���� ����� ���������� ��
������������ ������
Camilo �RD��E�, �tep�en ���E��E�, Da�e �E�DA� and Carag� ��RE�FA��
�n�������on� ��e Uni�ersity of Melbourne � Australia
Con����� camilo�ordone��unimelb�edu�au
����o���� �r�an Sustaina�ility� �nstitutions� �o��rn��nt� �atur���as�� Solutions
��e successful go�ernance of urban forests depends on �o� municipalities address fragmentation across a
metropolitan urban area� Metropolitan areas are usually fragmented in many municipalities, eac�
c�aracteri�ed by �arying le�els of e�pansion of urban p�ysical elements and institutional c�aracter� For
e�ample, t�e city of Melbourne, Australia, one of t�e �2 municipalities in t�e Melbourne metropolitan area,
is a �orld-reno�ned case study of urban forest planning, and is leading an effort to design and implement a
metropolitan-�ide urban forest strategy� Many municipalities across t�e Melbourne metropolitan area
participate in t�is initiati�e and no� �a�e ambitious targets and tree-planting initiati�es to increase tree-
canopy co�er� ��e success of t�is initiati�e is greatly influenced by t�e decisions municipal managers make
about urban forests and �o� t�ey understand and facilitate go�ernance processes, suc� as t�e coordination
of policies and stake�olders� ��ere is currently no clear understanding of �o� municipal managers do t�is at
a metropolitan scale� �e seek to ans�er t�ese �uestions using a frame�ork of go�ernance and empirical data
sourced t�roug� inter�ie�s and sur�eys from municipal managers in�ol�ed in making decisions about urban
forests in �arious municipalities across t�e metropolitan area of Melbourne� ��ese data �ere analysed to
understand decision-making priorities and t�e underlying structure of go�ernance processes in different types
of municipalities, in order to understand �o� municipalities coordinate t�eir efforts at a metropolitan scale�
�e discuss �o� are findings can s�ed lig�t on t�e go�ernance of urban forests�
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��������� ������� ���������� �� GI ��� ����� �������� � ������������� ���
���������� �������� �� NRW
�an ����E�EAD
�n�������on� �nstitute for �andscape Arc�itecture, R��� � Germany
Con����� ian�canoe�aol�com
����o���� �iti��n �arti�ipation� �� an� �r�an For�st �o��rnan��� �otto� up �na�lin� �ro��ss�s� ��r�any
an� S�otlan�
��is paper summarises researc� undertaken in t�e Aac�en City Region of Germany to e�aluate t�e e�tent of
local bottom up initiati�es rele�ant to t�e management of urban forests and G�� �t seeks to understand �o�
t�ese pro�ects are supported and ��at barriers e�ist to successful citi�en participation�
��e management and implementation of urban forestry and green infrastructure �it�in Germany is generally
undertaken t�roug� top do�n processes by go�ernmental bodies acting on be�alf of local citi�ens� Citi�en
participation may t�erefore be limited in scope to acti�ities suc� as state organised tree planting or specific
management acti�ities� Mec�anisms for in�ol�ement of citi�ens in �ider decision making roles are
conse�uently less de�eloped and are �indered by a rigid di�ision of go�ernance functions�
A series of case studies �ere e�amined in detail from across Aac�en City Region using G�� analysis, structured
inter�ie�s, literature searc�es and site assessments to consider aspects of pro�ect deli�ery, go�ernance and
structure� ��e results �ere compared t�roug� use of a structured comparison frame�ork, ���� analysis,
radar c�arts and stake�older mapping� �ey t�emes �ere identified including positi�e and negati�e learning
points from eac� case study� A number of statutory agencies and mentoring bodies �ere also inter�ie�ed to
determine t�eir role in terms of pro�iding support to groups�
Discussion is presented on t�e effecti�eness of t�e selected case studies and on ��at needs to be done to
furt�er support participati�e approac�es in �R�� t�is could include ne� legislati�e mec�anisms, financial
incenti�es, policy instruments and t�roug� t�ird sector mentoring organisations� Comparisons are also made
�it� �cotland, using e�isting case study material, ��ere more enabling approac�es to G� and urban forestry
are no� mainstreamed�
�n summary, it is suggested �o� support structures in �R� mig�t e�ol�e to more effecti�ely facilitate and
en�ance t�e role of bottom up community initiati�es� ��is mig�t include de�elopment of en�anced enabling
capacity �it�in statutory aut�orities, increased cross sector and partners�ip �orking, a greater role for t�e
t�ird sector, financial incenti�es, policy instruments and deli�ery of multifunctional outcomes�
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B������ ��� �������� ��� U���� G���� � A ����������� ���� ����� �� V����� ���
������
�ena �U�DER���
�n�������on� E�� �uric� � ��it�erland
Con����� lena��student�et���c�
����o���� �r�an �r��n� �r�an �r��n �ana����nt� �r�an �r��n �oli�y� �i�nna� �uri�h
��it�erland is a �ery blank spot on t�e map of Urban Forestry� At t�e moment its cities are small and maybe
t�e need for green spaces in urban settlements is not �ery urgent, because citi�ens are out in t�e green in no
time� �till t�e cities are gro�ing and �it� climate c�ange Urban Green �paces must become more important
to pro�ide a li�eable city climate� But �uric�, t�e biggest ��iss city �it� around 400�000 in�abitants, �ust �oted
to replace a �uge green space in t�e city by a football stadium� ��is case study s�o�s t�e barriers and
incenti�es to Urban Green by comparing �uric� to �ienna� �ienna, being t�e capital of ��it�erland�s neig�bour
Austria, got elected t�e most li�eable city in t�e �orld, also because of its immense amount of Urban Green�
��ere are institutional differences bet�een t�e t�o cities and t�e t�o countries� ��e main being t�e fact t�at
��it�erland is a federal semi-direct democracy, ��ereas Austria is a federal parliamentary republic� Also
�ienna is bigger t�an �uric�, �a�ing 1�� Million in�abitants� By comparing t�ese differences and setting t�em
in relation to t�e differences in Urban Green strategies, reasons for t�is difference can be e�aluated� ��e focus
lies on t�e strategies for Urban Green �paces in ne�ly urbani�ed areas on t�e perip�eries of t�e cities� A
comparison of t�e t�o cases e�en allo�s to see ��at mig�t c�ange and if or �o� t�ese t�o cities can learn
from eac� ot�er�
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C������� �� ��T��� E�������� U���� F����� ���������� T������: T������ ��T���
������� ���� C�������A������� ��������� �������� ���������� ���������� ���
������� ��� S���� U���� F�����
�aomi ��RC�ER
�n�������on� Arbor Aegis � ��it�erland
Con����� treerap�sprintmail�com
����o���� �r�an For�stry� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� ��Tr����o� Spatial ����lop��nt� ��st �ana����nt� �ra�ti��s
��it�erland, in de�eloping strategies to deal �it� t�e impact of a c�anging climate, �as �isely c�osen to focus
on urban green and blue spaces in its scope and �as a�arded a grant to t�e submitted i-�ree Eco pro�ect,
modeled in � di�erse ��iss cities�
Gi�en t�e demands of spra�ling spatial de�elopment, t�e impact suc� de�elopment inflicts on t�e
en�ironment and t�us, t�e public�s �ealt� and �ell-being, combined �it� an inade�uate implementation of
Urban Forestry protocols and Best Management �ractices, it �as necessary to frame i-�ree �it�in a muc�
larger conte�t� ��e resulting pro�ect presents ne� and e�perimental planning, design and management
strategies from an Ecosystem �er�ices perspecti�e�
��is current undertaking uses i-�ree outputs - t�e �uantifying of today�s tree-related Ecosystem �er�ices (E�)
- and in�ests t�at data into an Urban Forest Management �oolbo�, enabling Climate C�ange adapti�e ��iss
Cities of tomorro��
�n addition to�
�� translation of i-�ree Manuals into German and Frenc�,
�� de�elopment of a multi-language i-�ree Eco �Field C�eat ��eet�,
�� training in t�e i-�ree Eco application and data collection,
Urban Forest �oolbo� met�odologies, based on city-specific analyses, �ill�
�� elucidate t�e use of i-�ree outputs as a foundation for creati�e, E�-oriented solutions to planning and
managing an adapti�e ��iss Urban Forest�
�� incenti�i�e increasing mature tree canopy by gro�ing t�e e�isting Urban Forest � Forest resource�
�� increase professional, decision-maker and t�e public�s understanding of t�e climate-rele�ant E�
�er�ices pro�ided by a �ealt�y, �iable tree resource t�roug� inno�ati�e communication tools�
�� de�elop actionable strategies to reali�e a resilient and sustainable Urban Forest Ecosystem�
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������������� ���������� ���������� �� ����� ��� ���������� ������� �� ��� D�����
������ �URB���DAN ��������
Robert �������a, �uri� ��BEb, Dragan MA���A���a, �ina ��M�����a, �uka �E�E�b
�n�������on� a�lo�enian Forest �er�ice� bCity of ��ubl�ana � �lo�enia
Con����� robert��ostnik��gs�si, �uri�kobe�l�ubl�ana�si, dragan�mati�asic��gs�si, tina�simoncic��gs�si, luka�sesel�l�ubl�ana�si�uri��
����o���� �r�an For�st �ana����nt� �anu�� ���ion� �arti�ipation
��e presentation deals �it� t�e ne� initiati�e of t�e URBforDA� pro�ect, a partners�ip of se�en cities in t�e
Danube region �it� population of �,� mio, �� km2 of urban forests and 1� mio �isitors per year� ��e City of
��ubl�ana (�lo�enia) as leading partner �as broug�t toget�er cities of Budapest (�ungary), Clu�-�apoca
(Romania), �ienna (Austria), �agreb (Croatia), Belgrade (�erbia) and ��ano-Franki�sk (Ukraine)� �oget�er �it�
associated partner cities of �odgorica (Montenegro), �ara�e�o (Bosnia and �er�ego�ina) and �rague (C�ec�
Republic) t�e partners�ip includes 10 countries and � capital cities�
All cities face similar c�allenges� All manage substantial urban forest areas �it�in t�eir city limits, ��ic� attract
many users (citi�ens, tourists) and many stake�olders (managers, o�ners, interest groups)� �ncreasing number
of users of urban and peri-urban forests in Danube cities, di�erse acti�ities implemented in t�em and
increasing demand for �green tourism� in urban areas indicate, t�at forests potentials �it�in city limits, as
�ell as its ecosystem ser�ices, are currently far underestimated� �n t�e ot�er �and, uncoordinated
management, increasing pressures and conflicts bet�een key actors t�reaten t�ese important but �ulnerable
natural �abitats to t�e point, ��ere some of t�em are being se�erely affected�
��e pro�ect is based on participatory approac� in t�e conte�t of �oint de�elopment of integrated management
plans elaborated specifically for urban forest areas� �t focuses on t�e collaboration among key actors (local
public aut�orities, forest managers, forest lando�ners, forest users and �isitors, e�perts and non-
go�ernmental organi�ations), especially on t�eir acti�e participation in pro�ect acti�ities and actions�
��e pro�ect is introducing participatory integrated management of urban forests, including de�elopment of a
proposal of financial compensation model for lando�ners� �t �ill deli�er a ne� type of �ntegrated Multi-use
Management �lans (�MM�) on t�e strategic and operational le�el� ��ile strategic parts are targeting a �ider
area of urban forests of eac� city, operational parts �ill be prepared for pre-selected focus areas to resol�e
t�eir specific c�allenges� ��e ���ERREG pro�ect URBforDA� includes also implementation of t�e operational
plans �it� installation of urban forest e�uipment in � focus areas to resol�e conflicts and support ne�
sustainable de�elopment opportunities�
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
C�������� ���������� ��� ������ ����������� �� ����� �������� E�������� S������� �
���� ����� �� ������ ���� � ��� ����� ����� �� ������� ������
Monika ���C�E�a , E�a ��ED�ARC���a, �arolina ���BA-�U�A���a, �iotr �����a, �atar�yna BA��RE�-
��DR��b and �inga ��ER��E�b
�n�������on� a�nstitute of Forest Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, Uni�ersity of Agriculture, �rako�
� �oland� b�roGea 4D � �oland
Con����� monika�inc�ek�gmail�com, e�asiedlarc�yk�gmail�com
����o���� �r�an �r��n�ry� Hu�an ��ll���in�� So�ial �arti�ipation� ��Tr�� ��o� �ir �ollution� �ar�on
S��u�stration� ��oi��� �un����
As �umans, �e undeniably depend on nature� �n our urbani�ed �orld, urban �egetation is often t�e only
e�pression of nature in people�s e�eryday li�es� According to scientific predictions, t�e trend of urbani�ation
�ill continue� ��erefore, it seems e�ident t�at t�e role of urban greenery in our, urban d�ellers, li�es
increases� �o s�ould do our a�areness and kno�ledge�
�arious forms of urban green infrastructure � parks, street trees, boule�ards, gardens etc�, are kno�n as urban
forests, despite t�eir differences from �ast areas of �oodland, commonly associated �it� t�e term of forest�
�umerous functions performed by urban forests are kno�n as ecosystem ser�ices (E�) and range from impact
on microclimate of cities to spiritual e�periences�
��e aim of t�is paper is to e�aluate E� pro�ided by �ig� �egetation (trees) of �lanty �ark (�rako�, �oland),
in�estigate purposes and moti�ations of �isitors of t�e park and compare bot� scientific and social aspects of
t�e role of urban forests in cities�
For t�e E� e�aluation, t�e �-�ree Eco soft�are �as used, �it� a complete in�entory dataset from M����-A�R
pro�ect as an input� ��e sur�ey of �isitors included �uestions regarding reasons be�ind �isits, importance of
park�s functions and social participation� �t �as aimed at t�e social perspecti�e of an impact of �lanty as an
urban green infrastructure on its �isitors�
Based on t�e tree in�entory (R��REE� database o�ned by Urban Greenery Aut�ority of �rako�) of �lanty �ark
(21��� �a) �e found t�at 2,1�� trees (mainly ���r platanoi��s� Tilia �or�ata and ��s�ulus hippo�astanu��
stored 1,����� t of carbon, remo�ed 0��� t of air pollutants and at t�e same time contributed to 990�11 m� of
a�oided run-off� ��e total �alue of ecosystem ser�ices taken into consideration in �lanty �ark, calculated for
201� �as in total 21,4�9�4� EUR (9�9� EUR per tree)�
�resented �ork is �ust a small step to�ard a full understanding of t�e comple�ity of urban forests� role in t�e
contemporary �orld� Furt�er �ork including direct measurements on trees and t�eir surrounding is needed
to �iden scope and impro�e accuracy of suc� researc��
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D���� C��� T����: E������� ��������� �� R���� D���� C����� ��� ����� I����� �� ���
R������� A����� ��� U���� F�������
Ren� �A� DER �E�DE
�n�������on� Delft Uni�ersity of �ec�nology � ��e �et�erlands
Con����� ��r�t��ander�elde�tudelft�nl
����o���� �hin� ��lta �iti�s� �r�an For�stry� ��s�ar�h ���n�a� �li�at� ��aptation� Sustaina�l� �n�r�y�
�ir�ular ��ono�y� �o�ility ���olution� ���lo��ration
R�ine Delta cities demonstrate particular patterns, features and details of urban green space, of ��ic� trees
and �oodlands form �istorically critical components� Urban green spaces in Dutc� lo�land cities are s�aped
by t�e specific abiotic and biotic conditions of lo�land landscapes, and by planning and design practices
responding to ongoing de�elopments in t�e tec�nological, en�ironmental and societal realm� Rapid
de�elopments in t�ese realms �o�e�er, are e�pected to radically impact on t�e agency of urban forestry, �it�
bot� positi�e and negati�e conse�uences� An ade�uate o�er�ie� of t�ese de�elopments is needed to frame
future directions of t�e discipline, in relation to t�e e�isting body of kno�ledge and directions for future
researc�� �n t�e conte�t of Dutc� lo�land cities, e�tensi�e impacts are e�pected from climate adaptation, t�e
transition to sustainable energy and a circular economy, t�e anticipated re�olution in mobility and
transportation, and patterns of agglomeration� ��e current body of kno�ledge on urban forestry in t�e
�et�erlands is currently insufficiently elaborated to deal �it� t�ese de�elopments in a proacti�e �ay, suc�
t�at it is unlikely t�at t�e full potential of trees and �oodlands �ill be reali�ed during t�e anticipated
transformation of urban territories cataly�ed by t�ese de�elopments�
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
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W������ ��������: E���������� ���� �� ����������������� ����� ������ ��������
������� �� B������� I���� ��������
Andre� ��EA�, �ilary �����, �tefan �ERBE, Dorot�y ����, �usanne E��E� and �eonardo M���AG�A��
�n�������on� Free Uni�ersity of Bo�en-Bol�ano, U��B� � �taly
Con����� Andre�Francis��peak�unib��it, �ilary�solly�unib��it
����o���� �nt�r�is�iplinary� Th�r�al �o��ort� Tr�� Sha��� So�ial S�i�n��� Sta��hol��rs� �r��nspa��
�ana����nt� ��st �ra�ti��
��e multiple ecosystem ser�ices and disser�ices of urban forests are recei�ing muc� attention from
researc�ers and practitioners �orld�ide� �n particular, t�e positi�e and negati�e impacts of urban green on
�uman �ealt� is rapidly gaining importance� At t�e Free Uni�ersity of Bo�en-Bol�ano (� �taly, �out�ern Alps),
a collaborati�e researc� group of t�e greenC���E� pro�ect �as been set up to in�estigate urban forests from an
interdisciplinary perspecti�e� ��e group comprises landscape ecologists, p�ysical geograp�ers, economists,
sociologists and ant�ropologists� ��e ob�ecti�es are to address t�e impact of trees on t�e city�s climate and
t�e t�ermal comfort of in�abitants, �uantify t�e impact of trees on �ouse prices, assess t�e �istorical
greenspace practices, and re�eal t�e present-day perceptions and use of greenspace by tourists and residents�
�n addition, t�e e�periences, met�odologies, and e�pertise of t�e different group members �ill feed into
interesting interdisciplinary outputs� A key aspect of t�e pro�ect is t�e in�ol�ement of multiple stake�olders
from t�e city � arc�itects, acti�ists, greenspace managers, artists and council representati�es - �ia a �orks�op�
�ere �e present our e�periences so far, including t�e results of t�e stake�older �orks�op, t�e different
met�odologies used to researc� t�e urban forest including t�e use of a smartp�one app, arc�i�al p�oto
elicitation, and participatory mapping� �e also present some preliminary results regarding t�e cooling effects
of tree s�ade�
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2019
E��������� ����������� ��� ������� �������� ��������� �������� �� ����� �����
������������� � ���� ����� ���� �� ������� C������ ��������
�il�i�a �RA��ER ������, Martina �����, Ana Mari�a MAR�� and Di�ana �U�E���
�n�������on� Croatian Forest Researc� �nstitute � Croatia
Con����� sil�i�ak�sumins��r, martinak�sumins��r, anamari�sumins��r, di�ana��sumins��r
����o���� �ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �iss�r�i��s� �r�an �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� ��r��ptions� Fo�us �roups�
�arti�ipatory �appin�� �ity o� �a�r��
Gro�ing body of e�idence links urban green infrastructure (G�) and �uality of life of residents� �it� pre�alence
of cultural landscapes in Europe, demand for cultural ecosystem ser�ices increases as �ell� Cultural ecosystem
ser�ices are defined as �t�e nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems t�roug� spiritual
enric�ment, cogniti�e de�elopment, reflection, recreation, and aest�etic e�periences�� ��ere is also
increasing demand for including public in decision making related to planning and management of urban G��
�articipatory mapping of cultural ecosystem ser�ices aims to collect information on �o� people percei�e t�ese
ser�ices and disser�ices from urban G� in a �ay t�at it can be linked to specific location and assessed� ��is
e�ercise �elps identifying and �uantifying cultural ecosystem ser�ices linked to particular type of G� t�at later
ser�es as an input for planning and management� �n t�is particular study mi�ed met�odology is used to
identify, �uantify and map cultural E� and disser�ices from urban G� based on public perception, e�plore ��at
affects t�e perception, and to gi�e recommendation on �o� to include results of participatory mapping in
current planning and management of urban G�� ��e study �ill be conducted in t�e city of �agreb, t�e largest
city in Croatia �it� a t�ree-�uarter million population� First p�ase includes series of focus groups �it�
residents in eac� city district t�at �ould ser�e as orientation and input for t�e second p�ase, a �ebG�����G��
sur�ey� �ince �e are still in t�e first p�ase of t�e study, �e �ill s�o� results of se�eral focus groups �it�
residents� ��e benefit of t�e study is t�at it aims to grasp �arious cultural ecosystem ser�ices and disser�ices
of urban G� and it is focused on entire city area, not only one particular park or forest� �t includes and goes
beyond recreational ser�ices, as t�e most studied cultural ecosystem ser�ice, and focuses as �ell on t�ose
t�at are not often used in similar studies�
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S������ ����� ��� ������� ������� E�������� ����� �� ������� ����� ������
���������� ���� E����� ��� C����� ��������
�op�ie ������A����a and �adine GA��Eb
�n�������on� a��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada� bUni�ersity College Dublin � �reland
Con����� snito�mail�ubc�ca
����o���� S�art �iti�s� S�art For�sts� Sustaina�ility� �r�an T��hnolo�y� ��olo�i�al �n�in��rin�
��ere is no doubt t�at people in cities connect �it� trees, and it is no� time to consider �o� trees mig�t
connect - literally - to people� E�idence �as repeatedly s�o�n t�e importance of green infrastructure for urban
li�ability and resilience� ��mart cities� are also increasingly part of urban sustainability discourses, and �a�e
been touted as a promising, albeit still relati�ely unkno�n, model for en�ancing municipal ser�ices and assets�
�o�el financing mec�anisms, tec�nological inno�ation, and uncon�entional go�ernance sc�emes are
disrupting business as usual, and t�e long-term repercussions for public green space management remain to
be seen� As �smart city� and green infrastructure planning can be mutually beneficial, it is timely to consider
��et�er and to ��at e�tent urban forests can become �smarter� as �e look to ma�imi�e green benefits in our
cities�
�e outline �o� smart city trends and related tec�nologies �a�e been and can be applied to urban forestry
and green space planning, and propose no�el definitions for �smart� urban forests and �smart� urban forest
management� Current case studies and �smart� pro�ects from Europe and Canada re�eal a focus on open data
and citi�en engagement, particularly t�roug� t�e use of mobile de�ices, applications (�apps�), and open-
source mapping platforms� ��ere is also gro�ing interest in data loggers and sensor net�orks, big data
analytics, and ci�ic inno�ation spaces� �e posit t�at a promising approac� to �smart� urban forest
management focuses on bot� t�e potential of digital infrastructure to en�ance forest benefits and t�e
facilitation of citi�en ste�ards�ip and empo�erment in green space planning�
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S���� U���� F����� ��������
�illem DE FE���ERa and Mark B�DEb
�n�������on� a�tadsbos�ac�ter � ��e �et�erlands� b�olfpack, �ab for t�e �e�t Economy � ��e �et�erlands
Con����� stadsbos�ac�ter�gmail�com��
����o���� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� ��n��its o� Tr��s� �r�an For�st �ana����nt� �usin�ss �o��l� �nt�rn�t o�
Thin�s� �lo���hain
More t�an �0 years of reasearc� �as gi�en us lots of insig�ts in t�e beneftis of trees� ��e range of benefits and
t�e effects of t�ese benefits are �uge� And so is t�e �alue of t�ese benefits� �ools suc� as �-tree gi�e insig�t in
t�e �alue of t�e benefits� �it� t�ese insig�ts in t�e �alue of t�e urban forest most pro�ect end� For t�e �mart
Urban Forest t�is is t�e startingpoint� ��e first part of �mart Urban Forest is �ar�esting t�e benefits of trees�
�it� traditional and ne� business models �e �ar�est t�e benefits� By doing so �e �ant to e�pand urban
forests, raise a�areness and create ne� relations bet�een t�e urban forest and its in�abitants� �e�
tec�nologies suc� as �o� and blockc�ain �ill be an enabler for t�e businessmodels�
��e second part of t�e �mart Urban Forest is about est�etics� Most trees in t�e urban en�ironment are planted
for est�etical reasons� �rees are planted follo�ing a landscape design or ci�il engineering pro�ect� Because of
est�etics most trees are in places �ere gro�ing conditions are not optimal� ��at if �e �ould focus on t�e
benefits of trees instead of est�etics only� Could �e optimi�e t�e benefits �it� urban forestry design� By
doing so, �e could be making t�e best of green spaces in cities and at t�e same time reduce costs for planting
and maintenance�
�mart Urban Forest is a �oint effort of �illem de Fei�ter � o�ner of �tadsbos�ac�ter (Urban Forester) and
Mark Bode � business partner of �olfpack, �ab for t�e �e�t Economy� Bot� companies are based in Rotte
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S������ ��2 T�� C��
��������
F����� Management
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T�� C���������� F����� � ����������
10�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
S������� ������ ������� ��� ������������� �� ��T��� ������� ��� ������������� ���
��������� �������� �� ������� ��� ���������� ����� �����
Ee�a-Maria �U��A�E�a, Miia M�����R�a, b, �nkeri �A��b, Anu R�����E�b, Ariele C����c, �eena ���DE�b, Aki
M�������c, Minna �ER��d, �u�a RA����d, Mari �A����f, �eli �U�R��AM��g and �imo �����g
�n�������on� a�atural Resources �nstitute Finland (�uke)� bUni�ersity of �elsinki � Finland� cUni�ersit�
�olitec�nica delle Marc�e � �taly� dCity of �urku � Finland� eCity of �elsinki� � Finland� fCity of �ori � Finland� gCity of �ampere � Finland
Con����� ee�a-maria�tu�kanen�luke�fi, miia�manttari��elsinki�fi
����o���� Tr�� �n��ntory� �ar�on Stora��� �ar�on S��u�stration� Stor��at�r� �ir �ollution� Tr�� �o��r� Tr��
Sp��i�s �i��rsity
Urban trees pro�ide se�eral ecosystem ser�ices t�at impro�e t�e �ealt� and �ell-being of in�abitants, support
t�e biodi�ersity of ot�er species groups and increase t�e resilience of urban en�ironment�
�n Finland, ecosystem ser�ices of urban trees are being studied in �elsinki, �urku, �ampere and �ori� �e focus
on carbon se�uestration and storage, air pollution remo�al and a�oided storm�ater runoff and model t�eir
amount and �alue by using i-�ree soft�are and in�entory data of city trees� �e �ill also describe t�e structure
of urban tree population, like tree co�er, species composition and t�eir relati�e importance�
�ur goals are to communicate t�e en�ironmental benefits of urban trees to decision-makers, planners and
in�abitants and to increase t�e general understanding of t�e effects of trees on t�e �ealt� and �ell-being in
a built en�ironment� �pecifically, t�e effects of tree species di�ersity on t�e resistance and resilience of city
tree population to abiotic and biotic disturbances �ill be studied, and related to t�e long-term ability of urban
trees to pro�ide ecosystem ser�ices� ��e structure and amount of urban tree population �ill be studied as
�ell and considered ��ic� kind of indicators �ould be applicable to set targets for t�e amount of trees in a
city, e�g� tree co�er percentage�
�n t�e four Finnis� cities, e�isting city tree databases �ill be used as data sets for modelling� �n addition to t�at,
additional tree in�entories �ill be done� �n �elsinki, a plot in�entory according to t�e i-�ree met�od �as
performed in 201�, �it� 200 researc� plots� �n �urku, a large and old park in t�e Finnis� scale �as selected as
a case study and tree in�entory �as done in 201�� �n �ori and �ampere, additional in�entories �ill be
performed in 2019�
�n t�e cities, t�e special need is to communicate t�e benefits of urban trees gro�ing on public land in densely
built areas, as t�ose trees need t�e �ig�est input for maintenance, are most t�reatened ��en t�e space gets
limited and on t�e ot�er �and, are essential for �ell-being of t�e �abitants li�ing in city centers� ��ese needs
�a�e to be considered ��en sampling for i-�ree modelling, as t�e sampling met�od affects t�e applicability of
results for communicating�
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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
T�� ���� �� �������� ���������� �� ����������� ��� ����� ������ �� H������� C�����
�essica �U����� and �eter DU���ER
�n�������on� Dal�ousie Uni�ersity � Canada
Con����� �essica��uinton�dal�ca
����o���� �ana����nt� ����t�ry� �r�an For�st� �ana�a� �r��nspa��
��e disposal of �uman remains is bot� a sanitary and spiritual concern� ��e Canadian approac� to t�e
interment of remains �as �istorically relied on burial in go�ernment, pri�ate, family, and religiously-affiliated
cemeteries� Demand for burial plots �as increased despite t�e gro�ing trend of cremation, and cemeteries
across t�e �orld are running out of room (McManus 201�)� ��e s�ortage of burial space �as led to �uestions
about t�e financial �iability and en�ironmental sustainability of Canadian cemeteries�
�o�e�er, cemeteries can play a role in t�eir community beyond interment� �f particular interest is t�e role of
urban cemeteries as �green space� to support biodi�ersity, recreation, and restoration� �o�e�er, cemeteries
are not necessarily managed to pro�ide t�ese additional functions�
��is study e�amined ten cemeteries in �alifa�, �o�a �cotia, Canada to determine t�e contribution t�ey make
to t�e urban forest t�roug� a complete in�entory of t�eir trees� Determination of t�e potential future of t�e
cemeteries �as done t�roug� an in�entory of t�e spots ��ere trees could t�eoretically be planted, as �ell as
by e�amining si�e-class data from t�e tree in�entory� ��e role of cemetery management in t�e
maintenance�planning of t�eir trees �as assessed, along �it� determining ��et�er tree planting �ad recently
occurred, using inter�ie�s�
��e ten cemeteries �ad relati�ely �ig� species ric�ness and percent canopy co�er, suggesting t�ey make an
important contribution to t�e �alifa� urban forest� �o�e�er, fe� �ad recently planted trees� Regenerating
gro�t� �as mainly found in small, unmaintained, dense areas, suggesting little potential for t�e natural
maintenance of cemetery tree co�er� ��er 2000 spots �ere found in ��ic� ne� trees could be planted,
indicating potential for cemeteries to maintain and e�en e�pand t�eir tree co�er� ��e inter�ie�s identified key
issues suc� as limited financing, s�ort-term planning, and a lack of consideration gi�en to cemetery trees�
��e data indicate t�at cemeteries in �alifa� currently make an important contribution to t�e city�s urban
forest� �o�e�er, t�is contribution is t�reatened by t�e older age of many cemetery trees, t�e lack of ne� tree
planting or regenerati�e gro�t�, and t�e lack of attention gi�en to t�is issue by cemetery management� Gi�en
t�e �ide range of benefits pro�ided by trees in urban settings, steps s�ould be taken no� to ensure t�at urban
cemetery tree populations are maintained into t�e future�
T�� C���������� F����� � ����������
10�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
������ ���������� ��������� �������� ������� � � GIS������ �������� �� C��������
U���� F������
�ule ��E�MA�
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Applied Forest �ciences Rottenburg � Germany
Con����� �ules�niep��eb�de
����o���� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �li�at� �han��� �olo�n�� �appin�� ��S� �r�an For�st �ana����nt
�
��e �orld�ide process of urbani�ation leads to rapid climate and en�ironmental c�anges in cities as �ell as
on a global scale� ��us, it is important to not only take action in climate protection but also make climate
adaption a priority in cities, to ensure t�e �uality of life of citi�ens�
�n t�is study t�e regulating ecosystem ser�ices (E�) of urban forests are analy�ed, based on t�e forest o�ned
by t�e city of Cologne, Germany� A G�� analysis of t�e forest stands �it�in t�e city�s boundaries �as
performed, using action guidelines establis�ed by t�e state of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia, t�ereby testing t�eir
practicability�
��e main ob�ecti�e of t�e study �as to simplify t�e process of ecosystem ser�ice e�aluation, making it a tool
t�at cities can realistically apply� E� are t�erefore analy�ed using a system of indicators t�at does pro�ide less
accuracy t�an local data collections but is more cost-effecti�e and re�uires fe�er e�pert personnel ��en
performing t�e analyses� ��e results can t�en be used by t�e city council to communicate t�e importance of
t�e city�s forests and can offer guidance on met�ods of management for t�e forestry department�
��e resulting maps �isuali�e t�e ecosystem ser�ices of air particle filtration, temperature regulation and �ater
regulation� ��e findings s�o� t�at t�e city�s afforestation efforts in t�e last century are fulfilling t�eir intended
purpose and are benefitting t�e population greatly� ��e outer green belt on t�e �estern side of t�e ri�er R�ine
is of particular importance as it pro�ides all analy�ed ecosystem ser�ices at t�e same time�
T�� C���������� F����� � ����������
10�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
LIFE URBANGREEN � �� ���������� ������������� �������� �� ������� ����������
�� ����� ����� ��� ������ ������� ����������
�iotr �E���a, �aolo ����A��Cb, �atar�yna BA��RE�-��DR��a, Alessio F����c, Francesco FERR���d and �inga
��ER��E�a
�n�������on� a�roGea 4D �td � �oland� bR�G�� srl � �taly� cUni�ersity of Milan - �taly� dUni�ersity of Florence �
�taly
Con����� �e�yk�piotr�gmail�com, paolo��iskanic�r�-gis�com, katar�yna�ba�orek-�ydron�progea4d�pl,
alessio�fini�unimi�it, francesco�ferrini�unifi�it, kinga�s�ers�en�progea�pl
����o���� �F� �S� Li�ar� Sat�llit� �onitorin�� ��aptation to �li�at� �han��
Almost �0� of European citi�ens li�e in cities, ��ic� are particularly sensiti�e and �ulnerable to climate c�ange
impacts, suc� as �eat�a�es (urban �eat island� U��), air pollution, droug�ts and flooding as �ell� �pecific urban
adaptation strategies are t�erefore needed to make cities more resilient to climate c�ange� �n t�is conte�t,
urban forests (UF� parks, forest, etc�) and infrastructures are seen as among t�e most �idely applicable,
economically �iable and effecti�e tools for combating t�e impacts of climate c�ange and for �elp people adapt
to or mitigate its ad�erse effects� Furt�ermore, t�e ecosystem ser�ices (E�) of UF impro�ed air �uality, cooling
t�e air reduced U��, �elp rainfall retention, increase t�e biodi�ersity etc� � are often not �uantified easily, nor
communicated to t�e citi�ens using t�ese areas� ��e aim of ��FE URBA�GREE� (��FE1� CCA����0000�9) pro�ect
is optimising an inno�ati�e tec�nological platform to monitoring t�e ecosystem ser�ices of UF and
demonstrating its use in real scenarios� ��e aim is to impro�e UF management in Rimini (��) and �rako� (��)�
��e platform �ill be based on G�� tec�nologies and �ill include an assessment of t�e E� pro�ided by green
infrastructure, a smart management of �ater needs of trees and t�eir irrigation, t�e use of airborne and
satellite remote sensing data (multispectral imageries and �iDAR �D point clouds), meteorological and an
en�ironmental monitoring system, and public participation tools (smart city)� �pecifically, t�e pro�ect aims to
manage trees and green urban areas more efficiently, reducing �ater consumption and ma�imising t�eir
benefits in reducing storm �ater runoff� ��e e�pected results of t�e ��FE URBA�GREE� pro�ect is e�g� to reduce
up to ��� in o�erall G�G emissions from urban green maintenance operations (10� from road transport of
�e�icles used for maintenance acti�ities) and �0-�0� increase of carbon stocked in urban trees (pilot area)�
��e ��FE URBA�GREE� pro�ect (201�-2021) is leading by R�G�� company (��) coordinating t�e partners� ��M
�rak�� (��), Ant�ea �rl (Rimini, ��), �taly Uni�ersit� degli �tudi di Milano (��), �taly �roGea 4D (��)�
T�� C���������� F����� � ����������
10�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
W�������� ������� ����������� ��� ��������� ������ �� ������������ �L�������� ����
������
Remigi�us �A��AU��A�
�n�������on� �ytautas Magnus Uni�ersity � �it�uania
Con����� remigi�us��alkauskas��du�lt
����o���� For�st ����ssi�ility� �opulation ��nsity� For�st Stru�tur�
�ince �oining European Union (2004) number of �it�uanian citi�ens decreased by more t�an 1��� ��e urban
d�ellers decreased also drastically during t�is period in most cities� But t�e trend of urban spra�l is obser�ed
by de�elopment of �ollo� cities� ��e green spaces accessibility could be one of t�e reasons of suc� urban
de�elopment pattern in conte�ts of biop�ilia and attac�ment t�eories� ��e distance from li�ing place,
attracti�e forest structure relates to more fre�uent use of green infrastructure ser�ice as �ell t�e �uality of
urban d�ellers life� ��e researc� is based on�
-� t�e Geospatial grid data of t�e 2011 population and �ousing census and degree of urbani�ation in
conte�t of green spaces accessibility (distance from li�ing place)�
-� forest structure comparison in local administrati�e units �it� different degree of urbani�ation
(densely populated areas, intermediate density areas, t�inly-populated areas described by DEGURBA)�
�t is obser�ed t�at in cities t�e urban �oodlands are accessible by � �00 m, but �oodlands of more attracti�e
structure for recreation is allocated in more t�an 1 km from li�ing places in areas of population density �ig�er
t�an 1�00 persons��a� ��ere is big �ariation of accessibility in suburb areas of cities �it� better accessibility
in areas of lo�er population density� ��e ratio of younger generation and elderly population (indicator for
territory de�elopment perspecti�e) is better in closer distance to t�e �oodland in cities� �roportion of citi�ens
�it� �ig�er education increases �it� t�e better accessibility of �oodland (relates to a�areness of green
infrastructure benefits for urban society)�
Forest structure also s�o�s resilience to urban pressure and ecosystem ser�ices continuity� Forest stands in
cities �oodlands stand out by �ider tree stem diameter, elder stands t�at makes t�em more attracti�e for
urban d�ellers recreation t�an in ot�er local administrati�e units of lo�er degree of urbani�ation� From ot�er
�and, t�e large proportion of pure stands (more t�an ��� of one specie in stand species composition) makes
concerns about t�e forest resilience to urban pressure
T�� C���������� F����� � ����������
10�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
C�������������� ��� ������� �� ����� ����������� ������ �� L���H�� ������ ����� ��
S������� �������� ��������
C�ang ��A�G, �an�ong ��U and C�eng �A�G
�n�������on� C�inese Academy of Forestry � C�ina
Con����� �9419��09����com, 1021��12������com, ����0�0������com
����o���� ��si��ntial For�st� �anopy �o��r �at�� �lant Lan�s�ap�� Hu�an �hara�t�risti�s
�o researc� t�e c�aracteristics and its c�anges of rural residential forest of �ing�e to�n, t�e typical rural area
in middle sout� of ��andong, t�is paper selected 1� ne� �illages and 11 old �illages as researc� samples�
Firstly, plant in�estigation and plant culture inter�ie� �ere carried on� �econdly, t�e canopy co�erage rate,
plant landscape and �uman c�aracteristics �ere analy�ed� Finally t�ese c�aracteristics �ere compared
bet�een ne� �illages and old �illages� ��e results s�o�ed t�at� (1) t�e o�erall canopy co�erage of �ing�e
to�n is 121������ s�uare meters and canopy co�erage rate reac� 10�0�� in 201�, ��ic� is lo�er t�an t�at in
2012� Besides t�is rate of ne� �illages decreased more (from 1��2�� in 2012 to 10���� in 201�) comparing
�it� old �illages (declined from 1���4� in 2012 to 11�4�� in 201�)� (2) �opulus makes t�e main contribution
to o�erall rural landscape, and Sali� �a�yloni�a, �o�inia ps�u�oa�a�ia, �rousson�tia papyri��ra combining
�it� it dominated t�e riparian �ie� in bot� ne� and old �illages� Moreo�er, �alus� �ha�no��l�s and �a�nolia
�ran�i�ora are specific to ne� �illages� courtyard and road landscape respecti�ely� Besides Sophora �aponi�a
and Sali� �a�yloni�a are specific to ne� �illages� courtyard and road landscape respecti�ely� (�) �uman
c�aracteristics of rural residential forest include t�ree types, t�ey are aest�etic appreciation, food supplement
and emotional implication� Among t�em aest�etic appreciation and food supplement are t�e primary needs
of ne� and old �illage courtyard forest, and emotional implication needs are gradually reduced in courtyard
plants, road forests and riparian�
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I��������� F����� ������� � A ��������� ����� 2� ����� �� ������������ ����������
�������� �� ���������� ����������� ��������
Corinne BUC�a, �eter �E��a, �li�er BA��Eb, �tefanie �E���Ec, �ngo �E��E�d, Bertram �EDERb, �obias �C����c,
��omas �C�M���c, Annette �C�U��Ee and �enning ����b
�n�������on� aBiological �tation �est Ru�rgebiet� b�ald und �ol� �R�� cRu�r-Uni�ersit�t Boc�um� d�A�U�
�R�� e�lanungsb�ro �amann � �c�ulte � Germany
Con����� corinne�buc��bs�r�de, peter�keil�bs�r�de
����o���� �n�ustrial �ro�n�i�l�s� Su���ssion� �io�i��rsity� �uhr ��tropolian �r�a� Tippin� �oint
��e o�erall aim of t�e interdisciplinary basic researc� pro�ect is t�e in�estigation and documentation of
processes of plant succession on industrial sites of t�e Ru�r metropolitan area as �ell as a prognosis of a
prospecti�e clima� community�
��e most compre�ensi�e and most rapid c�ange in t�e composition of species occurs at t�e end of t�e
pioneering stage� �o�e�er, early succession stages �ad been relati�ely stable o�er long period� �nce t�e
succession progress reac�es a considerable speed, it �ill soon lead to t�e stage of primary forest� During t�e
se�uence of succession stages, as postulated in t�e classical succession doctrine, t�e stage of persistent grass
or �erbaceous �egetation follo�ing t�e pioneering stage, can be skipped and trees may settle directly on t�e
open industrial soil� ��ere seems to be a tipping point in species ric�ness at t�e end of t�e pioneer settlement,
��ic� defines t�e furt�er direction of t�e succession process� ��is une�pected transition is of special interest
for biodi�ersity researc�, because it is particularly ric� in species but at t�e same time particularly unstable�
�ot e�en t�e oldest, most mature industrial forests reac�ed anyt�ing similar to a clima� stage yet�
�ne crucial factor for t�e direction and speed of succession is t�e p�ysical and c�emical c�aracter of t�e ra�
substrate and its e�posure� ��e diaspore supply of t�e neig�bor�ood or surrounding areas strongly influence
or determine potential species combinations� �n addition, t�ere are countless ot�er factors t�at can influence
t�e direction and speed of succession, like �eat�er (consider t�e dry summer of 201�) and natural risks, like
t�e t�o storm e�ents �Ela� or ��yrill��
��e basic researc� presented �ere does not only apply t�e field of succession researc� but also aspects of
urban forest biodi�ersity as �ell as processes of speciation (e� g� neogenic ta�a)� Applications in practice relate
to t�e maintenance of industrial bro�nfields ��ere pioneer �egetation s�ould be preser�ed� ��e spontaneous
�egetation of industrial forests can be a role model for climate adaptation on urban sites (resilience)� ��e
o�erall topics can also be found in social science and en�ironmental educational�
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C����� ��������� �� ���� ���� ���������� ����� �D L�DAR ����� ������ ��� ��� ������
�� ��������� �������� �������� �� ����� �� R�������� ������ ��������
�iotr �����a, �arolina ���BA-�U�A���a, �a�e� �A�R���a, �iotr MA�C�A�b, �r�ys�tof M�C��Ab and �atryc�a
�R�E����Ac
�n�������on� aUni�ersity of Agriculture �rako�, Faculty of Forestry � �oland� bAdam Mickie�ic� Uni�ersity
�o�na�, Faculty of �ocial �ciences � �oland� cAdam Mickie�ic� Uni�ersity �o�na�, �nstitute of Geoecology and
Geoinformation � �oland
Con����� �e�yk�piotr�gmail�com, karolina�anna��ieba�gmail�com, p��a�rylo�ur�krako��pl
����o���� �LS� H�i�ht �o��ls� �han�� ��t��tion� �r�an For�sts
Urban trees and forests contribute to making cities en�ironmentally more sustainable ser�ing lot of ecosystem
ser�ices (E�) like air colling, filtering pollutants etc� �n �oland, t�e cutting do�n of trees in cities is go�erned
by t�e la� specifying t�e procedures and conditions necessary to obtaining specific permits� De�elopment of
tec�nologies like �iDAR (�ig�t Detection and Ranging) and digital p�otogrammetry (eg �fM) increase t�e usage
of �D point cloud data in in�entory and monitoring processes of city greenery��e used t�o Canopy �eig�t
Models (C�M� G�D 1�0 m) generated on t�e basis of A�� point clouds ac�uired in �un� 11, 2011 and Marc� �,
201�� �e found t�at in 2011 appro�imately 1 0�2 �a of t�e Racibor� city �as co�ered by t�e �ig� �egetation
(14�� � of t�e entire city)� �n 201� t�e area of �ig� �egetation class decreased by appro�� 4� �a to 1 0�9 �a
(1��9 � of Racib�r�)� �uc� kind of simple comparison indicates t�at t�e tree co�er of t�e city decreases slig�tly
by 0���� ��e analysis s�o�ed t�at t�e loos of trees amounted to 1��9� ��ile t�e gain amounted to 12�9� at
t�e same time� �o ��en comparing to t�e tree co�er in 2011, t�e decrease of about 4� �as obser�ed� Based
on t�e e�isting G�� �ector layers �e also calculated t�e decrease of t�e tree co�er �it�in residential areas,
��ic� is crucial ��en considering E� of �ig� �egetation for city d�ellers� �t turned out t�at t�e loos �it�in
residential areas �as muc� bigger and amounted to -10����
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T���������� ���������� �� ����� �����: ��������� ��� ������� ������ �� �������������
��� ������� �� � ������ ���� ����� ��������
Rocco �ACEa� Francesco DE F���b, Mo�ammad A� RA�MA�c, �tep�an �AU�E��c, Da�id ���A�d and R�diger
GR��Ea
�n�������on� a�arlsru�e �nstitute of �ec�nology (���) (�M�-�FU) � Germany� bUni�ersity of Gnoa, D�BR�� � �taly� c�ec�nical Uni�ersity of Munic�, C�air for �trategic �andscape �lanning and Management � Germany� dU�DA
Forest �er�ice � U�A
Con����� rocco�pace�kit�edu
����o���� Hi�h T��p�ratur�s� �r�an Tr��s� �oolin�� Sha�in�� �o��l ��pl���ntation� Tr�� �hysiolo�y�
�uni�h� �n�lis�h�r �art�n
E�tremely �ig� temperatures are getting more fre�uent in cities and t�eir potential impacts on �uman �ealt�
and plant performance are increasingly �orrying� �mplementing urban green infrastructure, particularly trees,
can mitigate t�is de�elopment due to cooling from e�apotranspiration and s�ading� �o�e�er, t�e effect is not
linearly scaling �it� tree density and temperature�radiation due to feedbacks bet�een climate, �ater supply
and plant p�ysiology (in particular stomatal conductance)� ��erefore, it is necessary to consider not only t�e
position and indi�idual dimension but also t�e species-specific p�ysiological responses in dynamic relation to
t�eir en�ironment� Commonly used climatological models usually assume tree properties as static, eit�er
neglecting or o�er-e�pressing e�apotranspiration (by assuming unlimited �ater supply), and are often not
considering indi�idual tree si�es to determine t�e pattern of s�ading� �n order to o�ercome t�ese limitations,
a model �as been de�eloped and implemented t�at is based on tree p�ysiological processes and can be run
�it� simple tree in�entory data� �it� t�is model cooling effects can be assessed in dependence on climate as
�ell as tree properties, enabling scenario analysis for different structures and densities of urban green spaces�
��e model is e�aluated �it� sap flo� measurements of single trees at t�o different urban places� ��e impact
of tree distribution and different �eat�er conditions is s�o�n for t�e largest park in t�e city of Munic�,
Germany, indicating t�at t�e �ater supply from t�e soil �as a ma�or impact on t�e cooling capacity� Finally,
t�e potential applications and limits of t�e model are discussed, �ig�lig�ting specifically t�e importance for
air �uality studies since deposition as �ell as emission of �olatile compounds are related to transpiration�
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A��������� �� ����� ������ ������������ ��������� �������� ��� �� ������� ��������
����� ������ �� ��� C��� �� L�������� ��������
Ur�a ����AR and Erika ���AMER���
�n�������on� �lo�enian Forestry �nstitute � �lo�enia
Con����� ursa��il�ar�go�dis�si
����o���� �r�an For�st� �rin�in� �at�r� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s
�n recent years t�ere �as been an increasing focus on urban forest ecosystem ser�ices, related to regulation
of �ater flo�, �ater purification and air pollution reduction (�earlmutter et al� 201�)� �o�e�er, information
about t�e e�tent of �o� urban ecosystems fulfil t�eir ser�ices, t�at could be used by decisionmakers in urban
�aters�ed management and �ater resources planning, is limited (�il�ar and �imon�i� 2012)�
��is study presents �uantitati�e and �ualitati�e indicators for selected ecosystem ser�ices in t�e pilot area
Dra�l�e, a location for potential �ater �ell field, ��ic� is at t�e moment a reser�ed area in t�e spatial plan of
t�e City of ��ubl�ana, �lo�enia� Rainfall interception and soil �ater �olding capacity �ere selected indicators
for regulation of �ater flo�� nitrate concentrations in t�e ground�ater of ��ubl�ana a�uifer, soil bulk density
and C�� ratio for �ater purification and annual concentration of ��2, �M10 and number of days �it�
e�ceeded �M10 concentration t�res�old �0 �g�m� �ere selected indicators for air pollution� �e standardi�ed
t�e obtained �alues on a relati�e scale (0 � 100) to assess possible contribution of land co�er class to pro�ision
of an ecosystem ser�ice (�osc�ke et al� 2012)�
��e �ig�est capacity to pro�ide �ater flo� regulation ecosystem ser�ices �as s�o�n for �etlands (�� scores)
and mi�ed forests (�2 scores)� ��e lo�est capacity �as indicated for urban areas (0 scores)� ��e �ig�est
capacity to pro�ide �ater purification ecosystem ser�ices �as s�o�n for cropland (�9 scores) and mi�ed
forests (�� scores), compared to urban areas �it� lo�est capacity (0 scores)� ��e lo�est capacity for t�e air
pollution reduction �as indicated for urban areas (1� scores), follo�ed by cropland (�2 scores), ��ereas ot�er
land classes �ad scores �ig�er t�an �0� ��e �ig�est capacity to pro�ide air pollution reduction �as s�o�n for
forests �it� 9� scores, follo�ed by grass and rangelands (�� scores) and cropland (4� scores)� Urban fabric
reac�ed 0 scores�
Using �ydrologically oriented urban forestry management measures to impro�e ecosystem ser�ices in
urbani�ed �aters�ed represents a nature-based solution� Results of t�is study could �elp to link decision
making of t�e public �ater supply ser�ice �it� t�e rele�ant en�ironmental information, models and data, e�g�
�ater protection �ones, �uman �ealt� e�posure and risk by air pollutants, ecosystem e�posure to e�ceedance
of critical le�els and loads, etc�
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U���� T����� �������� ������ ��� A��������� E�������������E������� B������� �
D������ I������
�ine ���GA� and Gerald M����
�n�������on� Uni�ersity College Dublin � �reland
Con����� tningal�gmail�com
����o���� ur�an tr��s� prop�rty pri��s� �n�iron��ntal���ono�i� ��n��its� ��osyst��� so�io���ono�i�� i�Tr��
Tools� �u�lin
Urban trees are gaining increasing attention for t�eir myriad of (en�ironmental, social, economic, �ealt�)
benefits and ser�ices to society, particularly in urbani�ed areas� Urban areas comprise some of t�e main
sources of air pollution from ant�ropogenic acti�ities� ��e �ersatile and multifunctional benefits of urban trees
are attracting interests globally and aut�orities suc� as t�e EU �a�e implemented European-�ide forest
in�entories and issued directi�es for member states to incorporate urban trees in t�eir national plans� �n
�reland, an e�ample is t�e Dublin City �ree �trategy 201�-2020� Gi�en t�e kno�n benefits of trees and green
infrastructure in cities, gat�ering data on urban trees into a database system and turning t�em into useful
information for stake�olders is critical� ��e ad�ances in remote sensing and G�� tec�nologies in collating suc�
data �a�e greatly impro�ed� Due to t�e �ars� conditions in urban en�ironments (restrictions in space, lig�t,
�ater), species selection and t�eir management re�uire careful attention and in�estment�
�o t�is end, studies on Dublin�s urban trees re�eal a di�ide ��en it comes to t�e geograp�y of urban trees�
��e density and spatial distribution of trees correspond �it� land use planning and policies by local aut�orities�
��ere is a general sense t�at affluent areas and suburbs t�at are relati�ely �ealt�y are endo�ed �it� lu�uriant
�egetation compared to non-affluent areas� �tudies confirm t�at t�e presence of trees increases property
�alues� Using G�� and remote sensing data on Dublin�s urban trees and data from t�e property register, t�e
correlation bet�een canopy co�er and property prices �ill be computed� ��e data on trees �ill t�en be used
�it� i-�ree tools to assess t�e en�ironmental and economic benefits of Dublin�s trees� ��e outcome �ill be
t�ofold� first to establis� if t�ere is a correlation bet�een tree canopy and affluence across Dublin, and
second, to �uantify t�e ecosystem and socio-economic benefits pro�ided by Dublin�s tree using i-�ree and
associated tools� ��is �ork falls �it�in t�e Dublin�s 201�-2020 �ree �trategic �lan and t�e outcome �ill
pro�ide �aluable information for multiple stake�olders from local aut�orities and city planners to property
de�elopers, landscape arc�itects, researc�ers, and t�e �ider public�
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S������ ��� T�� C��
��������
F����� �lanning
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N����� B���� �������� ����� �� ��� B�������� ������������ ����
Annalisa G��C���, �acob C�RERA, Eug�nia ��DA�, �eresa G�ME�-FABRA, Raimon R�DA, �aura C�D, Ana
R�MER�, �a�ier �R��G��A, �atricia GARC�A, Elena ARGE��C� and Antoni FARRER�
�n�������on� �rea Metropolitana Barcelona � �pain
Con����� tgome��amb�cat, farrero�amb�cat
����o���� �atur� �as�� �lannin�� �ar��lona ��tropolitan �r�a� �at�r� ��ro�For�st �osai�� �r��n ��t�or��
�ilot T�st� �oor�ination� �arti�ipation
�ntroduction
��e Barcelona metropolitan area is a region �it� �� municipalities and ��2M in�abitants� �t is a metabolically
open system ��ic� depends on e�ternal regions for its �ater, energy and materials supplies, and it faces
pollution problems in its urban centers� Moreo�er, its location makes it e�tremely �ulnerable to t�e effects of
climate c�ange� For t�is reason, t�e future Barcelona Metropolitan Masterplan of t�e AMB (public
metropolitan administration) bank on a �ature Based �lanning model ��ic� seeks to transfer t�e p�ilosop�y
of �ature Based �olutions to urban planning�
��ree strategies and a pilot test
��e renaturalisation of t�is territory enables t�e ecological functions and ecosystemic ser�ices of t�e entire
system to be preser�ed and impro�ed� Also, t�at guarantees more circular and resilient urban systems�
��e goal is to ac�ie�e t�is model �ia � strategies�
�� �ater, a �ector of regeneration of t�e metropolitan area� By fostering t�e impro�ement in ecological
connecti�ity and en�ancing �ater�s function of �ydric and t�ermal regulation in urban settings�
�� ��e agro-forest mosaic, a model to manage open spaces� By reco�ering farmlands allo�ing for production
in urban or marginal spaces as �ell, and fostering t�e management of t�e agro-forest lands�
�� A green e�c�ange net�ork� By fostering a functional ecological net�ork ��ic� s�ould lead t�e urban edges
�ie�ed as marginal spaces to disappear�
��ere are plans to �old pilot tests in t�e area bet�een t�e Collserola mountain and t�e lo�er �lobregat Ri�er
�alley to �alidate t�e proposed model� ��ey include t�o studies� one of t�e structuring elements t�at s�ould
need inter�ention and regeneration to complete t�e ecological and social connections and anot�er of all t�e
agro-forest spaces and t�eir conditions of use to foster t�eir multifunctionality and o�ercome t�eir marginality
as border spaces�
�o carry out t�ese actions, t�e AMB s�ould spear�ead t�e coordination among t�e municipalities and t�e
administrations �it� po�ers on t�is matter and articulate a participation strategy of t�e population�
Conclusion
�Bplanning incorporates natural resources into urban planning, and it �ill incorporate inno�ation in t�e
e�eryday tasks of public administrations, suc� as urban planning and fostering cooperation among t�e
different regional agents, city councils and t�eir in�abitants�
������n���
�eb Barcelona Metropolitan Masterplan� �ttp���urbanisme�amb�cat�pdu-metropolita
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W��� ��������� ������ I������ ������: ����� ��������� ���� �� ����� ������������
Gio�anni �RE��A����, ��omas CAM�AG�AR�, �aolo �EME��A�� and �ommaso �����A
�n�������on� Department �and, En�ironment, Agriculture and Forestry, Uni�ersity of �ado�a � �taly
Con����� t�omas�campagnaro�unipd�it, t�omas�campagnaro�unipd�it, paolo�semen�ato�unipd�it,
tommaso�sit�ia�unipd�it
����o���� �il� �r�an �oo�lan�s� �r�an �lannin�� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�s� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �r�an
����n�ration
�ild urban �oodlands are t�e result of spontaneous recoloni�ation by plants of abandoned areas �it�in urban
and peri-urban areas� Compared to some European metropolitan areas, in �taly t�is �uncon�entional� nature
is usually not considered in urban plans as part of t�e green infrastructure� �e use se�eral case studies spread
t�roug�out �talian cities to describe t�e �ariability of �ild urban �oodlands� �e analyse, t�roug� t�e use of
�istorical images and comparing results from urban planning tools, t�eir e�olution �it�in t�e urban matri��
�e couple t�is analysis �it� t�at of t�e structural features of t�ese �oodlands to outline t�eir potential role
in urban plans and regeneration process� Regardless of t�eir consideration in t�e planning process, �ild urban
�oodlands en�ance cities� capacity of pro�iding complementary ecosystem ser�ices and support a �ariety of
flora and fauna t�at �a�e been disappearing in urban en�ironments� Furt�ermore, t�ese areas �a�e an
o�erlooked potential as ne� spaces for educational and artistic acti�ities, as �ell as for pro�iding climate
c�ange adaptation opportunities� ��erefore, one urgent c�allenge for city planning, in �taly as �ell as in many
ot�er countries, is to consider t�ese areas as integral parts of t�e urban green infrastructure� �ndeed, urban
regeneration approac�es s�ould take into account t�e intrinsic dynamic conditions and t�e range of
ecosystem ser�ices pro�ided to citi�ens by t�ese �oodlands� Conse�uently different forest management
approac�es s�ould be de�eloped to promote a �ariety of outcomes in terms of ecosystem ser�ices and to
guarantee t�e sustainability of maintaining t�ese areas o�er a medium and long term�
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T� ���� ����� ��� ���� �� WILD: ��� G��������� �������� G���� �B�������
G�i� ��EGE�, Miguel BER�E���� and Mieke �C�AU���EGE
�n�������on� Groendienst, Departement of Urban De�elopment, City of G�ent � Belgium
Con����� g�i��stegen�stad�gent, miguel�berteloot�stad�gent, mieke�sc�au�liege�stad�gent
����o���� �r��n �ol�� ��a�� For�sts� For�st �or th� �����orns� �atural ����t�ry� �osai� Lan�s�ap��
�arti�ipation� ����ssi�ility
��e city of G�ent (Belgium) �as set itself an ambitious goal to ensure t�at eac� in�abitant �as an area of more
t�an 100 �a �it�in � km from �is or �er doorstep� ��ese large areas are called green poles and t�e Gentbrugse
Meersen is one of t�e four green poles in G�ent� �nce completed, t�e Gentbrugse Meersen �ill appro�imately
be 240 �a in si�e, 1�0 �a of ��ic� �as already been establis�ed� �e foresee at least �0 �a of forest, combining
mostly ne�ly created forest, along �it� forested patc�es present prior to our de�elopments�
��e density of a city suc� as G�ent, �it� 1��00 in�abitants�km�, leads to t�e need for �uiet and green areas
��ere one can escape t�e �ectic city life� At t�e same time, �e are c�allenged to incorporate t�e interests of
a �ig�ly di�ergent public and ensure t�eir return to t�e green pole� ��e Gentbrugse Meersen accommodates
areas for nature conser�ation� community-gardening� protected �eritage� people rela�ing or �alking t�eir dog
but also areas ��ere small and large c�ildren can play surrounded by a green en�ironment� infrastructure for
guiding people t�roug� t�e area� safe and en�ironmentally incorporated constructions for c�ildren to play�
areas for bio-farming (��ere city-kids can come into close contact �it� cattle)�
�ere, � s�o� �o� �e s�ape t�e ne�ly created forests in suc� a �ay t�at �e increase t�e biological �alue of
t�e green pole but at t�e same time pro�ide an ans�er to t�e different social demands and needs of urban
green areas� By spontaneous forestation, creating a mosaic landscape managed by gra�ing cattle, organi�ing
orc�estrated forestation e�ents (leading to our forest of t�e ne�-borns), emp�asi�ing t�e need for global
peace �it� a peace-monument in our peace-forest or by designing t�e forest in suc� a �ay t�at �e create a
calm and serene location ��ere people can say t�eir last goodbyes ��ile t�ey burying t�e as�es of t�e recently
deceased among t�e trees, �e try to pro�ide a place for e�eryone, ��ic� can be used by e�eryone� By
increasing participation, emotional affinity and p�ysical connecti�ity �it� t�e city centre for lo�-impact modes
of transportation, �e aim at encouraging citi�ens to return and en�oy t�eir piece of nature�
��ile �e are approac�ing t�e t�ird and final p�ase of t�e entire pro�ect (creating t�e most nort�ern part), �e
�ope to create an urban �ungle in t�e long run, �ence �e ad�ertise t�e Gentbrugse Meersen as ��o eac� t�eir
o�n kind of ���D��
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C�������� ������ �������� ��� ��������� �������� ���������: ��� ���������� ��
����� ������� ���������� ������ �I�����
�sabella DE ME�a and Alessandro �A�E���b
�n�������on� aCentre for Agriculture and En�ironment � �taly� bCouncil for Agricultural Researc� and Economics
(CREA) � �taly �
Con����� isabella�demeo�crea�go��it, alessandro�paletto�crea�go��it
����o���� For�st �lannin�� ��ri��r�an For�sts� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� For�sts �isitors� �ont� �or�llo � �taly
�n Central-�out�ern �taly, t�e traditional strategy for reforesting degraded lands �as first to plant fast-gro�ing
pioneer species assuming t�at t�ese species �ould facilitate t�e introduction of late-successional broadlea�ed
species� �n many cases, t�is strategy �as failed and t�ese stands can be considered simplified and fragile
ecosystems c�aracteri�ed by a lo� le�el of biodi�ersity�
�n t�e lig�t of �FM, ne� forest planning processes and sil�icultural treatments must be defined to guide natural
e�olution to more comple� and stable forests incorporating forest ecosystem ser�ices (FE�) assessment�
�n post-modern society, people percei�e forests as resources capable of pro�iding clear air, leisure facilities,
recreational and sports opportunities and decision-makers are becoming a�are of t�e �alue of FE� for t�e
�ell-being of t�e residents�
�n t�is frame�ork, t�e present study is aimed to increase citi�ens� a�areness of t�e �alue of FE�� to elicit
�isitors� e�pectations about t�e forest ecosystem ser�ices pro�ided by artificial black pine forests, and to
gat�er suggestions to�ard t�e future forest planning strategies and t�eir effects on FE� pro�ision�
��e study area is t�e peri-urban forest of Monte Morello located near t�e urban area of Florence� ��is forest
is t�e result of t�e reforestations acti�ities reali�ed in early decades of t�e t�entiet� century� Currently it is a
simplified, unstable and fragile ecosystem, c�aracteri�ed by poor regeneration, �uge �uantity of dead�ood
and a �ig� degree of flammability� �n t�e ot�er �and, t�e forest represents t�e green lung of t�e to�n and
an important resource for recreational acti�ities�
�n 201�, 201 �isitors of t�e forest �a�e been in�ol�ed in a sur�ey aimed to in�estigate t�eir preferences and
opinions �it� a �uestions-information approac�� ��ile e�plaining t�e planning strategies and sil�icultural
inter�entions reali�ed in t�e forest, respondents �ere asked to assign t�eir aest�etic-�isual preferences to t�e
forest stands after different sil�icultural treatments using a set of p�otos� Furt�ermore, �isitors assessed t�e
importance of se�en different FE� pro�ided by Monte Morello using a �-point �ikert scale format�
Results s�o� t�at recreational acti�ities and air �uality are considered t�e most important FE� pro�ided by
Monte Morello forest� Furt�ermore people appreciate t�e forest managed t�roug� sil�icultural treatments
aimed to increase forest stability and natural regeneration processes�
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T�� L�������� G���� N������: � ��� ���� ��� �������� �� L�������
�uisa �EDRA�����
�n�������on� Regione �ombardia � �taly
Con����� luisa�pedra��ini�regione�lombardia�it
����o���� �ulti�un�tionality� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �nt��rat�� �lannin�� �ultis�alar �lannin�� Lan�s�ap�
�nt��rat�� �lannin�
��e Regional Green �et�ork (RG�) is one of t�e main inno�ations of t�e Regional �andscape �lan being dra�n
up in �ombardy to deal �it� cultural landscape and en�ironmental protection� ��e RG� is based on t�e
Regional Ecological �et�ork (RE�), �it� adding furt�er components suc� as agriculture, culture, �istoric and
leisure sites� �t is designed assuming t�e landscape and en�ironmental asset of t�e region (eg�� agriculture,
lakes�ores, peri-urban agriculture, forests, �istorical and irrigation canals, �istorical pat�s, tran�uil areas,
spring �ater, etc�), finding out t�e main focal points ��ere green net�ork and landscape cornerstone
elements con�erge, aiming to integrate t�e di�erse components of t�e system in a multifunctional
perspecti�e� ��e RG� designed at regional le�el �as to be e�ploited at different territorial scale, according to
local aut�orities planning competences, �a�ing t�em in c�arge to detail and implement t�e green net�ork in
t�eir o�n land use plans� ��e RG� is t�e main structured frame to sketc� t�e detailed design of t�e local urban
and peri-urban forestry �it� an integrated, interdisciplinary, participatory and strategic approac� in planning
and managing tree resources for t�eir economic, en�ironmental and sociocultural benefits� �t is ensured t�e
promotion of a compre�ensi�e and integrated planning approac� to t�e elements of t�e natural, cultural and
rural systems fa�ouring t�e access and use of RG� by soft mobility net�ork suc� as pedestrian, cycle pat�s
and public transport and ensuring t�e ecological continuity at territorial scale� ��e RG� concreti�es bot� t�e
approac� stated in t�e European Union�s �Green infrastructures strategy� and t�e European �andscape
Con�ention principles, ��ic� recogni�es t�e importance of t�e en�ironmental elements in landscape planning,
impro�ing t�e integration bet�een cultural and ecological aspects in a compre�ensi�e approac�� ��e RG�
includes urban forestry as a fundamental component of an integrated spatial design in ��ic� net�orks or
systems including �oodlands, parks, open spaces located in urban and peri-urban areas and derelict sites are
components of t�e green infrastructure backbone� ��is allo�s bridging rural and urban areas, impro�ing a
city�s en�ironmental, biodi�ersity, climate �uality and citi�ens� sense of place� ��is is particularly important in
t�e metropolitan region of Milan, ��ere li�e ��� of t�e regional population and is affected by t�e presence
of se�en million people daily
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O��������� ��������� �������� ��������� ����� �������� ���� ������� ��� ���� �����
������
Mo�ammad A RA�MA�, Astrid M��ER-RE��C��, ��omas R���ER and �tep�an �AU�E��
�n�������on� �ec�nical Uni�ersity of Munic� � Germany
Con����� ma�ra�man�tum�de
����o���� �r�an �r��nspa��� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� Sp��i�s �hara�t�risti�s� �oolin� �����t� �uno�� ���u�tion
Greenspaces can moderate t�e effects of ongoing climate c�ange and urbani�ation t�roug� t�e pro�ision of
ecosystem ser�ices (E�)� �o�e�er, due to �ig� �eterogeneity at micro-scales, t�ere is still uncertainty
concerning t�e magnitude, pattern and t�e process of mitigation� ��er t�e last four years �e continuously
measured eco-p�ysiological, dendroc�ronological, meteorological, edap�ic �ariables and t�e �eat flu�es
belo� and abo�e canopy of contrasting tree species planted in different street and canyon conditions in
Munic� as �ell as in t�e comparati�ely drier city of ��r�burg in Germany� �pecies c�aracteristics leading to
different gro�t� patterns s�o�ed influences on bot� s�ading and transpirational cooling �it� a decrease in
air temperature up to 2 �C in t�e centre of t�e cro�n and around 1 �C at 1�� m �eig�t from t�e ground� Among
t�e species c�aracteristics, leaf area inde� �as t�e central criterion ��ic� caused surface temperature
differences of up to 24 �C o�er asp�alt and up to 9 �C o�er grass surfaces� E�en during t�e �ot and dry summer
of 201�, tree s�ade pro�ided p�ysiologically e�ui�alent temperature reductions of around 4 �C in ��r�burg�
�n case of transpirational air cooling, t�e si�e of t�e trees, �ood anatomy, climate �ones and �ater use
efficiency s�o�ed t�e greatest effect� �rees �it� �ig�er abo�e and belo� ground gro�t� also linearly
increased t�e soil infiltration potential� �argely, E� �ere also dependent on �arious meteorological �ariables
and belo�-canopy surfaces� �rees gro�n o�er pa�ed surfaces and �it�in narro�-street canyons pro�ided
lo�er boundary layer cooling and also �indered t�e �ind flo�, t�erefore, only la�ns �it�in t�e �ind c�annels
�ere more efficient� Con�ersely, on �ider street canyons, trees in combination �it� grasses �ere more
efficient� ��erall, trees �it� less �ater demand and lo�er canopy density s�o�ed �ig�er cooling potential and
runoff reduction ��en t�ey �ere planted o�er grass surface t�an o�er built surfaces t�roug� t�e
e�apotranspiration of grass and an e�tended fine rooting system� ��ere larger areas of la�n are not practical,
�ig�er root biomass and infiltration at around � m a�ay from t�e tree trunk suggested a need for larger tree
planting pits to optimi�e t�e E� pro�ision� �o�e�er, t�ere �ere trade-offs bet�een different indicators for E�
suc� as carbon gain and transpiration� number of trees and �ind flo�� ��us t�e study pro�ided ne� insig�ts
on designing urban greenspaces and c�oice of species�
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T�� ��������������� �������� �� ����� ���������� ������ ��� ���� ����� ������� ��
���� ������� ������� C���� ��������
�iali ���, C�eng �A�G and Bao�uan ��A
�n�������on� C�inese Academy of Forestry � C�ina
Con����� king90emily�gmail�com, �c����1�1���com
����o���� �r��nspa�� �att�rns� �r�an�To��ural �ra�i�nt� Spatio�T��poral �yna�i�s� ��pa�t Fa�tors
C�angs�a, Dalian, �anc�ang and ��en��en ��ic� contain bot� coastal and inland, sout�ern, central and
nort�ern cities �ere selected to detect t�e spatio-temporal dynamics of greenspace patterns from 19�4 to
2012� �e also tried to e�ploratory analy�e t�e main impact factors for t�e c�anges of greenspace patterns�
��is study aims to pro�ide ne� spatial data for future urban greenspace researc� and planning� First, �e
collected time-series �andsat composites and applied �D��-t�res�olding tec�ni�ue to reclassify greenspace
into four classes and used landscape indices to �uantify t�e greenspace patterns features� ��en, �e assessed
temporal dynamics of greenspace by using t�e Mann-�endall trend test� �e also calculated t�e normali�ed
distance inde� to measure t�e urban-to-rural gradients� �e�t, dynamic time �arping �as applied to detect t�e
dissimilarity of long-term trends tra�ectories of landscape indices in four cities� Finally, ma�imum information-
based non-parametric e�ploration met�od �as used to detect t�e pair�ise relations�ip bet�een t�e c�anges
in greenspace patterns and main impact factors� �ur results s�o� t�at t�e dense �egetation in C�angs�a,
Dalian and ��en��en �ad an a�erage increase of 0�2� per cent and t�e mean patc� si�e of dense �egetation
increased 0�11 �ectares from 19�4 to 2012� ��e medium-dense �egetation in t�ese t�ree cities �ad an a�erage
increase of 0�40 per cent, t�e mean patc� si�e in �anc�ang and ��en��en increased 0�1�, 0�04 �ectares
respecti�ely, �o�e�er, C�angs�a and Dalian decreased 0�01, 0�0� �ectares respecti�ely� ��e urban-to-rural
gradients of dense �egetation in inland cities �ad a �-s�aped tra�ectory� �parse �egetation in C�angs�a and
��en��en �ad a monotonic decreasing tra�ectory, ��ile Dalian and �anc�ang �ad a �-s�aped tra�ectory� ��e
c�anges in greenspace patterns �ad a strong non-linear relations�ip �it� income, gross domestic product per
person, t�e proportion of urban population and proportion of city area� Contrary to medium-dense �egetation,
t�e dense �egetation in C�angs�a, Dalian and ��en��en increased and t�e patc�es became more connected
from 19�4 to 2012� Contrary to coastal cities, t�e sparse �egetation increased in inland cities and t�e patterns
became less fragmented� ��e urban greenspace s�o�ed t�ree tra�ectories of urban-to-rural gradients, t�e
first one is parabola-s�aped tra�ectory (�� or ��), second is constant tra�ectory (�-�), t�ird is monotonic
increasing or decreasing tra�ectory�
T�� C���������� F����� � ��������
124
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
R������������ �� E��������� L�������� �� B��������: ��� S���������� G���� A����
�� ��� ���������� ������ ��������
�ladimir B�C, Robert ���E�CU, �uciana �ECA and Ana ���A
�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Agronomic �ciences and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest � Romania
Con����� �ladimirboc�gmail�com, ir�mi�ai�ya�oo�com, luciana�eca1�gmail�com, ana��ita199��ya�oo�com
����o���� �r�an �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �r��n Spa�� Syst��� ��n�rolo�i�al ����tation
��e studied area is located in t�e center of Buc�arest, replacing t�e former Uranus-���or neig�bor�ood, and
is one of t�e most significantly transformed �istorical areas of t�e capital city of Romania, during t�e last years
of t�e communist regime� �oday, t�e landscape is dominated by t�e monumental building of t�e �arliament
�alace, surrounded by large green areas �it� dense mi�ed dendrological �egetation ��ic� are mostly unused
and inaccessible for t�e public�
��e study includes a synt�esis regarding t�e e�olution of t�e urban landscape and t�e surrounding green
spaces o�er t�e last century, an analysis of t�e current situation and se�eral future scenarios for t�e �arliament
�alace Area, ��ic� is considered one of t�e most contro�ersial contemporary urban pro�ects in Buc�arest�
�istorical researc� re�eals t�e key moments of t�e urban transformations in t�e Uranus-���or Area� t�e
proposals for systemati�ation dating from 19��, t�e radical demolition process in t�e late 19�0s, follo�ed by
t�e construction of t�e Ci�ic Center, including t�e �eople�s �ouse (currently t�e �arliament �alace, t�e largest
building in Europe) and t�e initiati�es to reintegrate t�e area in t�e urban conte�t after 1990�
��e analysis of t�e current situation is focused on assessing t�e potential for integration of t�e unused green
infrastructure resources� Recent initiati�es of t�e C�amber of Deputies and t�e local public aut�orities to
reconnect t�e urban area �it�in t�e green spaces system of Buc�arest are also presented� �n t�e last part, a
number of scenarios for t�e possible e�olution of t�e �arliament �alace Area are presented� ��e �isions range
from a strong densification of t�e built urban tissue to a large green spaces net�ork in t�e center of t�e city�
��e researc� �ig�lig�ts t�e importance of reintegrating atypical built structures and �ig�ly �egetated green
areas in terms of en�ironmental, functional and aest�etic issues, by understanding t�e �istory of t�e place
and by identifying future de�elopment scenarios for t�e studied area�
T�� C���������� F����� � ��������
12�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
B���A����: O����������� �� ���������� �������� �� ����� ������� �� ���������� ����
��� ���������� �� �������� ��������������� �� ������ �� ���������� ������ ��� ����������
�� ������� ������
�ebastian �C�U��, �ulia D��GE�DA�� and �orbert B���E�
�n�������on� City of Essen � Germany
Con����� sebastian�sc�ul��um�eltamt�essen�de, norbert�boesken�gge�essen�de
����o���� �au�a�apt� �li�ati� �han��� �on���tin� ���nt� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �ity Tr�� �ana����nt� �r�an
For�st �ana����nt
�ptimi�ation of eco-system ser�ices of urban forests in compliance �it� t�e resilience of critical
infrastructures in regard to con�ecti�e e�ents and adaptation to climate c�ange
��e pro�ect aim is to generate precise cluster recommendations for t�e de�elopment of an urban forest � city
tree population, under consideration of �ulnerability of critical infrastructure in conte�t to t�e city tree
management, in order to increase resilience to t�e �ig�est riskless le�el of rele�ant ecosystem ser�ices�
�it� �E�A�-summer storm in �une 2014 t�e City of Essen suffered t�e most se�ere storm e�ent since t�e
beginning of records� At least since t�is ma�or catastrop�ic e�ent it �as become clear t�at t�e �ulnerability of
urban tree population is able to disrupt t�e complete city infrastructure �it� substantial risks for urban citi�ens
�it� dimensions of a ci�il catastrop�ic e�ent� Adding up to t�e s�ort- and medium-term �mpacts on critical
infrastructure and transport safety, large parts of t�e urban tree population �ere damaged in urban forests
(1���0 �a) as �ell as in t�e city tree population (2�0�000 trees)� �it�in t�e conte�t of t�e already occurring
climatic c�ange, accumulation and repetition of comparable intensity �it� less or e�en greater spatial e�tent
can be anticipated� ��e impact of climate c�ange is e�pected to lead to significant c�anges in ecosystem
ser�ices�
��e planned pro�ect is t�us of considerable rele�ance to urban-, landscape- and forestry planning as �ell as
for t�e pre�enti�e disaster protection of t�e city administration of Essen� ��e pro�ect t�us plays an essential
part in t�e climate adaptation strategy of t�e city of Essen� ��e pro�ect results are e�pected to pro�ide
important recommendations for a substantial optimisation of t�e forest and city tree population �it� regard
to its risk reduction in regard to critical infrastructure and traffic safety as �ell as its resilience and sustainable
optimi�ation of its ecosystem ser�ices�
T�� C���������� F����� � ��������
12�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
T�� C���������� F����� � ��������
12�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
S������ ��� O������
�������������
O������ �������������
12�
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
O������ �������������
129
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
A������� T��� A���������
�teffen RU��
�n�������on� �A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts � Germany
Con����� steffen�rust��a�k�de
����o���� Tr�� �ss�ss��nt� To�o�raphy� �roun����n�tratin� �a�ar� Stati� Loa� T�sts
Met�ods and de�ices for t�e non-destructi�e assessment of urban trees �a�e de�eloped rapidly in
recent years� � am proposing a practical, �ands-on session �it� static load tests, sonic and electrical
resisti�ity tomograp�y and geo-radar on t�e site of t�e conference�
C��������� �� ��� ������� �� ������ ��� �������� �� ��� ����� � � ���� �� ����� ���
�������� �����
�teffen RU��
�n�������on� �A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts � Germany
Con����� steffen�rust��a�k�de
����o���� �itality �ss�ss��nt� �l� Tr��s� Tr�� �n��ntory
�itality assessment is a key element of urban tree management� �o�e�er, it is less �ell understood t�an often
assumed� After a re�ie� of current researc�, t�o contro�ersial met�ods are compared in an e�periment�
�itality of trees is often defined in relation to sur�i�al, gro�t�, or response to stress� A �ide range of met�ods
is used to assess �itality, often based on cro�n arc�itecture, cro�n condition, or epicormic gro�t�� ��is study
applies t�o met�ods to assess old Fagus syl�atica and Acer pseudoplatanus and compares t�e results
�uantitati�ely� �ne met�od is based on t�e arc�itecture of t�e upper part of t�e cro�n, t�e ot�er uses a �ide
range of parameters, most of t�em related to t�e trunk� Bot� use an ordinal scale ranging from 0 (best) to �
(�orst)�
Bot� met�ods �ere applied e�ually fast, and t�eir results �ere statistically �ig�ly significantly correlated,
albeit �it� large scatter� �itality based on cro�n arc�itecture �as on a�erage 1�� grades �orse and e�plained
a t�ird of t�e �ariation of t�e ot�er met�od�
Cro�n arc�itecture s�ould remain t�e basis of �itality assessment, because it is easy to learn, repeatable and
based on a p�ysiological model� �n old trees, ��ere t�e gro�t� of cro�n and trunk can be de-coupled, a lo�
�itality score s�ould be ad�usted ��en t�e trunk s�o�s signs of �igorous gro�t��
� �
O������ �������������
1�0
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
U�� �� VTA �� C������ F�������� �������� ��� T���� ����� �� ���������� ������ ��������
Filipa MA�Aa, �atiana �A�ADAa, Bruno FERRE�RAa, Marta R�C�Aa, Maria Filomena CAE�A��a and Ana �aula
RAM��b
�n�������on� a����A - �aborat�rio de �atologia �egetal �er�ssimo de Almeida, �nstituto �uperior de Agronomia,
Uni�ersidade de �isboa � �ortugal� b�EAF � �ortugal
Con����� filipamaia�isa�ulisboa�pt, pramos�isa�ulisboa�pt
����o���� Tr�� �is� �ss�ss��nt� Stru�tural �����ts� ���ay� Failur� �att�rn� �r�an Tr��s
�n �ortuguese cities ��ltis australis, Fra�inus spp�, �latanus spp� and Tilia spp� are t�e most common tree
species� �o�adays, Municipalities �a�e demanding ob�ecti�es concerning t�e protection of urban trees and
look for t�e early detection of structural defects and ad�erse conditions t�at can �elp establis�ing programs
of tree risk management� �isual �ree Assessment (��A) is a met�od used to e�aluate t�e likeli�ood of failure
for a gi�en tree in a gi�en moment� Ad�anced risk assessments mig�t include t�e use of de�ices for decay
detection namely resistance drilling records (e�� Resistograp�) and sonic tomograp�y (e�� Arbotom)� �it� t�is
�ork, �e intended to identify structural defects associated �it� risk of failure of t�e most common urban tree
species e�aluated since 201�� �ark and street trees �ere e�amined by ��A, using drilling tests and
tomograp�ic analysis ��ene�er needed� Finally, eac� tree �as rated �it� a risk rating �alue (RR�)� �o far, t�e
most fre�uent structural defect found �as dead branc�es (��� in 21� trees e�aluated), e�en if in Tilia spp� co-
dominant branc�es �it� included bark �ere most fre�uently obser�ed� �n general, �� australis and �latanus
spp� �ad a failure pattern mainly related �it� t�e presence of dead branc�es, ca�ities and decays caused by
�ood rots fungi on branc�es and on trunks� �n mature indi�iduals of Fra�inus spp� t�e rupture of limbs �appens
�uite often� �n t�e ot�er �and, �latanus spp� and Tilia spp� rarely fail, but in t�e case of strong �inds or storms
fre�uently lose branc�es� Under t�e present scenarios of climate c�anging and t�e emergence of ne� pests
and diseases, tree risk assessment is a fundamental tool for t�e protection of trees and for t�e planning of
future Urban Green �nfrastructures�
O������ �������������
1�1
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
L���T���L�� �� �������� ��� ������� ��������� �� ���� ������ �� L�������� ����
��������
Ma�a �URCa and Mi�aela ��U��b
�n�������on� aUni�ersity of ��ubl�ana, Biotec�nical Faculty, Department of Rene�able Forest Resources �
�lo�enia� b��e �ree �nstitute - �nstitute for t�e De�elopment and Researc� of Forest and �rees � �lo�enia
Con����� ma�a��urc�bf�uni-l��si
����o���� �ns��ts� Fun�i� �r�an H�at �slan�s� �ortality o� Tr��s� Sapro�yli� Ha�itats
��e City of ��ubl�ana �as 290,000 in�abitants and co�ers 2�� km2� ��e c�aracteristics of t�e city lies in its
e�tensi�e greenery including 110�� km2 of forests and t�e fact t�at t�e forest co�er penetrates t�e city centre
from t�o sides� �e�ert�eless, ��ubl�ana area is classified as urban �eat islands of t�e 2nd le�el, t�eir intensity
reac�ing up to 1�� �C and on a�erage 0��� � 0�10 �C �armer t�an t�e surrounding area� A number of
t�ermop�ilic or t�ermotolerant pat�ogenic fungi, as �ell as insect pests are causing e�tensi�e damages,
�eakening or mortality to trees in urban green areas� �n t�e city �e are de�eloping forest laboratory named
�i�e�ree�ab for t�e researc�, in�entory and public co-monitoring of �armful biotic factors t�at influence t�e
�ealt� of �oody plants, t�eir impact on t�e stability and structure of trees and t�e de�elopment of ne�
sapro�ylic �abitats� According to t�e pilot study made in t�e years 2010-201� numerous �armful nati�e and
introduced alien species �a�e been detected� ��e most important among nati�e pests are Thau��topo�a
pro��sion�a, �ps typo�raphus, �ityo��n�s �hal�o�raphus, but in�asi�e alien species from ordo �eteroptera,
�omoptera and �epidoptera are more numerous� �ome ne� pat�ogens �a�e been detected� �s�u�o�onas
syrin�a� p�� a�s�uli, �rysiph� ar�uata, �� �l��ata, �� �l��uosa� ��e main factor of p�ysical destabili�ation of
�eakened trees are �ood degrading fungi (�ano��r�a spp�, �r�illaria spp�, S�hi�ophyllu� �o��un�, Fo��s
�o��ntarius, La�tiporus sulphur�us, �r�t�s�h�aria ��usta and many ot�ers)� Acti�ities to undestand �armful
factors is only t�e first step to�ards de�eloping efficient met�ods for t�e preser�ation of urban trees and
forest �ealt� by in�ol�ing �olunteers and interested public� �oget�er �e �ork on preser�ing old decaying
trees, if t�ey neit�er pose a t�reat to t�e spread of �armful organisms nor pose a risk for �isitors, as t�ey
represent important �abitats of e�ol�ing sapro�ylic organisms�
O������ �������������
1�2
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
B������������� ������ �� �������� ����� ����� ��������
�atiana �A�ADAa, Filipa MA�Aa, Maria Filomena CAE�A��a and Ana �aula RAM��b
�n�������on� a����A - �aborat�rio de �atologia �egetal �er�ssimo de Almeida, �nstituto �uperior de Agronomia,
Uni�ersidade de �isboa � �ortugal� b�EAF � �ortugal
Con����� t�alada�isa�ulisboa�pt, pramos�isa�ulisboa�pt
����o���� �oo��rot �un�i� �un�tional ri�hn�ss� �ia�nosis� �i��rsity� tr�� ris� ass�ss��nt
�treet trees and safety are side-by-side ��en it comes to managing Urban Green �nfrastructures�
Basidiomycetes are kno�n for causing �ood decay, c�anging t�e mec�anical structure of �ood and increasing
t�e risk of failure of trees�
��is study aimed at making an in�entory of basidiomycetes detected during risk assessment inspections of
urban trees, carried out in �ortugal since 201�� ��e ob�ecti�e �as to understand t�e e�isting fungal
biodi�ersity and functional ric�ness of t�e main communities encountered (most representati�e genus)� ��en
possible, fruit bodies �ere collected and morp�ologically identified� in some cases, molecular identification
�as also performed to confirm t�e ta�a at t�e species le�el�
Up until no� 1�� basidiomes �ere sampled, among ��ic� �nonotus, Ganoderma and ��ellinus �ere t�e t�ree
most representati�e genus� ��e lo�est functional ric�ness (of t�o) belongs to t�e genus �nonotus despite
being t�e one �it� more basidiomes seen t�roug�out t�e study (24� of all obser�ations in se�en different
�osts)� ��e genus Ganoderma �as a functional ric�ness of t�ree (21� of t�e basidiomes), �it� G� australe
being t�e most common species�
��e �ig�est functional ric�ness (of si�) belonged to t�e ��ellinus genus (20� of t�e fruit bodies obser�ed),
�it� t�e follo�ing species identified� �� igniarius, �� pini, �� pomaceus, �� punctatus, �� torulosus and ��
tuberculosus� Furt�ermore, t�e species Abortiporus biennis, �erenniporia fra�inea and Rigidoporus ulmarius
�ere often found contrarily to ��at commonly used to be percei�ed� ��e last t�o species are commonly
misidentified due to morp�ological similarities� same �appens �it� A� biennis and Meripilus giganteus�
��e presence of fruit bodies of �ood-rotting basidiomycetes is an indicator of ad�ance �ood decay in standing
trees� ��e ability to reliably identify t�ese fungi can be an important tool for field diagnosis and tree �a�ard
assessment, besides being useful to support ecological studies in Urban Forest en�ironments�
C�����������
1��
Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF
2019
C�����������
�peakers or first aut�ors
Arnberger ���������������������������������� 21
Arpaci ���������������������������������������� ��
Balke ����������������������������������������� �4
Bauer ����������������������������������������� 19
Bernasconi �������������������������������� �4
Bet�mann ��������������������������������� ��
Boc ������������������������������������������ 124
Boris ������������������������������������������ ��
Buc� ���������������������������������������� 109
B�rloc�er����������������������������������� 24
Cameron ����������������������������������� ��
Campagnaro ���������������������������� 11�
Canon Bermude������������������������ ��
C�eng ���������������������������������������� ��
Conigliaro ���������������������������������� 22
De Fei�ter ���������������������������������� 9�
De Meo ����������������������������������� 120
Dingenda�l ������������������������������ 12�
Eder ������������������������������������������� 4�
Feder ����������������������������������������� ��
Gerstenberg ������������������������������ 4�
G�me�-Fabra �������������������������� 11�
Gusta�sson �������������������������������� 20
G�ckle ��������������������������������������� ��
�egetsc��eiler ������������������������� 4�
�ostnik �������������������������������������� 92
�u� ������������������������������������������� ��
�in �������������������������������������������� 12�
�ones ����������������������������������������� ��
�urc������������������������������������������ 1�1
�eil ������������������������������������ ��, 109
�ilpi ������������������������������� �4, 44, �1
�im, ��R� ����������������������������������� 4�
�im, ���� ����������������������������������� 49
�oni�nendi�k ������������������������������ ��
�rainer �������������������������������������� 4�
�ra�ter �stoi� ���������������������������� 9�
��asni�ka ���������������������������������� ��
�o�rberg ����������������������������������� 2�
Maia ���������������������������������������� 1�0
Meyer ��������������������������������������� ��
Mot�enbecker ��������������������������� 41
�ail �������������������������������������������� ��
�astran ������������������������������������� ��
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Ministry for En�ironment, Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort�
R�ine-�estfalia, Germany
German �port Uni�ersity Cologne
European Forest �nstitute (EF�) Bonn
R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity
City of Cologne
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Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts at G�ttingen, Germany
�oyota Deutsc�land
��eirad-Einkaufs-Genossensc�aft (�EG)
Federal Forest (Bundesforst)
German Federal En�ironmental Foundation (Deutsc�e Bundesstiftung Um�elt)
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