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Page 1: URBAN FORESTS: FULL OF ENERGY · Robert , uri BE, Dragan MAA, ina M, uka EE 92 . EFUF Urban Forests full of energy 2019 C E S Monika CE , Ea EDARC, arolina BA-UA, iotr , ataryna BARE-DR
Page 2: URBAN FORESTS: FULL OF ENERGY · Robert , uri BE, Dragan MAA, ina M, uka EE 92 . EFUF Urban Forests full of energy 2019 C E S Monika CE , Ea EDARC, arolina BA-UA, iotr , ataryna BARE-DR

URBAN FORESTS: FULL OF ENERGY

22nd European Forum on Urban Forestry (EFUF2019)

May 22-24, 2019 Cologne, Germany

Book of Abstracts

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Rik De �reese

TECHNICAL EDITORS

�t�iar Aguinaga Gil � Maria �c�lossmac�er

COVER DESIGN

�aura Rico Gil � Grap�ic Designer

ricog�laura�gmail�com

#EFUF2019 BLOG

efuf2019��ordpress�com

Page 3: URBAN FORESTS: FULL OF ENERGY · Robert , uri BE, Dragan MAA, ina M, uka EE 92 . EFUF Urban Forests full of energy 2019 C E S Monika CE , Ea EDARC, arolina BA-UA, iotr , ataryna BARE-DR

Cologne Green Belt� �ermann �c�iefer

WELCO�E

For o�er 20 years, t�e European Forum on Urban Forestry (EFUF) is a uni�ue meeting place for practitioners,

managers, planners, arc�itects, researc�ers, public aut�orities and policy makers to s�are interdisciplinary

e�perience and good practices �it�in t�e field of urban greening, urban forests and urban forestry�

Urban forests are �ibrant places for multifaceted recreational acti�ities, social gat�ering and mental

restoration, but also pro�ide biomass for an urban bioeconomy� �it� t�e aim of connecting science to

practice, t�e 22nd European Forum on Urban Forestry (EFUF 2019) e�plores in Cologne four ma�or urban

forestry t�emes t�roug� a combination of indoor talks, outdoor e�cursions and socialising acti�ities� ��ose

t�emes are� Th� H�althy For�st (sports, �ealt� and �ell-being), Th� Spiritual For�st (culture, religion and art),

Th� L�arnin� For�st (laboratories and education) and Th� �o���si�n�� For�st (go�ernance, management and

planning)�

��e �enue of t�is years� conference (t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne) is t�e perfect location to e�plore

energetic interactions of trees and �uman beings� Moreo�er, it is situated in t�e Cologne Green Belt (��nneren

und �u�eren Gr�ng�rtel�) and at �alking distance of t�e Cologne Forest �aboratory (��aldlabor�) ��ic� �as

been establis�ed in 2010�

��ese ingredients pro�ide t�e perfect mi� for t�e 2019 edition of t�e European Forum on Urban Forestry� �n

name of t�e organising institutions, t�e local organisation committee, t�e programme committee and t�e

international steering group for t�e European Forum on Urban Forestry, � in�ite you to e�c�ange kno�ledge

and to e�plore energetic interactions bet�een trees and �uman beings during our e�ent� �oget�er �e may

disco�er t�at urban forests are full of energy and energise people and e�perts�

�e �is� you a fruitful e�ent�

D� R�� D� V����� � �urop�an For�st �nstitut�

C���� D����� � �hair o� th� �F�F int�rnational st��rin� �roup

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

EFUF 2019

O��������� ������������

�� Ministry for En�ironment, Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort�

R�ine-�estfalia

�� German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

�� European Forest �nstitute (EF�) � Bonn �ffice

�� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity

�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts at G�ttingen (��A�), Germany

�� City of Cologne

��������� ���������

�� ���� D� G���� W����� �European Forest �nstitute Bonn, Germany

�� ���� D� C���� ������������ � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia, Canada

�� ���� D� F���� L������� � R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Germany

�� D� S����� T��� � German �port Uni�ersity Cologne, Germany

�� ���� D� L���� T�������� � �U�E, Finland

�� D� B����� W����B�������� � Urban Green �olylogue, ��it�erland

�� D� ������� B���� � �ffice for �andscape Management and Green Areas, City �f Cologne, Germany

�� D� ������ ���������� � Ministry For En�ironment, Agriculture, �ature And Consumer �rotection of t�e

Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estfalia, Germany

�� C���� D����� � European Forum �n Urban Forestry, U�

�� D� A����� V����� � �naga, ��ubl�ana, �lo�enia

�� D� S������� S��������� � �A��, G�ttingen, Germany

�� D� R�� D� V����� �European Forest �nstitute, Bonn, Germany

F�����������

�� �oyota Deutsc�land

�� ��eirad-Einkaufs-Genossensc�aft (�EG)

�� Federal Forest (Bundesforst)

�� German Federal En�ironmental Foundation (Deutsc�e Bundesstiftung Um�elt)

�F�F���� is �a�ilitat�� �y th� �����rs o� th� �nt�rnational St��rin� �o��itt�� o� th� �urop�an Foru� on

�r�an For�stry� �F�F���� is an �� �r��n ���� �artn�r ���nt�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

CONTENTS

��������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9

V���� ��� E�������� S���� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1�

������� T���� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1�

T�� C������ ������ ��� ����� ������ �oac�im BAUER ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19

L�������� ��� ������ ������������ Roland GU��A����� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20

L������ ����� ������� ���������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ����� ����� � ����� �������� Arne AR�BERGER ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21

O������� �� ��� ��������� �� ��� 1�� W���� F���� �� U���� F������� Mic�ela C���G��AR�, �imone B�RE��� and Fabio �A�B��A�� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22

I����������� �� W�������� ���� � ����������� ��� ��� ������ �� ����� ������� Frank ���RBERG �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22

U���� F������� N��������� �� E����� Bianca B�R��C�ER ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24

C���������� ������������ ���������: A� ����� ����� ������ ����������� �orien �E�B���, Cecil ������E�D���, Mic�ael ME���ER, Cynt�ia G�R���G and �tep�en ��E��ARD ����������������������� 2�

S������ T��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2�

������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2�

A��������

S������ 1�1 � T�� H������ F����� � �ports ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �1

A������ ��� S����������: � ����������� ���� ����� �������� �� ���������� ��������������� ��������� �� ����������� �� ��� ����� �������� ������ � A ������������� ����� �����

�erylee ����E�-A��EMA�� and �ud�ig A��CE ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

A �������� �� ��������� �������� �������� �� � ������� ����������� ��� �0 ������� � ��� ������ �0 ���� �� B������ F�������

�atriina �����, �ien CR�M���U�, �aren �ER���F� �ER���F�, Myriam DE B�E and Bert DE ��M��E�E ���������������� �4

������� � � ������� ��� ��������� ��� ��� ����� ������� �erys ���E� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

�������� ������ �� ����� ���������� � ���������� �� ������������ ����� ��������� �������� ����� ���������� ����������� ������� �GIS�

�om �E�D�ER and �tefan ��EBER� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��

R����������� T���� N������� ��� �TB ��� S����� U�� �� � T��� ��� U���� F����� ���������� �om�� ��A�����A, �ai ��EBDRA�� and Ale�ander AR�AC� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

S������ 1�2 � T�� H������ ������ � �ealt� � �ell-being ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �9

I�������� H������: W�� C����� S����� I���������� F����� T������ � B�������� D����� I��� ��� U���� F����� Da�id M���E�BEC�ER ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41

F����� S����� ������� �� ��������� E������� ����������� ���� ������� ����� ��������� �������� �������� ��� ������

����������� �o �A�ER�, �oe �����E� and �ynne B�DD� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 42

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

G���� C��� FOREST

Fran�iska �RA��ER ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4�

N����� ���������� �� B������� ����� ������� ��� ����� ������ ��� ���������� �itali�a �����A����E �E�R� and �atriina ����� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 44

I���������� �������� ������ ��������������� ���� �������������� ������ ���������� � � ��� �������� �essa �EGE��C��E��ER, C�ristop� F��C�ER and Marcel �U����ER ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4�

S������ ��������� �� ����� ���������: L������ ��������� �������� �� ���������� ��� ���������������� ��������������� �� ������� ��������������

�ina GER��E�BERG, C�ristop� F� BAUME���ER, Ulric� �C�RAM� and �obias ���E���GER �������������������������������������� 4�

A S���� �� ��� I��������� �� A������ �� U���� F����� �� ����� �������� �yung-Rae ��M, �ae-�ee ��M, �eong-�ak �� and �oung-�i �A� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4�

I����� �� �������� W���� �� ���� � ����� �� ������ ��������� ������ � ��������� ������ ���� �������� Renate EDER, Brigitte A��E�, �amara �C��AGBAUER, �ans-�eter �U��ER, �isbet� �E��E��FE�DER, �at�rin

�EMMERER, ��ifra ��A�RA�� �A�A��, �eter �A���ER, Claudia �C�M�GER, �eter �A���ER, �illy DAMM and Arne

AR�BERGER���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4�

E����� �� U���� ������ L�������� ���������� �� ����������� ���������� �� S���� �������� �ae-�ee ��M, �yung-Rae ��M and �eong-�ak �� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 49

S������ 2 � T�� S�������� F����� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �1

N�� ����� ������� ��� ������� � ��������� ��� ��������� ������� �� ����� �������� ��� ��� ������ ���� �� ���������� ������ �������������� ��������

Alan ��M��� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

F������ F������: B������ ������� ��� ������ Andreas BER�A�C��� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �4

T�� S�������� U���� F����� � � ������� �� ������������ Cecil ������E�D������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

C��������� ���� ����������� ����� ������ �� ������������ ����� ������� Romena �U� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

�C��� ���� � ���� ���� ��� E�������� ������� ������� ������ ���������� ��� ��������� � � ����������� ����� �� ����� ���������� �� �����������

�ibylle R��� and Andy �E��ER ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

�B���� ������� � ����������� ��������� ��� ��������� ���������� �� � ���� �� ��� ����� �tep�anie BE��MA�� and E�a B�A��E ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

B������� ������� ���������� �� ������ �� C���� �������� ������� R������ �������� Ana ���A and �ladimir B�C���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �9

S����� R������ ������ �� L��������: R�������� �������� �������� �atalin �UBA and Ge�a �E�EME� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �0

F����� �������� ������������ ��� ������ ���������� �� ����� ������� ��������� �� B������ ������ �������� �itali�a �����A����E �E�R� and �atriina ����� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �1

S������ ��1 � T�� L������� F����� � Forest �aboratories ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

W������� � U���� ������� �� ��������� ���� ��� ������������ ������ ������ �ulia G�C��E ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

W������������� �������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ��� �������� ������ ���������� �oost ME�ER ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

D������ T����������: W������� ���� ����� A������ S������� ���� Robin ����GR��D ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

E������������ ���� ���������� ��� �������������� �� ��� A����� L�������� L���������

�tefan Darlan B�R�� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

S������ ��2 � T�� L������� F����� � En�ironmental Education ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �1

E������������ ��������� �� ����� ��������� �� ��� R��� ���� �������� �erena ��E�U��, �atrin �C��E�DER, Corinne BUC� and �eter �E�� �������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

A���� ��� ������� �� � �������������� ���������� ������ �� �������������� �� ��� ����� ����� �� ����� ���� �li�er BA��E ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �4

G���� L������� E����������� � T������ ���� ���� �������� �������� ��� ���������� �������� �� ��� �������

����������� ��� �������� ���� ������� ����������� ����� Ur�a ����AR, �efton B����, Alyson B����R��D, �ien CR�M���U�, �an ��BE�, Gudrun DE GRAU�E, Rik DE

�REE�E, �aleri�a E� �ABA���, �atali�a G��RE�, E�eline �E��DR�C��, �ika ���ME��, �ynne �EDGARD, �esna

M�RE, �aul ���A�, �ristien ��M�, �o�ica �E����, Gregor ��D���, �o �A�ER�, Mar�eta �M�D, �erry ���G, �eerle

C�AE��, �an �ER�A�ER� and �ef DE �R�E ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

V������� ����� ������ �� ���� �� ��������� ������� �� S�������� ������������� Mo�ca �A��RA� and Ale� G���B ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��

A �C�������� C������� �� ������� ������ ��� ����� �������� � C������� ���������� �� �������� ��� ������ �������� �� ������� ������ ��� ����� �������� ������ �� ��� ������������������� ����� �����

��ao�ua C�E�G, �tep�en ��E��ARD, Deepti Mat�e� ���E, Doris �U�, �ennifer RE�D, �ueyao ��A�G, �op�ia �A�G,

Malinda �A��A�AMGE, �iana G�A��, Amy ��M and Ayan �A��A� AMA� �������������������������������������������������������������� ��

E������������ ��������� ��� ������������� ���������� �� ���������� ����� �yl�ie �A�� and Barry MCG���GA� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

S������� ��1� � ��1� � T�� C��D������� F����� � Go�ernance ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �1

R����������� �F����� C���� � ��������� �����: C��D����� � I��������� ����� ������ A�� ��� C�������� ������������ Caitlin CAMER�� and �eff �AR���G ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

U���� ����� ����� ��������� ������ �������� ����� ����� ������: A ���������� ��������� ��� ���� ������� �� C���� Dan �E, �u�uan ��U, Cecil ������E�D��� and �in�ing BA� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �4

B������� B������ �� U����������� ��� �������� ��������� ������� ��� ����� ���������� ��� ����� ������ Maria �aula Canon BERMUDE�, Marianne Egeborg A�B�GE, Emma ��BE, ��isttmann ��RGE��E�, �ise

���E���EE�, �ulie ��E��E�, �te�en ���G� and ��ra ��MB�R ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��

����������� ��� �����: A� E���������� �� I�������� I���������� �� ��� C��������� F����� S����� �ara� FEDER, Elena G�rri� M�F�UD and Mireia �ecurul B����E� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

A������� ��� U���� F����� Anna ��E�D�E ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��

G��������� �� ��� ����� ������ �� ���������� A��������: ���� ����� ���������� �� ������������ ������ Camilo �RD��E�, �tep�en ���E��E�, Da�e �E�DA� and Carag� ��RE�FA�� ����������������������������������������������������������� ��

��������� ������� ���������� �� GI ��� ����� �������� � ������������� ��� ���������� �������� �� NRW �an ����E�EAD ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �9

B������ ��� �������� ��� U���� G���� � A ����������� ���� ����� �� V����� ��� ������ �ena �U�DER��� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 90

C������� �� ��T��� E�������� U���� F����� ���������� T������: T������ ��T��� ������� ���� C�������A������� ��������� �������� ���������� ���������� ��� ������� ��� S���� U���� F�����

�aomi ��RC�ER ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 91

������������� ���������� ���������� �� ����� ��� ���������� ������� �� ��� D����� ������ �URB���DAN �������� Robert �������, �uri� ��BE, Dragan MA���A���, �ina ��M�����, �uka �E�E� ���������������������������������������������������������� 92

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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C�������� ���������� ��� ������ ����������� �� ����� �������� E�������� S������� � ���� ����� �� ������ ���� � ��� ����� ����� �� ������� ������

Monika ���C�E� , E�a ��ED�ARC���, �arolina ���BA-�U�A���, �iotr �����, �atar�yna BA��RE�-��DR�� and

�inga ��ER��E� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9�

D���� C��� T����: E������� ��������� �� R���� D���� C����� ��� ����� I����� �� ��� R������� A����� ��� U���� F�������

Ren� �A� DER �E�DE ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 94

W������ ��������: E���������� ���� �� ����������������� ����� ������ �������� ������� �� B������� I���� �������� Andre� ��EA�, �ilary �����, �tefan �ERBE, Dorot�y ����, �usanne E��E� and �eonardo M���AG�A�� ������������� 9�

E��������� ����������� ��� ������� �������� ��������� �������� �� ����� ����� ������������� � ���� ����� ���� �� ������� C������ ��������

�il�i�a �RA��ER ������, Martina �����, Ana Mari�a MAR�� and Di�ana �U�E��� ������������������������������������������������������ 9�

S������ ����� ��� ������� ������� E�������� ����� �� ������� ����� ������ ���������� ���� E����� ��� C����� ��������

�op�ie ������A���� and �adine GA��E ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9�

S���� U���� F����� �������� �illem DE FE���ER and Mark B�DE ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9�

S������ ��2 � T�� C���������� F����� � Management ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 101

S������� ������ ������� ��� ������������� �� ��T��� ������� ��� ������������� ��� ��������� �������� �� ������� ��� ���������� ����� �����

Ee�a-Maria �U��A�E�, Miia M�����R�, �nkeri �A��, Anu R�����E�, Ariele C����, �eena ���DE�, Aki M�������,

Minna �ER��, �u�a RA����, Mari �A����, �eli �U�R��AM�� and �imo ����� �������������������������������������������������������� 10�

T�� ���� �� �������� ���������� �� ����������� ��� ����� ������ �� H������� C����� �essica �U����� and �eter DU���ER���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 104

������ ���������� ��������� �������� ������� � � GIS������ �������� �� C�������� U���� F������ �ule ��E�MA� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10�

LIFE URBANGREEN � �� ���������� ������������� �������� �� ������� ���������� �� ����� ����� ��� ������ ������� ����������

�iotr �E���, �aolo ����A��C, �atar�yna BA��RE�-��DR��, Alessio F����, Francesco FERR��� and �inga ��ER��E�

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10�

W�������� ������� ����������� ��� ��������� ������ �� ������������ �L�������� ���� ������ Remigi�us �A��AU��A� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10�

C�������������� ��� ������� �� ����� ����������� ������ �� L���H�� ������ ����� �� S������� �������� �������� C�ang ��A�G, �an�ong ��U and C�eng �A�G ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10�

I��������� F����� ������� � A ��������� ����� 2� ����� �� ������������ ���������� �������� �� ���������� ����������� ��������

Corinne BUC�, �eter �E��, �li�er BA��E, �tefanie �E���E, �ngo �E��E�, Bertram �EDER, �obias �C����, ��omas

�C�M���, Annette �C�U��E and �enning ���� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 109

C����� ��������� �� ���� ���� ���������� ����� �D L�DAR ����� ������ ��� ��� ������ �� ��������� �������� �������� �� ����� �� R�������� ������ ��������

�iotr �����, �arolina ���BA-�U�A���, �a�e� �A�R���, �iotr MA�C�A�, �r�ys�tof M�C��A and �atryc�a

�R�E����A������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 110

T���������� ���������� �� ����� �����: ��������� ��� ������� ������ �� ������������� ��� ������� �� � ������ ����

����� �������� Rocco �ACE� Francesco DE F���, Mo�ammad A� RA�MA�, �tep�an �AU�E��, Da�id ���A� and R�diger GR��E

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 111

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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A��������� �� ����� ������ ������������ ��������� �������� ��� �� ������� �������� ����� ������ �� ��� C��� �� L�������� ��������

Ur�a ����AR and Erika ���AMER��� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 112

U���� T����� �������� ������ ��� A��������� E�������������E������� B������� � D������ I������ �ine ���GA� and Gerald M���� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11�

S������ ��� � T�� C���������� F����� � �lanning ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11�

N����� B���� �������� ����� �� ��� B�������� ������������ ���� Annalisa G��C���, �acob C�RERA, Eug�nia ��DA�, �eresa G�ME�-FABRA, Raimon R�DA, �aura C�D, Ana R�MER�,

�a�ier �R��G��A, �atricia GARC�A, Elena ARGE��C� and Antoni FARRER� ������������������������������������������������������������� 11�

W��� ��������� ������ I������ ������: ����� ��������� ���� �� ����� ������������ Gio�anni �RE��A����, ��omas CAM�AG�AR�, �aolo �EME��A�� and �ommaso �����A ���������������������������������� 11�

T� ���� ����� ��� ���� �� WILD: ��� G��������� �������� G���� �B������� G�i� ��EGE�, Miguel BER�E���� and Mieke �C�AU���EGE ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 119

C�������� ������ �������� ��� ��������� �������� ���������: ��� ���������� �� ����� ������� ���������� ������ �I�����

�sabella DE ME� and Alessandro �A�E��� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 120

T�� L�������� G���� N������: � ��� ���� ��� �������� �� L������� �uisa �EDRA����� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 121

O��������� ��������� �������� ��������� ����� �������� ���� ������� ��� ���� ����� ������ Mo�ammad A RA�MA�, Astrid M��ER-RE��C��, ��omas R���ER and �tep�an �AU�E�� ������������������������������������ 122

T�� ��������������� �������� �� ����� ���������� ������ ��� ���� ����� ������� �� ���� ������� ������� C���� �������� �iali ���, C�eng �A�G and Bao�uan ��A ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 12�

R������������ �� E��������� L�������� �� B��������: ��� S���������� G���� A���� �� ��� ���������� ������ ��������

�ladimir B�C, Robert ���E�CU, �uciana �ECA and Ana ���A ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 124

B���A����: O����������� �� ���������� �������� �� ����� ������� �� ���������� ���� ��� ���������� �� �������� ��������������� �� ������ �� ���������� ������ ��� ���������� �� ������� ������

�ebastian �C�U��, �ulia D��GE�DA�� and �orbert B���E� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12�

O������ ������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12�

A������� T��� A��������� �teffen RU�� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 129

C��������� �� ��� ������� �� ������ ��� �������� �� ��� ����� � � ���� �� ����� ��� �������� ����� �teffen RU�� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 129

U�� �� VTA �� C������ F�������� �������� ��� T���� ����� �� ���������� ������ �������� Filipa MA�A, �atiana �A�ADA, Bruno FERRE�RA, Marta R�C�A, Maria Filomena CAE�A�� and Ana �aula RAM��

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1�0

L���T���L�� �� �������� ��� ������� ��������� �� ���� ������ �� L�������� ���� �������� Ma�a �URC and Mi�aela ��U�� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1�1

B������������� ������ �� �������� ����� ����� �������� �atiana �A�ADA, Filipa MA�A, Maria Filomena CAE�A�� and Ana �aula RAM�� �������������������������������������������������� 1�2

C����������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1��

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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��������� T������� 21 ���

1��00 � 20�00 � I���������� �ocation� �rauhaus ������n, Friesenstra�e �4-��, �0��0 ��ln

W��������� 22 ���

0���0 � 09��0 � R�����������, �ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

O�ENING SESSION � Moderator� �rof Dr Georg ����E� (European Forest �nstitute, EF�)

�ocation� �ecture �all 2 (��rsaal 2)

09��0 - 09�4� � O�ENING by �rof Dr Georg ����E� (EF�), Mrs� Renate ����� (Ministry for En�ironment,

Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia) and Ms

�erys ���E� (�nternational �teering Group EFUF)

09�4� � 10��0 � WORDS OF WELCO�E

�� Mr �ubert �A��ER (Director-General of Forestry, �ature Conser�ation, Ministry for En�ironment, Agriculture,

�ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia)

�� Mrs� �enriette RE�ER (�ord Mayor of Cologne)

�� �rof Dr �eiko ��R�DER (Rector of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)

10��0 � 11�00 � �EYNOTE

�� Dr �oac�im BAUER (Deputy �ead of t�e �ffice for �andscape Management and Green Areas of t�e City of

Cologne) � �r�an ����lop��nt �olo�n� � Histori�al ����lop��nt o� th� �r��n ��lt

11�00 � 11��0 � COFFEE BREA�

�ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

11��0 � 12�4� � �EYNOTES �����������

�� �rof Dr Roland GU��A����� (��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences) � Lan�s�ap� an� �or�st

la�oratori�s

�� �rof Dr Arne AR�BERGER (Uni�ersity of �atural Resources and �ife �ciences, Austria) - Lin�in� ur�an

out�oor r��r�ation �ith h�alth ��n��its on a �ity s�al� l���l � a �irst approa�h

�� Mrs� Mic�ela C���G��AR� (Food and Agriculture �rganisation of t�e United �ations) et al� - �ut�o��s o�

an� �ollo��up to th� �st �orl� Foru� on �r�an For�stry ��anto�a� �o�����r �����

12�4� � 14�00 � LUNCH

�ocation� Mensa (Canteen) of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

14�00 � 1���0 � E�CURSIONS �� ��� Cologn� ����n ��l�

Departure point� in front of t�e �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

19�00 � 21�00 � BUSINESS �EETING �� ��� EFUF I������������ S������� G���� (on in�itation only)

�ocation� �nstitutsgeb�ude � (�G �, Building �), Room 114 (first floor))

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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T�������� 2� ���

0��1� � 10��0 � �LENARY SESSION � Moderator� �rof Dr Cecil ������E�D��� (Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia,

Canada)

�ocation� �ecture �all 2 (��rsaal 2)

�� �rof Dr Frank ���RBERG (R��� Aac�en, Germany) � �ntro�u�tion to �al�la�or

�� Dr Bianca B�R��C�ER (Urban Green �olylogue, ��it�erland) � �r�an For�stry �arrati��s in �urop�

�� Dr �orien �E�B��� (Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia, Canada) � �o��r�atin� natur���as�� solutions

�� 10�00 � 10��0 � �OSTER SESSION � L�������� ������ get a snaps�ot of t�e posters at display in one-

minute teaser talks by t�e poster aut�ors

Th� post�rs ar� on �isplay in th� lo��y �ro� ���n�s�ay ����� until Fri�ay �����

10��0 � 11�00 � COFFEE BREA�

�ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

11�00 � 12�4� � �ARALLEL SESSIONS

�� SESSION 1�1 � S����� ��� �������

�ession C�air� Dr �tefan ��R� (German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)

�ocation� �eminar Room �0

�� SESSION 2 � S�������� F������

�ession C�air� �rof Dr �aolo �EME��A�� (Uni�ersity of �adua, �taly)

�ocation� �eminar Room �1

�� SESSION ��1 � L������� F����� � F����� L�����������

�ession C�air� �rof Dr Frank ���RBERG (R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Germany)

�ocation� �eminar Room �2

�� SESSION ��1� � C��D�����: G��������� �I�

�ession C�air� �aomi ��RC�ER (Aerbor Aegis, ��it�erland)

�ocation� �eminar Room ��

�� SESSION ��� � O������ �������������

�ession C�air� �rof Dr �teffen RU�� (Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts, G�ttingen, Germany)

�ocation� to be decided

�� ���� �����on � A ����� �� � ������� � �o� can cities retain e�isting trees and plant more trees on

pri�ate lands� � Con�enor� Dr Camilo �RD��E� (Uni�ersity of Melbourne, Australia)

�ocation� D���, �nstitutsgeb�ude � (�G �, Building �), Room 114 (first floor)

12�4� � 14�00 � LUNCH

�ocation� Mensa (Canteen) of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

14�00 � 1���0 � AFTERNOON �ROGRA��E

Meeting point � bus pickup� �arking �a�n�iese, �unkersdorfer �trasse (in front of Building �G �)

�� 14�00 � 1��00 � �ransport to t�e e�cursion �enue by bus

�� 1��00 � 1��00 � �arallel e�ents

�� E�cursion � �ature reser�e �ahn�r H�i�� and �ut L�i��nhaus�n

�� SESSION �� 2 � T�� L������� F����� � E������������ E�������� (�ut L�i��nhaus�n)

�ession C�airs� Dr �tefanie ��E��EBAC� (Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts, G�ttingen,

Germany) � Anna C��ER (�ffice for �andscape Management and Green Areas, City of Cologne)

�� Forest Minded �orks�op at �ut L�i��nhaus�n �it� �atriina ����� (ForestMinded, Belgium �

Finland)

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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19��0 � 2��00 � EVENING �ROGRA��E

�� �ocial Dinner at �ut L�i��nhaus�n (registration re�uired), return transport by bus to city centre and

German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

F������ 2� ���

0���0 � 11�00 � �ARALLEL SESSIONS

�� SESSION 1�2 � H����� ��� ����������

�ession C�air� Dr �tefan ��R� (German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)

�ocation� �eminar Room �0

�� SESSION ��1� � C��D�����: G��������� �II�

�ession C�air� �an ����E�EAD (R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Germany)

�ocation� �eminar Room �1

�� SESSION ��2 � C��D�����: ����������

�ession C�air� �o�n �AR�ER (�ransport for �ondon)

�ocation� �eminar Room �2

�� SESSION ��� � C��D�����: ��������

�ession C�air� Dr Andreas BER�A�C��� (�an Bern)

�ocation� �eminar Room ��

11�00 � 11��0 � COFFEE BREA�

�ocation� �obby German �port Uni�ersity Cologne)

11��0 � 12�4� � CLOSURE �� EFUF 2019 � moderator� Mrs� Renate ����� (Ministry for En�ironment,

Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia)

�ocation� �ecture �all 2 (��rsaal 2)

�� Concluding remarks by Cli�e DA��E� (C�air EFUF �nternational �teering Group)

�� Feedback from t�e EFUF �nternational �teering Group (Cli�e DA��E�)

�� �ntroduction to EFUF2020 (�rof Alan ��M���)

�� �oung Urban Forester of t�e �ear A�ard (�UFA) (Cli�e DA��E�)

�� �ntroduction to t�e �al�la�or e�cursion (�rof Frank ��R�BERG, R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity)

12�4� � 14�00 � LUNCH

�ocation� Mensa (Canteen) of t�e German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

14�00 � 1��00 � E�CURSIONS �� ��� ��l�l��o� ��ln

Departure point� in front of t�e �obby

��ematic focus� �resentation of t�e results of t�e student forest �orks�op and discussion on �o� to make

t�e urban forest a public space�

1��00 � 19�00 � EVENING �ROGRA��E

Concluding snack at t�e �aldlabor (�oint e�ent �it� t�e �tudent �aldlabor �orks�op participants)

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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S�������� 2� ��� � �����C��������� E�������� D����������

0���0 Bus lea�es from German �port Uni�ersity Cologne (�arking �a�n�iese)

09��0 �isit to EF� Bonn (�it� coffee and croissant)

10�1� Bus lea�es from EF� to ��nings�inter

11�1� Arri�al at Drac�enfels (�ttp�������der-drac�enfels�de�)

12��0 �alk to t�e Museum

1��00 �isit to t�e German Museum for �ature Conser�ation �istory (��uts�h�s �us�u� ��r

�aturs�hut���s�hi�ht�)

1��1� Bus lea�es to Cologne-Bonn airport and ��ln

1���� Arri�al in Cologne-Bonn airport (CG�)

1��1� Arri�al at Cologne Central station (��ln �bf)

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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V���� ��� E�������� S���� T�� G����� S���� U��������� C������ �osts t�e 22nd European Forum on Urban Forestry� �eynotes, plenary

sessions and most parallel sessions �ill be �eld �it�in t�e uni�ersity premises, ��ile e�cursions �ill take place

in t�e surrounding areas of Cologne� Field trips include guided �isits t�roug�� t�e Cologne �uter Green Belt,

t�e �aldlabor ��ln (Forest �aboratory of Cologne), t�e �a�ner �eide �ature Reser�e and t�e Gut

�eiden�ausen �istorical manor�

C������ O���� G���� B���

Cologne Green Belt� City of Cologne

Mi�ed deciduous forests, meado�s and ponds

c�aracterise Cologne�s largest recreation area,

��ic� �as been created in t�e last 100 years� �oday

it is an outstanding e�ample of t�e implementation

of a co�erent green system in urban space�

Cologne�s urban planning situation up to t�e

beginning of t�e 1920s �as s�aped by t�e fortress

conditions of t�e city� ��e outer fortress area

enclosed t�e left and rig�t bank of t�e R�ine, and

it needed to be destroyed according to t�e �reaty

of �ersailles� After t�e abolition of t�e fortress, t�e

Federal C�ancellor �onrad Adenauer (Cologne�s

�ord Mayor bet�een 191� � 19��) decided to

de�elop of an urban green system instead of t�e

establis�ment of culti�ars� Frit� �c�umac�er,

Director of Construction of t�e City of �amburg,

planned a radial green system t�at surrounded t�e

city and �as connected to t�e city centre by green

corridors in order to create a �entilation system�

��e con�ersion of t�e fortress belt into a green belt

�as essentially carried out in t�o construction

p�ases as part of emergency �ork �it� t�e

unemployed bet�een 1919 and 1929� ��e site �as

di�ided into different �ones� an allotment garden

�one ad�oined to t�e city�s buildings, a �one of

playgrounds and sports facilities follo�ed by a

military ring road ��ic� merges into a free

afforested green area� ��e fact t�at t�e green belt

�as laid out on t�e former fortress site and t�at

some of t�e design of t�e fortifications could be

integrated is of importance in terms of �eritage

conser�ation��

��ile forests �ere sacrificed for urban

de�elopment purposes in ot�er cities after t�e

�econd �orld �ar, Cologne took t�e opposite

pat� in its green policy� �n t�e mid-19�0s, t�e city

began a ma�or reforestation programme (grap�

belo�)� ��e �uter Green Belt �as e�panded by

afforesting agricultural lands and creating t�e

Forest Botanical Garden� Forests �ere establis�ed

ne�t to industrial plants and along motor�ays to

protect against �isual disturbance and air pollution,

and �ater protection forests �ere establis�ed�

�oday, �it� a forest area of 4�000 �a, Cologne is

one of t�e largest municipal forest o�ners in �ort�

R�ine-�estp�alia (see Fact Bo� p�1�)�

0

1000

2000

�000

4000

�000

19�� 19�� 19�0 1992 200� 2014

Y���

D���������� �� ��� ������ ���� ����� �� ��� C��� �� C������ ������ R����E�������

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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W�������� ���� � F����� L��������� ��

C������

�n 2010, along a stretc� of t�e Cologne Green Belt,

t�e City of Cologne and its sponsors installed t�e

�aldlabor ��ln (Forest �aboratory of Cologne) to

test out inno�ati�e forms of urban forestry in t�e

face of climate c�ange and c�anging society,

greatly inspired by t�e landscape laboratory in

Alnarp, ��eden� �t is di�ided in four ma�or �ones�

t�e Energy Forest, t�e �eople�s Forest, t�e Climate

C�ange Forest and t�e �ilderness Forest�

For t�e moment, t�e Energy Forest is t�e most

operational �one of t�e �aldlabor� �t is a full scale

e�periment ��ere energy production is part of t�e

recreational landscape� Fast gro�ing species are

pruned, cut and trimmed into temporary forest

spaces resulting in dynamic and dramatic designs�

��e area �as a rotation cycle of t�o to fi�e years

and t�us c�anges tend to �appen �uickly� sculpted

landscapes and pat�s disappear �it� �ar�ests�

��roug� cooperation �it� R��� Uni�ersity of

Aac�en, researc�ers e�plore not only t�e spatial

�ualities, but also �o� to best communicate �it�

t�e public regarding e�perimentation, process and

outcomes�

�aldlabor ��ln 201�� City of Cologne

��e ot�er �ones of t�e �aldlabor de�elop o�er a

longer time span� ��e �eople�s Forest aims to

introduce e�perimental compositions to create

ne� e�periences in an urban forest open to

e�eryone� �pecific seasonal �ualities and

de�elopment stages are under scrutiny, and t�e

attention of t�e public is dra�n to e�periencing

aest�etic aspects suc� as blossom, fall foliage and

leaf s�apes� ��e trees �a�e been sponsored

indi�idually by local citi�ens�

��e Climate C�ange Forest allo�s t�e study of

droug�t resistant species� �n t�e face of global

�arming and t�e e�pectation of droug�t

conditions, t�is �one mimics Cologne�s urban

en�ironment to allo� t�e e�aluation of site-

specific species for future use�

��e �ilderness Forest is a control �one �it� no

�uman influence� �ere, one can learn about �o�

unstaffed and unmaintained urban forests

de�elop� ��is process s�o�s t�e effects of

absentee management, but also �ig�lig�ts t�e

�ualities of �ilderness�

��e �aldlabor �osts �orks�ops ��ere students

are allo�ed to camp on site and inter�ene �it� t�e

management of t�e area� As suc�, parallel to and

in cooperation �it� EFUF 2019, t�e �nstitute of

�andscape Arc�itecture (R��� Aac�en) de�elops a

�ands-in �nternational �aldlabor �tudent

�orks�op to learn about t�e e�perimental

c�aracter of t�e site

W����� H���� N����� R������ ��� G��

L����������� ���������� �����

�oget�er, ��nigsforst and �a�ner �eide nature

reser�es constitute one of t�e biggest natural

conser�ation areas of European importance in

�ort� R�ine-�estp�alia (�A�URA 2000 area)� ��e

large, co�erent natural area is a substantial

recreation area in t�e Cologne�Bonn region, ��ic�

accommodates nearly 1�� million in�abitants�

��e �a�ner �eide is a 4000 �ectare large nature

reser�e and t�e second-largest of its kind in �ort�

R�ine-�estp�alia, a German federal state� �t is

co�ered by �arious types of �egetation, mostly by

deciduous forest but also by grasses on open �eat�

s�uares� As �ig� as its �ariety in soil types is also its

biodi�ersity, it is considered one of t�e most

species-ric� ones in t�e ��ole country� For

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instance, t�ere are gi�en more t�an �00 species

endangered by e�tinction�

��e nort� is a former military training area, today

part of t�e �ational �atural �eritage of t�e Federal

Republic of Germany and o�ned by t�e Deutsc�e

Bundesstiftung Um�elt� ��e sout� of t�e �a�ner

�eide is still used as a military training area by t�e

Bundes�e�r� ��roug� military use and targeted

maintenance and conser�ation measures, special

biotopes t�at pro�ide �abitats for many

endangered animal and plant species �a�e been

de�eloped and preser�ed� First efforts to protect

t�e area date back to t�e 19t� century� ��e �ide

open spaces are kept open by goats, Glan cattle,

donkeys and �ater buffalos� ��e core �one in t�e

military training area must not be entered, in order

to ensure t�e military security restrictions ��ic�

also �elps to preser�e t�e nature and di�ersity of

�a�ner �eide�

�n order to manage t�e access to t�e area and to

inform �isitors about its e�traordinary �uality, four

�isitor centres �ere establis�ed in 2010 �it�in t�e

frame�ork of regional cooperation, namely� Gut

�eiden�ausen in ��ln-�or�� Burg �issem in

�roisdorf� �urm�of in R�srat�� and, Forst�aus

�tein�aus in Bergisc�-Gladbac�� Eac� of t�ese

centres �as its o�n e��ibition topic t�at co�ers

�aluable information about t�e multiple facets of

t�e natural reser�e�

Gut �eiden�ausen �as a strategical location rig�t at

t�e interface bet�een t�e urban area and t�e

natural en�ironment of t�e �a�ner �eide�

�riginating as a knig�ts� manor, t�e building �as

mentioned in 1�29 as t�e property of �ermann �on

Deut�, making it one of t�e oldest �eritage sites of

t�e to�n of Eil and t�us t�e city of Cologne� �t

constituted t�e administrati�e centre for t�e ��ole

region bet�een Bergisc� Gladbac� and �iegburg

until 1�0�� �t �as reno�ated in t�e 19t� century

and �as e�tended in t�e 1920s and 19�0s

according to t�e plans of �ud�ig �affendorf� �n

19��, t�e city of Cologne ac�uired t�e estate �it�

a total area si�e of 1�0 �ectares� ��e municipal

forestry commission office con�erted t�e

surrounding territory into an area designated for

public and ecological recreation� Among ot�ers,

particularly compelling attractions are bot� a

reser�e for red deer and �ild boars, and a nursing

�ard for o�ls and ot�er birds of prey�

Gut �eiden�ausen� R� �c�alle�n

�oday, t�e municipal estate is �ome to nature-

related associations t�at conduct common

en�ironmental education acti�ities� ��e barn and

stables �ere reconstructed into a multifunctional

conference room t�at ser�es to �ost nature-

related educational and cultural e�ents, as �ell as

local e��ibitions to inform �isitors about t�e

surrounding area� Gut �eiden�ausen also �osts t�e

�c�ut�gemeinsc�aft Deutsc�er �ald ��ln e���

(�D�) forest sc�ool, ��ic� is attended by more

t�an �000 c�ildren e�ery year� As suc�, Gut

�eiden�ausen �as been an en�ironmental

education centre for Cologne since 201��

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V���� ��� E�������� S����

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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THE FOREST OF THE CITY OF COLOGNE � FACT BO�

C���� ���� � ��12� ������� ����

�� Forest o�ners�ip City of Cologne� ����0 �a (��2�� �a �ooded)

�� Forest o�ners�ip R�einEnergie (municipal utility)� 4�� �a (��0 �a �ooded)

G���� �� ��� C������ ������������ F������� A�������������

�� Forest conser�ation and afforestation

�� De�elopment of a (near-)natural, stable forest t�roug� close-to-nature management according to t�e principles of t�e F�C� (certified since 2001) �it� special consideration of t�e recreational and protecti�e function�

�� Attracti�e offer of recreational facilities

�� Ac�ie�ement of cost reco�ery contributions t�roug� t�e marketing of �ood, etc�

H������ �� ������ ���������

�� Reforestation in t�e 20t� century (�uter Green Belt 1919 to 1929, post-�ar reforestation from 19�0)

�� �urc�ase of pri�ate forest �it� t�e aim of creating recreational and protecti�e forests in t�e city (�ater-, immission-, and noise protection)

T��� �������

�� Mi�ed �ard�ood stands ric� in species, ratio bet�een �ard�ood and coniferous �ood �0�20�

A�� ���������� ������ ������ ������� �������

�� �� � of t�e forest is younger t�an 90 years

�� �imber stock� 190 m���a

�� �ncrement� actual increment� �,9 m���a�year, a�erage increment� �,2 m���a

�� Actual timber �ar�est mainly t�inning ��000 -10�000 m��year (possible sustainable �ar�est� 4,4 m���a, 14�000 m��year)

F����� ���������� ��� ������ ������� 414 km borders along roads�rail�ays�buildings �a�e to be controlled e�ery year

W��������� ����� �20 �a (1�� natural forest de�elopment areas)

S������ ������ ����������

�� Forest botanical garden and �Friedens�ald�, �0 �a

�� Forest laboratory 2� �a (climate forest, energy forest, con�ertible forest, �ilderness forest)

�� �indent�al Animal park� fallo� deer, pet animals (goats, donkeys, �cottis� �ig�land cattle, s�eep, poultry)

�� Game �ark D�nn�ald� bison, fallo� deer, mouflon, �ild boar

�� �ildlife enclosure Br�ck� red deer, �ild boar

�� Recreation area Gut �eiden�ausen �it� game reser�e (red deer, �ild boar), large nature playground, a�enue of annual trees

�� Forest pedagogy� Forest sc�ool in accordance �it� �c�ut�gemeinsc�aft Deutsc�er �ald Cologne, mobile forest sc�ool in social �otspots (planned from 2019)�

F����� ���������� ������������

�� Forest management �ead office� 1 forestry officer,1 administrati�e officer

�� 1 forest engineer �it� focus on forest pedagogy

�� 2 forest districts (eac� about 2�000 �a) �it� 2 forest engineers, 2 forestry foremen (F�M)

�� Forest maintenance unit (1 forest engineer, 2 F�M, 2 tree inspectors, 14 forestry �orkers, 4 trainees, 2 �elte skidders) carries out forest �ork as a functional unit across all districts� �n addition, pri�ate forestry companies are used (use of logging �orses in t�e �Cologne logging procedure�, appro�� ��000 m��year)�

�� �taff for recreational facilities� 1 master gardener, � animal keepers, 2 gardeners, 1 forestry �orker, 1 carpenter

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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�������

T����

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

T�� C������ ������ ��� ����� ������

Dr-�ng �oac�im BAUER

�n�������on� �ffice for �andscape Management and Green �paces of t�e City of Cologne- Germany

��o��� �orn in ����� �r� �n�� �oa�hi� �au�r stu�i�� lan� �ana����nt at th� T� Hanno��r� Fro� ���� to���� h� �or���

as a t�a�h�r in �ar��nin� an� lan�s�apin�� �ollo��� �y a position as lan�s�ap� plann�r at �a��rs�hall� ��hr�r an� ��t�rs

in �onn �a���o��s��r� ������������ �urin� ��������� h� �or��� as a ��s�ar�h �sso�iat� at th� �nstitut� �or �r��n

�lannin� an� �ar��n �r�hit��tur�� �ni��rsity o� Hanno��r� Sin�� ����� h� is th� H�a� o� ��part��nt o� �r�an �r��n an�

For�st� an� sin�� ���� ��puty H�a� o� th� ���i�� �or Lan�s�ap� �ana����nt an� �r��n Spa��s o� th� �ity o� �olo�n��

Con����� �oac�im�bauer�stadt-koeln�de

����o���� �olo�n�� �r�an ����lop��nt� �r��n Syst��� For�st ����lop��nt

Cologne is a gro�ing city� ��e associated c�allenges are manifold and open up opportunities for green and

forest de�elopment in t�e big city as �ell as risks�

��e city of Cologne can look back on more t�an 2,000 years of �istory� ��e floor plan of t�e Roman city is

recogni�able in t�e city plan� �oday�s urban structure is essentially s�aped by modern times and is

representati�e of t�e European city� Cologne �as ne�er t�e seat of a secular ruler, palace gardens or similar

t�ere is t�erefore not� ��e city gro�t� of t�e �il�elminian era, and especially t�e fortification of t�e city by

t�e �russians at t�e end of t�e 19t� century, �a�e c�aracteri�ed t�e urban structure to t�is day�

��e foundation stone for today�s green system �as laid in t�e 1920s by t�e city builder Frit� �c�umac�er and

t�e �ord Mayor of Cologne, �onrad Adenauer� ��e formal design of t�e green system is based on t�e

contemporary urban planning ob�ecti�es of a radially structured city body� ��us, in t�e area of t�e inner

fastening ring, t�e inner green belt and in t�e area of t�e outer ring t�e outer forest and meado� belt �ere

created� For �c�umac�er, �o�e�er, t�e plan of radial green compounds �as also of great importance, so t�at

t�e city�ide green system recei�ed a ��eel-like basic structure�

Despite �c�umac�er�s basic frame�ork of t�e green system, it �as pro�ed to be particularly sustainable,

despite c�anging urban planning concepts� �it� t�is urban de�elopment and green planning continuity o�er

decades, Cologne stands out clearly from ot�er cities in German-speaking countries� ��e basic structure of t�e

green system, ��ic� can be traced back to t�e �istorical plans and concepts, �as remained t�e basis for urban

planning and green planning acti�ities to t�is day� ��e Cologne green system can t�erefore be described in its

s�ape and dimension as uni�ue in Europe� Current de�elopments build on t�is and de�elop t�e city-�ide green

system in terms of content and space�

Closely connected �it� t�e de�elopment of t�e urban green system is t�e de�elopment of t�e forest in

Cologne� ��e city of Cologne �ad until t�e end of t�e 19t� century initially no significant forest o�ners�ip� �t

�as not until about a �undred years ago, �it� t�e large-scale reforestation of agricultural land and e�tensi�e

forest purc�ases, t�at a forest-based de�elopment began, ��ic� is e�emplary for forest propagation in t�e

metropolitan area� �it� t�e e�pansion of t�e outer green belt in t�e 1920s, an e�tensi�e forest and meado�

belt �as created around t�e city, ��ic� �as supplemented by e�tensi�e plantations after t�e �econd �orld

�ar� �oday t�e forest co�ers a total of �,000 �ectares, of ��ic� 4,000 �ectares are o�ned by t�e city� �it�

t�e �Forest �aboratory Cologne� and t�e citi�en pro�ect �A forest for Cologne�, t�e forestry administration

faces t�e current c�allenges�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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L�������� ��� ������ ������������

�rof Dr Emeritus Roland GU��A�����

�n�������on� ��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences, Alnarp � ��eden

��o��� �ro� �r �olan� �usta�sson �o�pl�t�� in ���� his �ast�rs ���r�� in Lan�s�ap� �r�hit��tur� an� i����iat�ly too�

up a r�s�ar�h an� t�a�hin� position� ��t�r o�tainin� his �h��� in ����� as only th� s��on� lan�s�ap� ar�hit��t in S����n

�ith a �o�torat�� his a��ition �as to pion��r a �ri��� ��t���n a�a���ia an� pra�ti�� throu�h a position at th�

uni��rsity� �n ���� h� �as appoint�� �ro��ssor in �lantin� ��si�n an� Lan�s�ap� �ana����nt at th� ��part��nt o�

Lan�s�ap� �lannin� at th� S���ish �ni��rsity o� ��ri�ultural S�i�n��s �SL��� H� is a �����r o� th� �urop�an n�t�or�

�roup ��ris�ap�s� ��ployin� th� �lan�s�ap� a��assa�or� approa�h �as�� on ��al Li�� Stu�ios str�ssin� �o��uni�ati��

approa�h�s an� th� ���tin� o� �i���r�nt lan�s�ap� �o�p�t�n��s an� �ultur�s o� �urop�� �n ���� h� �as �u�st pro��ssor

at �hio Stat� �ni��rsity� �S��

Con����� Roland�Gusta�sson�slu�se

����o���� Lan�s�ap� La�oratory at SL���lnarp� Su��ari�in� Forty ��ars� �yna�i�s� ��sth�ti�s� ��si�n

��is presentation aims to bring attention to a book release, �it� t�e preliminary main title �Urban �oods�,

summari�ing ma�or concepts t�roug� t�e years and t�e e�perience of t�e first generation of �candina�ian

landscape laboratories, in ��ic� �oodlands �a�e been a central issue� �n particular t�e book brings attention

to ��e landscape laboratory at ��U-Alnarp� �e are many co-�riters, ��o �a�e been in�ol�ed, no� s�aring t�e

different c�apters� As t�e starter and coordinator during decades, and acti�ely in�ol�ed in se�eral pro�ects

t�at t�e book is based on, it is a pri�ilege to be part of t�e book �riting, including reflections of t�e forty years,

and many perspecti�es � �ouldn�t �a�e been capable to understand ��en � �as in t�e middle of it� Co�ering

a period of more t�an forty years makes it �uite uni�ue ��en considering t�e lengt� of one single ma�or

pro�ect� �t is also one of t�e rare European e�amples in ��ic� landscape arc�itects �a�e been �orking �ery

close to, and interacting, �it� foresters in an o�erlapping process� ��e �orld kno�s a lot of t�e contribution

of foresters and forest ecologists� �ere, �e �is� to bring attention to t�e landscape arc�itecture as a

profession and its contribution�

Being a landscape laboratory it reali�es a �is� for t�e landscape arc�itect profession to balance t�e �indoor

professionalism� and �conceptualism� by acting in an outdoor pedagogic, embodying kno�ledge,

conte�tuali�e it, elaborating in full-scale, identifying and testing ne� inno�ati�e prototypes of landscape and

�oodland elements and patterns similar to t�e car industry test-dri�ing ne� models� ��e landscape laboratory

is reali�ed in a close cooperation �it� foresters, ecologists, and also artists� ��e presentation �ill be �ery muc�

�ands on, talking about ��at s�ould �a�e a general interest, and at t�e same time letting t�e concrete

e�amples reali�ed out in t�e laboratory talk� �ome issues t�at �ill be �ig�lig�ted� forest and landscape

dynamics � dynamic attitudes, perceptions, engagement and t�e en�ironmental aest�etics, places and �alks,

t�e teen ager p�enomena, comple�ity ladders, and �oodland edges and �ydrology�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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L������ ����� ������� ���������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ����� �����

� ����� ��������

�rof Dr Arne AR�BERGER

�n�������on� �nstitute of �andscape De�elopment, Recreation and Conser�ation �lanning �ienna � Austria

��o��� �r �rn� �rn��r��r is �sso�iat� �ro��ssor at th� �nstitut� o� Lan�s�ap� ����lop��nt� ���r�ation an� �ons�r�ation

�lannin�� ��part��nt o� Spatial� Lan�s�ap� an� �n�rastru�tural S�i�n��s� �ni��rsity o� �atural ��sour��s an� Li��

S�i�n��s� �i�nna� �ustria ��������� H� is also �a�ulty �����r at th� ��st �ir�inia �ni��rsity�s ���r�ation� �ar�s� an�

Touris� ��sour��s �ro�ra�� H� is �hair o� th� �ustrian ���S�� �an � th� �iosph�r���o��itt��� �����r o� ���� ����

an� ���� T���S an� in�ol��� in th� �ustrian �o��uni�ation plat�or�s �For�st � Hu�an H�alth�� ��io�i��rsity an�

Hu�an H�alth� an� �For�st � Touris��� H� is �o��oun��r o� th� �on��r�n�� on �onitorin� an� �ana����nt o� �isitors

in ���r�ational an� �rot��t�� �r�as �http��������o�u�a��at��� His �urr�nt r�s�ar�h a�ti�iti�s �o�us on out�oor r��r�ation

an� �����ts o� natur� on hu�an h�alth�

Con����� arne�arnberger�boku�ac�at

����o���� �r��n Spa�� ����ss� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �ut�oor r��r�ation� �hysi�al ��ti�ity� �i�nna

Currently more t�an �alf of t�e �orld�s population li�e in cities, and t�is proportion is e�pected to increase�

City life c�allenges residents ��o suffer from p�ysical inacti�ity, obesity, mental fatigue, stress and a�erse

en�ironmental conditions suc� as air pollution and urban �eat� Green spaces are seen as nature-based

solutions, contributing to �uman �ealt� and �ell-being ��ile counteracting t�ese c�allenges� �utdoor

recreation in urban green spaces (UG�) is one of t�e key mec�anism for �uman �ealt� and �ell-being�

�o�e�er, t�e link bet�een urban outdoor recreation and �ealt� benefits on a city scale le�el is poorly

understood� City and green space planning need information about ��ic� green spaces of a city pro�ide t�e

most �ealt� benefits to urban society in total� Conse�uently, city and green space planning need information

on amount and intensity of recreation use, and �as to consider �isitor access to UG�� Unfortunately, t�ere is

a kno�ledge gap about t�e total amount of recreation use and p�ysical acti�ities per green space on an

aggregated le�el to identify t�e �ot spots of recreation use among t�e UG� net�ork� ��is presentation

compared se�eral green spaces in �ienna along a gradient from urban to suburban and used p�ysical acti�ity

as a key indicator for �ealt� benefits� ��ysical acti�ity �as e�pressed as total �isitor kilometers per green space

per year, including total �isitor kilometers for accessing t�e green space� ��e comparison found t�at green

spaces �ea�ily �ary in total �isitor kilometers per year, total �isitor kilometers in access, and t�e proportion

bet�een access kilometers and green space kilometers� Results s�o� t�at accessing green space by foot or

bicycle can be an important p�ysical acti�ity compared to t�e amount of �isitor acti�ities in t�e UG� itself�

�arger inner urban green spaces are �ot spots of recreation use and t�erefore potentially �ot spots for �ealt�

benefits� Recommendations for city and green space planning as �ell as recreation and �uman �ealt� researc�

�ill be pro�ided�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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O������� �� ��� ��������� �� ��� 1�� W���� F���� �� U���� F�������

Mic�ela C���G��AR�a, �imone B�RE���a and Fabio �A�B��A��b

�n�������on� aFood and Agriculture �rgani�ation, aUni�ersity of Florence � �taly

��o��� �rs �i�h�la �oni�liaro �or�s �or th� For�stry �oli�y an� ��sour��s �i�ision at th� Foo� an� ��ri�ultur�

�r�ani�ation o� th� �nit�� �ations on th� topi�s o� ur�an an� p�ri�ur�an �or�stry an� a�ro�or�stry� Sh� �as �o�or�anis�r

o� th� �st �orl� Foru� on �r�an For�stry ��anto�a� ������

Con����� mic�ela�conigliaro�fao�org, simone�borelli�fao�org, fabio�salbitano�unifi�it

����o���� �F�F� �all �or ��tion� Tr�� �iti�s o� th� �orl�

��e 1st �orld Forum on Urban Forestry (�FUF) �as �eld in Manto�a (�taly) from 2�-�0 �o�ember 201� and

�as organi�ed by FA�, t�e Municipality of Manto�a, t�e �talian �ociety of �il�iculture and Forest Ecology and

t�e �olitecnico di Milano� ��er �00 e�perts gat�ered to e�c�ange kno�ledge on approac�es t�at cities �a�e

used to optimi�e t�e contribution t�at urban forests and green infrastructure pro�ide in economic

de�elopment, en�ironmental conser�ation, impro�ed social co�esion and increased public in�ol�ement� ��e

t�o main outcomes of t�e Forum �ere a Call for Action and �ree Cities of t�e �orld programme� ��e Call for

Action is intended to pro�ide a reference for cities t�at aim at de�elop communities ��ere urban and peri-

urban forests �elp to ac�ie�e t�e �ustainable De�elopment Goals and are recogni�ed for t�e �ide range of

benefits t�ey pro�ide� �rees and green spaces s�ould be �ie�ed as critical infrastructure, like utilities or

transportation, and as a strategic component of t�e landscape� �ree Cities of t�e �orld is a recognition sc�eme

for greener cities t�at �as de�eloped by FA� and t�e Arbor Day Foundation� ��e aim of t�e sc�eme is to

stimulate and support cities to reac� t�e goals t�at are outlined in t�e Call for Action� �n addition to promoting

t�e efficient management of urban tree resources, it also aims to create an international net�ork of cities,

facilitating t�e s�aring of kno�ledge and good practices to�ards t�e sustainable management of urban forest

and green spaces� ��e programme is based on fi�e key standards t�at a city must meet to be recogni�ed as a

�ree City of t�e �orld�

1� Establis� Responsibility � ��e community �as a �ritten statement by city leaders delegating responsibility

for t�e care of trees �it�in t�e municipal boundary to a staff member, a city department, or a group of citi�ens

2� �et t�e Rules � ��e community adopts policies, best practices, or industry standards for managing urban

trees and forests

�� �no� ��at �ou �a�e � ��e community �as an updated in�entory or assessment of urban trees so t�at an

effecti�e long-term plan for planting, care, and remo�al of city trees can be establis�ed

4� Allocate t�e Resources � ��e community �as a dedicated annual budget for t�e routine implementation of

t�e tree management plan

�� Celebrate Ac�ie�ements � ��e community �olds an annual celebration of trees to raise a�areness among

residents and to ackno�ledge citi�ens and staff members ��o carry out t�e city tree programme

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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I����������� �� W�������� ���� � ����������� ��� ��� ������ �� ����� �������

�rof Dr Frank ���RBERG

�n�������on� C�air of �andscape Arc�itecture, R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity � Germany

��o��� �orn in ����� �ro� �r Lohr��r� stu�i�� lan�s�ap� ar�hit��tur� at Hano��r �ni��rsity an� �on th� ��t�r �os�ph

L�nn� ��ar� in ����� ���innin� in ����� h� �or��� at th� �ni��rsity o� Stutt�art �h�r� h� r���i��� his �o�torat� in �����

�hi�h ��alt �ith ur�an a�ri�ultur� an� �ity plannin�� Sin�� ���� h� is prin�ipal o� Lohr��r� Sta�tlan�s�ha�tsar�hit��tur�

th� o��i�� �o�us�s on lan�s�ap� ar�hit��tur�� �n ����� h� �as appoint�� as �hair o� th� �nstitut� o� Lan�s�ap� �r�hit��tur�

at ��TH �a�h�n �ni��rsity� �ro� Lohr��r� is �����r o� th� ��r�an ��r��un�� th� ��r�an �sso�iation o� Lan�s�ap�

�r�hit��ts an� th� ��r�an �ha���r o� �r�hit��ts� H� �as a��itt�� into th� ��r�an �sso�iation o� To�n �lannin� an�

���ional �lannin� in �����

Con����� lo�rberg�la�r�t�-aac�en�de

����o���� �r�an For�stry� Lan�s�ap� La�oratory� �ro�u�ti�� Lan�s�ap�� ��tion ��s�ar�h� �o���si�n

Cologne�s spatial structure �as been defined by its 1920ties Green Belt, initiated by, t�e t�en mayor, �onrad

Adenauer and designed by urban planner Frit� �c�umac�er� ��e Green Belt is c�aracterised by large �oods

framing a linear open space dedicated to recreational, social and aest�etic functions� �n 2010, ad�acent to t�is

prominent feature and a noisy motor�ay, t�e City of Cologne and its sponsors created t�e ��aldlabor ��ln�

to test ne� forms of urban forestry, greatly inspired by t�e landscape laboratory in Alnarp, ��eden� ��is

introduction �ill e�plain t�e s�ort �istory of t�e �aldlabor, its four components and general layout�

��e most intensi�ely managed section since its de�elopment, �as been t�e �Energy Forest� (1), ��ere fast

gro�ing trees, mainly poplars and �illo�s �a�e been culti�ated for sustainable energy production� �lantations

are �ar�ested e�ery �-� years leading to abrupt c�anges in t�e landscape� but �o� �a�e people reacted� �a�e

t�ey accepted t�is �ar�esting� A researc� pro�ect funded by t�e federal state of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia

pro�ided some initial ans�ers� it became ob�ious t�at t�e �aldlabor s�ould promote its aims more clearly�

�o t�is end R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity conducted a �orks�op in 201� allo�ing students to modify t�e forest

t�roug� cutting, pruning and trimming t�e trees� ��e one-�eek inter�entions resulted in inspiring designs

��ic� s�ed lig�t on �idden functional and aest�etic �alues of t�e forest�

Mean��ile ot�er parts of t�e �aldlabor �a�e also t�ri�ed and �ere selected as t�e setting for a follo� on

�aldlabor �orks�op �it� students in 201�� ��e ��eople�s Forest� (2) aims to introduce e�perimental

compositions of trees ��ic� �ill create ne� aest�etic e�periences based upon contrasting bark colours,

autumn foliage and leaf s�apes� ��e trees planted �a�e been indi�idually sponsored by local citi�ens� ��e

�Climate Forest� (�) consists of � compartments ��ic� spread out across t�e area� Eac� compartment

comprises of �ust one tree species, creating a uni�ue spectacle� �rees suc� as �uercus pubescens or �orbus

aria �ere c�osen to test t�eir adaptability to climate c�ange �it�in an urban setting� ��e �ilderness Forest

(4) is a �control group�� t�is area �as been left to de�elop naturally, and �ill illustrate t�e effects of non-

inter�ention and potential �ilderness �ualities�

��e ��ole site �as been designed as a public space� �at�s meander t�roug� t�e area and �arious signs e�plain

t�e �aldlabor concept� �o� ten years� old, t�e �aldlabor is �ell establis�ed as a uni�ue component of t�e

Cologne Green Belt� �o�e�er, researc� still continues� as t�e trees gro�, e�periments are de�eloping ne�

kno�ledge and perspecti�es on t�e future of t�e �aldlabor� �ence, t�ere is no� a need to refocus its aims

and met�odologies for t�e ne�t decade�

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U���� F������� N��������� �� E�����

Dr Bianca B�R��C�ER

�n�������on� Urban Green �olylogue � ��it�erland

��o��� �ian�a �a�rlo�h�r �as �orn in ���� in ��rlin an� li��s in S�it��rlan� sin�� ����� �h�r� sh� has stu�i�� So�iolo�y

an� ���ia S�i�n��s at th� �ni��rsity o� �as�l� Sin�� h�r �h� ti�� sh� has ���n int�r�st�� in th� hu�an��n�iron��ntal

int�rr�lation an� th�r��or� �urth�r ����lop�� th� th�or�ti�al �ra���or� o� so�ial���olo�i�al r��i��s as an analyti�al �asis

�or sustaina�ility issu�s� �n th� �or�stry ��part��nt o� th� ��rn �ni��rsity o� �ppli�� S�i�n�� ��FH� sh� �or��� as a

s�i�ntist on �i��rs� so�iolo�i�al topi�s p�rtainin� to so�i�tal ���an�s o� ur�an �or�sts� in�lu�in� ��n��r an� so�ial

�i��rsity asp��ts in parti�ipation pro��ss�s� �n ���� sh� �oun��� to��th�r �ith oth�r �����rs a S�iss ��t�or� on �r�an

For�stry� �all�� �r�o�ity��t� �n ���� sh� �oun��� h�r �o�pany �r�an �r��n �olylo�u�� �h�r� sh� is �or�in� as a

���iator in th� �i�l� o� ur�an �r��n in�rastru�tur��

Con����� bbaerloc�er�urbangreenpolylogue�c�

����o���� �u�li� �arrati��s� �li�at� �han��� �oll��ti�� ��tion� �i�ital Storyt�llin�

�umans are storytellers� �torytelling is a discursi�e and narrati�e practice ��ic� constitutes and circulates

meaning, a certain co�erence as �ell as regularity in society (�ie���er 200� cit� Ricoeur 1991)� All

communication, ranging from media, comments or e�en scientific article contain narrati�es� �ociological

Researc� on climate-c�ange �as been illustrating, t�at t�e success or failure of �climate narrati�es� in t�e

public sp�ere is not depending on �facts�, but on t�e �ay ��o�� incidents, data, pictures and people are

positioned in t�e process of narrati�isation to�ard a co�erent narration including certain kno�ledge for action

(ebd�, 129)� ��e case of climate c�ange narration as a climate catastrop�e is not only �ig� lig�tening t�e abuse

of nature t�roug� �uman society it also allo�s a reflection of collecti�e institionalised practices� �t s�o�cases

different narrated ��orlds� ��ic� could lead to a correction of recent climate policies and politics (�ie���er

2012, 210)�

Against t�is t�eoretical background � �ill a) discuss ��et�er t�e �Urban Forestry narration� follo�s t�e

principle of t�e narrated climate c�ange catastrop�e and t�erefore trees becoming a boundary maker and b)

reflect on t�e Urban Forestry narrati�e in Europe in general� � assume t�at t�ere is no co�erent Urban Forestry

narrati�e in t�e non-Englis� speaking countries� Based on t�is assumption � �ill introduce an e�ample of

narration, t�e met�od of digital storytelling and �o� it could be instrumentalised to better narrate on Urban

Forestry �alues for different le�els of collecti�e action�

������n���

Ricoeur, �aul (1991)� Myt�s as a bearer of possible �orlds� �n� M��� �ald�s (Ed�)� Reflection � �magination� �e� �ork, pp� 4�2-490

�ie���er, �illy (2012)� �ffentlic�e Er���lungen und der globale �andel des �limas� �n� M� Arnold, G� Dressel, �� �ie���er (Ed�)� Er���lungen im �ffentlic�en� �� �erlag f�r �o�ial�issensc�aften, pp� 1��-21��

�ie���er, �illy (200�)� C�2-Molek�le und �reib�ausgesellsc�aften� Der globale �lima�andel als Beispiel f�r die

Entgren�ung �on �atur und Gesellsc�aft in der refle�i�en Moderne, �n� Beric�te �u deutsc�en �andeskunde� �2� Band� �eft 2� 11��1�2

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C���������� ������������ ���������: A� ����� ����� ������ �����������

Dr �orien �E�B���, Cecil ������E�D���, Mic�ael ME���ER, Cynt�ia G�R���G and �tep�en ��E��ARD

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada

��o��� Lori�n ��s�itt is a �ost�o�toral ��s�ar�h an� T�a�hin� F�llo� �ith a �oint appoint��nt in th� Fa�ulty o� For�stry

an� th� S�hool o� �opulation an� �u�li� H�alth at th� �ni��rsity o� �ritish �olu��ia ������ Startin� in �uly ����� Lori�n

�ill �� an �ssistant �ro��ssor o� �r�an For�stry in ����s Fa�ulty o� For�stry� H�r r�s�ar�h �o�us�s on ur�an �or�stry an�

so�io���olo�i�al int�ra�tions in ur�an �n�iron��nts� �ith an ��phasis on �n�iron��ntal �usti��� hu�an h�alth an� ��ll�

��in�� an� �li�at� �han��� Lori�n ��ploys �i��� ��tho�s approa�h�s� as appropriat� to th� r�s�ar�h pro���t� an� has

��p�rtis� ran�in� �ro� spatial analysis an� �a�hin� l�arnin� to �ualitati�� int�r�i�� analysis an� sur��y ��si�n� Lori�n�s

�urr�nt r�s�ar�h ��a�in�s �� th� r�lationship ��t���n �r��nn�ss ��posur� an� pu�li� h�alth out�o��s in ur�an

�n�iron��nts� �ith a �o�us on spatio�t��poral ��tri�s an� n�� r��ot� s�nsin� �ata sour��s� �� ur�an �or�st �o��rnan��

an� r�sili�n�� to so�ial an� ��olo�i�al str�ss�s� an� �� ur�an �r��n ��uity in �ulti�ultural �iti�s�

Con����� lorien�nesbitt�ubc�ca

����o���� �r�an For�sts� �atur���as�� Solutions� �r�an �r��n ��uity� �n�iron��ntal �usti��� Sustaina�ility

Urban forests are a key tool to pro�ide nature-based solutions (�B�) to create more li�eable cities� Gi�en t�e

importance of �B� to urban residents, it is important to e�aluate 1) t�e distributional e�uity of urban forests

t�at form part of �B�, and 2) t�e recognitional e�uity of processes to co-create and manage �B� at t�e local

le�el�

��is researc� e�amined t�e distributional e�uity of urban forests in 10 U� cities� Urban forests �ere

c�aracteri�ed t�ree �ays (mi�ed �egetation, �oody �egetation, and public parks), to reflect t�e �ariable �B�

associated �it� different types of urban �egetation� Data �ere analysed using �pearman�s correlations and

spatial autoregressi�e models� ��e researc� also e�amined t�e key dimensions of recognitional e�uity in co-

creating �B� �ia an analysis and synt�esis of rele�ant literature�

�trong positi�e associations �ere obser�ed bet�een urban forests, �ig�er education and income across most

cities� �egati�e associations bet�een raciali�ed status and urban forests �ere obser�ed but �ere �eaker and

less common� �ark area �as more e�uitably distributed t�an mi�ed and �oody �egetation, alt�oug� ine�uities

e�isted across all cities and �egetation types� Four dimensions of recognitional e�uity emerged from t�e

analysis t�at can inform �o� �B� are designed, planned and operationali�ed at t�e local le�el�

Cities are spaces in ��ic� t�e �orld�s populations meet and co-create urban forests and �B�� ��is reality

pro�ides opportunities for mutual learning and impro�ed resilience but can also lead to ine�uity in our access

to and go�ernance of �B�� �ur findings can stimulate strategies to foster e�uitable planning and

implementation of truly co-created �B��

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S������ T����1�1 T�� H������ F����� � S����� �hair�� �y �r St��an T���

������� WIL�ES�ALLE�ANN � L����� ALICE � E��

��ric�, �AR�

Austria and ��it�erland� a comparati�e case study

analysis to understand decision-making �rocesses in

inno�ations in t�e urban forestry sector - A mountain-

bike trail study

�������� �IL�I �� ��� � B��� � �ature Minded

A campaign to encourage p�ysical mo�ement in a

natural en�ironment for �0 minutes a day during �0

days in Belgian Flanders

N���� �ONES � �erys �ones

�arkrun - a popular and energetic use for urban forests

T�� �EIDLER � S����� SIEBERT � German �port

Uni�ersity Cologne

Mountain biking on urban greenspace � e�aluation of

unaut�ori�ed trail tec�nical features using geograp�ic

information systems (G��)

T���� �VASNI��A� A�������� AR�ACI �� ��� � �ingltrek s�r�o� C�ec�ia� �ingltrek DAC� Germany

Recreational �rail �et�orks for M�B and ��ared Use as

a �ool for Urban Forest Management

1�2� T�� H������ F����� � H����� � W��������� �hair�� �y �r St��an T���

D���� �OT�ENBEC�ER �Mot� �tudios ��C

�mmersi�e �ealing� ��y Cities ��ould �ncorporate

Forest ��erapy � Biop�ilic Design �nto t�e Urban Fabric

F�������� �RAINER �BF� Austrian Researc� Centre for

Forests

Green Care F�RE��

�� SAYERS �� ��� � ��e Mersey Forest

Forest �c�ool impacts in nort��est England,

encouraging more natural play, increased p�ysical

acti�ity and social interaction

V������� �OVILAITYTE �ETRI � �������� �IL�I � B��� �

�atureMinded

�ature connection in Brussels urban forests for �uman

�ealt� and resilience

T��� GERSTENBERG �� ��� � F�A Forest Researc�

�nstitute of Baden-��rttemberg

�patial be�a�iour in urban �oodlands� �inking

landscape features to acti�ities and sociodemograp�ic

c�aracteristics of outdoor recreationists

T���� HEGETSCHWEILER �� ��� � ��� ��iss Federal

�nstitute for Forest �no� and �andscape Researc�

�ntegrating p�ysical forest c�aracteristics into socio-

cultural forest monitoring � a ne� approac�

2� T�� S�������� F����� �hair�� �y �ro� �r �aolo S������T�

A��� SI�SON � �eeds Beckett Uni�ersity

�e� lig�t t�roug� old �indo�s - promoting t�e

spiritual aspects of urban forestry and its future role in

deli�ering �iable multi-cultural urbanism

A������ BERNASCONI � �A� Bern AG

Funeral Forests� Bridges bet�een t�o �orlds

C���� �ONI�NENDI�� � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia

��e �piritual Urban Forest - a �ourney of re(disco�ery)

R����� HU� � �cottis� Forestry

Connecting �it� traditional fait� groups to

contemporary urban forests

S������ ROTH � A��� SELTER � Uni�ersity of Freiburg

�Come take a �alk �it� me� E�ploring forests bet�een

timber production and sentience - a �ualitati�e study

on place perception of indi�iduals

S�������� BETH�ANN � E�� BLAISE � F�A Forest

Researc� �nstitute of Baden-��rttemberg

�Being nature� � �istorical, spiritual and political

dimensions of a �alk in t�e �oods

��1� T�� L������� F����� � F����� L�����������

�hair�� �y �ro� �r Fran� L�H�����

����� G�C�LE� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity

�aldlust � Urban forests as community �ubs and

e�perimental design spaces

����� �EYER � R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity

�ald�interior, learning from forest be�a�ior as a base

for creati�e design procedures

R���� WINOGROND ��ulcano �tudio

Dynamic �ran�uility� �oodland �ark meets Airport

��opping Mall

S����� D����� BORIS � Aar�us Uni�ersity

E�perimenting �it� adaptation and transformation in

t�e Aar�us �andscape �aboratory

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��2� T�� L������� F����� � E������������

E�������� � �hair�� �y �r St�phani� ST�������H �

�nna �����

V����� NIEHUIS� ����� NIEL �� ��� � Biological �tation

�est Ru�rgebiet

En�ironmental education in urban forest(s) in t�e Ru�r

area

O����� BAL�E � �ald und �ol� �R�

About t�e effects of a near-residence industrial forest

on to�ns-c�ildren in t�e first years of t�eir life

U��� VILHAR �� ��� ��lo�enian Forestry �nstitute

Green �earning En�ironments � �oolbo� �it� good

practice e�amples for non-formal learning in t�e

natural en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special

educational needs

����� NASTRAN � A��� GOLOB� Uni�ersity of

��ubl�ana

�isiting urban forest as part of education program in

�lo�enian kindergartens

������� CHENG �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia

A �Citi�en�s Coolkit� on climate c�ange and urban

forestry - Canadian e�perience in engaging t�e silent

ma�ority on climate c�ange and urban forestry issues at

t�e micro-neig�bour�ood block scale

S����� NAIL � B���� �CGONIGAL� Uni�ersit� de

�antes

En�ironmental education and international net�orking

at uni�ersity le�el

��1�� T�� C���������� F����� � G��������� �hair�� �y �ao�i ����H��

C������ CA�ERON � ���� TARLING � City of �ortland,

Maine

Re-foresting �Forest City� � �ortland, Maine� Co-Design

� �nno�ation using �ublic Art and Community

�artners�ips

D�� YE �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia

Urban green space promoting social co�esion among

older adults� A conceptual frame�ork and case studies

in C�ina

I�� WHITHEAD � �nstitute for �andscape Arc�itecture,

R���

�romoting citi�en engagement in G� and urban forestry

� understanding and o�ercoming barriers in �R�

����� ����� CANON BER�UDE� �� ��� � Uni�ersity of

Copen�agen

Building Bridges in Urbanplanen, ne� cultural practices

bet�een t�e young population and green spaces

S���� FEDER �� ��� � European Forest �nstitute � �und

Uni�ersity

�luralities and �ines� An E�ploration of �mmigrant

�ntegration in t�e Catalonian Forest �ector

��1�� T�� C���������� F����� � G��������� �hair�� �y �an �H�T�H���

A��� STEIDLE � �nstitute of Urban �andscape

Management

Ad�ocacy for Urban Forest

C����� ORD��E� �� ��� �Uni�ersity of Melbourne

Go�ernance of t�e urban forest in Melbourne,

Australia� from local strategies to metropolitan policy

L��� WUNDERLIN � E�� ��ric�

Bridges and barriers for Urban Green � A comparati�e

case study of �ienna and �uric�

N���� ��RCHER � Arbor Aegis

Creating an i-�ree Eco-based Urban Forest

Management �oolbo�� �urning i-�ree outputs into

Climate-Adapti�e outcomes, offering management

strategies for gro�ing t�e ��iss Urban Forest

������ WINC�E� �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Agriculture in

�rako�

Comparing scientific and social perspecti�e of urban

forests� Ecosystem �er�ices � case study of �lanty �ark

� t�e green �eart of �rako�, �oland

R��� VAN DER VELDE � Delft Uni�ersity of �ec�nology

Delta City �rees� Emerging �aradigms in R�ine Delta

Cities and t�eir �mpact on t�e Researc� Agenda for

Urban Forestry

R����� HOSTNI� �� ������lo�enia Forest �er�ice

�articipatory integrated management of urban and

peri-urban forests in t�e Danube region (URBforDA�

pro�ect)

��2� T�� C���������� F����� � ���������� �hair�� �y �ohn ������

E��������� TUH�ANEN �� ��� � �U�E �atural

Resources �nstitute Finland

�ampling met�od affects t�e applicability of i-�ree

results for communicating t�e ecosystem ser�ices of

planted and maintained urban trees

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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������� �UINTON � ����� DUIN�ER � Dal�ousie

Uni�ersity

��e role of cemetery management in maintaining t�e

urban forest of �alifa�, Canada

���� NIE��AN � Uni�ersity of Applied Forest �ciences

Rottenburg

Making regulating ecosystem ser�ices �isible - a G��-

based analysis of Cologne�s Urban Forests

����� WE�Y� �� ��� �Uni�ersity of Agriculture in

�rako�� �roGea 4D �td�

��FE URBA�GREE� - an inno�ati�e tec�nological

platform to impro�e management of green areas for

better climate adaptation

R�������� �AL�AUS�AS � �ytautas Magnus Uni�ersity

�oodlands spatial arrangement and different degree

of urbani�ation (�it�uania case study

T��� NINGAL � G����� �ILLS�Uni�ersity College Dublin

Urban �rees, �roperty �rices and Associated

En�ironmental-Economic Benefits � Dublin, �reland

���� T�� C���������� F����� � �������� �hair�� �y �r �n�r�as �����S����

A������� GIOCOLI� T����� G��E��FABRA� E������

VIDAL�CASANOVAS �� ��� � �rea Metropolitana de

Barcelona

�ature Based �lanning model in t�e Barcelona

metropolitan area

G������� TRENTANOVI� T����� CA��AGNARO �� ���

� Uni�ersity of �ado�a

�ild �oodlands across �talian cities� t�eir potential role

in urban regeneration

G��� STEGEN �� ��� � Groendienst, City of G�ent

�o eac� t�eir o�n kind of ���D� t�e Gentbrugse

Meersen, G�ent (Belgium)

I������� DE �EO � A��������� �ALETTO � Council for

Agricultural Researc� and Agricultural Economy

Analysis (CREA)

Combining forest planning and ecosystem ser�ices

pro�ision� t�e e�perience of Monte Morello peri-urban

forest (�taly)

L���� �EDRA��INI � �olitecnico di Milano

��e �andscape Green �et�ork� a ne� deal for planning

in �ombardy

�������� A RAH�AN �� ��� � �ec�nical Uni�ersity of

Munic�

�ptimi�ing ecosystem ser�ices pro�ision using suitable

tree species and open space design

����� DINGENDAHL � N������ B�S�EN� City of Essen BaumAdapt� �ptimi�ation of eco-system ser�ices of urban forests in compliance �it� t�e resilience of critical infrastructures in regard to con�ecti�e e�ents and adaptation to climate c�ange

���� O������ ������������� �hair�� �y �ro� �r St����n ��ST

S������ RUST��A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences

and Arts

Ad�anced �ree Assessment

S������ RUST��A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences

and Arts

Comparison of t�o met�ods to assess t�e �itality of old

trees - a test on beec� and sycamore maple

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

�������1� T�� H������ F�����

������R�� �I� �� ��� � �ational �nstitute of Forest

�cience �eoul� A �tudy on t�e �nfluences of Aerosol on

Urban Forest in �orea

R����� EDER �� ��� � Uni�ersity of �atural Resources

and �ife �ciences, �ienna� �nstitute of �andscape �nside or outside� ��ere to take a break to reload

batteries during a stressful sc�ool day�

T���H�� �I� �� ��� ��ational �nstitute of Forest

�cience� Effect of Urban forest �andscape proportion

on temperature mitigation in �eoul

2� T�� S�������� F�����

A�� VI�A � V������� BOC� Uni�ersity of Agronomic

�ciences and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest

Biblical gardens surrounded by forest in C�eia

mountain resort, Romania

������� TUBA � G��� �ELE�EN � Uni�ersity of �opron

��aded Resting �laces in �andscape� Religious

Memorial

V������� �OVILAITYTE �ETRI � �������� �IL�I �

B�����atureMinded Forest culture, spirituality and nature connection in

urban forests practices of Belgian cities

�� T�� L������� F�����

V����� NIEHUIS� ����� NIEL �� ��� � Biological �tation

�est Ru�rgebiet

En�ironmental education in urban forest(s) in t�e Ru�r

area

��1� T�� C���������� F����� � G���������

A����� S�EA�� H����� SOLLY �� ��� � U��B� � �taly

�orking toget�er� E�periences from an

interdisciplinary urban forest researc� pro�ect in

Bol�ano, �taly

S������ �RA�TER OSTOI� �� ��� � Croatian Forest

Researc� �nstitute

E�ploring, �uantifying and mapping cultural ecosystem

ser�ices of urban green infrastructure � case study city

of �agreb, Croatia

S����� NITOSLAWS�I � N����� GALLE � Uni�ersity of

Britis� Columbia� Uni�ersity College Dublin

�marter trees for smarter cities� E�ploring cases of

�smart� urban forest management from Europe and

Canada

W����� �� FREI�TER � ���� BODE � �tadsbos�ac�ter,

�olfpack, �ab for t�e �e�t Economy

�mart Urban Forest

��2� T�� C���������� F����� � ����������

C���� �HANG �� ��� � C�inese Academy of Forestry

C�aracteristics and c�anges of rural residential forest

in �ing�e, middle sout� of ��andong pro�ince

U��� VILHAR � E���� �O�A�ERNI� � �lo�enian

Forestry �nstitute

Assessment of urban forest �ydrological ecosystem

ser�ices for an reser�e drinking �ater source in t�e City

of ��ubl�ana

R���� �ACE �� ��� � �arlsru�e �nstitute of �ec�nology

(���)

�emperature mitigation by urban trees� Modelling t�e

cooling effect of transpiration and s�ading on a single

tree basis

����� W��Y� �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Agriculture in �rako�

C�ange detection of city �ig� �egetation using �D

�iDAR point clouds and its impact on ecosystem

ser�ices pro�ided by trees in Racibor� (�oland)�

C������ BUCH� ����� �EIL �� ��� � Biological �tation

�est Ru�rgebiet Germany

�ndustrial Forest �ro�ect � A synt�esis after 24 years of

accompanying ecological researc� on industrial

bro�nfields

���� T�� C���������� F����� � ��������

V������� BOC �� ��� � Uni�ersity of Agronomic �ciences

and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest

Reintegrating an Emblematic �andscape of Buc�arest�

t�e �urrounding Green Areas of t�e �arliament �alace

���� O������� �������������

T������ VALADA �� ��� � ����A �nstituto �uperior de

Agronomia �ortugal

Basidiomycetes common to standing urban trees

���� �URC � ������� ��UL� � Uni�ersity of ��ubl�ana�

��e �ree �nstitute �lo�enia

Forestry laboratory as a tool for impro�ing t�e �ealt�

of urban forests� �est and disease researc� of urban

trees and forests in t�e city of ��ubl�ana

F����� �AIA �� ��� � ����A �nstituto �uperior de

Agronomia �ortugal

Use of ��A in Celtis, Fra�inus, �latanus and �ilia trees

in �ortuguese cities

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�������

�1

Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

S������ 1�1 T�� H������

F����� �ports

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T�� H������ F����� � S�����

�2

Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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T�� H������ F����� � S�����

��

Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

A������ ��� S����������: � ����������� ���� ����� �������� �� ���������� ���������

������ ��������� �� ����������� �� ��� ����� �������� ������ � A ������������� �����

�����

�erylee ����E�-A��EMA��a and �ud�ig A��CEb, c

�n�������on� aE�� �uric� � ��it�erland� bUni�ersity of �atural Resources and �ife �ciences �ienna (B��U) �

Austria� cEuropean Forest �nstitute EF�CEEC, �ienna � Austria

Con����� ��ilkes�et���c�, alice�lud�ig�boku�ac�at

����o���� �nno�ation� �r�an For�stry� �ut�oor ���r�ation� �ustria� S�it��rlan�� �ountain��i�� Trails�

���ision��a�in� �ro��ss

�utdoor recreation �as in t�e last decade c�anged from being passi�e (e�g� �alking) to more acti�e forms (e�g�

mountain-biking)� Forest roads are not only used for �ar�esting timber, but also ser�e as trails for �iking,

�ogging, etc� ��ird parties, suc� as t�e community and organised recreational users (e�g� bikers), use t�e initial

setting to add recreational infrastructure ne�t to t�e roads (e�g� barbecue and picnic areas) and inside t�e

actual forest (e�g� mountain-bike trails, fitness trails)� ��us, t�e infrastructure for recreational purposes is also

pro�ided t�roug� inno�ati�e pro�ects in urban forest areas (�ilkes-Allemann and �ud�ig, 2019)� ��is e�olution

poses c�allenges (e�g� liability and costs issues, conflicts) to forest managers and forest o�ners� �nno�ation

�as, traditionally, been defined as a process by ��ic� ne� products and tec�ni�ues are introduced into t�e

economic system (�c�umpeter, 19�4)� �n t�e forestry sector, t�ese products and tec�ni�ues are often

combined �it� t�e pro�ision of ne� ser�ices and goods suc� as mountain-bike trails (�eiss et al� 2011, �ud�ig

et al� 201�a, �ud�ig et al� 201�b)� �o far, fe� studies �a�e analysed inno�ation from a go�ernance perspecti�e

(�ilkes-Allemann and �ud�ig, 2019)� �ubse�uently, our researc� addresses t�e go�ernance processes

resulting in t�e de�elopment of recreational infrastructure to ans�er t�e �uestion� �o� and to ��at e�tent

are inno�ations in t�e urban forestry sector crucial in fostering outdoor recreation infrastructure

pro�isioning�� �o do so �e analyse inno�ation from a go�ernance perspecti�e (�strom 2011)� �e center on

t�o mountain-bike trail cases located in urban forest areas of Austria and ��it�erland so as to e�amine t�e

role social inno�ation plays and to analyse t�e decision-making process be�ind� ��e researc� is based on

se�eral empirical sources including semi-structured inter�ie�s� ��e findings suggest t�at conflicts are crucial

in fostering inno�ation�

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T�� H������ F����� � S�����

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

A �������� �� ��������� �������� �������� �� � ������� ����������� ��� �0

������� � ��� ������ �0 ���� �� B������ F�������

�atriina �����a, �ien CR�M���U�a, �aren �ER���F� �ER���F�b, Myriam DE B�EC and Bert DE ��M��E�Ea

�n�������on� aB���� bC�ristian �ealt� �nsurance Fund (CM� cRegional public aut�ority for �ature and Forests of

�ature � Forests - Go�ernment of Flanders � Belgium

Con����� ktrnkilpi�gmail�com

����o���� �a�pai�n� �r���ntion� H�alth �ro�otion� �ra�ti�� �ri�nt�� ��s�ar�h� ��storation �n�i�ators�

�r�an �atur�� �r�an For�sts

�n t�e Flemis� pro�inces in Belgium, accessible nature is une�ually distributed� ��e matter is rising �ig�er on

t�e political agenda, as t�e links bet�een e�posure to nature and �ealt� �a�e recei�ed stronger e�idence� ��e

obser�ed naturalness of t�e residential en�ironment �as been associated �it� a lo�er pre�alence of

depression, an�iety and stress� Furt�ermore, people ��o �a�e access to green spaces in t�eir neig�bour�ood,

use t�ese areas more and tend to be p�ysically more acti�e� Finally, people �it� a strong connection �it�

nature, spend more time in nature and t�us become more e�posed to t�e beneficial effects of natural

en�ironments�

��ree stake�olders based in Flanders, a �ealt� insurance pro�ider (CM), a state agency for forest and nature

(Regional public aut�ority for �ature and Forests of �ature � Forests, go�ernment of Flanders) and a forest

ad�ocate organi�ation (B���) partner annually to run a campaign to encourage p�ysical mo�ement in natural

en�ironments for �0 minutes per day during �0 days� �ince 201�, an assessment of t�e impact of t�e campaign

on t�e participants� sub�ecti�e �ealt� and �ellbeing �as been conducted� �n t�e autumn of 201�, altoget�er

1�20 participants started t�e campaign� ��ey reported t�eir daily acti�ities in an online diary and t�roug� t�e

t�ree sur�eys t�at �ere administered t�roug�out t�e campaign� ��e impact of t�e campaign on participants�

sub�ecti�e �ealt� and �ellbeing, t�eir connectedness �it� nature and t�e le�el of naturalness of t�eir

percei�ed li�ing and e�ercising en�ironments, �ere measured by using a set of �alidated scales, an ob�ecti�e

measure and �ualitati�e �uestions�

Regardless of a number of constraints in t�e study set up and e�ecution, for t�e second time in a ro�, similar

results come about� ��e campaign succeeds to attract and engage a rat�er �omogenous group of �ig�ly

educated �omen o�er ��-year of age� ��ile t�e respondents are in a�erage or better �ealt�, t�ey seek t�e

encouragement of t�e campaign to remain p�ysically acti�e regardless of lack of time, tiredness or bad

�eat�er conditions� ��e lessons learnt from t�e impact assessment include t�e �ig�lig�ted difficulties t�is

segment of t�e society faces in t�eir attempts to maintain t�eir �ealt�� t�e issues t�at come about ��en

attempting to conduct scientific researc� close to practice� and possible points to be looked into for furt�er

researc��

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T�� H������ F����� � S�����

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

������� � � ������� ��� ��������� ��� ��� ����� �������

�erys ���E�

�n�������on� �erys �ones � U�

Con����� nerys��ones�blueyonder�co�uk

����o���� �ar�run� H�alth� ��ll���in�� �unnin�� �olunt��rin�� ���r�ation

��arkrun� is a fast-gro�ing �orld�ide recreational p�enomenon� it is a net�ork of �km running e�ents t�at

take place e�ery �aturday morning at o�er 1,400 locations in 20 countries across fi�e continents� �articipation

is free and it is organised entirely by �olunteers� �t started in t�e U� in 2004 �it� �ust 1� runners in a single

park in �ondon and by �ctober 201�, � million people �ad registered to take part�

As t�e name suggests, parkruns are often staged in parks, but an increasing number are �eld in and around

�oods and forests, lakes, beac�es, promenades, racecourses and e�en prison grounds� Forests, bot� urban

and rural, offer softer, trail-type courses, in contrast to urban parks �it� �ard surfaces and t�ey offer a location

for t�ose looking for a slig�tly ��ilder� run e�perience� �arkrun is an ideal acti�ity for urban forests� it re�uires

�ery little effort to organise, minimal infrastructure to set up and �it�in �0 minutes of finis�ing, t�ere is almost

no e�idence t�at it took place�

��e runs are �ery inclusi�e� anyone can take part, from serious at�letes to �alkers, club runners to parents

pus�ing c�ild buggies, ��eelc�air users and people �it� dogs� Ages range from under � to o�er �0 and all

runners are classed as �at�letes� by parkrun� ��e si�e of indi�idual parkruns �aries enormously from as fe� as

10 runners to as many as 1�00�

�eople register �ust once, on-line, and t�ey may t�en run at any parkrun e�ent �orld�ide� ��ere is no need to

book in ad�ance� ��e at�lete do�nloads a personal bar code, ��ic� is carried during t�e run and is t�en

scanned at t�e finis� line� Runners recei�e t�eir personal time by te�t or email, usually �it�in an �our or t�o

of finis�ing�

��e p�ysical �ealt� benefits are becoming more apparent, �it� doctors in t�e U� no� starting to prescribe

parkrun as a �ay of encouraging people to become more acti�e� ��e mental �ealt� benefits of participation,

��et�er t�roug� running or �olunteering, are also increasingly recognised�

��e parkrun et�ic is t�at �it is a run, not a race � it�s you against t�e clock�� ��ere is a �ery supporti�e, collegiate

atmosp�ere, �elcoming beginners, t�ose ��o are less able and people trying to lose �eig�t, as �ell as

celebrating faster runners� ��e social aspect is also �ery important � t�ere is al�ays some��ere to meet for

coffee and cake after�ards�

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T�� H������ F����� � S�����

��

Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

�������� ������ �� ����� ���������� � ���������� �� ������������ ����� ���������

�������� ����� ���������� ����������� ������� �GIS�

�om �E�D�ER and �tefan ��EBER�

�n�������on� �nstitute of �utdoor �ports and En�ironmental �cience, German �ports Uni�ersity Cologne �

Germany

Con����� t���i�l�r��shs��o�ln���� s�si���rt��shs��o�ln���

����o���� �ut�oor Sports� �r�an �r��nspa��� �ountain �i�� Trail T��hni�al F�atur�s� ��o�raphi�

�n�or�ation Syst��� �T�� ��S

�ntroduction

Mountain biking is a megatrend and is practiced by an estimated number of 4�,�00 at�letes in t�e city of

Cologne� At t�e same time, recreation grounds of 40 m2 per citi�en are pro�ided in t�is urban area� ��ose

spaces are intensi�ely used by sports clubs, commercial pro�iders and recreational at�letes�

Mountain bikers are legally allo�ed to use t�e pat�s of public parks� �o�e�er, it �as been noted t�at t�e

ma�ority of mountain bikers prefer to ride on narro� trails� Bikers speciali�ed in disciplines suc� as freeride,

dirt and BM� also prefer routes t�at integrate tec�nical features into t�e trails� �ince t�ere is no supply for t�e

demand of suc� locations in t�e area of Cologne, informal sport sites de�eloped on a public green space in t�e

district of �indent�al�

Met�ods

As part of t�e in�estigation, a spatial analysis of t�e study area �as carried out to assess t�e status �uo of

mountain bike specific facilities� ��e area �as na�igated, ��ile geograp�ical data �as collected using G��

de�ices� Based on a study by �ickering et al� (2010), a sur�ey record �as de�eloped, in ��ic� locations and

c�aracteristics of t�e tec�nical features �ere noted� After�ards, t�e data �as processed using ArcMap and

E�cel�

Results

�e�eral trail tec�nical features �a�e been connected by trails to form mountain bike facilities� �f t�ese, four

�ere identified in t�e area� ��e total space occupied spans 1�2� �a, ��ic� is e�ui�alent to 4��� of t�e sports

facilities in t�e study area� Mounds, �umps and cambers are t�e t�ree ma�or types of features� ����� of t�e

tec�nical features are in good or moderate condition, 12�4� are defecti�e or only left as remnants� 2� of a

total of 10� features are �ig�er t�an �0 cm� �n t�ree out of four sites, considerable ecological pollution from

�aste and �egetation damage �as found� At least 24��� of t�e routes in t�e study area are informal trails t�at

are used by at�letes of �arious sports�

Conclusion

�nformal mountain bike sites �old great potential for conflict on an ecological and social le�el� ��e spreading

of t�e areas cannot be influenced, so remo�al measures �ere initiated in t�e past� �o�e�er, t�ere �as no

lasting success as t�e sites �ere soon rebuilt�

�n terms of an integrated sports area de�elopment, a concept for a public mountain bike facility needs to be

carried out� �t �ould be concei�able to �a�e a plan t�at agrees �it� t�e normati�e foundations and t�e

structural conditions of t�e e�isting sites

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T�� H������ F����� � S�����

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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R����������� T���� N������� ��� �TB ��� S����� U�� �� � T��� ��� U���� F�����

����������

�om�� ��A�����A, �ai ��EBDRA�� and Ale�ander AR�AC�

�n�������on� �ingltrek, s�r�o� � C�ec�ia� �ingltrek DAC� � Germany

Con����� tomas�k�asnicka�singltrek�c�, kai�siebdrat���elosolutions�com, ale�ander�arpaci�inuf�at

����o���� Trail ��t�or�s� Sustaina�l� Trails� Trail �lannin� an� ��si�n� �is� �ana����nt� �isitor

�ana����nt� Shar�� �s�

�ro�iding sustainable recreational trails is one of t�e most effecti�e �ays �o� to manage t�e interface

bet�een sil�icultural acti�ities, nature protection and recreation� �rail net�orks for M�B and s�are-use can

substantially decrease t�e problems arising from increased �isitor numbers to forested nature areas� ��ey do

so in t�ree main areas� ��ey pro�ide users �it� desirable e�perience, t�ey establis� �isitor flo�s t�roug�

landscapes and t�ey pro�ide effecti�e risk management solution�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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S������ 1�2 T�� H������

������ �ealt� � �ell-

being

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I�������� H������: W�� C����� S����� I���������� F����� T������ � B�������� D�����

I��� ��� U���� F�����

Da�id M���E�BEC�ER

�n�������on� Mot� �tudios ��C � U�A

Con����� da�id�mot�studios�com

����o���� Shinrin �o�u� For�st �athin�� For�st Th�rapy� �iophili� ��si�n� H�alin�� �atur�� Lan�s�ap�

�r�hit��tur�� �r�an ��si�n� �r�an �lannin�

��e effects of stress and constant e�posure to cortisol are �arming our bodily systems - �ype 2 Diabetes tops

t�e c�arts, along �it� obesity and �eart disease� ��at causes stress� �ong commutes� poor �ousing� poor

neig�bor�ood conditions, and poor �orkplace design� �ig� demand�lo� control �obs� lack of access to retail,

�obs, ser�ices� �ur en�ironments affect our �uality of life� �e � designers, �ellness practitioners, forestry

professionals, and policy makers � all �elp set t�e conte�t for ��ere �ealt� �appens (or doesn�t)� A solution

currently on t�e �anguard is t�e incorporation of nature into designs t�at support �ealt��

Researc�ers at t�e Center for En�ironment, �ealt� � Field �ciences at C�iba Uni�ersity t�ink t�at t�is need is

rooted in e�olution� ��roug�out our e�olution �e �a�e e�isted �it�in, and as a partner �it�, nature � �e are

comfortable and feel a symbiosis �it� it� By contrast, our modern �artificial� society is in�erently stressful�

�lace as Green �nfrastructure can not only �elp your body become �ealt�ier by producing o�ygen and

p�ytoncides� but it can also create place for storm�ater to infiltrate and be cleansed, people to ride bikes and

�alk, plants to gro�, and �abitat created� All t�at, and it can sa�e billions � yes, �it� a B � on city budgets�

By understanding t�e benefits and metrics t�at �a�e emerged from studying t�e po�er of nature to reduce

stress� participants �ill learn about inter�entions to create green, �ealing spaces in and near urban centers�

During t�e presentation participants �ill also be introduced to elements from biop�ilic design and met�ods

of forest t�erapy� �articipants �ill learn �o� t�ese modalities can �ork in tandem to create remarkable and

e�periential �ealing spaces�

�earning �b�ecti�es

1� Understand t�e �ualities of a �ealing en�ironment from t�e biop�ilic�forest t�erapy perspecti�e�

2� �dentify specific actions t�at can be taken to create an integrati�e, immersi�e, and �ealing space�

�� �earn about e�idence-based studies on �o� spaces and nature affect �ealing and �ell-being�

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F����� S����� ������� �� ��������� E������� ����������� ���� ������� �����

��������� �������� �������� ��� ������ ������������

�o �A�ER�a, �oe �����E�b and �ynne B�DD�b

�n�������on� a��e Mersey Forest � U�� b��e ��ysical Acti�ity E�c�ange, �i�erpool �o�n Moores Uni�ersity � U�

Con����� �osayers�merseyforest�org�uk, ��R��no�les�l�mu�ac�uk, ��M�Boddy�l�mu�ac�uk

����o���� For�st S�hool� �atural �lay� L�arnin� out�oors� H�alth

��er t�e past 10 years, Forest �c�ool pro�ision in �ort��est England �as rapidly e�panded� Corresponding

studies during t�is time �a�e demonstrated a range of benefits to t�e c�ildren participating� Forest �c�ool �as

�ad a positi�e effect� connecting c�ildren to nature, influencing c�ildren�s natural play and t�eir kno�ledge of

t�e �orld around t�em, pro�iding a mec�anism to break do�n t�e barriers and encourage c�ildren and t�eir

families to play more in natural settings during t�eir leisure time�

Additionally, �it�in t�e sc�ool setting, Forest �c�ool researc� �as s�o�n impacts of increased social

interaction, confidence, impro�ed mental �ellbeing and p�ysical acti�ity le�els, ensuring more sc�ools are

training staff as Forest �c�ool �eaders�

��ese pro�ects �ere undertaken in partners�ip �it� �i�erpool �o�n Moores Uni�ersity, ��ysical Acti�ity

E�c�ange and ��e Mersey Forest, one of t�e leading en�ironmental regeneration initiati�es in t�e �ort� �est

of England�

������n��� �r�ports � �olla�orati�� r�s�ar�h in�lu���

Ridgers, ��D, � �ayers, �� (2010)� �atural play in t�e forest� Forest �c�ool e�aluation reports�

�ttp�������merseyforest�org�uk�our-�ork�forest-sc�ool��

Ridgers, ��D, �no�les, ��R, � �o �ayers� (2012)� Encouraging play in t�e natural en�ironment� a c�ild-focused case study

of Forest �c�ool� C�ildren�s Geograp�ies, 10(1), 49-���

Austin, C���, �no�les, ��R� and �ayers, �� (201�) E�aluation of t�e �atural �ealt� �er�ice- Forest �c�ools� ��e Mersey

Forest and �i�erpool �o�n Moores Uni�ersity� Unpublis�ed Report

Clare Austin, �oe �no�les, �aye Ric�ards, Mel McCree, �o �ayers, and �icola D� Ridgers �pringer �ress publication �

C�apter on� �lay and �earning �utdoors� Engaging �it� t�e �atural �orld Using Forest �c�ool in t�e U� � �1-22

Emilia �rapasso, �oe �no�les, �ynne Boddy, �isa �e�son, �o �ayers and Clare Austin (201�)� E�ploring gender differences

�it�in Forest �c�ools, as a p�ysical acti�ity inter�ention� C�ildren � �pen Access �ournal (MD��)

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G���� C��� FOREST

Fran�iska �RA��ER

�n�������on� Austrian Researc� Centre for Forests � Austria

Con����� fran�iska�krainer�bf��g��at

����o���� For�st� �r��n �ar�� H�alth� ��ll���in�� So�ial For�stry� So�ial Sustaina�ility� �ustria

�ntroduction

Forests offer many opportunities for rela�ation and leisure acti�ities� �o�adays, t�e c�allenges in t�e �ork

en�ironment are increasing and people often lack p�ysical and mental balance in t�eir e�eryday li�es� Forests

can counteract t�is de�elopment and become an important resource for reco�ery and resilience� ��e Austrian

Researc� Centre for Forests strongly focuses on identifying and releasing t�e potential of forests to impro�e

t�e �ealt� and social aspects of today�s society� ��e pro�ect Green Care F�RE�� deals �it� social sustainability,

�ealt� and �ell-being in t�e forest�

Met�od

Green Care F�RE�� is a communication pro�ect funded by t�e Austrian Rural De�elopment �rogram 14-20�

�e connect people from t�e forestry, �ealt�, education, tourism and employment sector� �ur goal is to act

as communicati�e interface bet�een t�ese different stake�olders in order to initiate green care acti�ities and

pilot pro�ects in t�e forest� Green care stands for pro�ects and acti�ities t�at take place in nature� ��e goal is

to maintain, foster or impro�e t�e �ealt� of our target groups� c�ildren, adults, people �it� mental�p�ysical

problems, socially disad�antaged people� Green Care F�RE�� aims to find forest based solutions to societal

c�allenges related to �ealt�, education and �ork� Forest o�ners play a key role� �nno�ati�e Green Care F�RE��

simultaneously de�elop di�ersification and ne� income opportunities for forest o�ners�

Result

��e pro�ect Green Care F�RE�� acts as an interface and mediator bet�een forest o�ners and stake�olders

from t�e abo�e mentioned sectors� ��e basis for our communication �ork are best-practice pilot pro�ects,

��ic� �e initiate and lead to reali�ation in tig�t collaboration �it� our partners, practical and�or scientific

e�perts and stake�olders from different sector� �ur pilot pro�ects deal �it� social forestry and �ork

integration, forest t�erapy for people �it� addiction problems or c�ronic pain, recreational forest trails, forest

kindergartens, forest education for sc�ool kids and elderly people�

Conclusion

�it� Green Care F�RE��, �e strengt�en t�e role of forests as places for �ealt� and �ell-being, education,

employment opportunities and social integration� �e present case studies and s�are our �ands-on

e�periences� �e encourage fruitful discussions on yet untapped possibilities forests pro�ide for �ealt� and

�ell-being, especially in t�e face of societal c�allenges�

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N����� ���������� �� B������� ����� ������� ��� ����� ������ ��� ����������

�itali�a �����A����E �E�R�a and �atriina �����b

�n�������on� aUni�ersit� �ibre de Bru�elles, U�B � Belgium� b��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences, ��U �

��eden

Con����� �itali�a��o�ilaityte-�etri��otmail�com

����o���� �atur�� �onn��tion� H�alth� ��sili�n��

Almost �0 � of t�e City of Brussels territory contain non-built spaces� ��e urban forest contains 20 � of

Brussels green areas ��ic� pro�ide �arious ecosystem ser�ices and benefits for �uman �ealt� and �ellbeing�

�n addition, Brussels City �osts large number of nationalities and et�nical bio-cultural traditions rooted in

forest and nature cultures from all o�er t�e �orld� ��is makes Brussels City a uni�ue place �it� specific

geograp�ical situation, cultural di�ersity and large number of urban green territories �it� lots of potential for

connecting people �it� nature for t�eir �ealt� and resilience, and de�elopment of pro-en�ironmental

be�a�iours�

��e case study on nature connection acti�ities suc� as forest bat�ing, forest t�erapy, nature mindfulness and

urban foraging of �ild food plants in urban forests of t�e City of Brussels �as been carried out t�roug� analyses

of a�ailable literature, information on rele�ant �ebsites and social media, �isits to t�e urban forest sites,

meetings �it� professionals �orking in t�e field, en�ironmental education and nature conser�ation

organisations, creati�e artists and ecologists, follo�ing t�e acti�ities in urban forests, as �ell as taking part in

�arious e�ents related to urban forest based �ealt� inter�entions and foraging of �ild food plants in City of

Brussels�

��e study results s�o�ed t�at t�e interest in urban forests based inter�entions and urban foraging in Brussels

�as been �ig�ly increasing lately� ��is regained focus on �ealing effects of urban forests �as been applied to

modern life styles in urban areas t�roug� �arious local community-dri�en �ealt�, social, cultural and

educational pro�ects� ��e e�amples of suc� numerous, interesting and useful pro�ects are being found in

different sites of urban forests� Many of t�em are directly related to sustainable, efficient, safe and rational

management of urban nature resources to promote recreation, �ealt�y lifestyles, disease pre�ention, social

integration or intangible cultural �eritage protection� ��ey include �arious forest based inter�entions for

�uman �ealt� restoration and arts-based en�ironmental education� ��e identified acti�ities are indi�idual

needs-centred and aim to gro� �ealt�y, resilient, en�ironmentally responsible and empo�ered EU citi�ens of

all ages and situations

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I���������� �������� ������ ��������������� ���� �������������� ������ ���������� � �

��� ��������

�essa �EGE��C��E��ER, C�ristop� F��C�ER and Marcel �U����ER

�n�������on� ��iss Federal Researc� �nstitute for Forest, �no� and �andscape Researc� ��� � ��it�erland

Con����� �essa��egetsc��eiler��sl�c�

����o���� �onitorin� For�st ���r�ation� �ational For�st �n��ntory� �nlin� Sur��y� For�st �hara�t�risti�s

�nformation about social aspects of forest suc� as aest�etic or recreational �alues is fre�uently collected �it�

off-site �uestionnaire sur�eys� �e�eral countries regularly conduct nation-�ide sur�eys in order to monitor

outdoor recreation and t�e relations�ip of t�e people to t�e forest� �n t�ese sur�eys, respondents often are

asked to describe t�eir last �isit to a natural area or to describe t�e forest t�ey �isit most often� ��ile t�is

gi�es a representati�e picture of t�e respondents� preferences and be�a�iour, it is not possible to link t�eir

ans�ers to t�e real c�aracteristics of t�e forest t�ey are describing� �n t�e ot�er �and, c�aracteristics suc� as

tree species, stand structure, etc� are commonly recorded in �ational Forest �n�entories (�F�s)� Regarding

forest recreation, bot� t�e p�ysical c�aracteristics of t�e forest in ��ic� recreation takes place as �ell as t�e

social aspects suc� as �isitor preferences and be�a�iour play an important role� �n order to establis� a link

bet�een socio-cultural forest monitoring and t�e ��iss �F�, �e used p�otos from t�e �F� taken in all four

cardinal directions from t�e centre of t�e �F� sample plots� ��e p�otos �ere integrated in an online sur�ey

dealing �it� �isual attracti�eness of forest, general forest preferences, moti�es for �isiting forests and t�e

importance of forest during t�e respondents� c�ild�ood� Because t�e p�otos are not congruent �it� t�e

sample plots, forest c�aracteristics �ere deri�ed from t�e p�otos according to �F�-criteria� Results s�o� t�at

�isual attracti�eness could be e�plained by a combination of se�eral �F�-parameters and social factors� An

e�aluation of t�e met�od used to gain p�ysical forest data from t�e p�otos re�ealed t�at apart from some

e�ceptions most parameters studied could be deducted reliably from t�e p�otos� �e conclude t�at t�is

approac� is a possibility to integrate forest c�aracteristics into socio-cultural forest monitoring�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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S������ ��������� �� ����� ���������: L������ ��������� �������� �� ���������� ���

���������������� ��������������� �� ������� ��������������

�ina GER��E�BERGa, C�ristop� F� BAUME���ERa, Ulric� �C�RAM�a and �obias ���E���GERb

�n�������on� aForest Researc� �nstitute of Baden-��rttemberg (F�A) � Germany� bGeorg-August-Uni�ersit�t

G�ttingenb � Germany

Con����� tina�gerstenberg��eb�de

����o���� Spatial ��ha�iour� Lan�s�ap� �hara�t�risti�s� �u�li� �arti�ipation ��S �����S�� �a�hin� L�arnin��

�ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s

An increasing number of scientific papers describe and e�plain t�e connections bet�een natural landscape

features and �otspots of cultural ecosystem ser�ices, �alues, and preferences� ��e results �elp en�ironmental

planning and decision making �it� prioritising and balancing management ob�ecti�es� �o�e�er, t�ere is a lack

of kno�ledge on associations bet�een p�ysical landscape attributes t�at c�aracterise used routes and

indi�idual background features as �ell as acti�ities of outdoor recreationists (e�g�, cycling, dog �alking,

�ogging, �alking)� �n order to address t�is researc� �uestion, �e applied �ublic �articipation G�� (��G��) to

assess spatial be�a�iour, i�e�, �ay usage, in urban �oodlands of city d�ellers from t�ree densely populated

regions in Germany�s �out��est� Respondents also stated t�eir acti�ities for mapped routes,

sociodemograp�ic backgrounds, and percei�ed cultural ecosystem ser�ices� �n order to c�aracterise eac�

mapped route according to p�ysical landscape features, �e used a �0m buffer around eac� route and

measured area si�es (in m�) of land co�er classes represented �it�in t�is buffer, e�g�, �ater bodies,

broadlea�ed, coniferous and mi�ed species dominated stands, meado�s, and �uman-made infrastructure�

Data on t�ese features �ere deri�ed from �pen �treet Map, in�entory maps, �ig� resolution �iDAR satellite

imagery, and forest function maps of t�e pro�inces� forestry administration� For data analysis, �e use Getis-

�rd Gi statistics and mac�ine learning tec�ni�ues� �e present linkages of indi�idual background information,

percei�ed cultural ecosystem ser�ices, and acti�ities to mapped routes� c�aracteristics� �f applied in urban

forest management, t�is kno�ledge may contribute to �isitor-centred planning and decision-making as �ell

as de�elopment of �isitor guidance concepts for urban �oodlands�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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A S���� �� ��� I��������� �� A������ �� U���� F����� �� ����� ��������

�yung-Rae ��Ma, �ae-�ee ��Ma, �eong-�ak ��a and �oung-�i �A�b

�n�������on� a�ational �nstitute of Forest �cience� b�ang�on �ational Uni�ersity � �out� �orea

Con����� pyung��4��gmail�com, kt�90�4�korea�kr, �e�o��korea�kr, young�i�an�kang�on�ac�kr �

����o���� �r�an For�st� ��rosol� �arti�ulat� �att�r

Atmosp�eric particulate matter can reduce �isibility, affect cloud formation and precipitation, and �arm

�uman �ealt�� �ealt� effects related to particulate matter include impacts on pulmonary, cardiac, �ascular,

and neurological systems� �articulate matter can result from direct emission or as secondary products, bot�

of ��ic� contain natural and ant�ropogenic sources�

Urban forests play an important role in reducing atmosp�eric pollution and impro�ing pollutants more t�e

�uality of t�e urban en�ironment� �rees are efficient sca�engers of �M10 and can ser�e as skins for particle,

gas and aerosols at t�e canopy le�el� As a result of t�e large canopy area of lea�es and t�e turbulent air

mo�ement created by t�e structure trees effecti�ely capture more particles t�an s�orter �egetation�

�n t�is study, Comparison of �articulate matter c�aracteristics in urban site and urban forest site, �orea� �n

addition, �e try to identify t�e factors affecting t�e �articulate matter reduction by identifying t�e �eat�er

factors�

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I����� �� �������� W���� �� ���� � ����� �� ������ ��������� ������ � ��������� ������

���� ��������

Renate EDERa, Brigitte A��E�a, �amara �C��AGBAUERa, �ans-�eter �U��ERb, �isbet� �E��E��FE�DERb,

�at�rin �EMMERERb, ��ifra ��A�RA�� �A�A��b, �eter �A���ERb, Claudia �C�M�GERc, �eter �A���ERc, �illy

DAMMb and Arne AR�BERGERa

�n�������on� aUni�ersity of �atural Resources and �ife �ciences, �ienna (��E�) � Austria� bMedical Uni�ersity of

�ienna � Austria� c�B� �nnenraumanalytik �Gc � Austria

Con����� renate�eder�boku�ac�at, brigitte�alle��boku�ac�at

����o���� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �r�an �ar�s� �o�niti�� ��r�or�an��� ��ll��in�� ��ol�s��nts

Adolescents spend many �ours a day at sc�ool and are c�allenged cogniti�ely� ��is results in an increased

stress le�el and concentration difficulties� ��erefore, it is crucial t�at pupils �a�e places �it�in t�e sc�ool

en�ironment ��ere t�ey can restore t�eir cogniti�e capacities� ��e pro�ect Green4brain addresses t�e

follo�ing researc� �uestions� (1) Are t�ere any places �it�in t�e sc�ool en�ironment ��ere pupils can restore

t�eir cogniti�e performance� (2) Are t�ere any effects of different in- and outdoor sc�ool en�ironments on

t�e psyc�ological and cogniti�e �ealt� of pupils�

��e study is carried out in cooperation �it� t�ree �iennese sc�ools and is funded by t�e Austrian researc�

programme ��parkling �cience� of t�e Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, �cience and Researc�� Due to

t�e focus of t�e funding program, an inter- and transdisciplinary approac� �as applied� Researc�ers from

recreation planning, en�ironmental �ealt� and en�ironmental engineering �ork toget�er �it� pupils ��o act

on t�ree le�els� as a study group, as affected actors and as researc�ers� �n order to e�plore t�e first researc�

topic, t�e pupils created mental maps of t�eir sc�ool en�ironment� ��e second researc� �uestion �as

ans�ered by measurements of psyc�o-p�ysiological �ealt� effects of different en�ironments, ��ic� �ere

carried out bet�een May and �une 201�� Close to �0 pupils (from 1� to 1� years) participated in t�e

measurements, spending a �0-minute recreation period in t�e follo�ing areas� classroom, green classroom,

sc�ool grounds in-�outdoor, urban parks� ��e standardi�ed measurements included psyc�ological (self-

condition scale by �itsc�, percei�ed restorati�eness scale) and cogniti�e (d2 �est of Attention) met�ods�

��e mental maps indicated t�at t�e o�n class �as often c�osen as a stress location due to bad air ��ile

gymnasiums and sports fields �ere al�ays considered as restorati�e places� Results of t�e psyc�ological and

cogniti�e measurements s�o�ed t�at t�e sub�ecti�e �ell-being significantly increased after t�e stay in all

selected in- and outdoor locations� Comparison of classrooms and parks indicated t�at sub�ecti�e percei�ed

stress �as significantly reduced at bot� sites, �it� a �ig�er le�el in t�e parks� �t can be concluded t�at sc�ool

breaks are crucial for pupils to restore mental performance and increase t�e �ell-being ��et�er t�e break is

�eld in a classroom, on sc�ool grounds or in a park� Generally, parks are seen as more rela�ing places�

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E����� �� U���� ������ L�������� ���������� �� ����������� ���������� �� S����

��������

�ae-�ee ��M, �yung-Rae ��M , and �eong-�ak ��

�n�������on� �ational �nstitute of Forest �cience � �out� �orea

Con����� kt�90�4�korea�kr, �e�o��korea�kr

����o���� H�at �a��� H�at �slan�� Lan�s�ap�

More fre�uent and more se�ere �eat �a�e e�ents due to climate c�ange alongside �it� increase in urban

�eat island caused by continuous urbani�ation are becoming serious issue in many regions around t�e �orld�

��e e�treme temperature �as dangerous effect on �uman �ealt�, especially for t�ose �it� �ig�er

�ulnerability, suc� as �ery young or elderly generations�

�eoul �as a �ery �ig� population density (1�,000 people�km2), ��ic� is eig�t times �ig�er t�an �e� �ork and

t�ree times �ig�er t�an �okyo and �ondon� A �ig� urbani�ation le�el and t�e �ig� population density, makes

it easy to accumulate �eat energy �it�in t�e city� Urban �eat island p�enomenon occurs �ery often in summer,

and p�enomenon suc� as tropical nig�t �as persisted for a long time, causing great damage due to �eat� �n

201�, t�e number of days of �eat �a�es �it� ma�imum temperature of more t�an �� degrees Celsius,

continued for �1 days, and t�e duration of �eat �a�es (201� �orea Meteorological Administration) �as also

gradually increased� ��e number of deat�s from �eat stroke �as also steadily increased� Due to t�e city�s

t�ermal c�aracteristics, in �eoul, it is essential to reduce t�e temperature� Urban forests are effecti�e in sol�ing

t�ese t�ermal energy accumulation, ��ic� is ��y people�s demand for urban forests continues to gro� and

researc� is under�ay�

�e e�amined t�e c�ange in temperature according to t�e landscape structure of t�e city and effect of t�e

urban forest� �o calculate t�e surface temperature of t�e city, �e used t�e �andsat � satellite data� �n order

to analy�e t�e effect of urban forests, �eoul �as di�ided into a grid �it� a resolution of 1km � 1km� Moreo�er,

t�e landscape analysis tool of �G�� �as used to analy�e t�e landscape of �eoul� �n addition, basic researc� �as

conducted to establis� policies for urban forests by analy�ing t�e structure of urban forests in �eoul and

additionally by in�estigating t�e mitigation effect by trees�

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S������ 2 T�� S��������

F�����

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N�� ����� ������� ��� ������� � ��������� ��� ��������� ������� �� ����� ��������

��� ��� ������ ���� �� ���������� ������ �������������� ��������

Alan ��M���

�n�������on� �eeds Beckett Uni�ersity � U�

Con����� a�simson�leedsbeckett�ac�uk

����o���� �r�an For�stry� �sy�holo�i�al ��otional an� Spiritual Ti�s �ith Tr��s� �ulti��ultural �r�anis�

��e felling and clearance of trees to make �ay for agriculture and t�e e�pansion and progress of �uman

ci�ilisation is an acti�ity ��ic� �as gone on practically uniterupted for t�ousands of years, and is still

continuing� �n one sense, because trees �a�e al�ays stood in t�e �ay of progress, it mig�t appear t�at �uman

beings �ad little regard for suc� natural ob�ects� �arado�ically, not�ing could be furt�er from t�e trut�, and

��ilst �uman beings �a�e seemingly stri�en in recent times to tame nature, in earlier times trees �ad a

dominant influence upon �uman life, imagination and spiritual de�elopment, and �ere considered sacred in

many cultures in e�ery corner of t�e �orld� �o� t�at most of us li�e and �ork in to�ns and cities, it could be

argued t�at, compared to our forebears, �e are no� more alienated and di�orced from t�e land, t�e natural

�orld and t�is intimate relations�ip �it� trees�

��at said, t�e benefits t�at trees can bring to our urban areas �a�e been kno�n for some time, but it �as

really only �it� t�e ad�ent of t�e concept of urban forestry in t�e late 20t� century, and t�e resulting researc�

into t�e benefits of urban forestry t�at �as subse�uently taken places, t�at t�e �ery broad spectrum of t�ese

benefits �as been establis�ed and �uantified� �it�out a doubt, trees and �oodlands �a�e t�e potential to

play a significant role in t�e �iability and e�periential �uality of our multi-cultural urban en�ironments, and

t�us urban forestry �as increasingly gained political traction in many to�ns and cities across t�e �orld,

impro�ing t�e �ealt� and �ell-being of t�eir citi�ens as a result�

�t could be argued �o�e�er t�at t�e promotion of urban forestry �as all too often centred upon a fairly narro�

spectrum of scientific benefits, t�e merits of ��ic� �a�e not al�ays c�imed �it� or con�inced local

communities� ��is presentation �ill suggest t�erefore t�at a muc� broader perspecti�e is re�uired ��en

promoting urban forestry and engaging �it� local multi-cultural communities� ��is perspecti�e must promote

and take into consideration t�e deep psyc�ological, emotional and spiritual ties t�at people potentially �a�e

�it� t�eir urban forests, in t�e full kno�ledge t�at t�e trees in around our to�ns and cities �a�e t�e potential

to be t�e �uintessential symbol of biological e�olution, interconnecting all our multi-cultural communities �it�

nature by s�ining ne� lig�t t�roug� old �indo�s, and t�us promoting �iable urban futures for us all�

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F������ F������: B������ ������� ��� ������

Andreas BER�A�C���

�n�������on� �an Bern AG � ��it�erland

Con����� andreas�bernasconi�panbern�c�

����o���� Fun�ral For�sts� �ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� For�st �ana����nt

�piritual forest spaces �a�e a rising importance in society� �ne e�ample of t�is trend is t�e funeral forest� �n

��it�erland only 10� of t�e deceased are still buried in a coffin, it is common to spread or bury t�e departed�s

as�es (Donner 201�)� Bet�een 2009 and 201� in Germany t�e number of tree burials doubled up to 4��000

per year (Bauer und �c�raml 201�)�

Funeral forests are sacred places, grounded on t�o Cultural Ecosystem �er�ices (CE�) of outstanding

importance� (a) spiritual and religious meaning and (b) a space of long duration, linking ancestors �it� nature�

As CE� are linked to symbolic meaning, t�ey cannot be e�plained by t�e functioning of Ecosystems alone

(�irc��off 201�)�

Funeral forests are attracti�e e�amples for practitioners as �ell as for researc�ers� t�e ob�ect of interest � a

single tree � can be considered at t�e same time as a topic of t�e ecological �orld (as �ell as a symbol of

people�s e�pectations� Forest management measures t�erefore bridge t�o �orlds and sustain natural as �ell

as social �alues�

�n a case study �it�in ���CERE (201�) funeral forests �ere analysed focusing on � aspects� (�) Around 1�0

trees, offered for burial places, �ere in�entoried� ��at kind of trees �ere selected by t�e forest o�ner and

��y� �n t�e ot�er �and� ��ic� trees attracted � so far - interest of clients and ��y� And �o� �ill t�e forest

be managed in t�e future� ��e criteria for selecting t�e trees and t�e reasoning and preferences of clients for

c�oosing specific trees are presented�

(��) ��e case is also an e�ample of inno�ation� ne� offers �ad to be created, ne� procedures to be establis�ed

and ne� skills to be de�eloped� ��e most important inno�ation mec�anisms are e�plored�

(���) �n a more general le�el fostering and in�ibiting policy factors for or against t�e creation of funeral forests

�ere analysed� ��e results are s�o�n and conse�uences for future forest management, policy and capacity

building discussed�

������n���

Donner � (201�) �et�te Ru�e nac� Mass�

Bauer und �c�raml (201�) Der �ald als Bestattungsort� �n� AF�-Der �ald, 1�� �4-���

�irc��off � (201�) ��ulturelle �kosystemdienstleistungen�� Eine begrifflic�e und met�odisc�e �ritik� �erlag �arl Alber�

1�� ��

���CERE (201�) �purring ��no�ations for Forest ECosystem �ER�ices in Europe� (a European Un-ion�s �ori�on 2020

researc� and inno�ation programme under grant agreement �o ����02)�

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T�� S�������� U���� F����� � � ������� �� ������������

Cecil ������E�D����

�n�������on� ��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada

Con����� cecil�koni�nendi�k�ubc�ca

����o���� Spirituality� �ultural �alu�s� �la��� ���i�ration

��e spiritual �alues and importance of our urban forests are often ignored in design, planning and

management� �o�e�er, t�ese and related (cultural) �alues are often crucial, for e�ample in connecting local

urban residents and place� ��is presentation re�ie�s t�e current state of kno�ledge and practice on t�is topic,

focusing on �istorical and present spiritual �alues of urban forests� �t also identifies some e�amples and good

practice of inclusion of t�ese �alues into urban forestry� �n a globalising and urbanising �orld, urban residents

are looking for meaningful connection to t�e landscapes in and �it� ��ic� t�ey li�e� �pirituality, religion,

belonging and place identity, creati�ity, and learning are all contributing to t�is connection, and urban forests

can contribute to all� From t�e First �ations to Canadian cities to t�e many �ne�comers� to cities across t�e

�orld ��o bring along t�eir o�n cultural and spiritual interpretations of landscapes, e�amples e�ist of �o�

urban forests �a�e spiritual importance�

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C��������� ���� ����������� ����� ������ �� ������������ ����� �������

Romena �U�

�n�������on� �cottis� Forestry � U�

Con����� romena��u��forestry�go��uk

����o���� Faith� �o��uniti�s� �ultural ��r��ptions

Di�ersity �as al�ays been at t�e core of t�e �cottis� Forestry �ork and at t�e �eart of our culture�

��e aim of t�e Central �cotland Engagement �rogramme is to increase t�e use of �oodlands by people �it�

protected c�aracteristics� �ince 2010 o�er 110 different di�erse organisations �a�e been engaged in a range

of acti�ities and e�ents to encourage access and en�oyment of �oodlands�

�n Central �cotland it �as clear t�at t�e ma�ority of e�ents and acti�ities deli�ered �it�in �oodlands �ere

based around C�ristian festi�als �it� �ery fe� participants from et�nic minority communities or ot�er fait�

groups� Most ma�or fait�s �a�e a common t�read linking t�em to nature and guardians�ip of t�e eart�� ��is

link �as used to engage �it� groups and e�plore t�e opportunities t�at t�eir local �oodlands �ad to offer in

�elping t�em to celebrate t�eir fait��

��e fait� groups engaged lead on t�e design, preparation and deli�ery of t�e celebrations �it� support from

�cottis� Forestry� �e in�ol�ed t�e �olunteer Community C�ampions ��o �ent t�roug� our training course

some of ��om are from t�e engaged fait� community to inspire� encourage and break do�n t�e barriers to

t�eir groups accessing t�eir local and urban �oodlands�

��ere are inspiring �isual images of o�er 20 fait� celebrations including�

�� �oli� ��e �indu �pring festi�al also kno�n as t�e festi�al of colours� Acti�ities included making natural

coloured dyes representing t�e se�en colours of �oli, fire building and Rangoli, on t�e forest floor�

�� �agB�omer� �e�is� �oliday t�ere is a tradition of lig�ting fires in t�e memory of t�o rabbis� bo�s and

arro�s �ere made �it� nati�e �illo� and a competition at t�e end of t�e day in reference to t�e

rainbo�, a symbol of di�ine protection�

�� Eid al Ad�a� Muslim festi�al ��ic� incorporates t�e story and rituals of t�e pilgrimage to Mecca,

�ealt�y �oodland circular �alks symbolised t�e �a�� and pilgrimage stations�

�� �aisak�i� marking t�e �ik� �e� �ear and �pring �ar�est� En�ironmental art in �pring colours �as

created along �it� �ealt� and �ellbeing acti�ities suc� as yoga and breat�ing �orks�ops�

�� �nterfait�� A series of interfait� sessions �ere deli�ered focusing on significant and �oly trees in

different fait� traditions� A s�ort film captured �o� all fait�s s�are an appreciation of nature and care

for t�e en�ironment (�ttps�������youtube�com��atc�����suoo����Ac)

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�C��� ���� � ���� ���� ��� E�������� ������� ������� ������ ���������� ���

��������� � � ����������� ����� �� ����� ���������� �� �����������

�ibylle R��� and Andy �E��ER

�n�������on� Uni�ersity Freiburg � Germany

Con����� si�yll��roth�i�p�uni��r�i�ur����

����o���� �lace Making, Forest Usage��erception, �alk along �nter�ie�, �ellbeing, Mu�e

��e aim of t�is presentation is to introduce to t�e frame�ork of place making of �umans in forests t�roug�

t�e lenses of t�e concept �Mu�e�� ��is concept is understood as a state t�at can be e�perienced in times of

self-determination and self-regulation� �it�in t�is e�perience, indi�iduals can follo� t�eir o�n interests �it�

inner peace and �it�out t�e pressure of time� All studies, dealing �it� t�e Mu�e state a strong affinity

bet�een spaces and t�e components being detac�ed from daily routine, and its time restrictions as �ell as

concentrati�eness and a�areness� �imultaneously studies ��ic� in�estigate t�e recreation use of forests

consistently describe t�at people percept t�eir �isits of forests as immersion into anot�er �orld and �ence

into a possible spaces for Mu�e� �e start from t�e assumption t�at place making and t�e perception of Mu�e

is a matter of indi�idual frames and as �ell strongly influenced by social discourses pro�iding t�e structure for

indi�idual frames� �o�e�er, so far t�e literature dealing �it� Mu�e rele�ant issues in forests concentrated

eit�er on t�e discursi�e (macro) le�el or on t�e perceptions of indi�iduals (micro le�el)� �o o�ercome t�e

separated researc� tradition and better understand t�e interlinkage bet�een t�e structure pro�iding

discourses and t�e indi�idual perceptions, �e de�eloped a bridging t�eoretical frame�ork� �nce introduced

to t�is frame�ork �e are s�aring results and open for discussion on our empirical study� �e aim to identify

t�e aspects t�at constitute Mu�e spaces in forests�

��e met�od used and material gained during an empirical p�ase in summer 201� are �0 indi�idual place

perceptions of urban forest �isitors represented t�roug� �ualitati�e go-along inter�ie� sets� ��ese inter�ie�s

��ere transcribed and coded to gain a t�ematic o�er�ie�� ��e results are s�o�ing ��ic� aspects determine

t�e construction of indi�idual Mu�e places in forests� ��e �ealt� researc� in forests identifies Mu�e as one of

t�e basic factors of �ellbeing and �ealt��

��e results s�o� ne� insig�ts into perceptions and e�periences of indi�iduals in forests� ��roug� t�e studies

been undertaken, �e can identify causalities regarding to indi�iduals appreciate t�e most during t�eir forest

�isits and ��at t�ey rat�er �ant to a�oid� A significant amount of forest �isitors of our study group seeks t�e

forest for di�erse concepts like solitude, peace and �uiet, ��ic� �ill be e�plained in t�e presentation�

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�B���� ������� � ����������� ��������� ��� ��������� ���������� �� � ���� �� ��� �����

�tep�anie BE��MA�� and E�a B�A��E

�n�������on� Forest Researc� �nstitute (F�A) Baden-��rttemberg, Department of Forest and �ociety � Germany

Con����� step�anie�bet�mann�forst�b�l�de, E�a�Blaise�forst�b�l�de

����o���� For�st ���r�ation� Spirituality� �ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� For�st �on�li�ts� �arti�ipation�

�ualitati�� ��s�ar�h� So�iolo�y� �ral History

��en forest �isitors describe t�eir e�perience of �alking in t�e �oods, t�ey rarely put t�eir feelings in

religious terms� But a close reading of t�eir narrati�es and practices s�o�s t�at forests are an important source

for spiritual e�periences� For many people, forests ser�e as reminders t�at as �umans t�ey are not opposed

to nature, but rat�er intimately connected �it� it, t�emsel�es sub�ect to t�e order of t�e natural �orld�

��roug� t�eir (recreational) practices, people produce a specific nature e�perience t�at �e coin �ere �being

nature��

��e talk traces t�e c�anging meanings of �being nature� t�roug� a �ide range of �ualitati�e data� inter�ie�s

�it� citi�ens from rural and urban areas in sout�-�est Germany, �it� members of forest-related citi�en

initiati�es, and �it� forestry practitioners� �e account for �istorical c�ange by comparing bet�een older and

younger generations� And based on a study of forest conflicts, �e also consider some political implications of

t�e spiritual dimension in relations�ips to forests� ��e �ays t�at citi�ens address t�eir �ie�s and �orries about

legitimate forest use are in many �ays incompatible �it� t�e scientific and bureaucratic �argon t�at alone is

deemed �rational�� ��is antagonism occasionally escalates conflicts and limits t�e possibilities for political

discourse and participation�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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B������� ������� ���������� �� ������ �� C���� �������� ������� R������ ��������

Ana ���A and �ladimir B�C

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Agronomic �ciences and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest � Romania

Con����� ana��ita199��ya�oo�com, �ladimirboc�gmail�com

����o���� Spiritual For�st� �i�li�al �ar��ns� Sa�r�� Spa��

��e paper deals �it� t�e researc� and �alorisation of t�e relations�ip bet�een sacred spaces and forest

landscapes t�roug� t�e insertion of biblically-t�emed gardens into a 20 �a monastic domain, surrounded by

t�e forests of C�eia mountain resort, located in central Romania� ��e site is crossed by a natural �ater course

�it� t�o ponds and comprises a series of mi�ed tree groups and gro�es, increasing t�e landscape di�ersity of

C�eia �rt�odo� Monastery area�

��e first stage of t�e pro�ect consists in a comple� researc� of t�e site from a cultural, �istorical, functional,

ecological and �isual point of �ie�� Follo�ing t�e site assessment, a landscape rede�elopment strategy is

proposed t�roug� minimal inter�entions� �t is intended to introduce biblical t�ematic gardens focused on t�e

conser�ation of t�e dendrological �egetation, on t�e �alorisation of t�e local ambiances t�roug� �isual and

functional integration of t�e site in t�e conte�t of t�e mountain forest landscape and C�eia resort� ��e

proposed �egetation presents a distinct symbolic �alue in eac� t�ematic area t�at confers a particular �isual

identity and a specific spiritual role�

��e conclusions re�eal t�e �ig� potential of t�e site from �isual, en�ironmental and touristic point of �ie��

��e opportunity to increase t�e attracti�eness of t�e monastic domain is �ig�lig�ted by inserting multiple

uses, suc� as educational, religious, cultural, recreational etc�

� �

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

S����� R������ ������ �� L��������: R�������� �������� ��������

�atalin �UBA and Ge�a �E�EME�

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of �opron, �nstitute of �il�iculture and Forest �rotection � �ungary

Con����� tuba�katalin�emk�nyme��u, ge�kelemen�gmail�com

��������� �ross�s� �aysi�� Shrin�s� �ro��� Lo�al �o��uniti�s� Lo�al Histori� ���nts� Har�ony

Religion and forests �a�e al�ays been linked since t�e �ery beginning� A forest can ser�e as a rela�ing place

bot� p�ysically and mentally� �t is like a s�elter, a �ermit or e�en a burial place� Countless signs of t�is

connection can be found in our close en�ironment�

�n 2014 t�e bis�op of County �as turned to t�e local en�ironmental and agricultural aut�orities� t�e forest

department and t�e plant protection and soil conser�ation department �is aim �as to �elp to collect t�e

religious memorial sites in t�e area� �n our study, �e completed and analysed t�is database, based on different

aspects�

��ese religious sites �a�e been in�estigated in order to obser�e t�ese locations, t�eir surroundings and t�e

c�anges t�at occurred from t�eir establis�ment� �e also intended to find out if t�ey �a�e any �istorical

conte�t� ��o takes care t�eir maintenance� And in ��at �ay�

�early �00 religious sites �as gat�ered in frame�ork of t�is pro�ect� �e�eral types of religious memorial sites

�ere registered�

A substantial number of t�ese sites are situated inside t�e urban forests, not far from t�e to�ns or �illages�

��e religious monuments t�at are located in settlements, almost al�ays stand in a gro�e or close by trees�

�umerous s�rines are located nearby springs� ��e religious memorial sites usually �a�e a close connection to

t�e local �istory, sometimes to national �istoric e�ents�

�n t�e last fi�e or si� years t�e state forest companies �a�e spent substantial amounts of money on t�e

de�elopment of recreation facilities in forest areas� ��e maintenance of religious sites are managed by local

communities regardless of t�eir location� ��is care is more intensi�e t�an t�e care of ot�er �ell-kno�n

recreation tools and places� �t is partly due to t�is fact t�at t�ese s�rines are unusually old�

��ese s�rines �a�e �ad an e�tended role lately� ��ey used to be establis�ed to sign important spots and to

inform people about t�ose ��o passed a�ay �ere, about a story or a danger, to protect against �ail, ice storm

or diseases, to symbolise t�e recollection and t�e gratefulness� �o�adays t�ese s�rines are included in tourist

and t�ematic pat�s or t�ey are linked to pilgrimages or geocac�ing places�

��e religious memorial sites and t�eir surroundings �a�e become t�e eternal part of t�e landscape in �ungary

because t�ey create a triple �armony� t�at of t�e psyc�e, t�e local �istory and t�e nature�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

F����� �������� ������������ ��� ������ ���������� �� ����� ������� ��������� ��

B������ ������ ��������

�itali�a �����A����E �E�R�a and �atriina �����b

�n�������on� aUni�ersit� �ibre de Bru�elles, U�B � Belgium� b��edis� Uni�ersity of Agricultural �ciences, ��U �

��eden

Con����� �itali�a��o�ilaityte-�etri��otmail�com

����o���� For�st� �ultur�� Spirituality� �atur�� �onn��tion

According to Rio Forest �rinciples �forest resources and forest lands s�ould be sustainably managed to meet

t�e social, economic, ecological, cultural and spiritual needs of present and future generations� �1�� �ocial

�alues of t�e forests include positi�e psyc�ological effects, aest�etic �uality, and emotional and spiritual

benefits �2�� Understanding of spiritual needs and benefits related to sustainable urban forest management is

a comple� issue, especially in di�erse metropoles like Brussels t�at is �ome to nearly 200 nationalities �it�

different cultural, religious and educational backgrounds ���� �ome attempts to understand t�e meaning of

spirituality to contemporary indi�iduals and to in�estigate links bet�een nature-based recreation, spirituality

and �ealt� in urban en�ironments �a�e been publis�ed �4�� �n 2009 Roscoe addressed spirituality in terms of

a system of personal �alues and beliefs t�at �elp �uman being to find meaning and purpose in life t�roug� �a

s�ared connection or community �it� ot�ers, nature, t�e uni�erse, and a �ig�er po�er� ����

�n our study �e analysed links bet�een forest culture, spirituality and nature connection in urban forests

practices in and around t�o Belgian cities, Brussels and G�ent, focusing on on-going forest acti�ities and

inter�entions, namely forest bat�ing, forest t�erapy, nature mindfulness, green e�ercise, forest �alks and

forest foraging�

�e listed and analysed t�e number of urban forests based inter�entions and classified t�em according to t�e

follo�ing criteria� to ��ic� target groups t�ose acti�ities are directed, ��at is t�eir aim, on ��ic� cultural

tradition and �alues are t�e inter�entions built and de�eloped, ��at met�odologies are used and �o� t�eir

efficacy is e�aluated�

������n���

�ttps�������un�org�documents�ga�conf1�1�aconf1�12�-�anne����tm �1�

C�iesura, A� ��e role of urban parks for t�e sustainable city� �andscape Urban �lan�, 2004, ��, 129-1�� �2��

�ttp���statistics�brussels�figures�did-you-kno���o�-many-different-nationalities-li�e-in-brussels���FB���rs�D� ����

Baur, �� �� R� Urban green spaces, recreation and spiritual e�periences, �eisure��oisir, 201�, 42(2), 20�-229 �4��

Roscoe, �� �� �ellness� A re�ie� of t�eory and measurement for counselors� �ournal of Counseling � De�elopment, 2009,

��(2), 21��22� ����

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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S������ ��1 T�� L�������

F����� Forest

�aboratories

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T�� �������� F����� � F����� L�����������

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

W������� � U���� ������� �� ��������� ���� ��� ������������ ������ ������

�ulia G�C��E

�n�������on� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity � Germany

Con����� �gaeckle�la�r�t�-aac�en�de

����o���� �r�an For�st� ��p�ri��ntal ��si�n� �p�n Spa�� �lannin�� Lo�al ���ntity

Recently t�emes like forest bat�ing, contact �it� nature or a return to t�e �uman senses are increasingly

featured on t�e co�ers of lifestyle maga�ines, ��ic� s�o�s t�at t�ese topics are becoming more rele�ant to

t�e public�

�ublic green spaces can ser�e as places of recreation and rela�ation, especially for people ��o li�e and �ork

in t�e urban en�ironment� �e�er publications discuss �uestions regarding t�o abilities of t�ese spaces� to

follo� ne� trends for usage as �ell as function (�GBU report� �Der Um�ug der Mensc��eit - Die

transformati�e �raft der �t�dte) and to satisfy t�e desire for � special moments �in e�eryday urban life�

��is presentation �ill present and compare pro�ects ��ic� test inno�ati�e green spaces as ne� design forms

for urban spaces�

�e�, e�perimental forms of urban green, compact, sometimes temporary urban forests, are already being

e�plored in many public space pro�ects� For e�ample, t�e arc�itect Asif ��an combines arc�itectural elements

�it� green structures in �is �Forest Bat�ing� installation in �ondon, offering people in t�is public place a special

place to come toget�er� �eople can easily sociali�e in t�is �ay and becoming a part of t�e local community�

��e Bankside Urban Forest pro�ect in �ondon also manages to design comfortable green spaces �it� a focus

on t�e �uman scale �it� ne� green structures� ��e t�eory of Biop�ilic Urban Acupuncture, states t�at �umans

often need �green� to feel comfortable and t�at especially many smaller green spatial inter�entions in t�e city

can �a�e an enormous effect on �ell-being�

E�perimental green structures in t�e urban landscape seem to strengt�en a sense of en�ironmental a�areness

as �ell as a sense of community� �o�e�er, for t�ese kinds of inter�entions to be feasible in t�e long term and

at different places, a ne� understanding of responsibility for maintenance �as to be establis�ed at t�e local

citi�en and community le�el� Relating to t�ese problems, � �ill gi�e an outlook on possible ideas for t�e future�

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T�� �������� F����� � F����� L�����������

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

W������������� �������� ���� ������ �������� �� � ���� ��� �������� ������ ����������

�oost ME�ER�

�n�������on� R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, Faculty of Arc�itecture � Germany

Con����� �meyer�plastik�arc��r�t�-aac�en�de

����o���� �on��pt �or �r�hit��tur� Stu��nt ���ursion� ��sth�ti�al ��ar�n�ss an� �han�� o� ��rsp��ti�� �or

For�st �on�ition� Sustaina�l� an� ��sour����ons�ious ��si�n �ro���ur�s

Report on a � day student e�cursion (R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity, faculty for arc�itecture) in cooperation �it�

t�e �allendar City Forestry Bureau�

��at starts �it� a c�ild�ood dream of immersing into t�e forest to build your o�n treetop �ut under easiest

circumstances aims at sensiti�ing arc�itecture students for ecological balance, sustainable and resource-

conscious design procedures�

�ome t�ings can�t be learned, t�ey �a�e to be e�perienced to let t�eoretical become applied kno�ledge� ��e

primary task of t�is e�cursion �as to in�estigate t�e demands and conditions for sustainable li�ing during a

�sur�i�al camp� in t�e forest� Building a tree �ouse only from materials gat�ered on site to sleep at nig�t� �t

embodies a playful approac� to t�e arc�aic origins of arc�itecture as �ell as its tig�t connection to forestry

resources� resources in t�e sense of material related aspects, as �ell as t�e aest�etical perception of t�em�

��is �ands-on approac� �as only possible t�roug� t�e cooperation �it� t�e forester of t�e City of �allendar,

s�aring �is kno�ledge and inside �ie� into t�e specific situation and allo�ing to inter�ene in t�e scene� �nly

condition to t�is �as to �andle t�e forest in a respectful manner and t�at t�e built structures could be

reassembled �it�out maintaining �arm to t�e forest� t�e intention �as to learn from t�e forest and

understand its �be�a�iour� as a catalyst for e�plorati�e and sustainable design strategies� ��e results �ere

�o�en, bound and easily connected lea�es, branc�es and smaller trunks assembled into atmosp�eric s�elters

and installations, ��ic� directly responded to t�e re�uirements� ��e core of t�e e�ercise lies in t�e perception

of t�e en�ironment and its influence on one�s o�n actions in a practical �ay� ��is �as accompanied by a

dialogue and discussions �it� foresters, �unters, �isitors and �anderers on site�

�perating on a comple�, acti�e en�ironment left traces on all participants� �n one �and, participating students

left a trace in t�e forest and on t�e ot�er, t�e forest e�perience left a trace in t�e consciousness of t�e students

for ecological balance in aest�etical and resource related issues� ��is approac� �as only possible �it� a small

group of participants, but t�e aspiration is, t�at t�roug� t�e ongoing discussions t�is gained kno�ledge is

s�ared in a multiple �ay� to understand t�e forest neit�er as a passi�e material resource, nor recreational

place only, but to get a multifaceted perspecti�e onto it�

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T�� �������� F����� � F����� L�����������

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

D������ T����������: W������� ���� ����� A������ S������� ����

Robin ����GR��D

�n�������on� �tudio �ulkan �andscape Arc�itecture � ��it�erland

Con����� presse�studio�ulkan�c�

����o���� �oo�lan� �ar�� For�st La�oratory� �irport �ar�� �ro��ssual ��si�n� For�stry La�s �s� ���r�ation

�n 201� �tudio �ulkan �on an international competition for t�e ne� park at �uric� Airport, in ��ic� t�e

transformation of t�e �0�000m2 e�isting landscape fragment c�oreograp�s t�e strict la�s of natural and

�oodland protection as central design elements of t�e park� ��e airport is currently being catapulted to one

of t�e most dynamic and dense sites of ��it�erland, �it� t�e ne� 1�0,000 m2 multi-comple� Circle building

from �apanese arc�itect �amamoto surrounding t�e �umble �ill, ironically setting it up as a place of

contemplation for potential t�ousands of daily �isitors and employees�

�n ��it�erland t�e pro�ect is seen as a pioneer in t�e city forest trend, sussing out freedom for recreational

spaces �it�in strict forestry la�s� �n t�e face of rapid densification on t�e urban fringe t�e central �uestion of

t�e �inning design is t�e compatibility of recreation, �oodlands and natural protection� �ur ans�er lies in t�e

c�oreograp�y of t�e site�s in�erent c�aracteristics to become a strongly atmosp�eric e�perience of t�e

comple�, contemporary urban landscape� ��e �ill, a glacier moraine, �as been transformed o�er t�e years by

layerings of e�ca�ation material and artificially implanted ecological measures to form a kind of �edding cake

of artificially natural landscapes� ��e design searc�es to e�press t�is strange compilation of and dialogue

bet�een urban and landscape elements� �it�in t�is design narrati�e t�e e�isting �oodland, planted in 19�0,

is a young, dense and inaccessible, monotone t�icket� �e�ly, t�e �oods must become a multi-tasker, being

redefined to offer ric� e�periences in a process-oriented transformation o�er time�

Anders Busse �ielsen, founder of t�e ��edis� �aldlabor (forest laboratory) and already aboard in t�e

competition team, is pro�ect consultant� ��e transformation of t�e �oods t�roug� �creati�e management� is

no� guided by our �forest team� of biologists, go�ernmental and pri�ate foresters and landscape arc�itects�

Radically ne� for t�e Canton of �uric� are measures suc� as t�e con�ersion from �oodland to �open

�oodland�, allo�ing grass as ground co�er, so�ing perennials in t�e �oods or allo�ing c�osen solitary trees

to unfold in t�eir natural, poetic form�

��e lecture �ill describe t�e analysis of t�is �eterogeneous site, its forest c�allenges, goals and concrete

measures to integrate recreation, imagination, ecology and forest practice construction�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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E������������ ���� ���������� ��� �������������� �� ��� A����� L��������

L���������

�tefan Darlan B�R��

�n�������on� Aar�us �c�ool of Arc�itecture � Denmark

Con����� sdb�aarc��dk

����o���� Lan�s�ap� �r�hit��tur�� Lan�s�ap� La�oratory� ��p�ri��ntation� ��aptation� Trans�or�ation�

�r�an �atur�

��is paper takes its point of departure t�e ne�ly establis�ed Aar�us �andscape �aboratory on Eskelund, a 20

�ectares urban-industrial �oodland placed on a former �aste deposit along t�e Aar�us Ri�er less t�an a

kilometer from t�e city center of Aar�us, Denmark�

��e Aar�us �andscape �aboratory is t�e fift� of its kind in t�e �ordic countries, t�e ot�ers being Alnarp

��sterskog, �noge�olm, �letten and ��ben�a�ns Bysko�, and differs from its fello� landscape laboratories on

t�ree points� Firstly, by being an already establis�ed site �it� e�isting 2�-year old plantings and self-

establis�ed �abitats� �econdly, by �a�ing a deep and profound �istory of transformation o�er time� ��irdly,

related to t�e second point, it is placed in a �ig�ly urban conte�t in t�e larger territory of t�e Aar�us Ri�er

Catc�ment Area (AARCA), ��ic� is undergoing a continued series of transformations caused by ant�ropogenic

processes and urbani�ation�

Apart from incorporating met�ods and approac�es from t�e ot�er landscape laboratories t�is calls for an

e�plorati�e approac� to bot� territory, site and e�periments ��ere (1) adaptation, as in ackno�ledging and

e�ploring t�e potentials of t�e e�isting, and (2) transformation, as in e�ploring t�e continued act of c�ange on

t�e site, bot� play a big role in creating ne� futures for Eskelund�

��is �as been e�plored in t�o �ays� Firstly, by using t�e site as an out-door classroom ��ere arc�itecture

students from t�e Aar�us �c�ool of Arc�itecture �a�e made a series of temporary inter�entions t�at e�plore

and communicate spatial and e�periential aspects of Eskelund� �econdly by using t�e site as a cross-

disciplinary researc� platform for arc�itects, biologists and artists to e�plore ne� urban natures in 1�1� ��o

e�periments are of particular interest (establis�ed 201� and 201�)�

��e first e�periment consists of a ��000m2 transplantation of nutrient poor but biodi�ersity ric� �abitats from

a donor site furt�er do�nstream to Eskelund as a nutrient ric� but biodi�ersity poor recipient site� ��e key

goals of t�e transplantation being to e�plore adaptation of t�e donor site to t�e site-specific conditions of

Eskelund and to in�estigate if and if so �o� t�is adaptation continues in t�e future�

��e second e�periment consists of t�e establis�ment of � � 10 m �ide clearings in a 2�-year old planting �it�

an o�erarc�ing goal to e�plore t�e relations�ip bet�een site �istory, spatial atmosp�eres and potential

increase in biodi�ersity

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T�� H������ F����� � S�����

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

2019

S������ ��2 T�� L�������

F����� En�ironmental

Education

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E������������ ��������� �� ����� ��������� �� ��� R��� ���� ��������

�erena ��E�U��, �atrin �C��E�DER, Corinne BUC� and �eter �E��

�n�������on� Biological �tation �est Ru�rgebiet � Germany

Con����� �erena�nie�uis�bs�r�de, peter�keil�bs�r�de

����o���� �r�an For�st in th� �uhr ��tropolitan �r�a� ��tra�urri�ular L�arnin� �n�iron��nt� ��u�ation �or

Sustaina�l� ����lop��nt

��e urban forest in t�e Ru�r metropolitan area offer as an e�tracurricular learning en�ironment an ideal

setting for action-oriented nature e�perience� �c�oolc�ildren get to kno� and appreciate t�e surroundings of

t�eir urban �uarter� C�ildren are sensiti�ed to t�eir en�ironment and teac�ers are encouraged to do more

teac�ing outside t�e classrooms� ��roug� en�ironmental education in urban forest t�e c�ildren learn �o�

di�erse t�eir en�ironment and t�e urban biotopes are� �o leisure acti�ities beyond �anging around indoors or

to be on t�e internet are made possible and t�ey see urban nature as a �aried enric�ment� ��is allo�s to act

in accordance �it� t�e re�uirements of B�E (Bildung f�r nac��altige Ent�icklung � Education for �ustainable

De�elopment)� E�tracurricular en�ironmental education fa�ours natural science skills, motor skills, language

de�elopment, creati�ity and social skills in t�e group� ��erefore, it is possible to adapt to future c�allenges�

E�ploratory learning in cooperati�e learning units in an e�tracurricular learning en�ironment (industrial

bro�nfields and urban forests) educates at social, communicati�e, inclusi�e and integrati�e le�els� ��n ideas

and e�periences are broug�t in by t�e c�ildren and t�e B��R employees only act as moderators and

supporters� �i� included (integrating disabled c�ildren�inclusion) and integrati�e pro�ects in urban forest �it�

t�e aforementioned en�ironmental pedagogical approac�es are presented� ��ey co�er �idely kno�s sites as

�andsc�aftspark Duisburg �ord as �ell as small industrial, semi-forested areas �it�in settlements or forest

parks and larger forest areas in t�e Ru�r metropolitan area� �c�oolc�ildren of all ages and all types of sc�ool

are addressed�

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A���� ��� ������� �� � �������������� ���������� ������ �� �������������� �� ��� �����

����� �� ����� ����

�li�er BA��E�

�n�������on� �andesbetrieb �ald und �ol� �ordr�ein-�estfalen � Germany

Con����� oli�er�balke��ald-und-�ol��nr��de

����o���� �ons��u�n��s o� an �r�an �ro�in��Spa�� �or S�all �hil�r�n� ����s o� �hil�r�n in th� First ��ars

o� Li��� ����rs an� �����ts o� �n�ustrial For�sts

Su�titl�� ��s�r�ations� �on��rns an� hop�s as an output o� t��nty y�ars in �or�st pra�tis�

�n t�e meantime se�en of ten �uman beings in Germany are li�ing in urban areas� ��e urban li�ing space cause

more and more �ell-kno�n detrimental effects on t�e p�ysical and mental �ealt��

�n t�is conte�t fre�uently t�e gro�n-ups are in t�e center of e�aminations� But enduring conse�uences, at

least for t�e ��ole furt�er life-time, are t�e result of an urban gro�ing-space for small c�ildren after t�eir first

years�

As a key-factor of t�e en�ironmental education in t�e industrial forest pro�ect, up from t�e start in 199�, t�e

kindergarten-groups are �a�ing a �ery particular importance� �ut of ��ic� situation in life does t�e forest

ranger catc� t�ese kids today� ��at are t�e specific offers of an industrial forest �it� focus on t�e needs of

t�ese small patients� �n ��ic� �ay does t�e offered forest e�perience cause direct and long-time influence�

An industrial forest-ranger reports as a practical person on t�ese �uestions�

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G���� L������� E����������� � T������ ���� ���� �������� �������� ��� ����������

�������� �� ��� ������� ����������� ��� �������� ���� ������� ����������� �����

Ur�a ����ARa, �efton B����b, Alyson B����R��Db, �ien CR�M���U�c, �an ��BE�d, Gudrun DE GRAU�Ee,

Rik DE �REE�Ef, �aleri�a E� �ABA���d, �atali�a G��RE�g, E�eline �E��DR�C��e, �ika ���ME���, �ynne

�EDGARDi, �esna M�RE�, �aul ���A��, �ristien ��M�c, �o�ica �E����d, Gregor ��D����, �o �A�ER��, Mar�eta

�M�D�, �erry ���Gi, �eerle C�AE��e, �an �ER�A�ER�k and �ef DE �R�Ek

�n�������on� �lo�enian Forestry �nstitutea, Bluebell �ark �c�oolb � U�� B���c � Belgium� �pecial �c�ool ��ubo

�ercer �o�e��ed � �lo�enia� �int Gregorius Buitenge�oon Basisonder�i�se � Belgium� European Forest �nstitutef

� Bonn� �nstitute for Forest �edagogicsg � �lo�enia� �pecial �c�ool �ela �ane�i�a �kof�a �oka� � �lo�enia� Green

�ane Community �pecial �c�ooli � U�� ��e Mersey Forest� � U�� M��G� �eemsc�ool 1k � Belgium

Con����� ursa��il�ar�go�dis�si

����o���� �atur�� �on�For�al L�arnin�� �hil�r�n� Sp��ial ��u�ational ����s� �ras�us� �ro���t

�laying and learning in forest and nature stimulates t�e imagination, creati�ity and entrepreneurs�ip� Besides,

nature is a great place to gain e�perience for t�e de�elopment of social and motor skills� ��e positi�e impact

of a green learning en�ironment is e�en more significant ��en �orking �it� c�ildren �it� mental disabilities,

learning disorders, attention disabilities (suc� as AD�D) and autism spectrum disorders� �n an informal natural

en�ironment, t�ese c�ildren learn better t�an in a classroom� A green learning en�ironment t�erefore

increases t�eir c�ances in society meaningfully�

�e present t�e results of t�e ERA�MU�� co-funded pro�ect �Green �earning En�ironments � �aking ad�antage

of t�e �timulating Green En�ironment for �on-Formal �earning �it� C�ildren �it� Cogniti�e Disabilities and

�earning Disorders�� �n t�is pro�ect si� specialised sc�ools and four organisations �orking �it� en�ironmental

education from Belgium, U� and �lo�enia e�c�anged kno�ledge, collected and tested t�e best practice in non-

formal learning in t�e natural en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special education needs� For t�is case studies

�ere used and inter�ie�s �it� e�perts from t�e t�ree countries in ��ic� currently t�ere is no standardised

nature-based skills on t�e curriculum�

�e present a compre�ensi�e �oolbo�, de�eloped and tested during t�e pro�ect for teac�ers and educators

�it� 1� acti�ities including useful pictures, pictograms and e�amples for more inspiration� �it� t�is toolbo�,

teac�ers and educators are pro�ided �it� a �ery useful resource to ma�imi�e t�e benefits of forest, greenery

and nature as an informal and po�erful learning en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special education needs�

��e �oolbo� is accompanied by a detailed pedagogical approac� ��ic� contains background information

about t�e ad�antages of a green learning en�ironment for c�ildren �it� special educational needs� �n addition,

a policy brief �as summarised �it� practical recommendations for policymakers, stake�olders, teac�ers and

educators as �ell as organisations �orking �it� en�ironmental education�

������n���

�ttps�������bosplus�be�nl�educatie�e-pro�ecten�green-learning-en�ironments-eng

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V������� ����� ������ �� ���� �� ��������� ������� �� S�������� �������������

Mo�ca �A��RA� and Ale� G���B�

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of ��ubl�ana � �lo�enia

Con����� mo�ca�nastran�bf�uni-l��si

����o���� For�st ���a�o�y� �in��r�art�n T�a�h�rs� �r�an For�st �r���r�n��s� ��u�ational For�st Fun�tion

�rends in c�ildren education ��ic� attribute less importance to direct e�perience in nature, t�e structure of

cities and t�e time pressure on parents and educators �a�e a significant impact on reducing t�e time a c�ild

spends in nature� �utdoor education and forest pedagogy de�eloped in �lo�enia relati�ely late in relation to

ot�er European countries� Urban forests play in forest pedagogy an e�tremely important role, since t�ey are

usually t�e closest natural en�ironment for many c�ildren in�ol�ed in c�ild care programs� �nstitutions suc� as

kindergartens are important in t�e life of c�ildren in t�e pre-sc�ool age, as t�ey spend t�ere a considerable

part of t�eir time� For c�ildren to spend more time in nature, one of t�e useful alternati�es is �isiting t�e forest

�it� t�e kindergarten t�roug� its programs�

�n t�e last decade, forest pedagogy �as been introduced into t�e annual plans of sc�ools and kindergartens in �lo�enia, primarily t�roug� t�e pro�ect �ork� �n 2010, t�e �nstitute for Forest �edagogics �as been establis�ed, ��o initiated t�e �et�ork of Forest �indergartens and �c�ools of �lo�enia in 2014 (�et�ork)� A great factor determining t�e fre�uency, t�e �ay and t�e reason for �isiting t�e forest �it� t�e kindergarten groups is t�e preferences and perceptions of t�e kindergarten teac�ers� �it� t�e sur�ey, �e determine ��ic� factors influence t�e �isit of forests �it�in t�e kindergartens� programs and �o� kindergarten teac�ers percei�e t�e forest as an en�ironment for learning and play� �e compare t�e �ie�s of public kindergartens� teac�ers, ��ic� are included in t�e �et�ork and t�e ones not included� ��ere are some differences in perceptions, ��ic� probably �a�e occurred t�roug� t�e education of teac�ers about forest pedagogy and �it� t�e more fre�uent practice of �isiting t�e forest�

��e sur�ey also obser�ed ��at kind of forest seems to be t�e most appropriate to teac�ers for a �isit �it� a group of c�ildren� �n t�e basis of t�ese findings �e propose areas of urban forest �it� an emp�asi�ed educational function on t�e case study of ��e city of ��ubl�ana, ��ic� s�ould be one of t�e basis for planning and managing urban forests�

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A �C�������� C������� �� ������� ������ ��� ����� �������� � C������� ���������� ��

�������� ��� ������ �������� �� ������� ������ ��� ����� �������� ������ �� ���

������������������� ����� �����

��ao�ua C�E�G, �tep�en ��E��ARD, Deepti Mat�e� ���E, Doris �U�, �ennifer RE�D, �ueyao ��A�G, �op�ia

�A�G, Malinda �A��A�AMGE, �iana G�A��, Amy ��M and Ayan �A��A� AMA�

�n�������on� ��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada

Con����� ��ao�ua�c�eng�ubc�ca

����o���� �li�at� �han��� �r�an For�st� ��p�ri�ntial L�arnin�� �iti��n �n�a����nt an� ��u�ation�

As climate c�ange intensifies and city densifies, many cities are losing t�eir urban forests, t�us many benefits

from urban forests are lost� �n order to restore �ealt�y urban forests, �e not only need t�e public and pri�ate

sectors, but also t�e �silent ma�ority� � regular citi�ens, students and yout� to engage �it� � preser�e our

urban forests� E�idence s�o�s t�at traditional media and science communication met�ods �a�e not been

successful in engaging a broader audience and scaling up action� �nstead, �e need an engaging, interacti�e

process t�at uses place attac�ment, peer s�aring, and e�periential learning to moti�ate collecti�e action�

��e Citi�en�s Coolkit on Climate C�ange and Urban Forestry (�Coolkit� for s�ort) ��ttp���calp�forestry�ubc�ca�

�ome�urban-forestry-toolkit�� is an e�ample of a ne� tool t�at dra�s on t�ese principles to create an

engaging process for building urban forest literacy and climate resilience� Co-created by a group of

researc�ers, uni�ersity students, �ig� sc�ool teac�ers and students, and local citi�ens in �ancou�er, Canada,

Coolkit is a �do-it-yourself� toolkit �it� fun acti�ities to increase people�s a�areness and understanding of

urban forests and climate c�ange, and t�e potential for local impro�ements t�roug� indi�idual�collecti�e

action� �t focuses on t�e micro-neig�bour�ood scale t�at triggers personal connections (e�g� �o� do t�e trees

in my street benefit my family)� it encourages communication and comparison bet�een neig�bours for peer

s�aring and learning (e�g� ��ic� �ouse�old �as t�e �ig�est tree canopy co�er)� �t encourages place-based,

�ands-on acti�ities for e�periential learning t�roug� indoor�outdoor acti�ities (e�g� �o� many trees do � �a�e

on my block)� ��e Coolkit uses compelling �isuals suc� as mapping �it� Google satellite imagery and �isioning

ne� ideas for a greener and more resilient future community�

��e presentation �ill demonstrate some no�el engagement tools in t�e Coolkit and summari�e e�aluation

outcomes from testing �it� more t�an 200 participants in �ig� sc�ools and communities in �ancou�er�

E�aluation results s�o� t�at t�e Coolkit significantly increases user�s a�areness of local climate c�ange and

urban forest issues, benefits of trees, city policies and indi�idual�collecti�e action t�ey can take to green t�eir

community�sc�ool�

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E������������ ��������� ��� ������������� ���������� �� ���������� �����

�yl�ie �A��a and Barry MCG���GA�b

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of �antesa � France� �earning About Forests (�EAF) �nternationalb

Con����� syl�ie�nail�uni�-nantes�fr, barry�fee�global

����o���� �n�iron��ntal ��u�ation� ��t�or�in�� �urop�� �at�h�roup

��e t�eme of t�e �nternational Day of Forests 2019 �ill be � Forests and education �, ��ic� reminds us of t�e

�alue of greening our cities and of educating urban populations into t�e importance of doing so� �t seems t�at

t�e younger and t�e more educated people are, t�e more seriously t�ey take en�ironmental issues and t�e

more t�ey belie�e t�ey can act on t�em (��illips et al�, 201�)� �et, an education on forests, or en�ironmental

issues in general, is not contained in most national curricula and, � ��ilst fe� �ould doubt t�e urgency and

importance of learning to li�e in sustainable �ays, en�ironmental education �olds no��ere near t�e priority

position in formal sc�ooling around t�e �orld t�at t�is �ould suggest � (�almer, 200�)�

��is paper t�us �as a t�o-fold purpose in relation to young people�s en�ironmental education�

First, it �ill present t�e �EAR���G AB�U� F�RE��� (�EAF) programme, a structured approac� to outdoor

learning� �o� it engages students and teac�ers to learn outdoors in nature and e�perience a reconnection to

t�e natural �orld, as �ell as a study of t�e benefits e�posure to nature �as on students� psyc�ology and

learning outcomes� �ffering concrete e�amples from t�e �EAF net�ork to back up an o�er�ie� of t�e

programme and ��at it aims to do, t�is presentation �ill also address t�e scientific basis for outdoor

education and cite �orks �ig�lig�ting t�e importance of contact �it� nature, especially for t�e e�er-increasing

number of c�ildren gro�ing up in urban en�ironments�

�econdly, it �ill present �ork in progress, in t�e form of a recently-designed pro�ect aimed at gi�ing all t�e

students of a uni�ersity an opportunity to learn about en�ironmental c�allenges and good practices in Europe,

so as to be informed and responsible citi�ens� From t�en on, a net�ork of students �ill be de�eloped on t�ese

issues �it� our Erasmus partner uni�ersities all o�er Europe, so as to promote good practices and concretely

de�elop more initiati�es for sustainability in eac� uni�ersity� From t�e information gat�ered, t�e idea is bot�

to pus� all uni�ersities to do more�better, and to create an international communication tool t�at could act

as a �atc�group and a bottom-up instrument to gi�e more �oice to young people on t�ese issues�

������n����

�almer, �oy, 200�� En�ironmental Education in t�e 21st Century� �ondon� Routledge�

��illips, D� et al� (eds�) (201�), Britis� �ocial Attitudes� �ondon� ��e �ational Centre for �ocial Researc��

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��1� � ��1� T�� C��

D�������

F����� Go�ernance

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R����������� �F����� C���� � ��������� �����: C��D����� � I��������� ����� ������ A��

��� C�������� ������������

Caitlin CAMER�� and �eff �AR���G

�n�������on� City of �ortland, Maine - U�A

Con����� ccameron�portlandmaine�go�, �st�portlandmaine�go�

����o���� �o���si�n�� For�st� �ity �r�orist� �aint�nan��� Lo�al �o��rn��nt� �ultural H�rita��� �u�li� �rt�

Spiritual For�st� �rassroots

�ortland, Maine �as gi�en t�e nickname ���e Forest City� in t�e early nineteent� century and �ad a

reputation as a city blessed �it� an abundance of trees� Unfortunately, t�e city�s urban forest �as suffered

o�er t�e years from disease, depletion, and t�e stress from a gro�ing urban en�ironment� �t is difficult in 2019,

to look across t�e skyline and understand ��ere t�e moniker �Forest City� came from� ��e urban forest �as

been impacted by t�e great fire of 1���, rapid de�elopment in t�e 1�00s, Dutc� Elm disease in t�e 19�0s,

urban rene�al efforts in t�e 19�0s, and no�, popularity of t�is �aterfront city �as led to strong and steady

building de�elopment� �ortland is t�e largest city in t�e state of Maine � a rural state ��ere t�e forest

economy continues to be an economic engine, t�oug� t�is, too, is fading in importance compared �it� tourism

and tec� industries� Remarkably, t�is small �istoric city �as �0 miles of trails and green space� t�e City o�ns

and manages roug�ly 20,000 trees on streets and in parks� ��e City struggles to balance t�e 21st century needs

of ne� de�elopment, transportation, utilities, and side�alk and sno� maintenance �it� t�e desire to re-

establis� t�e �Forest City� identity and �eritage� ��ese competing interests �it�in t�e public realm do not

�a�e to be at odds� An inno�ati�e array of efforts are being deployed to re-forest �Forest City�� And t�e City

does not do t�is alone � t�e City�s Forestry Di�ision and t�e �arks Department are aided by community

partners suc� as t�e �ree �rust, �ortland �rails, Friends of Forest City �rees, Culti�ating Community, t�e

�ortland Resilience �ub, t�e public sc�ool system, and t�e �ortland �ublic Art Committee� �n t�is oral

presentation, City of �ortland Urban Designer Caitlin Cameron and City Arborist �eff �arling �ill outline specific

strategies being used by t�e City and community partners to co-design a re�u�enated urban forest for t�e 21st

century� �n a small, �e� England to�n balancing �istoric infrastructure, climate c�ange, and a ne�-found

popularity, t�e urban forest is acti�ely being regenerated �it� public art installations, grassroots food forests,

and tree trusts� ��ere resources are constrained, maintenance and ste�ards�ip is being en�anced �it� G��

tools and partners�ips �it� non-profits and �olunteers� ��roug� partners�ips, t�e community of �ortland is

�orking to ensure t�e urban forest remains a significant feature of our city landscape�

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U���� ����� ����� ��������� ������ �������� ����� ����� ������: A ����������

��������� ��� ���� ������� �� C����

Dan �Ea, b, �u�uan ��Ua, Cecil ������E�D���b and �in�ing BA�a, b

�n�������on� a��e�iang A�F Uni�ersity � C�ina� b��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada

Con����� yedan����sina�com, ��bao��afu�edu�cn

����o���� So�ial �oh�sion� �r�an �r��n Spa��� �l��r ��ults� �oli�y �rran����nt �pproa�h� �ar� ��si�n an�

�ana����nt

�ntroduction

�e�eral studies �a�e s�o�n t�at social co�esion can promote public �ealt� and stimulate urban social

sustainability� �o�e�er, only fe� studies �a�e focused on t�e contributions of urban green space to co�esion

in C�ina, specifically in relation to t�e subgroups suc� as t�e elderly ��o e�perience social e�clusion and

loneliness� Making ma�imum use of urban green space to pro�ide for t�e aged can be an intelligent �ay for

society�

Met�od

��e present study aims to �elp fill t�is gap, building on researc� from �estern countries� �aking a socio-

ecological perspecti�e, a conceptual frame�ork �as de�eloped based on literature re�ie� of contributing

attributes on t�e personal, p�ysical and social le�el� ��is frame�ork �as t�en used to study local parks of

t�ree different scales to e�plore �o� t�ese stimulate social co�esion among t�e elderly in today�s C�ina�

As a first, e�plorati�e use of t�e frame�ork, �bser�ations and semi-structured inter�ie�s �it� 1� elderly park

users �ere carried out in local parks to e�plore be�a�ior (e�g� p�ysical acti�ity, gardening) and perceptions�

�e also used t�e �olicy Arrangement Approac� as a �lens� to analy�e t�e role of t�e parks in building social

co�esion� ��ese �elps re�eal �o� social interaction (bonding and bridging) and place attac�ment�

Results

�ur findings s�o� t�at people like to use �ell-designed spaces, and greening is t�e key factor� �nformal rules

�a�e been establis�ed among actors� Different types of social relations�ips can correspond �it� �arying

acti�ities, ��ic� can affect elder adults� e�periences� �lace attac�ment is linked �it� landscape memory,

be�a�ior �abits as �ell as cultural tradition� �arks can strengt�en t�e connection bet�een t�e elderly and

t�eir city� ��e elderly e�pressed clear needs for park infrastructure to undertake �arious acti�ities�

Discussion � Conclusion

��e de�eloped frame�ork and t�eories from �estern countries can be used in C�ina for furt�er researc�, but

differences need to be taken into account related to, for e�ample, cultural aspects and preferences for specific

types of park design and landmark� ��e ma�ority of t�e inter�ie�ed elderly park users e�pressed a �is� to be

more in�ol�ed in park management, implying t�at a range of co-management practices could be e�plored�

Urban green space can stimulate co�esion among urban elderly, especially for t�ose undertaking acti�ities as

part of a group�

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B������� B������ �� U����������� ��� �������� ��������� ������� ��� �����

���������� ��� ����� ������

Maria �aula Canon BERMUDE�, Marianne Egeborg A�B�GE, Emma ��BE, ��isttmann ��RGE��E�, �ise

���E���EE�, �ulie ��E��E�, �te�en ���G� and ��ra ��MB�R

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Copen�agen � Denmark

Con����� maria�cpb��otmail�com, gsd2�0�alumni�ku�dk, r�c����alumni�ku�dk, gc�4���alumni�ku�dk,

kfp91��alumni�ku�dk, rs���9�alumni�ku�dk, �r��01�alumni�ku�dk ��

����o���� �r�an For�st� �r��n Spa��s� �io�ultural �i��rsity� �ultural Lan�s�ap�s� �o���si�n�� For�st

��is study focuses on �o� urban green areas support social and ecological resilience in t�e social �ousing area

of Urbanplanen in Copen�agen, Denmark� Urbanplanen is �ome to di�erse cultural groups s�aring t�e same

green space and t�erefore t�e �uality and accessibility of t�e green infrastructure is rele�ant and in focus�

Based on spatial analysis and semi-structured inter�ie�s �it� residents and a sur�ey, t�e current social-

ecological interactions in Urbanplanen �a�e been analy�ed� Results of t�e study re�eal t�at green spaces �a�e

become a tool to encourage social and ecological resilience in Urbanplanen� Communal acti�ities �it�in green

space as �ell as incenti�es for acti�e citi�ens�ip aim to preser�e and encourage past and ne� cultural

interactions bet�een social groups and nature� �o�e�er, most of t�ese acti�ities are designed for communal

use of specific groups in Urbanplanen, ��ic� �as led to t�e marginali�ation of young people ��o do not get

in�ol�ed in t�e acti�e management and care for green space� ��ese results �ig�lig�t a need for increased focus

on en�ironmental �ustice, specifically procedural and representati�e aspects of green e�uity�

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����������� ��� �����: A� E���������� �� I�������� I���������� �� ��� C���������

F����� S�����

�ara� FEDERa, b, Elena G�rri� M�F�UDa and Mireia �ecurul B����E�c

�n�������on� aEuropean Forest �nstitute � �pain� b�und Uni�ersity � ��eden� cForest �cience and �ec�nology

Centre of Catalonia � �pain

Con����� sara�lfeder�gmail�com

����o���� ���i�ration� �nt��ration� So�ial �n�lusion� La�our� ���ional ����lop��nt� For�st �ana����nt

As migrations from �it�in and outside of Europe continue to increase steadily, particularly in t�e

Mediterranean region, t�e integration of immigrant populations is one of t�e most pressing issues faced by

many European countries� Alt�oug� t�ere is significant researc� on immigrant integration in urban areas, t�e

settlement and integration of immigrants in rural areas is largely understudied, e�en as gro�ing populations

seek �ork in forestry and agriculture in rural and peri-urban en�ironments� Migration flo�s are s�ifting t�e

dynamics of rural areas, �it� increased mo�ement bet�een urban and rural en�ironments, as �ell as

demograp�ic re�italisation of rural areas t�at �a�e faced decades of social and economic decline�

��is researc� pro�ect seeks to e�plore t�e integration e�periences of foreign �orkers and t�eir employers

�it�in t�e sout�ern European forestry sector� ��roug� a case study in rural and peri-urban areas of Catalonia,

�pain, �e aim to e�amine t�e approac�es employed by immigrants to integrate to t�eir �ost society, t�eir

real-life e�periences �it� integration t�roug� t�eir �ork in t�e forestry sector, and t�eir perceptions of t�e

integration process� ��e study e�amines integration as a multi-dimensional process t�at encompasses fi�e

o�erall areas� personal, social, economic, political, and spatial� ��ese fi�e dimensions �ere identified by a

conceptual modelling process based on an e�tensi�e systematic re�ie� of integration literature across

disciplines� including geograp�y, migration studies, political science, sociology, and psyc�ology� ��ic� �ill

also be a key output of t�is researc� pro�ect�

��e results of t�is researc� could be central to informing forest users, policymakers, and future researc� on

topics of immigrant integration policies and t�e role of immigrant labour in t�e forest sector� it may also �a�e

implications for �olistic regional de�elopment planning� Furt�ermore, t�e influence of ne� mo�ements in

European forestry to�ard climate-adapted and socially conscious met�ods could e�tend t�is researc� to

address social, economic, and en�ironmental resilience across t�e Mediterranean region, �it� implications for

all of Europe�

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A������� ��� U���� F�����

Anna ��E�D�E

�n�������on� �nstitute of Urban �andscape Management � Germany

Con����� anna�steidle�urban-landscape-management�com

����o���� �r�an For�st� ���o�a�y For �r�an For�st� �r�an Transition� �iti��n�s �arti�ipation� �nt��ration o�

Sta��hol��rs� ����ptan�� o� �r�an Transition

�orld is c�anging and urban areas are c�anging� ��e urban transition needs ad�ocacy for Urban Forest and

ad�ocacy ad�ertising to make UF part of t�e City �lanning and part of li�able cities�

�t s�ould be a common kno�ledge t�at Cities need trees� �o�e�er, to make t�e urban transition sustainable

t�e cooperation of policymakers, stake�olders and t�e public is re�uired�

�rofessional circles (e�g� City �lanners, �andscape Arc�itects, Urban Foresters) all o�er t�e �orld are looking

to ��mart Cities�� E�g� t�e City of Munic��Germany ��ere (among ot�ers) t�o pro�ects of urban transition are

�ust in t�e focus� �ne pro�ect is ��marter �oget�er�� ��e EU Commission �as c�osen Munic�, �yon and �ienna

to pilot ground-breaking smart city solutions� �t is turning Munic� into a laboratory for t�e European city of

t�e future, as local go�ernment collaborates closely �it� numerous partners in t�e business and academic

communities�

��e researc� pro�ect �ill ans�er t�e �uestion� ��at are t�e interests of policymakers, stake�olders and t�e

public� ��at do citi�ens li�ing in t�e area kno� about t�e future of t�eir neig�bour�ood� �o� could citi�ens�

participation be impro�ed in order to increase t�e acceptance of bot� pro�ects� ��at can �e learn for t�e

future to increase t�e cooperation bet�een policymakers, stake�olders and t�e public�

First results s�o� t�at t�e cooperation bet�een t�e policymakers, stake�olders and t�e public is poor�

Alt�oug� t�ere is a lot of citi�ens� participation, t�e concerns of people li�ing in t�e area are not taken

seriously, at least people do not feel t�at t�eir concerns are considered� ��is could be a risk for t�e acceptance

and t�e implementation of t�e ��ole process�

�t�er results and obser�ation �ill be presented �it� t�e �ope to impro�e t�e citi�ens� participation in ot�er

pro�ects of urban transition and to establis� Urban Forest�

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G��������� �� ��� ����� ������ �� ���������� A��������: ���� ����� ���������� ��

������������ ������

Camilo �RD��E�, �tep�en ���E��E�, Da�e �E�DA� and Carag� ��RE�FA��

�n�������on� ��e Uni�ersity of Melbourne � Australia

Con����� camilo�ordone��unimelb�edu�au

����o���� �r�an Sustaina�ility� �nstitutions� �o��rn��nt� �atur���as�� Solutions

��e successful go�ernance of urban forests depends on �o� municipalities address fragmentation across a

metropolitan urban area� Metropolitan areas are usually fragmented in many municipalities, eac�

c�aracteri�ed by �arying le�els of e�pansion of urban p�ysical elements and institutional c�aracter� For

e�ample, t�e city of Melbourne, Australia, one of t�e �2 municipalities in t�e Melbourne metropolitan area,

is a �orld-reno�ned case study of urban forest planning, and is leading an effort to design and implement a

metropolitan-�ide urban forest strategy� Many municipalities across t�e Melbourne metropolitan area

participate in t�is initiati�e and no� �a�e ambitious targets and tree-planting initiati�es to increase tree-

canopy co�er� ��e success of t�is initiati�e is greatly influenced by t�e decisions municipal managers make

about urban forests and �o� t�ey understand and facilitate go�ernance processes, suc� as t�e coordination

of policies and stake�olders� ��ere is currently no clear understanding of �o� municipal managers do t�is at

a metropolitan scale� �e seek to ans�er t�ese �uestions using a frame�ork of go�ernance and empirical data

sourced t�roug� inter�ie�s and sur�eys from municipal managers in�ol�ed in making decisions about urban

forests in �arious municipalities across t�e metropolitan area of Melbourne� ��ese data �ere analysed to

understand decision-making priorities and t�e underlying structure of go�ernance processes in different types

of municipalities, in order to understand �o� municipalities coordinate t�eir efforts at a metropolitan scale�

�e discuss �o� are findings can s�ed lig�t on t�e go�ernance of urban forests�

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��������� ������� ���������� �� GI ��� ����� �������� � ������������� ���

���������� �������� �� NRW

�an ����E�EAD

�n�������on� �nstitute for �andscape Arc�itecture, R��� � Germany

Con����� ian�canoe�aol�com

����o���� �iti��n �arti�ipation� �� an� �r�an For�st �o��rnan��� �otto� up �na�lin� �ro��ss�s� ��r�any

an� S�otlan�

��is paper summarises researc� undertaken in t�e Aac�en City Region of Germany to e�aluate t�e e�tent of

local bottom up initiati�es rele�ant to t�e management of urban forests and G�� �t seeks to understand �o�

t�ese pro�ects are supported and ��at barriers e�ist to successful citi�en participation�

��e management and implementation of urban forestry and green infrastructure �it�in Germany is generally

undertaken t�roug� top do�n processes by go�ernmental bodies acting on be�alf of local citi�ens� Citi�en

participation may t�erefore be limited in scope to acti�ities suc� as state organised tree planting or specific

management acti�ities� Mec�anisms for in�ol�ement of citi�ens in �ider decision making roles are

conse�uently less de�eloped and are �indered by a rigid di�ision of go�ernance functions�

A series of case studies �ere e�amined in detail from across Aac�en City Region using G�� analysis, structured

inter�ie�s, literature searc�es and site assessments to consider aspects of pro�ect deli�ery, go�ernance and

structure� ��e results �ere compared t�roug� use of a structured comparison frame�ork, ���� analysis,

radar c�arts and stake�older mapping� �ey t�emes �ere identified including positi�e and negati�e learning

points from eac� case study� A number of statutory agencies and mentoring bodies �ere also inter�ie�ed to

determine t�eir role in terms of pro�iding support to groups�

Discussion is presented on t�e effecti�eness of t�e selected case studies and on ��at needs to be done to

furt�er support participati�e approac�es in �R�� t�is could include ne� legislati�e mec�anisms, financial

incenti�es, policy instruments and t�roug� t�ird sector mentoring organisations� Comparisons are also made

�it� �cotland, using e�isting case study material, ��ere more enabling approac�es to G� and urban forestry

are no� mainstreamed�

�n summary, it is suggested �o� support structures in �R� mig�t e�ol�e to more effecti�ely facilitate and

en�ance t�e role of bottom up community initiati�es� ��is mig�t include de�elopment of en�anced enabling

capacity �it�in statutory aut�orities, increased cross sector and partners�ip �orking, a greater role for t�e

t�ird sector, financial incenti�es, policy instruments and deli�ery of multifunctional outcomes�

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B������ ��� �������� ��� U���� G���� � A ����������� ���� ����� �� V����� ���

������

�ena �U�DER���

�n�������on� E�� �uric� � ��it�erland

Con����� lena��student�et���c�

����o���� �r�an �r��n� �r�an �r��n �ana����nt� �r�an �r��n �oli�y� �i�nna� �uri�h

��it�erland is a �ery blank spot on t�e map of Urban Forestry� At t�e moment its cities are small and maybe

t�e need for green spaces in urban settlements is not �ery urgent, because citi�ens are out in t�e green in no

time� �till t�e cities are gro�ing and �it� climate c�ange Urban Green �paces must become more important

to pro�ide a li�eable city climate� But �uric�, t�e biggest ��iss city �it� around 400�000 in�abitants, �ust �oted

to replace a �uge green space in t�e city by a football stadium� ��is case study s�o�s t�e barriers and

incenti�es to Urban Green by comparing �uric� to �ienna� �ienna, being t�e capital of ��it�erland�s neig�bour

Austria, got elected t�e most li�eable city in t�e �orld, also because of its immense amount of Urban Green�

��ere are institutional differences bet�een t�e t�o cities and t�e t�o countries� ��e main being t�e fact t�at

��it�erland is a federal semi-direct democracy, ��ereas Austria is a federal parliamentary republic� Also

�ienna is bigger t�an �uric�, �a�ing 1�� Million in�abitants� By comparing t�ese differences and setting t�em

in relation to t�e differences in Urban Green strategies, reasons for t�is difference can be e�aluated� ��e focus

lies on t�e strategies for Urban Green �paces in ne�ly urbani�ed areas on t�e perip�eries of t�e cities� A

comparison of t�e t�o cases e�en allo�s to see ��at mig�t c�ange and if or �o� t�ese t�o cities can learn

from eac� ot�er�

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C������� �� ��T��� E�������� U���� F����� ���������� T������: T������ ��T���

������� ���� C�������A������� ��������� �������� ���������� ���������� ���

������� ��� S���� U���� F�����

�aomi ��RC�ER

�n�������on� Arbor Aegis � ��it�erland

Con����� treerap�sprintmail�com

����o���� �r�an For�stry� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� ��Tr����o� Spatial ����lop��nt� ��st �ana����nt� �ra�ti��s

��it�erland, in de�eloping strategies to deal �it� t�e impact of a c�anging climate, �as �isely c�osen to focus

on urban green and blue spaces in its scope and �as a�arded a grant to t�e submitted i-�ree Eco pro�ect,

modeled in � di�erse ��iss cities�

Gi�en t�e demands of spra�ling spatial de�elopment, t�e impact suc� de�elopment inflicts on t�e

en�ironment and t�us, t�e public�s �ealt� and �ell-being, combined �it� an inade�uate implementation of

Urban Forestry protocols and Best Management �ractices, it �as necessary to frame i-�ree �it�in a muc�

larger conte�t� ��e resulting pro�ect presents ne� and e�perimental planning, design and management

strategies from an Ecosystem �er�ices perspecti�e�

��is current undertaking uses i-�ree outputs - t�e �uantifying of today�s tree-related Ecosystem �er�ices (E�)

- and in�ests t�at data into an Urban Forest Management �oolbo�, enabling Climate C�ange adapti�e ��iss

Cities of tomorro��

�n addition to�

�� translation of i-�ree Manuals into German and Frenc�,

�� de�elopment of a multi-language i-�ree Eco �Field C�eat ��eet�,

�� training in t�e i-�ree Eco application and data collection,

Urban Forest �oolbo� met�odologies, based on city-specific analyses, �ill�

�� elucidate t�e use of i-�ree outputs as a foundation for creati�e, E�-oriented solutions to planning and

managing an adapti�e ��iss Urban Forest�

�� incenti�i�e increasing mature tree canopy by gro�ing t�e e�isting Urban Forest � Forest resource�

�� increase professional, decision-maker and t�e public�s understanding of t�e climate-rele�ant E�

�er�ices pro�ided by a �ealt�y, �iable tree resource t�roug� inno�ati�e communication tools�

�� de�elop actionable strategies to reali�e a resilient and sustainable Urban Forest Ecosystem�

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������������� ���������� ���������� �� ����� ��� ���������� ������� �� ��� D�����

������ �URB���DAN ��������

Robert �������a, �uri� ��BEb, Dragan MA���A���a, �ina ��M�����a, �uka �E�E�b

�n�������on� a�lo�enian Forest �er�ice� bCity of ��ubl�ana � �lo�enia

Con����� robert��ostnik��gs�si, �uri�kobe�l�ubl�ana�si, dragan�mati�asic��gs�si, tina�simoncic��gs�si, luka�sesel�l�ubl�ana�si�uri��

����o���� �r�an For�st �ana����nt� �anu�� ���ion� �arti�ipation

��e presentation deals �it� t�e ne� initiati�e of t�e URBforDA� pro�ect, a partners�ip of se�en cities in t�e

Danube region �it� population of �,� mio, �� km2 of urban forests and 1� mio �isitors per year� ��e City of

��ubl�ana (�lo�enia) as leading partner �as broug�t toget�er cities of Budapest (�ungary), Clu�-�apoca

(Romania), �ienna (Austria), �agreb (Croatia), Belgrade (�erbia) and ��ano-Franki�sk (Ukraine)� �oget�er �it�

associated partner cities of �odgorica (Montenegro), �ara�e�o (Bosnia and �er�ego�ina) and �rague (C�ec�

Republic) t�e partners�ip includes 10 countries and � capital cities�

All cities face similar c�allenges� All manage substantial urban forest areas �it�in t�eir city limits, ��ic� attract

many users (citi�ens, tourists) and many stake�olders (managers, o�ners, interest groups)� �ncreasing number

of users of urban and peri-urban forests in Danube cities, di�erse acti�ities implemented in t�em and

increasing demand for �green tourism� in urban areas indicate, t�at forests potentials �it�in city limits, as

�ell as its ecosystem ser�ices, are currently far underestimated� �n t�e ot�er �and, uncoordinated

management, increasing pressures and conflicts bet�een key actors t�reaten t�ese important but �ulnerable

natural �abitats to t�e point, ��ere some of t�em are being se�erely affected�

��e pro�ect is based on participatory approac� in t�e conte�t of �oint de�elopment of integrated management

plans elaborated specifically for urban forest areas� �t focuses on t�e collaboration among key actors (local

public aut�orities, forest managers, forest lando�ners, forest users and �isitors, e�perts and non-

go�ernmental organi�ations), especially on t�eir acti�e participation in pro�ect acti�ities and actions�

��e pro�ect is introducing participatory integrated management of urban forests, including de�elopment of a

proposal of financial compensation model for lando�ners� �t �ill deli�er a ne� type of �ntegrated Multi-use

Management �lans (�MM�) on t�e strategic and operational le�el� ��ile strategic parts are targeting a �ider

area of urban forests of eac� city, operational parts �ill be prepared for pre-selected focus areas to resol�e

t�eir specific c�allenges� ��e ���ERREG pro�ect URBforDA� includes also implementation of t�e operational

plans �it� installation of urban forest e�uipment in � focus areas to resol�e conflicts and support ne�

sustainable de�elopment opportunities�

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C�������� ���������� ��� ������ ����������� �� ����� �������� E�������� S������� �

���� ����� �� ������ ���� � ��� ����� ����� �� ������� ������

Monika ���C�E�a , E�a ��ED�ARC���a, �arolina ���BA-�U�A���a, �iotr �����a, �atar�yna BA��RE�-

��DR��b and �inga ��ER��E�b

�n�������on� a�nstitute of Forest Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, Uni�ersity of Agriculture, �rako�

� �oland� b�roGea 4D � �oland

Con����� monika�inc�ek�gmail�com, e�asiedlarc�yk�gmail�com

����o���� �r�an �r��n�ry� Hu�an ��ll���in�� So�ial �arti�ipation� ��Tr�� ��o� �ir �ollution� �ar�on

S��u�stration� ��oi��� �un����

As �umans, �e undeniably depend on nature� �n our urbani�ed �orld, urban �egetation is often t�e only

e�pression of nature in people�s e�eryday li�es� According to scientific predictions, t�e trend of urbani�ation

�ill continue� ��erefore, it seems e�ident t�at t�e role of urban greenery in our, urban d�ellers, li�es

increases� �o s�ould do our a�areness and kno�ledge�

�arious forms of urban green infrastructure � parks, street trees, boule�ards, gardens etc�, are kno�n as urban

forests, despite t�eir differences from �ast areas of �oodland, commonly associated �it� t�e term of forest�

�umerous functions performed by urban forests are kno�n as ecosystem ser�ices (E�) and range from impact

on microclimate of cities to spiritual e�periences�

��e aim of t�is paper is to e�aluate E� pro�ided by �ig� �egetation (trees) of �lanty �ark (�rako�, �oland),

in�estigate purposes and moti�ations of �isitors of t�e park and compare bot� scientific and social aspects of

t�e role of urban forests in cities�

For t�e E� e�aluation, t�e �-�ree Eco soft�are �as used, �it� a complete in�entory dataset from M����-A�R

pro�ect as an input� ��e sur�ey of �isitors included �uestions regarding reasons be�ind �isits, importance of

park�s functions and social participation� �t �as aimed at t�e social perspecti�e of an impact of �lanty as an

urban green infrastructure on its �isitors�

Based on t�e tree in�entory (R��REE� database o�ned by Urban Greenery Aut�ority of �rako�) of �lanty �ark

(21��� �a) �e found t�at 2,1�� trees (mainly ���r platanoi��s� Tilia �or�ata and ��s�ulus hippo�astanu��

stored 1,����� t of carbon, remo�ed 0��� t of air pollutants and at t�e same time contributed to 990�11 m� of

a�oided run-off� ��e total �alue of ecosystem ser�ices taken into consideration in �lanty �ark, calculated for

201� �as in total 21,4�9�4� EUR (9�9� EUR per tree)�

�resented �ork is �ust a small step to�ard a full understanding of t�e comple�ity of urban forests� role in t�e

contemporary �orld� Furt�er �ork including direct measurements on trees and t�eir surrounding is needed

to �iden scope and impro�e accuracy of suc� researc��

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D���� C��� T����: E������� ��������� �� R���� D���� C����� ��� ����� I����� �� ���

R������� A����� ��� U���� F�������

Ren� �A� DER �E�DE

�n�������on� Delft Uni�ersity of �ec�nology � ��e �et�erlands

Con����� ��r�t��ander�elde�tudelft�nl

����o���� �hin� ��lta �iti�s� �r�an For�stry� ��s�ar�h ���n�a� �li�at� ��aptation� Sustaina�l� �n�r�y�

�ir�ular ��ono�y� �o�ility ���olution� ���lo��ration

R�ine Delta cities demonstrate particular patterns, features and details of urban green space, of ��ic� trees

and �oodlands form �istorically critical components� Urban green spaces in Dutc� lo�land cities are s�aped

by t�e specific abiotic and biotic conditions of lo�land landscapes, and by planning and design practices

responding to ongoing de�elopments in t�e tec�nological, en�ironmental and societal realm� Rapid

de�elopments in t�ese realms �o�e�er, are e�pected to radically impact on t�e agency of urban forestry, �it�

bot� positi�e and negati�e conse�uences� An ade�uate o�er�ie� of t�ese de�elopments is needed to frame

future directions of t�e discipline, in relation to t�e e�isting body of kno�ledge and directions for future

researc�� �n t�e conte�t of Dutc� lo�land cities, e�tensi�e impacts are e�pected from climate adaptation, t�e

transition to sustainable energy and a circular economy, t�e anticipated re�olution in mobility and

transportation, and patterns of agglomeration� ��e current body of kno�ledge on urban forestry in t�e

�et�erlands is currently insufficiently elaborated to deal �it� t�ese de�elopments in a proacti�e �ay, suc�

t�at it is unlikely t�at t�e full potential of trees and �oodlands �ill be reali�ed during t�e anticipated

transformation of urban territories cataly�ed by t�ese de�elopments�

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W������ ��������: E���������� ���� �� ����������������� ����� ������ ��������

������� �� B������� I���� ��������

Andre� ��EA�, �ilary �����, �tefan �ERBE, Dorot�y ����, �usanne E��E� and �eonardo M���AG�A��

�n�������on� Free Uni�ersity of Bo�en-Bol�ano, U��B� � �taly

Con����� Andre�Francis��peak�unib��it, �ilary�solly�unib��it

����o���� �nt�r�is�iplinary� Th�r�al �o��ort� Tr�� Sha��� So�ial S�i�n��� Sta��hol��rs� �r��nspa��

�ana����nt� ��st �ra�ti��

��e multiple ecosystem ser�ices and disser�ices of urban forests are recei�ing muc� attention from

researc�ers and practitioners �orld�ide� �n particular, t�e positi�e and negati�e impacts of urban green on

�uman �ealt� is rapidly gaining importance� At t�e Free Uni�ersity of Bo�en-Bol�ano (� �taly, �out�ern Alps),

a collaborati�e researc� group of t�e greenC���E� pro�ect �as been set up to in�estigate urban forests from an

interdisciplinary perspecti�e� ��e group comprises landscape ecologists, p�ysical geograp�ers, economists,

sociologists and ant�ropologists� ��e ob�ecti�es are to address t�e impact of trees on t�e city�s climate and

t�e t�ermal comfort of in�abitants, �uantify t�e impact of trees on �ouse prices, assess t�e �istorical

greenspace practices, and re�eal t�e present-day perceptions and use of greenspace by tourists and residents�

�n addition, t�e e�periences, met�odologies, and e�pertise of t�e different group members �ill feed into

interesting interdisciplinary outputs� A key aspect of t�e pro�ect is t�e in�ol�ement of multiple stake�olders

from t�e city � arc�itects, acti�ists, greenspace managers, artists and council representati�es - �ia a �orks�op�

�ere �e present our e�periences so far, including t�e results of t�e stake�older �orks�op, t�e different

met�odologies used to researc� t�e urban forest including t�e use of a smartp�one app, arc�i�al p�oto

elicitation, and participatory mapping� �e also present some preliminary results regarding t�e cooling effects

of tree s�ade�

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E��������� ����������� ��� ������� �������� ��������� �������� �� ����� �����

������������� � ���� ����� ���� �� ������� C������ ��������

�il�i�a �RA��ER ������, Martina �����, Ana Mari�a MAR�� and Di�ana �U�E���

�n�������on� Croatian Forest Researc� �nstitute � Croatia

Con����� sil�i�ak�sumins��r, martinak�sumins��r, anamari�sumins��r, di�ana��sumins��r

����o���� �ultural ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �iss�r�i��s� �r�an �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� ��r��ptions� Fo�us �roups�

�arti�ipatory �appin�� �ity o� �a�r��

Gro�ing body of e�idence links urban green infrastructure (G�) and �uality of life of residents� �it� pre�alence

of cultural landscapes in Europe, demand for cultural ecosystem ser�ices increases as �ell� Cultural ecosystem

ser�ices are defined as �t�e nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems t�roug� spiritual

enric�ment, cogniti�e de�elopment, reflection, recreation, and aest�etic e�periences�� ��ere is also

increasing demand for including public in decision making related to planning and management of urban G��

�articipatory mapping of cultural ecosystem ser�ices aims to collect information on �o� people percei�e t�ese

ser�ices and disser�ices from urban G� in a �ay t�at it can be linked to specific location and assessed� ��is

e�ercise �elps identifying and �uantifying cultural ecosystem ser�ices linked to particular type of G� t�at later

ser�es as an input for planning and management� �n t�is particular study mi�ed met�odology is used to

identify, �uantify and map cultural E� and disser�ices from urban G� based on public perception, e�plore ��at

affects t�e perception, and to gi�e recommendation on �o� to include results of participatory mapping in

current planning and management of urban G�� ��e study �ill be conducted in t�e city of �agreb, t�e largest

city in Croatia �it� a t�ree-�uarter million population� First p�ase includes series of focus groups �it�

residents in eac� city district t�at �ould ser�e as orientation and input for t�e second p�ase, a �ebG�����G��

sur�ey� �ince �e are still in t�e first p�ase of t�e study, �e �ill s�o� results of se�eral focus groups �it�

residents� ��e benefit of t�e study is t�at it aims to grasp �arious cultural ecosystem ser�ices and disser�ices

of urban G� and it is focused on entire city area, not only one particular park or forest� �t includes and goes

beyond recreational ser�ices, as t�e most studied cultural ecosystem ser�ice, and focuses as �ell on t�ose

t�at are not often used in similar studies�

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S������ ����� ��� ������� ������� E�������� ����� �� ������� ����� ������

���������� ���� E����� ��� C����� ��������

�op�ie ������A����a and �adine GA��Eb

�n�������on� a��e Uni�ersity of Britis� Columbia � Canada� bUni�ersity College Dublin � �reland

Con����� snito�mail�ubc�ca

����o���� S�art �iti�s� S�art For�sts� Sustaina�ility� �r�an T��hnolo�y� ��olo�i�al �n�in��rin�

��ere is no doubt t�at people in cities connect �it� trees, and it is no� time to consider �o� trees mig�t

connect - literally - to people� E�idence �as repeatedly s�o�n t�e importance of green infrastructure for urban

li�ability and resilience� ��mart cities� are also increasingly part of urban sustainability discourses, and �a�e

been touted as a promising, albeit still relati�ely unkno�n, model for en�ancing municipal ser�ices and assets�

�o�el financing mec�anisms, tec�nological inno�ation, and uncon�entional go�ernance sc�emes are

disrupting business as usual, and t�e long-term repercussions for public green space management remain to

be seen� As �smart city� and green infrastructure planning can be mutually beneficial, it is timely to consider

��et�er and to ��at e�tent urban forests can become �smarter� as �e look to ma�imi�e green benefits in our

cities�

�e outline �o� smart city trends and related tec�nologies �a�e been and can be applied to urban forestry

and green space planning, and propose no�el definitions for �smart� urban forests and �smart� urban forest

management� Current case studies and �smart� pro�ects from Europe and Canada re�eal a focus on open data

and citi�en engagement, particularly t�roug� t�e use of mobile de�ices, applications (�apps�), and open-

source mapping platforms� ��ere is also gro�ing interest in data loggers and sensor net�orks, big data

analytics, and ci�ic inno�ation spaces� �e posit t�at a promising approac� to �smart� urban forest

management focuses on bot� t�e potential of digital infrastructure to en�ance forest benefits and t�e

facilitation of citi�en ste�ards�ip and empo�erment in green space planning�

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S���� U���� F����� ��������

�illem DE FE���ERa and Mark B�DEb

�n�������on� a�tadsbos�ac�ter � ��e �et�erlands� b�olfpack, �ab for t�e �e�t Economy � ��e �et�erlands

Con����� stadsbos�ac�ter�gmail�com��

����o���� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� ��n��its o� Tr��s� �r�an For�st �ana����nt� �usin�ss �o��l� �nt�rn�t o�

Thin�s� �lo���hain

More t�an �0 years of reasearc� �as gi�en us lots of insig�ts in t�e beneftis of trees� ��e range of benefits and

t�e effects of t�ese benefits are �uge� And so is t�e �alue of t�ese benefits� �ools suc� as �-tree gi�e insig�t in

t�e �alue of t�e benefits� �it� t�ese insig�ts in t�e �alue of t�e urban forest most pro�ect end� For t�e �mart

Urban Forest t�is is t�e startingpoint� ��e first part of �mart Urban Forest is �ar�esting t�e benefits of trees�

�it� traditional and ne� business models �e �ar�est t�e benefits� By doing so �e �ant to e�pand urban

forests, raise a�areness and create ne� relations bet�een t�e urban forest and its in�abitants� �e�

tec�nologies suc� as �o� and blockc�ain �ill be an enabler for t�e businessmodels�

��e second part of t�e �mart Urban Forest is about est�etics� Most trees in t�e urban en�ironment are planted

for est�etical reasons� �rees are planted follo�ing a landscape design or ci�il engineering pro�ect� Because of

est�etics most trees are in places �ere gro�ing conditions are not optimal� ��at if �e �ould focus on t�e

benefits of trees instead of est�etics only� Could �e optimi�e t�e benefits �it� urban forestry design� By

doing so, �e could be making t�e best of green spaces in cities and at t�e same time reduce costs for planting

and maintenance�

�mart Urban Forest is a �oint effort of �illem de Fei�ter � o�ner of �tadsbos�ac�ter (Urban Forester) and

Mark Bode � business partner of �olfpack, �ab for t�e �e�t Economy� Bot� companies are based in Rotte

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S������ ��2 T�� C��

��������

F����� Management

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S������� ������ ������� ��� ������������� �� ��T��� ������� ��� ������������� ���

��������� �������� �� ������� ��� ���������� ����� �����

Ee�a-Maria �U��A�E�a, Miia M�����R�a, b, �nkeri �A��b, Anu R�����E�b, Ariele C����c, �eena ���DE�b, Aki

M�������c, Minna �ER��d, �u�a RA����d, Mari �A����f, �eli �U�R��AM��g and �imo �����g

�n�������on� a�atural Resources �nstitute Finland (�uke)� bUni�ersity of �elsinki � Finland� cUni�ersit�

�olitec�nica delle Marc�e � �taly� dCity of �urku � Finland� eCity of �elsinki� � Finland� fCity of �ori � Finland� gCity of �ampere � Finland

Con����� ee�a-maria�tu�kanen�luke�fi, miia�manttari��elsinki�fi

����o���� Tr�� �n��ntory� �ar�on Stora��� �ar�on S��u�stration� Stor��at�r� �ir �ollution� Tr�� �o��r� Tr��

Sp��i�s �i��rsity

Urban trees pro�ide se�eral ecosystem ser�ices t�at impro�e t�e �ealt� and �ell-being of in�abitants, support

t�e biodi�ersity of ot�er species groups and increase t�e resilience of urban en�ironment�

�n Finland, ecosystem ser�ices of urban trees are being studied in �elsinki, �urku, �ampere and �ori� �e focus

on carbon se�uestration and storage, air pollution remo�al and a�oided storm�ater runoff and model t�eir

amount and �alue by using i-�ree soft�are and in�entory data of city trees� �e �ill also describe t�e structure

of urban tree population, like tree co�er, species composition and t�eir relati�e importance�

�ur goals are to communicate t�e en�ironmental benefits of urban trees to decision-makers, planners and

in�abitants and to increase t�e general understanding of t�e effects of trees on t�e �ealt� and �ell-being in

a built en�ironment� �pecifically, t�e effects of tree species di�ersity on t�e resistance and resilience of city

tree population to abiotic and biotic disturbances �ill be studied, and related to t�e long-term ability of urban

trees to pro�ide ecosystem ser�ices� ��e structure and amount of urban tree population �ill be studied as

�ell and considered ��ic� kind of indicators �ould be applicable to set targets for t�e amount of trees in a

city, e�g� tree co�er percentage�

�n t�e four Finnis� cities, e�isting city tree databases �ill be used as data sets for modelling� �n addition to t�at,

additional tree in�entories �ill be done� �n �elsinki, a plot in�entory according to t�e i-�ree met�od �as

performed in 201�, �it� 200 researc� plots� �n �urku, a large and old park in t�e Finnis� scale �as selected as

a case study and tree in�entory �as done in 201�� �n �ori and �ampere, additional in�entories �ill be

performed in 2019�

�n t�e cities, t�e special need is to communicate t�e benefits of urban trees gro�ing on public land in densely

built areas, as t�ose trees need t�e �ig�est input for maintenance, are most t�reatened ��en t�e space gets

limited and on t�e ot�er �and, are essential for �ell-being of t�e �abitants li�ing in city centers� ��ese needs

�a�e to be considered ��en sampling for i-�ree modelling, as t�e sampling met�od affects t�e applicability of

results for communicating�

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T�� ���� �� �������� ���������� �� ����������� ��� ����� ������ �� H������� C�����

�essica �U����� and �eter DU���ER

�n�������on� Dal�ousie Uni�ersity � Canada

Con����� �essica��uinton�dal�ca

����o���� �ana����nt� ����t�ry� �r�an For�st� �ana�a� �r��nspa��

��e disposal of �uman remains is bot� a sanitary and spiritual concern� ��e Canadian approac� to t�e

interment of remains �as �istorically relied on burial in go�ernment, pri�ate, family, and religiously-affiliated

cemeteries� Demand for burial plots �as increased despite t�e gro�ing trend of cremation, and cemeteries

across t�e �orld are running out of room (McManus 201�)� ��e s�ortage of burial space �as led to �uestions

about t�e financial �iability and en�ironmental sustainability of Canadian cemeteries�

�o�e�er, cemeteries can play a role in t�eir community beyond interment� �f particular interest is t�e role of

urban cemeteries as �green space� to support biodi�ersity, recreation, and restoration� �o�e�er, cemeteries

are not necessarily managed to pro�ide t�ese additional functions�

��is study e�amined ten cemeteries in �alifa�, �o�a �cotia, Canada to determine t�e contribution t�ey make

to t�e urban forest t�roug� a complete in�entory of t�eir trees� Determination of t�e potential future of t�e

cemeteries �as done t�roug� an in�entory of t�e spots ��ere trees could t�eoretically be planted, as �ell as

by e�amining si�e-class data from t�e tree in�entory� ��e role of cemetery management in t�e

maintenance�planning of t�eir trees �as assessed, along �it� determining ��et�er tree planting �ad recently

occurred, using inter�ie�s�

��e ten cemeteries �ad relati�ely �ig� species ric�ness and percent canopy co�er, suggesting t�ey make an

important contribution to t�e �alifa� urban forest� �o�e�er, fe� �ad recently planted trees� Regenerating

gro�t� �as mainly found in small, unmaintained, dense areas, suggesting little potential for t�e natural

maintenance of cemetery tree co�er� ��er 2000 spots �ere found in ��ic� ne� trees could be planted,

indicating potential for cemeteries to maintain and e�en e�pand t�eir tree co�er� ��e inter�ie�s identified key

issues suc� as limited financing, s�ort-term planning, and a lack of consideration gi�en to cemetery trees�

��e data indicate t�at cemeteries in �alifa� currently make an important contribution to t�e city�s urban

forest� �o�e�er, t�is contribution is t�reatened by t�e older age of many cemetery trees, t�e lack of ne� tree

planting or regenerati�e gro�t�, and t�e lack of attention gi�en to t�is issue by cemetery management� Gi�en

t�e �ide range of benefits pro�ided by trees in urban settings, steps s�ould be taken no� to ensure t�at urban

cemetery tree populations are maintained into t�e future�

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������ ���������� ��������� �������� ������� � � GIS������ �������� �� C��������

U���� F������

�ule ��E�MA�

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Applied Forest �ciences Rottenburg � Germany

Con����� �ules�niep��eb�de

����o���� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �li�at� �han��� �olo�n�� �appin�� ��S� �r�an For�st �ana����nt

��e �orld�ide process of urbani�ation leads to rapid climate and en�ironmental c�anges in cities as �ell as

on a global scale� ��us, it is important to not only take action in climate protection but also make climate

adaption a priority in cities, to ensure t�e �uality of life of citi�ens�

�n t�is study t�e regulating ecosystem ser�ices (E�) of urban forests are analy�ed, based on t�e forest o�ned

by t�e city of Cologne, Germany� A G�� analysis of t�e forest stands �it�in t�e city�s boundaries �as

performed, using action guidelines establis�ed by t�e state of �ort� R�ine-�estp�alia, t�ereby testing t�eir

practicability�

��e main ob�ecti�e of t�e study �as to simplify t�e process of ecosystem ser�ice e�aluation, making it a tool

t�at cities can realistically apply� E� are t�erefore analy�ed using a system of indicators t�at does pro�ide less

accuracy t�an local data collections but is more cost-effecti�e and re�uires fe�er e�pert personnel ��en

performing t�e analyses� ��e results can t�en be used by t�e city council to communicate t�e importance of

t�e city�s forests and can offer guidance on met�ods of management for t�e forestry department�

��e resulting maps �isuali�e t�e ecosystem ser�ices of air particle filtration, temperature regulation and �ater

regulation� ��e findings s�o� t�at t�e city�s afforestation efforts in t�e last century are fulfilling t�eir intended

purpose and are benefitting t�e population greatly� ��e outer green belt on t�e �estern side of t�e ri�er R�ine

is of particular importance as it pro�ides all analy�ed ecosystem ser�ices at t�e same time�

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LIFE URBANGREEN � �� ���������� ������������� �������� �� ������� ����������

�� ����� ����� ��� ������ ������� ����������

�iotr �E���a, �aolo ����A��Cb, �atar�yna BA��RE�-��DR��a, Alessio F����c, Francesco FERR���d and �inga

��ER��E�a

�n�������on� a�roGea 4D �td � �oland� bR�G�� srl � �taly� cUni�ersity of Milan - �taly� dUni�ersity of Florence �

�taly

Con����� �e�yk�piotr�gmail�com, paolo��iskanic�r�-gis�com, katar�yna�ba�orek-�ydron�progea4d�pl,

alessio�fini�unimi�it, francesco�ferrini�unifi�it, kinga�s�ers�en�progea�pl

����o���� �F� �S� Li�ar� Sat�llit� �onitorin�� ��aptation to �li�at� �han��

Almost �0� of European citi�ens li�e in cities, ��ic� are particularly sensiti�e and �ulnerable to climate c�ange

impacts, suc� as �eat�a�es (urban �eat island� U��), air pollution, droug�ts and flooding as �ell� �pecific urban

adaptation strategies are t�erefore needed to make cities more resilient to climate c�ange� �n t�is conte�t,

urban forests (UF� parks, forest, etc�) and infrastructures are seen as among t�e most �idely applicable,

economically �iable and effecti�e tools for combating t�e impacts of climate c�ange and for �elp people adapt

to or mitigate its ad�erse effects� Furt�ermore, t�e ecosystem ser�ices (E�) of UF impro�ed air �uality, cooling

t�e air reduced U��, �elp rainfall retention, increase t�e biodi�ersity etc� � are often not �uantified easily, nor

communicated to t�e citi�ens using t�ese areas� ��e aim of ��FE URBA�GREE� (��FE1� CCA����0000�9) pro�ect

is optimising an inno�ati�e tec�nological platform to monitoring t�e ecosystem ser�ices of UF and

demonstrating its use in real scenarios� ��e aim is to impro�e UF management in Rimini (��) and �rako� (��)�

��e platform �ill be based on G�� tec�nologies and �ill include an assessment of t�e E� pro�ided by green

infrastructure, a smart management of �ater needs of trees and t�eir irrigation, t�e use of airborne and

satellite remote sensing data (multispectral imageries and �iDAR �D point clouds), meteorological and an

en�ironmental monitoring system, and public participation tools (smart city)� �pecifically, t�e pro�ect aims to

manage trees and green urban areas more efficiently, reducing �ater consumption and ma�imising t�eir

benefits in reducing storm �ater runoff� ��e e�pected results of t�e ��FE URBA�GREE� pro�ect is e�g� to reduce

up to ��� in o�erall G�G emissions from urban green maintenance operations (10� from road transport of

�e�icles used for maintenance acti�ities) and �0-�0� increase of carbon stocked in urban trees (pilot area)�

��e ��FE URBA�GREE� pro�ect (201�-2021) is leading by R�G�� company (��) coordinating t�e partners� ��M

�rak�� (��), Ant�ea �rl (Rimini, ��), �taly Uni�ersit� degli �tudi di Milano (��), �taly �roGea 4D (��)�

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W�������� ������� ����������� ��� ��������� ������ �� ������������ �L�������� ����

������

Remigi�us �A��AU��A�

�n�������on� �ytautas Magnus Uni�ersity � �it�uania

Con����� remigi�us��alkauskas��du�lt

����o���� For�st ����ssi�ility� �opulation ��nsity� For�st Stru�tur�

�ince �oining European Union (2004) number of �it�uanian citi�ens decreased by more t�an 1��� ��e urban

d�ellers decreased also drastically during t�is period in most cities� But t�e trend of urban spra�l is obser�ed

by de�elopment of �ollo� cities� ��e green spaces accessibility could be one of t�e reasons of suc� urban

de�elopment pattern in conte�ts of biop�ilia and attac�ment t�eories� ��e distance from li�ing place,

attracti�e forest structure relates to more fre�uent use of green infrastructure ser�ice as �ell t�e �uality of

urban d�ellers life� ��e researc� is based on�

-� t�e Geospatial grid data of t�e 2011 population and �ousing census and degree of urbani�ation in

conte�t of green spaces accessibility (distance from li�ing place)�

-� forest structure comparison in local administrati�e units �it� different degree of urbani�ation

(densely populated areas, intermediate density areas, t�inly-populated areas described by DEGURBA)�

�t is obser�ed t�at in cities t�e urban �oodlands are accessible by � �00 m, but �oodlands of more attracti�e

structure for recreation is allocated in more t�an 1 km from li�ing places in areas of population density �ig�er

t�an 1�00 persons��a� ��ere is big �ariation of accessibility in suburb areas of cities �it� better accessibility

in areas of lo�er population density� ��e ratio of younger generation and elderly population (indicator for

territory de�elopment perspecti�e) is better in closer distance to t�e �oodland in cities� �roportion of citi�ens

�it� �ig�er education increases �it� t�e better accessibility of �oodland (relates to a�areness of green

infrastructure benefits for urban society)�

Forest structure also s�o�s resilience to urban pressure and ecosystem ser�ices continuity� Forest stands in

cities �oodlands stand out by �ider tree stem diameter, elder stands t�at makes t�em more attracti�e for

urban d�ellers recreation t�an in ot�er local administrati�e units of lo�er degree of urbani�ation� From ot�er

�and, t�e large proportion of pure stands (more t�an ��� of one specie in stand species composition) makes

concerns about t�e forest resilience to urban pressure

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C�������������� ��� ������� �� ����� ����������� ������ �� L���H�� ������ ����� ��

S������� �������� ��������

C�ang ��A�G, �an�ong ��U and C�eng �A�G

�n�������on� C�inese Academy of Forestry � C�ina

Con����� �9419��09����com, 1021��12������com, ����0�0������com

����o���� ��si��ntial For�st� �anopy �o��r �at�� �lant Lan�s�ap�� Hu�an �hara�t�risti�s

�o researc� t�e c�aracteristics and its c�anges of rural residential forest of �ing�e to�n, t�e typical rural area

in middle sout� of ��andong, t�is paper selected 1� ne� �illages and 11 old �illages as researc� samples�

Firstly, plant in�estigation and plant culture inter�ie� �ere carried on� �econdly, t�e canopy co�erage rate,

plant landscape and �uman c�aracteristics �ere analy�ed� Finally t�ese c�aracteristics �ere compared

bet�een ne� �illages and old �illages� ��e results s�o�ed t�at� (1) t�e o�erall canopy co�erage of �ing�e

to�n is 121������ s�uare meters and canopy co�erage rate reac� 10�0�� in 201�, ��ic� is lo�er t�an t�at in

2012� Besides t�is rate of ne� �illages decreased more (from 1��2�� in 2012 to 10���� in 201�) comparing

�it� old �illages (declined from 1���4� in 2012 to 11�4�� in 201�)� (2) �opulus makes t�e main contribution

to o�erall rural landscape, and Sali� �a�yloni�a, �o�inia ps�u�oa�a�ia, �rousson�tia papyri��ra combining

�it� it dominated t�e riparian �ie� in bot� ne� and old �illages� Moreo�er, �alus� �ha�no��l�s and �a�nolia

�ran�i�ora are specific to ne� �illages� courtyard and road landscape respecti�ely� Besides Sophora �aponi�a

and Sali� �a�yloni�a are specific to ne� �illages� courtyard and road landscape respecti�ely� (�) �uman

c�aracteristics of rural residential forest include t�ree types, t�ey are aest�etic appreciation, food supplement

and emotional implication� Among t�em aest�etic appreciation and food supplement are t�e primary needs

of ne� and old �illage courtyard forest, and emotional implication needs are gradually reduced in courtyard

plants, road forests and riparian�

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I��������� F����� ������� � A ��������� ����� 2� ����� �� ������������ ����������

�������� �� ���������� ����������� ��������

Corinne BUC�a, �eter �E��a, �li�er BA��Eb, �tefanie �E���Ec, �ngo �E��E�d, Bertram �EDERb, �obias �C����c,

��omas �C�M���c, Annette �C�U��Ee and �enning ����b

�n�������on� aBiological �tation �est Ru�rgebiet� b�ald und �ol� �R�� cRu�r-Uni�ersit�t Boc�um� d�A�U�

�R�� e�lanungsb�ro �amann � �c�ulte � Germany

Con����� corinne�buc��bs�r�de, peter�keil�bs�r�de

����o���� �n�ustrial �ro�n�i�l�s� Su���ssion� �io�i��rsity� �uhr ��tropolian �r�a� Tippin� �oint

��e o�erall aim of t�e interdisciplinary basic researc� pro�ect is t�e in�estigation and documentation of

processes of plant succession on industrial sites of t�e Ru�r metropolitan area as �ell as a prognosis of a

prospecti�e clima� community�

��e most compre�ensi�e and most rapid c�ange in t�e composition of species occurs at t�e end of t�e

pioneering stage� �o�e�er, early succession stages �ad been relati�ely stable o�er long period� �nce t�e

succession progress reac�es a considerable speed, it �ill soon lead to t�e stage of primary forest� During t�e

se�uence of succession stages, as postulated in t�e classical succession doctrine, t�e stage of persistent grass

or �erbaceous �egetation follo�ing t�e pioneering stage, can be skipped and trees may settle directly on t�e

open industrial soil� ��ere seems to be a tipping point in species ric�ness at t�e end of t�e pioneer settlement,

��ic� defines t�e furt�er direction of t�e succession process� ��is une�pected transition is of special interest

for biodi�ersity researc�, because it is particularly ric� in species but at t�e same time particularly unstable�

�ot e�en t�e oldest, most mature industrial forests reac�ed anyt�ing similar to a clima� stage yet�

�ne crucial factor for t�e direction and speed of succession is t�e p�ysical and c�emical c�aracter of t�e ra�

substrate and its e�posure� ��e diaspore supply of t�e neig�bor�ood or surrounding areas strongly influence

or determine potential species combinations� �n addition, t�ere are countless ot�er factors t�at can influence

t�e direction and speed of succession, like �eat�er (consider t�e dry summer of 201�) and natural risks, like

t�e t�o storm e�ents �Ela� or ��yrill��

��e basic researc� presented �ere does not only apply t�e field of succession researc� but also aspects of

urban forest biodi�ersity as �ell as processes of speciation (e� g� neogenic ta�a)� Applications in practice relate

to t�e maintenance of industrial bro�nfields ��ere pioneer �egetation s�ould be preser�ed� ��e spontaneous

�egetation of industrial forests can be a role model for climate adaptation on urban sites (resilience)� ��e

o�erall topics can also be found in social science and en�ironmental educational�

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C����� ��������� �� ���� ���� ���������� ����� �D L�DAR ����� ������ ��� ��� ������

�� ��������� �������� �������� �� ����� �� R�������� ������ ��������

�iotr �����a, �arolina ���BA-�U�A���a, �a�e� �A�R���a, �iotr MA�C�A�b, �r�ys�tof M�C��Ab and �atryc�a

�R�E����Ac

�n�������on� aUni�ersity of Agriculture �rako�, Faculty of Forestry � �oland� bAdam Mickie�ic� Uni�ersity

�o�na�, Faculty of �ocial �ciences � �oland� cAdam Mickie�ic� Uni�ersity �o�na�, �nstitute of Geoecology and

Geoinformation � �oland

Con����� �e�yk�piotr�gmail�com, karolina�anna��ieba�gmail�com, p��a�rylo�ur�krako��pl

����o���� �LS� H�i�ht �o��ls� �han�� ��t��tion� �r�an For�sts

Urban trees and forests contribute to making cities en�ironmentally more sustainable ser�ing lot of ecosystem

ser�ices (E�) like air colling, filtering pollutants etc� �n �oland, t�e cutting do�n of trees in cities is go�erned

by t�e la� specifying t�e procedures and conditions necessary to obtaining specific permits� De�elopment of

tec�nologies like �iDAR (�ig�t Detection and Ranging) and digital p�otogrammetry (eg �fM) increase t�e usage

of �D point cloud data in in�entory and monitoring processes of city greenery��e used t�o Canopy �eig�t

Models (C�M� G�D 1�0 m) generated on t�e basis of A�� point clouds ac�uired in �un� 11, 2011 and Marc� �,

201�� �e found t�at in 2011 appro�imately 1 0�2 �a of t�e Racibor� city �as co�ered by t�e �ig� �egetation

(14�� � of t�e entire city)� �n 201� t�e area of �ig� �egetation class decreased by appro�� 4� �a to 1 0�9 �a

(1��9 � of Racib�r�)� �uc� kind of simple comparison indicates t�at t�e tree co�er of t�e city decreases slig�tly

by 0���� ��e analysis s�o�ed t�at t�e loos of trees amounted to 1��9� ��ile t�e gain amounted to 12�9� at

t�e same time� �o ��en comparing to t�e tree co�er in 2011, t�e decrease of about 4� �as obser�ed� Based

on t�e e�isting G�� �ector layers �e also calculated t�e decrease of t�e tree co�er �it�in residential areas,

��ic� is crucial ��en considering E� of �ig� �egetation for city d�ellers� �t turned out t�at t�e loos �it�in

residential areas �as muc� bigger and amounted to -10����

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T���������� ���������� �� ����� �����: ��������� ��� ������� ������ �� �������������

��� ������� �� � ������ ���� ����� ��������

Rocco �ACEa� Francesco DE F���b, Mo�ammad A� RA�MA�c, �tep�an �AU�E��c, Da�id ���A�d and R�diger

GR��Ea

�n�������on� a�arlsru�e �nstitute of �ec�nology (���) (�M�-�FU) � Germany� bUni�ersity of Gnoa, D�BR�� � �taly� c�ec�nical Uni�ersity of Munic�, C�air for �trategic �andscape �lanning and Management � Germany� dU�DA

Forest �er�ice � U�A

Con����� rocco�pace�kit�edu

����o���� Hi�h T��p�ratur�s� �r�an Tr��s� �oolin�� Sha�in�� �o��l ��pl���ntation� Tr�� �hysiolo�y�

�uni�h� �n�lis�h�r �art�n

E�tremely �ig� temperatures are getting more fre�uent in cities and t�eir potential impacts on �uman �ealt�

and plant performance are increasingly �orrying� �mplementing urban green infrastructure, particularly trees,

can mitigate t�is de�elopment due to cooling from e�apotranspiration and s�ading� �o�e�er, t�e effect is not

linearly scaling �it� tree density and temperature�radiation due to feedbacks bet�een climate, �ater supply

and plant p�ysiology (in particular stomatal conductance)� ��erefore, it is necessary to consider not only t�e

position and indi�idual dimension but also t�e species-specific p�ysiological responses in dynamic relation to

t�eir en�ironment� Commonly used climatological models usually assume tree properties as static, eit�er

neglecting or o�er-e�pressing e�apotranspiration (by assuming unlimited �ater supply), and are often not

considering indi�idual tree si�es to determine t�e pattern of s�ading� �n order to o�ercome t�ese limitations,

a model �as been de�eloped and implemented t�at is based on tree p�ysiological processes and can be run

�it� simple tree in�entory data� �it� t�is model cooling effects can be assessed in dependence on climate as

�ell as tree properties, enabling scenario analysis for different structures and densities of urban green spaces�

��e model is e�aluated �it� sap flo� measurements of single trees at t�o different urban places� ��e impact

of tree distribution and different �eat�er conditions is s�o�n for t�e largest park in t�e city of Munic�,

Germany, indicating t�at t�e �ater supply from t�e soil �as a ma�or impact on t�e cooling capacity� Finally,

t�e potential applications and limits of t�e model are discussed, �ig�lig�ting specifically t�e importance for

air �uality studies since deposition as �ell as emission of �olatile compounds are related to transpiration�

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A��������� �� ����� ������ ������������ ��������� �������� ��� �� ������� ��������

����� ������ �� ��� C��� �� L�������� ��������

Ur�a ����AR and Erika ���AMER���

�n�������on� �lo�enian Forestry �nstitute � �lo�enia

Con����� ursa��il�ar�go�dis�si

����o���� �r�an For�st� �rin�in� �at�r� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s

�n recent years t�ere �as been an increasing focus on urban forest ecosystem ser�ices, related to regulation

of �ater flo�, �ater purification and air pollution reduction (�earlmutter et al� 201�)� �o�e�er, information

about t�e e�tent of �o� urban ecosystems fulfil t�eir ser�ices, t�at could be used by decisionmakers in urban

�aters�ed management and �ater resources planning, is limited (�il�ar and �imon�i� 2012)�

��is study presents �uantitati�e and �ualitati�e indicators for selected ecosystem ser�ices in t�e pilot area

Dra�l�e, a location for potential �ater �ell field, ��ic� is at t�e moment a reser�ed area in t�e spatial plan of

t�e City of ��ubl�ana, �lo�enia� Rainfall interception and soil �ater �olding capacity �ere selected indicators

for regulation of �ater flo�� nitrate concentrations in t�e ground�ater of ��ubl�ana a�uifer, soil bulk density

and C�� ratio for �ater purification and annual concentration of ��2, �M10 and number of days �it�

e�ceeded �M10 concentration t�res�old �0 �g�m� �ere selected indicators for air pollution� �e standardi�ed

t�e obtained �alues on a relati�e scale (0 � 100) to assess possible contribution of land co�er class to pro�ision

of an ecosystem ser�ice (�osc�ke et al� 2012)�

��e �ig�est capacity to pro�ide �ater flo� regulation ecosystem ser�ices �as s�o�n for �etlands (�� scores)

and mi�ed forests (�2 scores)� ��e lo�est capacity �as indicated for urban areas (0 scores)� ��e �ig�est

capacity to pro�ide �ater purification ecosystem ser�ices �as s�o�n for cropland (�9 scores) and mi�ed

forests (�� scores), compared to urban areas �it� lo�est capacity (0 scores)� ��e lo�est capacity for t�e air

pollution reduction �as indicated for urban areas (1� scores), follo�ed by cropland (�2 scores), ��ereas ot�er

land classes �ad scores �ig�er t�an �0� ��e �ig�est capacity to pro�ide air pollution reduction �as s�o�n for

forests �it� 9� scores, follo�ed by grass and rangelands (�� scores) and cropland (4� scores)� Urban fabric

reac�ed 0 scores�

Using �ydrologically oriented urban forestry management measures to impro�e ecosystem ser�ices in

urbani�ed �aters�ed represents a nature-based solution� Results of t�is study could �elp to link decision

making of t�e public �ater supply ser�ice �it� t�e rele�ant en�ironmental information, models and data, e�g�

�ater protection �ones, �uman �ealt� e�posure and risk by air pollutants, ecosystem e�posure to e�ceedance

of critical le�els and loads, etc�

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U���� T����� �������� ������ ��� A��������� E�������������E������� B������� �

D������ I������

�ine ���GA� and Gerald M����

�n�������on� Uni�ersity College Dublin � �reland

Con����� tningal�gmail�com

����o���� ur�an tr��s� prop�rty pri��s� �n�iron��ntal���ono�i� ��n��its� ��osyst��� so�io���ono�i�� i�Tr��

Tools� �u�lin

Urban trees are gaining increasing attention for t�eir myriad of (en�ironmental, social, economic, �ealt�)

benefits and ser�ices to society, particularly in urbani�ed areas� Urban areas comprise some of t�e main

sources of air pollution from ant�ropogenic acti�ities� ��e �ersatile and multifunctional benefits of urban trees

are attracting interests globally and aut�orities suc� as t�e EU �a�e implemented European-�ide forest

in�entories and issued directi�es for member states to incorporate urban trees in t�eir national plans� �n

�reland, an e�ample is t�e Dublin City �ree �trategy 201�-2020� Gi�en t�e kno�n benefits of trees and green

infrastructure in cities, gat�ering data on urban trees into a database system and turning t�em into useful

information for stake�olders is critical� ��e ad�ances in remote sensing and G�� tec�nologies in collating suc�

data �a�e greatly impro�ed� Due to t�e �ars� conditions in urban en�ironments (restrictions in space, lig�t,

�ater), species selection and t�eir management re�uire careful attention and in�estment�

�o t�is end, studies on Dublin�s urban trees re�eal a di�ide ��en it comes to t�e geograp�y of urban trees�

��e density and spatial distribution of trees correspond �it� land use planning and policies by local aut�orities�

��ere is a general sense t�at affluent areas and suburbs t�at are relati�ely �ealt�y are endo�ed �it� lu�uriant

�egetation compared to non-affluent areas� �tudies confirm t�at t�e presence of trees increases property

�alues� Using G�� and remote sensing data on Dublin�s urban trees and data from t�e property register, t�e

correlation bet�een canopy co�er and property prices �ill be computed� ��e data on trees �ill t�en be used

�it� i-�ree tools to assess t�e en�ironmental and economic benefits of Dublin�s trees� ��e outcome �ill be

t�ofold� first to establis� if t�ere is a correlation bet�een tree canopy and affluence across Dublin, and

second, to �uantify t�e ecosystem and socio-economic benefits pro�ided by Dublin�s tree using i-�ree and

associated tools� ��is �ork falls �it�in t�e Dublin�s 201�-2020 �ree �trategic �lan and t�e outcome �ill

pro�ide �aluable information for multiple stake�olders from local aut�orities and city planners to property

de�elopers, landscape arc�itects, researc�ers, and t�e �ider public�

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S������ ��� T�� C��

��������

F����� �lanning

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N����� B���� �������� ����� �� ��� B�������� ������������ ����

Annalisa G��C���, �acob C�RERA, Eug�nia ��DA�, �eresa G�ME�-FABRA, Raimon R�DA, �aura C�D, Ana

R�MER�, �a�ier �R��G��A, �atricia GARC�A, Elena ARGE��C� and Antoni FARRER�

�n�������on� �rea Metropolitana Barcelona � �pain

Con����� tgome��amb�cat, farrero�amb�cat

����o���� �atur� �as�� �lannin�� �ar��lona ��tropolitan �r�a� �at�r� ��ro�For�st �osai�� �r��n ��t�or��

�ilot T�st� �oor�ination� �arti�ipation

�ntroduction

��e Barcelona metropolitan area is a region �it� �� municipalities and ��2M in�abitants� �t is a metabolically

open system ��ic� depends on e�ternal regions for its �ater, energy and materials supplies, and it faces

pollution problems in its urban centers� Moreo�er, its location makes it e�tremely �ulnerable to t�e effects of

climate c�ange� For t�is reason, t�e future Barcelona Metropolitan Masterplan of t�e AMB (public

metropolitan administration) bank on a �ature Based �lanning model ��ic� seeks to transfer t�e p�ilosop�y

of �ature Based �olutions to urban planning�

��ree strategies and a pilot test

��e renaturalisation of t�is territory enables t�e ecological functions and ecosystemic ser�ices of t�e entire

system to be preser�ed and impro�ed� Also, t�at guarantees more circular and resilient urban systems�

��e goal is to ac�ie�e t�is model �ia � strategies�

�� �ater, a �ector of regeneration of t�e metropolitan area� By fostering t�e impro�ement in ecological

connecti�ity and en�ancing �ater�s function of �ydric and t�ermal regulation in urban settings�

�� ��e agro-forest mosaic, a model to manage open spaces� By reco�ering farmlands allo�ing for production

in urban or marginal spaces as �ell, and fostering t�e management of t�e agro-forest lands�

�� A green e�c�ange net�ork� By fostering a functional ecological net�ork ��ic� s�ould lead t�e urban edges

�ie�ed as marginal spaces to disappear�

��ere are plans to �old pilot tests in t�e area bet�een t�e Collserola mountain and t�e lo�er �lobregat Ri�er

�alley to �alidate t�e proposed model� ��ey include t�o studies� one of t�e structuring elements t�at s�ould

need inter�ention and regeneration to complete t�e ecological and social connections and anot�er of all t�e

agro-forest spaces and t�eir conditions of use to foster t�eir multifunctionality and o�ercome t�eir marginality

as border spaces�

�o carry out t�ese actions, t�e AMB s�ould spear�ead t�e coordination among t�e municipalities and t�e

administrations �it� po�ers on t�is matter and articulate a participation strategy of t�e population�

Conclusion

�Bplanning incorporates natural resources into urban planning, and it �ill incorporate inno�ation in t�e

e�eryday tasks of public administrations, suc� as urban planning and fostering cooperation among t�e

different regional agents, city councils and t�eir in�abitants�

������n���

�eb Barcelona Metropolitan Masterplan� �ttp���urbanisme�amb�cat�pdu-metropolita

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W��� ��������� ������ I������ ������: ����� ��������� ���� �� ����� ������������

Gio�anni �RE��A����, ��omas CAM�AG�AR�, �aolo �EME��A�� and �ommaso �����A

�n�������on� Department �and, En�ironment, Agriculture and Forestry, Uni�ersity of �ado�a � �taly

Con����� t�omas�campagnaro�unipd�it, t�omas�campagnaro�unipd�it, paolo�semen�ato�unipd�it,

tommaso�sit�ia�unipd�it

����o���� �il� �r�an �oo�lan�s� �r�an �lannin�� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�s� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �r�an

����n�ration

�ild urban �oodlands are t�e result of spontaneous recoloni�ation by plants of abandoned areas �it�in urban

and peri-urban areas� Compared to some European metropolitan areas, in �taly t�is �uncon�entional� nature

is usually not considered in urban plans as part of t�e green infrastructure� �e use se�eral case studies spread

t�roug�out �talian cities to describe t�e �ariability of �ild urban �oodlands� �e analyse, t�roug� t�e use of

�istorical images and comparing results from urban planning tools, t�eir e�olution �it�in t�e urban matri��

�e couple t�is analysis �it� t�at of t�e structural features of t�ese �oodlands to outline t�eir potential role

in urban plans and regeneration process� Regardless of t�eir consideration in t�e planning process, �ild urban

�oodlands en�ance cities� capacity of pro�iding complementary ecosystem ser�ices and support a �ariety of

flora and fauna t�at �a�e been disappearing in urban en�ironments� Furt�ermore, t�ese areas �a�e an

o�erlooked potential as ne� spaces for educational and artistic acti�ities, as �ell as for pro�iding climate

c�ange adaptation opportunities� ��erefore, one urgent c�allenge for city planning, in �taly as �ell as in many

ot�er countries, is to consider t�ese areas as integral parts of t�e urban green infrastructure� �ndeed, urban

regeneration approac�es s�ould take into account t�e intrinsic dynamic conditions and t�e range of

ecosystem ser�ices pro�ided to citi�ens by t�ese �oodlands� Conse�uently different forest management

approac�es s�ould be de�eloped to promote a �ariety of outcomes in terms of ecosystem ser�ices and to

guarantee t�e sustainability of maintaining t�ese areas o�er a medium and long term�

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T� ���� ����� ��� ���� �� WILD: ��� G��������� �������� G���� �B�������

G�i� ��EGE�, Miguel BER�E���� and Mieke �C�AU���EGE

�n�������on� Groendienst, Departement of Urban De�elopment, City of G�ent � Belgium

Con����� g�i��stegen�stad�gent, miguel�berteloot�stad�gent, mieke�sc�au�liege�stad�gent

����o���� �r��n �ol�� ��a�� For�sts� For�st �or th� �����orns� �atural ����t�ry� �osai� Lan�s�ap��

�arti�ipation� ����ssi�ility

��e city of G�ent (Belgium) �as set itself an ambitious goal to ensure t�at eac� in�abitant �as an area of more

t�an 100 �a �it�in � km from �is or �er doorstep� ��ese large areas are called green poles and t�e Gentbrugse

Meersen is one of t�e four green poles in G�ent� �nce completed, t�e Gentbrugse Meersen �ill appro�imately

be 240 �a in si�e, 1�0 �a of ��ic� �as already been establis�ed� �e foresee at least �0 �a of forest, combining

mostly ne�ly created forest, along �it� forested patc�es present prior to our de�elopments�

��e density of a city suc� as G�ent, �it� 1��00 in�abitants�km�, leads to t�e need for �uiet and green areas

��ere one can escape t�e �ectic city life� At t�e same time, �e are c�allenged to incorporate t�e interests of

a �ig�ly di�ergent public and ensure t�eir return to t�e green pole� ��e Gentbrugse Meersen accommodates

areas for nature conser�ation� community-gardening� protected �eritage� people rela�ing or �alking t�eir dog

but also areas ��ere small and large c�ildren can play surrounded by a green en�ironment� infrastructure for

guiding people t�roug� t�e area� safe and en�ironmentally incorporated constructions for c�ildren to play�

areas for bio-farming (��ere city-kids can come into close contact �it� cattle)�

�ere, � s�o� �o� �e s�ape t�e ne�ly created forests in suc� a �ay t�at �e increase t�e biological �alue of

t�e green pole but at t�e same time pro�ide an ans�er to t�e different social demands and needs of urban

green areas� By spontaneous forestation, creating a mosaic landscape managed by gra�ing cattle, organi�ing

orc�estrated forestation e�ents (leading to our forest of t�e ne�-borns), emp�asi�ing t�e need for global

peace �it� a peace-monument in our peace-forest or by designing t�e forest in suc� a �ay t�at �e create a

calm and serene location ��ere people can say t�eir last goodbyes ��ile t�ey burying t�e as�es of t�e recently

deceased among t�e trees, �e try to pro�ide a place for e�eryone, ��ic� can be used by e�eryone� By

increasing participation, emotional affinity and p�ysical connecti�ity �it� t�e city centre for lo�-impact modes

of transportation, �e aim at encouraging citi�ens to return and en�oy t�eir piece of nature�

��ile �e are approac�ing t�e t�ird and final p�ase of t�e entire pro�ect (creating t�e most nort�ern part), �e

�ope to create an urban �ungle in t�e long run, �ence �e ad�ertise t�e Gentbrugse Meersen as ��o eac� t�eir

o�n kind of ���D��

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C�������� ������ �������� ��� ��������� �������� ���������: ��� ���������� ��

����� ������� ���������� ������ �I�����

�sabella DE ME�a and Alessandro �A�E���b

�n�������on� aCentre for Agriculture and En�ironment � �taly� bCouncil for Agricultural Researc� and Economics

(CREA) � �taly �

Con����� isabella�demeo�crea�go��it, alessandro�paletto�crea�go��it

����o���� For�st �lannin�� ��ri��r�an For�sts� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� For�sts �isitors� �ont� �or�llo � �taly

�n Central-�out�ern �taly, t�e traditional strategy for reforesting degraded lands �as first to plant fast-gro�ing

pioneer species assuming t�at t�ese species �ould facilitate t�e introduction of late-successional broadlea�ed

species� �n many cases, t�is strategy �as failed and t�ese stands can be considered simplified and fragile

ecosystems c�aracteri�ed by a lo� le�el of biodi�ersity�

�n t�e lig�t of �FM, ne� forest planning processes and sil�icultural treatments must be defined to guide natural

e�olution to more comple� and stable forests incorporating forest ecosystem ser�ices (FE�) assessment�

�n post-modern society, people percei�e forests as resources capable of pro�iding clear air, leisure facilities,

recreational and sports opportunities and decision-makers are becoming a�are of t�e �alue of FE� for t�e

�ell-being of t�e residents�

�n t�is frame�ork, t�e present study is aimed to increase citi�ens� a�areness of t�e �alue of FE�� to elicit

�isitors� e�pectations about t�e forest ecosystem ser�ices pro�ided by artificial black pine forests, and to

gat�er suggestions to�ard t�e future forest planning strategies and t�eir effects on FE� pro�ision�

��e study area is t�e peri-urban forest of Monte Morello located near t�e urban area of Florence� ��is forest

is t�e result of t�e reforestations acti�ities reali�ed in early decades of t�e t�entiet� century� Currently it is a

simplified, unstable and fragile ecosystem, c�aracteri�ed by poor regeneration, �uge �uantity of dead�ood

and a �ig� degree of flammability� �n t�e ot�er �and, t�e forest represents t�e green lung of t�e to�n and

an important resource for recreational acti�ities�

�n 201�, 201 �isitors of t�e forest �a�e been in�ol�ed in a sur�ey aimed to in�estigate t�eir preferences and

opinions �it� a �uestions-information approac�� ��ile e�plaining t�e planning strategies and sil�icultural

inter�entions reali�ed in t�e forest, respondents �ere asked to assign t�eir aest�etic-�isual preferences to t�e

forest stands after different sil�icultural treatments using a set of p�otos� Furt�ermore, �isitors assessed t�e

importance of se�en different FE� pro�ided by Monte Morello using a �-point �ikert scale format�

Results s�o� t�at recreational acti�ities and air �uality are considered t�e most important FE� pro�ided by

Monte Morello forest� Furt�ermore people appreciate t�e forest managed t�roug� sil�icultural treatments

aimed to increase forest stability and natural regeneration processes�

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T�� L�������� G���� N������: � ��� ���� ��� �������� �� L�������

�uisa �EDRA�����

�n�������on� Regione �ombardia � �taly

Con����� luisa�pedra��ini�regione�lombardia�it

����o���� �ulti�un�tionality� �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �nt��rat�� �lannin�� �ultis�alar �lannin�� Lan�s�ap�

�nt��rat�� �lannin�

��e Regional Green �et�ork (RG�) is one of t�e main inno�ations of t�e Regional �andscape �lan being dra�n

up in �ombardy to deal �it� cultural landscape and en�ironmental protection� ��e RG� is based on t�e

Regional Ecological �et�ork (RE�), �it� adding furt�er components suc� as agriculture, culture, �istoric and

leisure sites� �t is designed assuming t�e landscape and en�ironmental asset of t�e region (eg�� agriculture,

lakes�ores, peri-urban agriculture, forests, �istorical and irrigation canals, �istorical pat�s, tran�uil areas,

spring �ater, etc�), finding out t�e main focal points ��ere green net�ork and landscape cornerstone

elements con�erge, aiming to integrate t�e di�erse components of t�e system in a multifunctional

perspecti�e� ��e RG� designed at regional le�el �as to be e�ploited at different territorial scale, according to

local aut�orities planning competences, �a�ing t�em in c�arge to detail and implement t�e green net�ork in

t�eir o�n land use plans� ��e RG� is t�e main structured frame to sketc� t�e detailed design of t�e local urban

and peri-urban forestry �it� an integrated, interdisciplinary, participatory and strategic approac� in planning

and managing tree resources for t�eir economic, en�ironmental and sociocultural benefits� �t is ensured t�e

promotion of a compre�ensi�e and integrated planning approac� to t�e elements of t�e natural, cultural and

rural systems fa�ouring t�e access and use of RG� by soft mobility net�ork suc� as pedestrian, cycle pat�s

and public transport and ensuring t�e ecological continuity at territorial scale� ��e RG� concreti�es bot� t�e

approac� stated in t�e European Union�s �Green infrastructures strategy� and t�e European �andscape

Con�ention principles, ��ic� recogni�es t�e importance of t�e en�ironmental elements in landscape planning,

impro�ing t�e integration bet�een cultural and ecological aspects in a compre�ensi�e approac�� ��e RG�

includes urban forestry as a fundamental component of an integrated spatial design in ��ic� net�orks or

systems including �oodlands, parks, open spaces located in urban and peri-urban areas and derelict sites are

components of t�e green infrastructure backbone� ��is allo�s bridging rural and urban areas, impro�ing a

city�s en�ironmental, biodi�ersity, climate �uality and citi�ens� sense of place� ��is is particularly important in

t�e metropolitan region of Milan, ��ere li�e ��� of t�e regional population and is affected by t�e presence

of se�en million people daily

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O��������� ��������� �������� ��������� ����� �������� ���� ������� ��� ���� �����

������

Mo�ammad A RA�MA�, Astrid M��ER-RE��C��, ��omas R���ER and �tep�an �AU�E��

�n�������on� �ec�nical Uni�ersity of Munic� � Germany

Con����� ma�ra�man�tum�de

����o���� �r�an �r��nspa��� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� Sp��i�s �hara�t�risti�s� �oolin� �����t� �uno�� ���u�tion

Greenspaces can moderate t�e effects of ongoing climate c�ange and urbani�ation t�roug� t�e pro�ision of

ecosystem ser�ices (E�)� �o�e�er, due to �ig� �eterogeneity at micro-scales, t�ere is still uncertainty

concerning t�e magnitude, pattern and t�e process of mitigation� ��er t�e last four years �e continuously

measured eco-p�ysiological, dendroc�ronological, meteorological, edap�ic �ariables and t�e �eat flu�es

belo� and abo�e canopy of contrasting tree species planted in different street and canyon conditions in

Munic� as �ell as in t�e comparati�ely drier city of ��r�burg in Germany� �pecies c�aracteristics leading to

different gro�t� patterns s�o�ed influences on bot� s�ading and transpirational cooling �it� a decrease in

air temperature up to 2 �C in t�e centre of t�e cro�n and around 1 �C at 1�� m �eig�t from t�e ground� Among

t�e species c�aracteristics, leaf area inde� �as t�e central criterion ��ic� caused surface temperature

differences of up to 24 �C o�er asp�alt and up to 9 �C o�er grass surfaces� E�en during t�e �ot and dry summer

of 201�, tree s�ade pro�ided p�ysiologically e�ui�alent temperature reductions of around 4 �C in ��r�burg�

�n case of transpirational air cooling, t�e si�e of t�e trees, �ood anatomy, climate �ones and �ater use

efficiency s�o�ed t�e greatest effect� �rees �it� �ig�er abo�e and belo� ground gro�t� also linearly

increased t�e soil infiltration potential� �argely, E� �ere also dependent on �arious meteorological �ariables

and belo�-canopy surfaces� �rees gro�n o�er pa�ed surfaces and �it�in narro�-street canyons pro�ided

lo�er boundary layer cooling and also �indered t�e �ind flo�, t�erefore, only la�ns �it�in t�e �ind c�annels

�ere more efficient� Con�ersely, on �ider street canyons, trees in combination �it� grasses �ere more

efficient� ��erall, trees �it� less �ater demand and lo�er canopy density s�o�ed �ig�er cooling potential and

runoff reduction ��en t�ey �ere planted o�er grass surface t�an o�er built surfaces t�roug� t�e

e�apotranspiration of grass and an e�tended fine rooting system� ��ere larger areas of la�n are not practical,

�ig�er root biomass and infiltration at around � m a�ay from t�e tree trunk suggested a need for larger tree

planting pits to optimi�e t�e E� pro�ision� �o�e�er, t�ere �ere trade-offs bet�een different indicators for E�

suc� as carbon gain and transpiration� number of trees and �ind flo�� ��us t�e study pro�ided ne� insig�ts

on designing urban greenspaces and c�oice of species�

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T�� ��������������� �������� �� ����� ���������� ������ ��� ���� ����� ������� ��

���� ������� ������� C���� ��������

�iali ���, C�eng �A�G and Bao�uan ��A

�n�������on� C�inese Academy of Forestry � C�ina

Con����� king90emily�gmail�com, �c����1�1���com

����o���� �r��nspa�� �att�rns� �r�an�To��ural �ra�i�nt� Spatio�T��poral �yna�i�s� ��pa�t Fa�tors

C�angs�a, Dalian, �anc�ang and ��en��en ��ic� contain bot� coastal and inland, sout�ern, central and

nort�ern cities �ere selected to detect t�e spatio-temporal dynamics of greenspace patterns from 19�4 to

2012� �e also tried to e�ploratory analy�e t�e main impact factors for t�e c�anges of greenspace patterns�

��is study aims to pro�ide ne� spatial data for future urban greenspace researc� and planning� First, �e

collected time-series �andsat composites and applied �D��-t�res�olding tec�ni�ue to reclassify greenspace

into four classes and used landscape indices to �uantify t�e greenspace patterns features� ��en, �e assessed

temporal dynamics of greenspace by using t�e Mann-�endall trend test� �e also calculated t�e normali�ed

distance inde� to measure t�e urban-to-rural gradients� �e�t, dynamic time �arping �as applied to detect t�e

dissimilarity of long-term trends tra�ectories of landscape indices in four cities� Finally, ma�imum information-

based non-parametric e�ploration met�od �as used to detect t�e pair�ise relations�ip bet�een t�e c�anges

in greenspace patterns and main impact factors� �ur results s�o� t�at t�e dense �egetation in C�angs�a,

Dalian and ��en��en �ad an a�erage increase of 0�2� per cent and t�e mean patc� si�e of dense �egetation

increased 0�11 �ectares from 19�4 to 2012� ��e medium-dense �egetation in t�ese t�ree cities �ad an a�erage

increase of 0�40 per cent, t�e mean patc� si�e in �anc�ang and ��en��en increased 0�1�, 0�04 �ectares

respecti�ely, �o�e�er, C�angs�a and Dalian decreased 0�01, 0�0� �ectares respecti�ely� ��e urban-to-rural

gradients of dense �egetation in inland cities �ad a �-s�aped tra�ectory� �parse �egetation in C�angs�a and

��en��en �ad a monotonic decreasing tra�ectory, ��ile Dalian and �anc�ang �ad a �-s�aped tra�ectory� ��e

c�anges in greenspace patterns �ad a strong non-linear relations�ip �it� income, gross domestic product per

person, t�e proportion of urban population and proportion of city area� Contrary to medium-dense �egetation,

t�e dense �egetation in C�angs�a, Dalian and ��en��en increased and t�e patc�es became more connected

from 19�4 to 2012� Contrary to coastal cities, t�e sparse �egetation increased in inland cities and t�e patterns

became less fragmented� ��e urban greenspace s�o�ed t�ree tra�ectories of urban-to-rural gradients, t�e

first one is parabola-s�aped tra�ectory (�� or ��), second is constant tra�ectory (�-�), t�ird is monotonic

increasing or decreasing tra�ectory�

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R������������ �� E��������� L�������� �� B��������: ��� S���������� G���� A����

�� ��� ���������� ������ ��������

�ladimir B�C, Robert ���E�CU, �uciana �ECA and Ana ���A

�n�������on� Uni�ersity of Agronomic �ciences and �eterinary Medicine of Buc�arest � Romania

Con����� �ladimirboc�gmail�com, ir�mi�ai�ya�oo�com, luciana�eca1�gmail�com, ana��ita199��ya�oo�com

����o���� �r�an �r��n �n�rastru�tur�� �r��n Spa�� Syst��� ��n�rolo�i�al ����tation

��e studied area is located in t�e center of Buc�arest, replacing t�e former Uranus-���or neig�bor�ood, and

is one of t�e most significantly transformed �istorical areas of t�e capital city of Romania, during t�e last years

of t�e communist regime� �oday, t�e landscape is dominated by t�e monumental building of t�e �arliament

�alace, surrounded by large green areas �it� dense mi�ed dendrological �egetation ��ic� are mostly unused

and inaccessible for t�e public�

��e study includes a synt�esis regarding t�e e�olution of t�e urban landscape and t�e surrounding green

spaces o�er t�e last century, an analysis of t�e current situation and se�eral future scenarios for t�e �arliament

�alace Area, ��ic� is considered one of t�e most contro�ersial contemporary urban pro�ects in Buc�arest�

�istorical researc� re�eals t�e key moments of t�e urban transformations in t�e Uranus-���or Area� t�e

proposals for systemati�ation dating from 19��, t�e radical demolition process in t�e late 19�0s, follo�ed by

t�e construction of t�e Ci�ic Center, including t�e �eople�s �ouse (currently t�e �arliament �alace, t�e largest

building in Europe) and t�e initiati�es to reintegrate t�e area in t�e urban conte�t after 1990�

��e analysis of t�e current situation is focused on assessing t�e potential for integration of t�e unused green

infrastructure resources� Recent initiati�es of t�e C�amber of Deputies and t�e local public aut�orities to

reconnect t�e urban area �it�in t�e green spaces system of Buc�arest are also presented� �n t�e last part, a

number of scenarios for t�e possible e�olution of t�e �arliament �alace Area are presented� ��e �isions range

from a strong densification of t�e built urban tissue to a large green spaces net�ork in t�e center of t�e city�

��e researc� �ig�lig�ts t�e importance of reintegrating atypical built structures and �ig�ly �egetated green

areas in terms of en�ironmental, functional and aest�etic issues, by understanding t�e �istory of t�e place

and by identifying future de�elopment scenarios for t�e studied area�

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B���A����: O����������� �� ���������� �������� �� ����� ������� �� ���������� ����

��� ���������� �� �������� ��������������� �� ������ �� ���������� ������ ��� ����������

�� ������� ������

�ebastian �C�U��, �ulia D��GE�DA�� and �orbert B���E�

�n�������on� City of Essen � Germany

Con����� sebastian�sc�ul��um�eltamt�essen�de, norbert�boesken�gge�essen�de

����o���� �au�a�apt� �li�ati� �han��� �on���tin� ���nt� ��osyst�� S�r�i��s� �ity Tr�� �ana����nt� �r�an

For�st �ana����nt

�ptimi�ation of eco-system ser�ices of urban forests in compliance �it� t�e resilience of critical

infrastructures in regard to con�ecti�e e�ents and adaptation to climate c�ange

��e pro�ect aim is to generate precise cluster recommendations for t�e de�elopment of an urban forest � city

tree population, under consideration of �ulnerability of critical infrastructure in conte�t to t�e city tree

management, in order to increase resilience to t�e �ig�est riskless le�el of rele�ant ecosystem ser�ices�

�it� �E�A�-summer storm in �une 2014 t�e City of Essen suffered t�e most se�ere storm e�ent since t�e

beginning of records� At least since t�is ma�or catastrop�ic e�ent it �as become clear t�at t�e �ulnerability of

urban tree population is able to disrupt t�e complete city infrastructure �it� substantial risks for urban citi�ens

�it� dimensions of a ci�il catastrop�ic e�ent� Adding up to t�e s�ort- and medium-term �mpacts on critical

infrastructure and transport safety, large parts of t�e urban tree population �ere damaged in urban forests

(1���0 �a) as �ell as in t�e city tree population (2�0�000 trees)� �it�in t�e conte�t of t�e already occurring

climatic c�ange, accumulation and repetition of comparable intensity �it� less or e�en greater spatial e�tent

can be anticipated� ��e impact of climate c�ange is e�pected to lead to significant c�anges in ecosystem

ser�ices�

��e planned pro�ect is t�us of considerable rele�ance to urban-, landscape- and forestry planning as �ell as

for t�e pre�enti�e disaster protection of t�e city administration of Essen� ��e pro�ect t�us plays an essential

part in t�e climate adaptation strategy of t�e city of Essen� ��e pro�ect results are e�pected to pro�ide

important recommendations for a substantial optimisation of t�e forest and city tree population �it� regard

to its risk reduction in regard to critical infrastructure and traffic safety as �ell as its resilience and sustainable

optimi�ation of its ecosystem ser�ices�

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S������ ��� O������

�������������

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A������� T��� A���������

�teffen RU��

�n�������on� �A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts � Germany

Con����� steffen�rust��a�k�de

����o���� Tr�� �ss�ss��nt� To�o�raphy� �roun����n�tratin� �a�ar� Stati� Loa� T�sts

Met�ods and de�ices for t�e non-destructi�e assessment of urban trees �a�e de�eloped rapidly in

recent years� � am proposing a practical, �ands-on session �it� static load tests, sonic and electrical

resisti�ity tomograp�y and geo-radar on t�e site of t�e conference�

C��������� �� ��� ������� �� ������ ��� �������� �� ��� ����� � � ���� �� ����� ���

�������� �����

�teffen RU��

�n�������on� �A�� Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts � Germany

Con����� steffen�rust��a�k�de

����o���� �itality �ss�ss��nt� �l� Tr��s� Tr�� �n��ntory

�itality assessment is a key element of urban tree management� �o�e�er, it is less �ell understood t�an often

assumed� After a re�ie� of current researc�, t�o contro�ersial met�ods are compared in an e�periment�

�itality of trees is often defined in relation to sur�i�al, gro�t�, or response to stress� A �ide range of met�ods

is used to assess �itality, often based on cro�n arc�itecture, cro�n condition, or epicormic gro�t�� ��is study

applies t�o met�ods to assess old Fagus syl�atica and Acer pseudoplatanus and compares t�e results

�uantitati�ely� �ne met�od is based on t�e arc�itecture of t�e upper part of t�e cro�n, t�e ot�er uses a �ide

range of parameters, most of t�em related to t�e trunk� Bot� use an ordinal scale ranging from 0 (best) to �

(�orst)�

Bot� met�ods �ere applied e�ually fast, and t�eir results �ere statistically �ig�ly significantly correlated,

albeit �it� large scatter� �itality based on cro�n arc�itecture �as on a�erage 1�� grades �orse and e�plained

a t�ird of t�e �ariation of t�e ot�er met�od�

Cro�n arc�itecture s�ould remain t�e basis of �itality assessment, because it is easy to learn, repeatable and

based on a p�ysiological model� �n old trees, ��ere t�e gro�t� of cro�n and trunk can be de-coupled, a lo�

�itality score s�ould be ad�usted ��en t�e trunk s�o�s signs of �igorous gro�t��

� �

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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U�� �� VTA �� C������ F�������� �������� ��� T���� ����� �� ���������� ������ ��������

Filipa MA�Aa, �atiana �A�ADAa, Bruno FERRE�RAa, Marta R�C�Aa, Maria Filomena CAE�A��a and Ana �aula

RAM��b

�n�������on� a����A - �aborat�rio de �atologia �egetal �er�ssimo de Almeida, �nstituto �uperior de Agronomia,

Uni�ersidade de �isboa � �ortugal� b�EAF � �ortugal

Con����� filipamaia�isa�ulisboa�pt, pramos�isa�ulisboa�pt

����o���� Tr�� �is� �ss�ss��nt� Stru�tural �����ts� ���ay� Failur� �att�rn� �r�an Tr��s

�n �ortuguese cities ��ltis australis, Fra�inus spp�, �latanus spp� and Tilia spp� are t�e most common tree

species� �o�adays, Municipalities �a�e demanding ob�ecti�es concerning t�e protection of urban trees and

look for t�e early detection of structural defects and ad�erse conditions t�at can �elp establis�ing programs

of tree risk management� �isual �ree Assessment (��A) is a met�od used to e�aluate t�e likeli�ood of failure

for a gi�en tree in a gi�en moment� Ad�anced risk assessments mig�t include t�e use of de�ices for decay

detection namely resistance drilling records (e�� Resistograp�) and sonic tomograp�y (e�� Arbotom)� �it� t�is

�ork, �e intended to identify structural defects associated �it� risk of failure of t�e most common urban tree

species e�aluated since 201�� �ark and street trees �ere e�amined by ��A, using drilling tests and

tomograp�ic analysis ��ene�er needed� Finally, eac� tree �as rated �it� a risk rating �alue (RR�)� �o far, t�e

most fre�uent structural defect found �as dead branc�es (��� in 21� trees e�aluated), e�en if in Tilia spp� co-

dominant branc�es �it� included bark �ere most fre�uently obser�ed� �n general, �� australis and �latanus

spp� �ad a failure pattern mainly related �it� t�e presence of dead branc�es, ca�ities and decays caused by

�ood rots fungi on branc�es and on trunks� �n mature indi�iduals of Fra�inus spp� t�e rupture of limbs �appens

�uite often� �n t�e ot�er �and, �latanus spp� and Tilia spp� rarely fail, but in t�e case of strong �inds or storms

fre�uently lose branc�es� Under t�e present scenarios of climate c�anging and t�e emergence of ne� pests

and diseases, tree risk assessment is a fundamental tool for t�e protection of trees and for t�e planning of

future Urban Green �nfrastructures�

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Urban Forests� full of energy EFUF

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L���T���L�� �� �������� ��� ������� ��������� �� ���� ������ �� L�������� ����

��������

Ma�a �URCa and Mi�aela ��U��b

�n�������on� aUni�ersity of ��ubl�ana, Biotec�nical Faculty, Department of Rene�able Forest Resources �

�lo�enia� b��e �ree �nstitute - �nstitute for t�e De�elopment and Researc� of Forest and �rees � �lo�enia

Con����� ma�a��urc�bf�uni-l��si

����o���� �ns��ts� Fun�i� �r�an H�at �slan�s� �ortality o� Tr��s� Sapro�yli� Ha�itats

��e City of ��ubl�ana �as 290,000 in�abitants and co�ers 2�� km2� ��e c�aracteristics of t�e city lies in its

e�tensi�e greenery including 110�� km2 of forests and t�e fact t�at t�e forest co�er penetrates t�e city centre

from t�o sides� �e�ert�eless, ��ubl�ana area is classified as urban �eat islands of t�e 2nd le�el, t�eir intensity

reac�ing up to 1�� �C and on a�erage 0��� � 0�10 �C �armer t�an t�e surrounding area� A number of

t�ermop�ilic or t�ermotolerant pat�ogenic fungi, as �ell as insect pests are causing e�tensi�e damages,

�eakening or mortality to trees in urban green areas� �n t�e city �e are de�eloping forest laboratory named

�i�e�ree�ab for t�e researc�, in�entory and public co-monitoring of �armful biotic factors t�at influence t�e

�ealt� of �oody plants, t�eir impact on t�e stability and structure of trees and t�e de�elopment of ne�

sapro�ylic �abitats� According to t�e pilot study made in t�e years 2010-201� numerous �armful nati�e and

introduced alien species �a�e been detected� ��e most important among nati�e pests are Thau��topo�a

pro��sion�a, �ps typo�raphus, �ityo��n�s �hal�o�raphus, but in�asi�e alien species from ordo �eteroptera,

�omoptera and �epidoptera are more numerous� �ome ne� pat�ogens �a�e been detected� �s�u�o�onas

syrin�a� p�� a�s�uli, �rysiph� ar�uata, �� �l��ata, �� �l��uosa� ��e main factor of p�ysical destabili�ation of

�eakened trees are �ood degrading fungi (�ano��r�a spp�, �r�illaria spp�, S�hi�ophyllu� �o��un�, Fo��s

�o��ntarius, La�tiporus sulphur�us, �r�t�s�h�aria ��usta and many ot�ers)� Acti�ities to undestand �armful

factors is only t�e first step to�ards de�eloping efficient met�ods for t�e preser�ation of urban trees and

forest �ealt� by in�ol�ing �olunteers and interested public� �oget�er �e �ork on preser�ing old decaying

trees, if t�ey neit�er pose a t�reat to t�e spread of �armful organisms nor pose a risk for �isitors, as t�ey

represent important �abitats of e�ol�ing sapro�ylic organisms�

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B������������� ������ �� �������� ����� ����� ��������

�atiana �A�ADAa, Filipa MA�Aa, Maria Filomena CAE�A��a and Ana �aula RAM��b

�n�������on� a����A - �aborat�rio de �atologia �egetal �er�ssimo de Almeida, �nstituto �uperior de Agronomia,

Uni�ersidade de �isboa � �ortugal� b�EAF � �ortugal

Con����� t�alada�isa�ulisboa�pt, pramos�isa�ulisboa�pt

����o���� �oo��rot �un�i� �un�tional ri�hn�ss� �ia�nosis� �i��rsity� tr�� ris� ass�ss��nt

�treet trees and safety are side-by-side ��en it comes to managing Urban Green �nfrastructures�

Basidiomycetes are kno�n for causing �ood decay, c�anging t�e mec�anical structure of �ood and increasing

t�e risk of failure of trees�

��is study aimed at making an in�entory of basidiomycetes detected during risk assessment inspections of

urban trees, carried out in �ortugal since 201�� ��e ob�ecti�e �as to understand t�e e�isting fungal

biodi�ersity and functional ric�ness of t�e main communities encountered (most representati�e genus)� ��en

possible, fruit bodies �ere collected and morp�ologically identified� in some cases, molecular identification

�as also performed to confirm t�e ta�a at t�e species le�el�

Up until no� 1�� basidiomes �ere sampled, among ��ic� �nonotus, Ganoderma and ��ellinus �ere t�e t�ree

most representati�e genus� ��e lo�est functional ric�ness (of t�o) belongs to t�e genus �nonotus despite

being t�e one �it� more basidiomes seen t�roug�out t�e study (24� of all obser�ations in se�en different

�osts)� ��e genus Ganoderma �as a functional ric�ness of t�ree (21� of t�e basidiomes), �it� G� australe

being t�e most common species�

��e �ig�est functional ric�ness (of si�) belonged to t�e ��ellinus genus (20� of t�e fruit bodies obser�ed),

�it� t�e follo�ing species identified� �� igniarius, �� pini, �� pomaceus, �� punctatus, �� torulosus and ��

tuberculosus� Furt�ermore, t�e species Abortiporus biennis, �erenniporia fra�inea and Rigidoporus ulmarius

�ere often found contrarily to ��at commonly used to be percei�ed� ��e last t�o species are commonly

misidentified due to morp�ological similarities� same �appens �it� A� biennis and Meripilus giganteus�

��e presence of fruit bodies of �ood-rotting basidiomycetes is an indicator of ad�ance �ood decay in standing

trees� ��e ability to reliably identify t�ese fungi can be an important tool for field diagnosis and tree �a�ard

assessment, besides being useful to support ecological studies in Urban Forest en�ironments�

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�peakers or first aut�ors

Arnberger ���������������������������������� 21

Arpaci ���������������������������������������� ��

Balke ����������������������������������������� �4

Bauer ����������������������������������������� 19

Bernasconi �������������������������������� �4

Bet�mann ��������������������������������� ��

Boc ������������������������������������������ 124

Boris ������������������������������������������ ��

Buc� ���������������������������������������� 109

B�rloc�er����������������������������������� 24

Cameron ����������������������������������� ��

Campagnaro ���������������������������� 11�

Canon Bermude������������������������ ��

C�eng ���������������������������������������� ��

Conigliaro ���������������������������������� 22

De Fei�ter ���������������������������������� 9�

De Meo ����������������������������������� 120

Dingenda�l ������������������������������ 12�

Eder ������������������������������������������� 4�

Feder ����������������������������������������� ��

Gerstenberg ������������������������������ 4�

G�me�-Fabra �������������������������� 11�

Gusta�sson �������������������������������� 20

G�ckle ��������������������������������������� ��

�egetsc��eiler ������������������������� 4�

�ostnik �������������������������������������� 92

�u� ������������������������������������������� ��

�in �������������������������������������������� 12�

�ones ����������������������������������������� ��

�urc������������������������������������������ 1�1

�eil ������������������������������������ ��, 109

�ilpi ������������������������������� �4, 44, �1

�im, ��R� ����������������������������������� 4�

�im, ���� ����������������������������������� 49

�oni�nendi�k ������������������������������ ��

�rainer �������������������������������������� 4�

�ra�ter �stoi� ���������������������������� 9�

��asni�ka ���������������������������������� ��

�o�rberg ����������������������������������� 2�

Maia ���������������������������������������� 1�0

Meyer ��������������������������������������� ��

Mot�enbecker ��������������������������� 41

�ail �������������������������������������������� ��

�astran ������������������������������������� ��

�esbitt �������������������������������������� 2�

�ie�uis �������������������������������������� ��

�iepman ��������������������������������� 10�

�ingal �������������������������������������� 11�

�itosla�ski �������������������������������� 9�

�rd��e� ������������������������������������ ��

�ace ���������������������������������������� 111

�edra��ini�������������������������������� 121

�uinton ����������������������������������� 104

Ra�man ����������������������������������� 122

Rot� ������������������������������������������ ��

Rust ����������������������������������������� 129

�ayers ��������������������������������������� 42

�imson �������������������������������������� ��

�peak ���������������������������������������� 9�

�tegen ������������������������������������� 119

�teidle ��������������������������������������� ��

�uba ������������������������������������������ �0

�u�kanen �������������������������������� 10�

�alada ������������������������������������� 1�2

�an der �elde ��������������������������� 94

�idal ���������������������������������������� 11�

�il�ar �������������������������������� ��, 112

�e�yk ������������������������������������� 10�

���yk ������������������������������������� 110

��ite�ead �������������������������������� �9

�ilkes-Allemann ����������������������� ��

�inc�ek ������������������������������������ 9�

�inogrond �������������������������������� ��

�underlin ��������������������������������� 90

�e ��������������������������������������������� �4

�alkaustas ������������������������������� 10�

�eidler ��������������������������������������� ��

��ang �������������������������������������� 10�

��rc�er ������������������������������������� 91

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O��������� ������������

Ministry for En�ironment, Agriculture, �ature and Consumer �rotection of t�e Federate �tate of �ort�

R�ine-�estfalia, Germany

German �port Uni�ersity Cologne

European Forest �nstitute (EF�) Bonn

R��� Aac�en Uni�ersity

City of Cologne

F�����������

Uni�ersity of Applied �ciences and Arts at G�ttingen, Germany

�oyota Deutsc�land

��eirad-Einkaufs-Genossensc�aft (�EG)

Federal Forest (Bundesforst)

German Federal En�ironmental Foundation (Deutsc�e Bundesstiftung Um�elt)

�F�F���� is �a�ilitat�� �y th� �����rs o� th� �nt�rnational St��rin� �o��itt�� o� th� �urop�an Foru� on

�r�an For�stry� �F�F���� is an �� �r��n ���� �artn�r ���nt�