urban freight sustainability: a european perspective · 2012-11-17 · urban freight: the logistics...
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Urban freight sustainability: A European perspective
Prof. Michael BrowneUniversity of Westminster
Outline• Urban freight: supply chain context and external
issues• Examples of urban freight initiatives (SUGAR
categories)– Regulation– Planning– Intelligent Transport Systems– Consultation – Consolidation
• Concluding remarks
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Urban freight: The logistics context
• Logistics systems evolving: inventory, supply chain velocity and design
• Supply chain boundaries changing
(e.g. delivery direct to consumer)
• Growth in outsourcing (freight and services)
• Competition for space and time
Urban transport-related problems
• Congestion
• Energy use
• Environment (air quality)
• Safety
• Disturbance – noise, visual intrusion
• Access restrictions and narrow roads
• Lack of loading and unloading space
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Participants/stakeholders
A wide range of participants…
• Senders and receivers
• Logistics service providers
• Residents / consumers / visitors
• Government / Administration...
…leads to complexity
Road freight traffic in urban areas: UK example
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1992 2001 2005 2008
Bn
veh
km
s p
er y
ear
Van Rigid HGV Artic HGV
Source: DfT, 2009
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Urban freight: European policy context
• EU research programmes (e.g. BESTUFS, CIVITAS)
• EU Action Plans – (e.g. Urban Mobility)
• City and local authority transport plans increasingly include freight policies
• Sustainable distribution concepts growing despite the economic challenges
• City demographics – changing
Vision and goals…
• Vision– Better interface between long distance and last-mile
transport– Freight consolidation centres and delivery points– Loading areas– ITS for better logistics– Low noise and low emission trucks for deliveries
• 10 goals including…– Halve the use of conventionally fuelled cars in urban
areas by 2030 – phase out completely by 2050– Achieve essentially CO2 free city logistics in major
urban centres by 2030
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Examples of urban delivery initiatives
• Regulation
• Planning
• Intelligent Transport Systems
• Consultation
• Consolidation
Regulation: traffic, access, loading, environmental standards
• Generally seen as simple and cheap (but enforcement costs)
• Provide important impacts on the city’s environment (if enforced)
• New standards used: Euro standards (truck pollution level), loading capacity
• New concepts such as congestion charging, low emission zones, night delivery time windows, time sharing of the roadway (multi-use)
• New enforcement measures: dedicated enforcement, clock stickers, cameras, ITS
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Low Emission Zones Europe website
Low Emission Zone: Cologne
The zone operates 365 days yearApplies to residents and visitorsRed, yellow, green stickers used
Extracts from The Low Emission Zone Europe website and BESTUFS II Workshop
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Zones in Scandinavia
Extracts from The Low Emission Zone Europe website and BESTUFS II Workshop
London Low Emission Zone (Feb 2008)
Source: Transport for London
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Examples of urban delivery initiatives
• Regulation
• Planning
• Intelligent Transport Systems
• Consultation
• Consolidation
Planning: land use and building control
• Integrating freight into planning policies (urban and/or transport planning) and building codes - a strategy for local government
• These strategies have both short and long term consequences
• Common concepts: off-street delivery space provision
• New concepts: compulsory storage space, multi-story logistic terminals in urban areas, reservation of logistics land use in urban master plans
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Examples of urban delivery initiatives
• Regulation
• Planning
• Intelligent Transport Systems
• Consultation
• Consolidation
Intelligent Transport Systems
• Not yet widely used for the management of freight transport in cities but the identified practices have proved very efficient
• Strategies to use ITS to better manage goods transport will develop in the future as ITS become more precise and less costly
• ITS are especially efficient to enforce access measures
• May assist data collection and real time information for truck drivers on traffic and parking conditions
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Combined-use Lane: Balmes Street Example
VMS messages clarify use (residents, clear-way, deliveries)
according to time of day.
Plans to extend to similar Primary Network streets
Source: BESTUFS II - Workshop
1
Information:
« 5h – 11h: only for deliveries » / « Free parking limited to 10
mn»
2
The vehicle is detected, lights up
diodes, counts down the remaining time
Information:
« free parking limited to 10 mn: remaining
time 03:41 »
3
Time exceeded
Information:
« overunning: 02:34, call to the Police, fine
11 € »
Poitiers: Implementation of dynamic delivery areas
Source:CIVITAS Presentation, Poitiers 2009
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Examples of urban delivery initiatives
• Regulation
• Planning
• Intelligent Transport Systems
• Consultation
• Consolidation
Consultation processes and labelling schemes (partnerships)
• These policies have raised awareness among freight transport companies
• Providing forums for discussion can ensure that a policy targeted towards freight transport is successful
• Giving specific labels to virtuous truck companies (companies using clean vehicles for example) has proved useful in some cities
• Signing “charters” or giving labels is well appreciated but promises must be met
• If not well enforced, the participating truck companies feel frustrated
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Source: UK Department for Transport Guides
Loading/unloading Code of Practice
Document prepared by Central London Freight Quality Partnership
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An innovative facilitating system for incoming goods
For city centre deliveries
ELP: Bordeaux
Source: D.Patier (LET, France)
ELP - Results
• Reduced stopping time
• Less pollution and disturbance
• Reduction in congestion caused
• Kerb space occupancy reduced
• More efficiency
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Examples of urban delivery initiatives
• Regulation
• Planning
• Intelligent Transport Systems
• Consultation
• Consolidation
Consolidation and measures targeting urban supply chains
• Setting up urban consolidation centres and urban logistic spaces experimented by cities
• Many experiments failed because of costs
• Some experiments met with success:
– When consolidation centres are specialized (construction sites, perishable goods)
– When municipalities provide low cost urban logistic space to innovative companies
– When retailers actively associated
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Bristol Freight Consolidation Centre
Located on North East
fringe of Bristol on
established business
park
Close to strategic road
network (M4, M32);
Approx 5000 sq ft
warehousing space;
7 miles from city centre
target area;
Approx 25mins journey
time to target area;
Now using 9 tonne
electric vehicle for final
delivery.Extracted from presentationsmade by Bristol City Council and Exel
ELCIDIS ProjectPilot started 2001
HOW IT WORKS
• Parcels on pallets sent to CDU
• Sorted & grouped by sector and delivered by electric vehicle (Citroen Berlingo, 3.5t FAAM)
• Value added services developed Source:Dominique Breuil, EIGSI, La Rochelle
OBJECTIVES
• Reduce polluiton, noise and congestion in the ‘hyper-centre’
• Improve the organisation of deliveries
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Examples of urban delivery initiatives
• Clean vehicles
Paris - clean urban delivery vehicles(Source: Christophe Ripert)
Electric ScootersLungta
Cargo Cycle
La Petite Reine
Electric vehicle
l’Oréal
Gas powered
Used by Ooshop, Monoprix, DHL, etc.
“Chrono City”
CHRONOPOST
Electric Motorbike Natoora
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CargoCycle in City of London: Office Depot operated by gnewt
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Outcomes – Concluding comments
• Constraints will grow:
• System complexity will grow
• Behaviour change is key – but very hard
• Many examples of what is possible: operations, technology, partnership
• Find ways to evaluate and share the good practices
• Inspire change
Prof. Michael BrowneTransport Studies DepartmentUniversity of Westminster35 Marylebone RoadLondon NW1 5LS
tel: +44 20 7911 5154
email: [email protected]
website: www.westminster.ac.uk/transport
www.greenlogistics.org
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Relevant websites
• http://www.niches-transport.orgNICHES: Policy notes on Alternative Solutions for Home Delivery, Spece Management for Urban Delivery and Inner-city Night DeliveryNICHES+: Guidelines for Assessing theTransferability of an Innovative Urban Transport Concept
• http://www.civitas.eu• http://www.turblog.eu• http://www.eltis.org• http://www.sugarlogistics.eu• http://www.bestufs.net• http://www.cityfreight.eu/• http://www.citymoveproject.eu/• http://www.freilot.eu/en/home/• IDIOMA (Innovative distribution with intermodal freight operation in metro-politan
areas), http://cordis.europa.eu/transport/src/48343.htm• http://www.smartfreight.info/index.htm• START (Short Term Actions to Reorganize Transport of Goods), http://www.start-
project.org/• http://www.straightsol.eu/• http://www.trendsetter-europe.org• http://www.bestfact.net/index.html