urban mining: recycling – or more? · 2011-10-27 · urban mining: recycling – or more? paul h....
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Urban Mining: Recycling – or more?
Paul H. BRUNNERVienna University of Technology, Austria
Urban Mining Forum, Taipeh, October 21st, 2011
Foto courtesy of Morf & Böni
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Content
• What is urban mining?
• Why urban mining?
• Four elements of an urban mining strategy
• Urban mining and re-industrializing the city
• Summary
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What is urban mining?
Systematic, goal oriented management of anthropogenic resource stocks in view of:
long-term environmental protection resource conservation economic benefits
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Why urban mining? Environmental protection
Environmental degradationby mining
Environmental burdens byprimary production
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Off-gas43
Why urban mining? large resource stocks
Source: Daxbeck et al. 1996 (updated)
Export goods
Sewage
144
Water
147
Fossil fuels
Construct. materials& consumer goods
2
12-18
Air36
3Solid wastes
3Municipalsolid wastes 0.3
Fluxes [t/(c.yr)]Stocks [t]
O ~ 195 t/c.y
Stock: 350 + 7
4-10
I ~ 200 t/c.y
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Why urban mining? large resource stocks
plastic flows in Austria 1994[in kt/year]
Source: R. Fehringer, 1998
Einsatz
1.100 primary processing
productmanufacturing
collection,transporting, sorting
energyrecoveryrecycling landfill
raw material
intermediate products
plastic products
plasticproducts
duro- andpolymers
duro- and polymers
plastic products
intermediateproducts
wastes
productionwastes
wastes
stock: 40
stock: 50
stock: 7100+400
stock: 45+42
stock: 0 stock: 9700+590
off gas
wastes wastes
consumption
regranulate
stock: 0
regranulate
IMPORT EXPORT
990
530
720
600
250
17
26
49 71
59
28
590
420
210
850
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Why urban mining? resource conservation
34
6 0,3 2,7
1
11
1,5
7
2
4140*
0,8
0,8
primaryproduction
pedo-/
production wastemagment
otherdisposal
2000 2050 21000
350
150
50
100
200
250
300 anthropogeniciron stock
44
194
344
2000 2050 21000
350
150
50
100
200
250
300 geogeniciron reserve
140
40 0
140*lithosphere
44
344consumptIron flows
through Austria
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The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy
Topic
1. Design for Urban Mining
2. New knowledge base:
• Urban prospection methodology
• Resource cadastre
3. High-Technology logistics, separation,
and recovery processes
4. Final sinks for the „useless“
Actor
industry & academia
public -> private sector
public & private sector
public sector
industry & academia
public & private sector
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The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy
1. Design for Urban Mining: example lead
00 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000
market price
Available stock [tons]
[cos
t for
reco
very
/ton
]
lead accumulators
water pipes inhouse
sewerpipes
powercable
telecomcable
source: Lohm et al., 1998
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The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy
1. Design for Urban Mining: example copper
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The 5 elements of an urban mining strategy
1. Design for Urban Mining
2. New knowledge base: Resource cadastre
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New knowledge base: the case of aluminum
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
wastelandfills
red mud landfills
consumptionstock
Alu
min
um -
stoc
k [k
g/c]
2000 2030
aluminum in packaging wastes:
1.9 kg/c.year
= 3 % of total Al-turnover
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New knowledge base: the case of Vienna
Groundwater
Vienna stock in use and hybernatingLead 200Iron 5,000
Stock in Vienna landfillsLeadIron
20350
[ kg/capita ]
Source: R. Obernosterer et al, 1998
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The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy
1. Design for Urban Mining
2. New knowledge base: Resource cadastre and
Urban prospection (analogon to geophysical prospection)
– Concentration [mass per mass]– Density [mass per area]– Total mass of substance– Speciation– Other constituents– Costs of exploitation– others
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The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy
1. Design for Urban Mining
2. New knowledge base
3. High-Tech logistics, separation, and recovery processes
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High-Tech logistics and recovery processes
from MSW to material resourcesby means of MSW incineration
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High-Tech logistics and recovery processes
from Morf & Böni, 2011
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The 4 elements of an urban mining strategy
1. Design for Urban Mining
2. New knowledge base
3. High-Tech logistics, separation, and recovery processes
4. Final sinks for the „useless“
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solid waste
sewage
corrosion & weathering
consumption emissions(CO2 et al.)
recycling
Not all flows go in cycles -> need for sinks!
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The sinks on planet earth are limited
After A. Nieman supplemented by G. Döberl
Atmosphere 4.200 [Mio. km³]
Pedosphere 0,3 [Mio. km³]
Hydrosphere 1.400 [Mio. km³]
.
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Summary
1. Goal of urban mining: resource conservation and environmental protection economic benefits
2. Reason for urban mining: large anthropogenic stocks ( larger than geogenic stocks?)
3. Challenges: new knowledge base new design for “urban mining” new technologies
urban prospection high-tech separation processes (clean cycles!)
economics of secondary versus primary resource use demand for final sinks!
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Thank you
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Stock dynamics and waste generationm
ass
[t/ca
p.yr
]
Input of solidmaterials into use
1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040
Mean residence time
of materials
5
10
15
20
Output of solid materials from use (wastes)waste today
waste in 40 years
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Urban mining and re-industrializing the cityCoupling materials and energy by MSW incineration
from Morf & Böni, 2011