urban morphology some (very general) geometrical regularities [graphics from the human mosaic by...
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URBAN MORPHOLOGY
some (very general) geometrical regularities[graphics from The Human Mosaic by Terry Jordan-Bychkov and Mona Domosh]
Why model urban morphology?
To explain urban processes To permit comparison between cities To help predict urban changes Not a good strategy for predicting small-
scale variations and peculiarities in the urban fabric
Zone Model
Zone Model
Ernest Burgess 1920s Sociologist at the
University of Chicago Invasion and succession
drove formation of concentric rings
An ecological model, with ethnic groups as the species
His model included “Little Sicily,” Chinatown, Deutschland, “underworld roomers,” “single-family dwellings,” and “bungalow section”
Pertained to early 20th c. Chicago in time of European immigration
Zone Model (additional factors)
Burgess’ model is obsolete now, partly because of changes in theoretical approach and partly because of changes in the city
Still, zones appear because accessibility drives land rent and land in the CBD remains more valuable than in the periphery
As we will see there are now multiple nuclei
different land uses benefit different amounts from accessibility
Different distance-decay slopes retail (steepest slope) factories warehouses housing (most shallow
slope)
The logic behind the model
Actual Land Values in San Francisco 1926-27
Note prominent shopping corridors complicating the zonal pattern and driving the formation of sectors
Types of housing reflect land rent
Montreal, Canada
the CBD
Core Frame
Zone of assimilation (residential gentrification and landuse transformation)
Zone of discard
The Transition Zone
Suburban strip-mall (middle income residential)
The ethnic theme (Vietnamese) does not disrupt the essential features of this place.
New neighborhoods (commuter residential)
Sector Model
Old industrial development axis
Canal de Lachine, Montreal
• Old linear feature dating from 19th c.
• Enduring area of working-class housing
Sector Model
Homer Hoyt 1930s wedges form along
transportation corridors railroads & canals
lined by industrial districts
main roads & some waterfronts lined by houses of the wealthy
Households of different income and ethnic groups filter towards outer edge in the pre-established direction Vacancy chain
Freeways do not follow this pattern why not?
Sectors and zones in a real city (Chicago)
What accounts for the high-income sector north of the CBD?
Multi-nucleated metropolis (Harris & Ullman)
Why are some industrial regions located in the transition zone and others are at the outskirts of the city? (hint: think of economic utility in conjunction with urban growth)
Low-rent residential (DC)
Decentralized city
What might be happening near to the pedestrian mall?
Festival marketplace (Quincy Market, Boston)
Decentralized city
Why is the newest housing separated from the rest of the city?
Leapfrog development
Office park locations in Atlanta, GA
Office park
Gated Community
What are 3 factors that determine where the richest families will live?
Factors affecting where the richest families will live1. lower cost of land2. newer infrastructure3. access to desired facilities and
geographical locations (what are these?)4. negative perception of certain social
groups (racism and classism)5. status-seeking behavior6. willingness and ability to commute
Factors affecting where the poorest families will live
1. scarcity of affordable housing2. inability to avoid inadequate or
decaying infrastructure3. inability to maximize access to desired
facilities4. spatial avoidance by those in more
favored groups5. ability/inability to commute (creates
two zones of low-income housing)