Urban Redevelopment and Air Quality in Urban Redevelopment and Air Quality in Fushun, PRCFushun, PRC

Simon EgglestonEU-China Liaoning Integrated Environmental

Programme

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

This study has only been possible with the detailed work by the team in Fushun and the support of the Environmental Protection Bureaux and Environmental Monitoring Centres of Liaoning and Fushun

LIEP Air Quality ManagementLIEP Air Quality Management

Part of Liaoning Integrated Environmental Programme

This part of project aims to identify cost effective air pollution control strategies for Fushun

Also providing equipment and training

FushunFushun

Fushun

Beijing

FushunFushun

In NE China, Liaoning Province Old coal mining & industrial city –

large open-case mines, Three refineries Two large steel works Two large cement works Aluminium plant …

Fushun 2000 - 2010Fushun 2000 - 2010

PopulationModelled Urban Area

PopulationFushun City

GDP million RMB

2000 1,380,200 2,343,000 23,220

2005 1,498,900 2,354,700 38,000

2010 1,548,030 2,355,700 46,000

Fushun Growth – Coal UseFushun Growth – Coal Use

2000 2005 2010

Power Stations & District Heating

4.75 5.50 6.00

Industrial 1.67 1.50 1.00

Domestic 0.50 0.20 0.10

Total 6.92 7.20 7.10

Fushun TSP (mg/m3)Fushun TSP (mg/m3)

AirAir QualityQuality AimsAims

“To achieve the class 2 standard everywhere people live”

“To achieve this improvement in a cost-effective way”

Health Impacts – Estimated CasesHealth Impacts – Estimated Cases

Cases in 2000 Cases in 2005 if pollution unchanged

Respiratory hospital admissions 325 353

Asthma 51,500 55,800

Acute upper respiratory inflammation

40,800 44,100

Acute lower respiratory inflammation

55,000 59,500

Bronchitis 50,500 54,600

Emphysema 5,050 5,460

Mortality (based on lost life years) 2,040 2,210

Institutional Arrangements for Environmental Institutional Arrangements for Environmental Regulation and AdministrationRegulation and Administration

PlanningPlanning

Fushun government has 35 departments

Each produce a 10th five year plan Many of these can have impacts on air

quality Environmental Protection Bureau These are not well coordinated

Some Offices Involved in Air Quality Some Offices Involved in Air Quality ManagementManagement

Environmental Monitoring Centre

Fushun General Gas Company

Fushun Heating Company

Fushun Commodity Price Bureau

Fushun New Style Wall Material Energy Saving Office

Fushun Boiler Inspection Bureau

Power Companies Planning Bureau Financial Bureau Fushun Mineral

Affairs Bureau Municipal Technical

Supervisory Bureau

SourcesSources of PMof PM1010 in Fushun in Fushun

Remote SourcesRemote Sources

From rural area outside city, neighbouring cities and other provinces

Implies need for coordination with other municipalities and also at a provincial level

The provincial EPB has started a project looking at the central city group air quality.

PMPM1010 – Sources & Impact – Sources & Impact

% of Emissions

% of Concentrations

Large Point Sources 43 15

Small Heating Sources (<20m) 1 9

Small Production (<20m) 2 6

Road Traffic 1 0

Road Dust 32 19

Other Fugitive Dust Emissions 21 13

Remote Sources of PM10 39

PMPM1010 – Fushun – Fushun

EU StandardClass 1Class 2Class 3Over Class 3Appartments

Indust r i alSingle story

CasesCases

Base Case Population growth & urban

redevelopment Pollution Abatement

Base case plus range of pollution abatement measures

Energy Efficiency Pollution Abatement plus energy

efficiency programme

Urban RedevelopmentUrban Redevelopment

Single-story Housing replaced by apartments, 2.39 km2 by 2005 at a cost of 1.34 billion RMB.

District heating plant extended – small heating boilers replaced , an additional 17.1 million m2 heated – 120 million RMB

Landscaping, tree planting, green belt, parks and river improvements, 456.1 million RMB by 2005

Urban RedevelopmentUrban Redevelopment

Clearly this is not being done for air quality management alone

Work aims at improving living conditions, overall environment and encouraging investment.

Work has been planned without air quality input but will provide significant air quality improvements

Costs of Air Pollution – 2005 Costs of Air Pollution – 2005 (million RMB)(million RMB)

2000 2005 population

2000 pollution

2005 – Baseline

2005 – Baseline

+ PA

2005 – Baseline

+ PA + EC

Fugitive sources

79 86 56.4 56.4 56.4

Local Sources

114 122 98.9 76.7 67.4

Remote 130 141 141 141 141

Total 322 348 296 274 265

% change from 2000

8 -8 -15 -18

% change from 2000 – under local control

8 -19 -31 -36

PA – Pollution Abatement Measures, EC – Energy Conservation Measures

Data CollectionData Collection

First we need to understand the changes that are taking place – the urban redevelopment

Population is increasing, urban redevelopment plans, 10th 5 year plan, industrial changes

Fushun PMFushun PM1010

2000 Situation

Fushun PMFushun PM1010

2005 with impact of increased population 2005 with impact of increased population and urban redevelopmentand urban redevelopment

Fushun PMFushun PM1010

2000 urban redevelopment + Pollution Abatement2000 urban redevelopment + Pollution Abatement

Fushun PMFushun PM1010

2005 Base case + Pollution Abatement 2005 Base case + Pollution Abatement + Energy Efficiency+ Energy Efficiency

ConclusionsConclusions

Only widespread co-operation and information exchange can lead to an understanding of the current trends in air quality and its impacts

The significance of the contributions from outside the city mean that networks of cooperation and information exchange need to be extended outside the city on a provincial and national level

Conclusions (2)Conclusions (2)

Urban redevelopment and energy conservation can lead to large, cost-effective reductions in air pollution and its impacts, however their control is outside the environmental organisations and so they need to develop the expertise, reputation and authority to inform these developments

Conclusions (3)Conclusions (3)

Some pollution problems can only be solved by pollution abatement measures. These need to be examined to ensure that money and resources are used effectively with actions selected to reduce the impacts of air pollution, not just emissions.