SUBMITTED TO: Sir Zahid MahmoodSUBMITTED BY: Muhammad Afzal ROLL NO 30

MSc Anthropology (Ist) BAHAUDDIN ZAKAIRYA UNIVERSITY MULTAN

UrbanizationUrbanization is defined as the process by which an increasing proportion of the total population lives in towns and cities. One estimate suggests that in 1800 only 3% of world’s population were urban dwellers this increased to 48% in 1998 and is estimated to rise to 60% by 2025.

Region Percentage Urbanisation (%)

Urban Growth Rate (%)

  1950

2000 2000 2030 1950 -2000

2000-2030

World 30 38 47 60 2.7 1.8

More Developed Countries

55 70 76 84 1.4 0.4

Less Developed Countries

18 27 40 86 3.7 2.3

North America 64 74 77 84 1.6 0.9

Europe 52 67 75 83 1.3 0.2

Oceania 62 72 70 74 2.0 1.2

Latin America & Caribbean

41 61 73 83 3.5 1.5

Africa 13 25 38 55 4.4 3.2

Asia 17 25 37 53 3.4 2.2

The process of urbanisation is advanced – 76% of the population reside in cities and is expected to increase to 84% by 2030 (i.e. North America, Europe and Oceania)

The level of urbanisation is high, but growth rate is low between 1950 and 2000 (1.4%) and is expected to decline to 0.4% between 2000 and 2030.

Concentric Zone ModelIt was developed by Ernest Burgess in 1924Known as one of the earliest theoretical model to explain urban social structure.According to Burgess the city develops in rings with the CBD in the centre.This model was applied to Chicago.

Natural IncreaseNatural IncreaseTowns like other areas of the country, grow in population as the people who live in them have Children.

MigrationMigrationKingston is also gaining population by people moving into the city from the rural areas.

Social AmenitiesSocial AmenitiesTown provides chances of a better education ( since the best schools can be found there), improved healthcare facilities and recreation in the form of cinemas, race courses and playing fields.

Urban unemployment Overcrowding:- Crime and violence Spread of diseases Poor sewage disposal system. Traffic congestion Pollution.

Decentralisation: This encourages development away from capital cities.Land zoning laws: In a number of large cities a green belt policy has been adopted to protect farmed areas at the edge of cities from development.

Provide recreational opportunities for the urban populationPrevent loss of farmlandProtect wildlife