Asia-Pacific-U.S. Urban Dialogue PROGRAM

Urbanization Policy in an Uncertain Economy 29-31 March 2010

Table of Contents

URBAN ASIA Seminar Series 1 Introduction to Seminar Discussion Topic Urbanization Policy in an Uncertain Economy 2 List of Participants 3 Seminar Agenda 5 Participant Biographies 10 City Descriptions

Bangalore 31 Jakarta 32 Shenzhen 33 Taipei 35 Denver 36 Miami 37

San Francisco 38

Seattle 40

City Snap Shots 42 City Snap Shot Summary 50 Rapporteurs 51 East-West Center 58 List of Suggested Readings 59

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Asia-Pacific-U.S. Urban Dialogue More than half of the world’s population now lives in urban areas. By 2015, 12 of the 22 megacities projected to develop worldwide will be in Asia, and by 2030 Asia will account for more than half of the world’s urban population. This massive demographic shift has been pivotal to expanded economic development and increased wealth in the region, but it has also produced new challenges in virtually every aspect of human organization. It demands a new look at urban planning strategies, infrastructure, lifestyles, welfare needs, employment, housing, health care, food, shelter, water, and basic social interactions. At the same time, this surge in urbanization is changing the social fabric of countries, forcing a rethinking of the relationship between national and local governments and creating new power centers outside of the traditional political hierarchy. In addition, the rapid growth of megacities and midsize cities has strained existing urban administrative systems, which are struggling to respond to unprecedented political, economic, social, and physical changes. Government, civil society, and corporations must learn to adapt and innovate—while simultaneously preparing for future growth. These issues are being examined in the East-West Center’s Asia-Pacific-U.S. Urban Dialogue program. The interdisciplinary, multi-country dialogue program promotes active city-to-city learning exchanges by offering key decision makers and urbanization specialists the opportunity—in a relaxed and informal setting—to talk freely and openly about the critical urban transformation challenges they face. Launched in 2008, each seminar brings together small groups of mayors and other high-level government leaders, urban planning practitioners, urbanization scholars, and civil society and private sector representatives from the United States, Asia, and elsewhere. These diverse groups share and reflect on long-term strategic visions and policy options for managing urban growth. Through informal, roundtable dialogue using a knowledge-based approach that integrates experience and data, the seminar asks the following questions:

How do cities learn? What 21st Century tools will help shape our responses to the urban transformation? How do we build sustainable prosperity into the urban growth process? How do we mobilize populations, governments, institutions, and civil society to forge a

common plan of action? What are the “building blocks” of effective urban planning? How can innovation be utilized to address the challenges of rapid urbanization?

This second seminar in the Urban Dialogue program examines the short- and long-term structural changes in urbanization and governance policies, strategies, and actions taking place in cities as they continue to adapt to current global economic uncertainties. East-West Center The East-West Center was established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to promote better relations and understanding between the United States and the nations of Asia and the Pacific region. For 50 years, the Center has served as a vigorous hub for cooperative research, education, and dialogue on critical issues of common concern. It provides a meeting ground where people with a wide range of perspectives exchange views and experience for the purpose of strengthening policy options in the Asia Pacific region.

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Urbanization Policy in an Uncertain Economy 28-31 March 2010

East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

Introduction to Seminar Discussion Topic The sustained growth and rapid urbanization that has taken place over the past decade—especially in Asia—has forced city governments to deal with extraordinary, unprecedented challenges. The seminar will examine how urban centers and metropolitan regions are adapting to current economic realities while simultaneously preparing for future development. City services and sectors have been impacted by the uncertainties of the current financial situation in a variety of ways. These include slowed investment in “life critical” infrastructure (water and sanitation, solid waste, energy, transportation, communications); reductions in social “safety net” programs for the poor (public housing, health, welfare); and increased incidences of crime, ethnic tensions, and civil unrest. Cities must find ways to create and adopt new urban governance policies—with the combined efforts of the public, private, and independent sectors—that foster sustained urban development. In addition to the worldwide recession, a host of other global problems—including climate change and natural disasters—are impacting cities’ capacities to improve and expand traditional city services and properly guide sustainable growth and development. Each city leader will have the opportunity to talk with their colleagues and peers about the challenges that they are currently facing in their city. The two questions below provide a framework for this discussion: Question #1 In these uncertain economic times, one thing is certain—cities must find new ways to continue to effectively address urban development needs now and in the future.

What key urban development objectives did you set for your city in the past year? To what extent have these objectives been achieved? What was the most successful development activity? Why was it successful? What was the least successful development activity? What were the constraints? Describe one significant innovation that you introduced in order to reach an objective? What approaches do you think other cities could adapt to respond to their own urban

development priorities in an uncertain economy? Question #2 In the context of your medium term objectives for the city, please identify one major urban development project that is currently underway.

What are the governance policies and financial mechanisms that are you employing to accomplish this activity? (e.g. borrowing schemes, public-private-partnerships, city-civil society collaboration, government stimulus funds.)

In your view, how important will governance be to the success of the project? Through a panel discussion, the participating city planning directors will also have an opportunity to talk with their colleagues and peers about the challenges that they face in their cities: Describe one innovative policy that your city has adopted to further urban development priorities in light of current economic uncertainty. Please comment on whether you think that other cities could adapt this policy to respond to their own urban development priorities.

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Participant List CITY LEADERS Bangalore Dr. A. Ravindra Urban Affairs Advisor to Chief Minister, Government of Karnataka; Chairman, Centre for Sustainable Development Jakarta The Honorable Fauzi Bowo Governor of Jakarta Mr. Wiriyatmoko Kadari Hadisusanto Head, Urban Spatial Planning Department Jakarta Municipal Government Dr. Mohammad Danisworo Professor Emeritus, Architecture and Urban Design and Chairman, Center for Urban Design Studies, Institute of Technology Bandung; Former Chairman and member Architecture Review Board, Municipal Government of Jakarta Shenzhen The Honorable Tang Jie Vice Mayor of Shenzhen Municipal People's Government Mr. Wang Youpeng Deputy Director General, Commission of Urban Planning, Land and Resources of Shenzhen Municipality Taipei The Honorable Lin Chien-yuan Deputy Mayor of Taipei

CITY PLANNING DIRECTORS Denver, Colorado

Mr. Peter Park Manager, Community Planning and Development Miami, Florida

Ms. Ana Gelabert-Sanchez Director, Planning Department San Francisco, California

Mr. John Rahaim Planning Director, San Francisco Planning Department Seattle, Washington

Mr. Raymond Gastil Former Planning Director, Department of Planning and Development; and Planning and Design EXPERTS Dr. Eugenie Birch Lawrence C. Nussdorf Professor, Urban Research; Co- Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Dr. Tim Campbell Chairman, Urban Age Institute; Former Director of Urban Development Division, The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Dr. Shabbir Cheema Senior Fellow, East-West Center Research Program; Director, Asia-Pacific Governance and Democracy Initiative, Honolulu, Hawaii; Former Program Director, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN

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Dr. Allen Clark Senior Fellow, East-West Center Research Program, Honolulu, Hawaii; Manager, Natural Disaster Policy, Legislation and Management Project; Former Executive Director, Pacific Disaster Center Mr. Arif Hasan Chairman, Urban Resource Centre, Karachi; Founding member of Asian Coalition for Housing Rights Dr. Aprodicio Laquian Professor Emeritus, School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Former Acting Director, Special Program in Urban and Regional Studies, MIT; Former Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars Ms. Le Dieu Anh Country Director, Environment and Development in Action (ENDA), Ho Chi Minh City Dr. Bindu Lohani Vice-President, Finance and Administration, Asian Development Bank, Manila Ms. Maureen McAvey Executive Vice President, Policy and Practice, The Urban Land Institute, Washington, D.C. Dr. Eduardo Lopez Moreno Chief, State of the World's Cities Section, Monitoring and Research Division, UN-HABITAT, Nairobi Mr. Arthur Smith President, Management Analysis, Incorporated; Former Chairman, U.S. National Council for Public-Private Partnerships, Vienna, Virginia Mr. K.C. Sivaramakrishnan Chairman, Centre for Policy Research; Senior Fellow, Institute of Social Sciences, New Delhi; Former Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development

Dr. Douglas Webster Head, Global Studies Program; Professor, Schools of Politics & Global Studies, Sustainability, and Geographical Sciences & Urban Planning, Arizona State University Mr. Michael Woo Dean, College of Environmental Design, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California; Member, Los Angeles City Planning Commission Mr. Robert Yaro President, Regional Plan Association; Member, New York City Sustainability Advisory Board, New York Dr. Anthony Yeh Director, Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, University of Hong Kong; Secretary-General, Asian Planning Schools Association

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Seminar Agenda

Urbanization Policy in an Uncertain Economy 28-31 March 2010

East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii

Sunday, 28 March 5:30 pm Meet in the Tour Lobby (first floor) of Marriott Waikiki Beach Resort Hotel Board van transport Escorts: Ms. Meril Dobrin Fujiki and Ms. Mariko Davidson, East-West

Seminars 6:00 Welcome Dinner at the Liljestrand House Tantalus Drive, Honolulu Host: Dr. Charles E. Morrison, President, East-West Center 8:00 Board van transport to return to hotel

Monday, 29 March 8:00 am Meet in the hotel Tour Lobby and board bus transport to East-West Center Escort: Ms. Mariko Davidson

Unless otherwise noted, all seminar activities will take place in the Koi Room, Garden Level Hawaii Imin International Conference Center 8:30 – 9:00 Breakfast 9:00 – 9:20 Welcome Remarks Dr. Charles E. Morrison, President, East-West Center 9:20 – 9:30 Announcements Ms. Meril Dobrin Fujiki, East-West Seminars Development Coordinator THE CITY VIEW—Perspectives from Shenzhen and Bangalore Guiding Urban Development in an Economic Downturn: Key Issues, Coping Strategies, and Innovative Solutions 9:30 – 9:45 Introduction Dr. Allen Clark, Facilitator Senior Fellow, East-West Center Research Program 9:45 – 10:15 Overview: A National Perspective

Mr. K.C. Sivaramakrishnan Former Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development

10:15 – 10:45 Vice-Mayor Tang Jie, Shenzhen 10:45 – 11:00 Coffee and Tea Break

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11:00 – 11:30 Dr. A. Ravindra, Urban Affairs Advisor to Chief Minister of Karnataka, Bangalore 11:30 – 11:45 Follow-Up Questions 11:45 – 12:00 Group Photograph – Japanese Garden (participants only) 12:00 – 1:00 pm Lunch Makana Dining Room, Garden Level STATE OF THE WORLD’S CITIES 2010/11 UN-Habitat Flagship Report & Highlights from World Urban Forum 5

Ohana Room, Garden Level, Imin International Conference Center This one-hour session is open to the media and invited guests 1:00 – 1:40 Dr. Eduardo Lopez Moreno

Chief, State of the World’s Cities Section, UN-Habitat

Dr. Shabbir Cheema, Moderator East-West Center Senior Fellow and former Program Director, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

1:40 – 2:00 Coffee and Tea Break End of open session 2:00 – 2:15 Break OPEN DIALOGUE EXCHANGE Impacts of Economic Uncertainty on Short- and Long-term Urban Development Initiatives 2:15 – 2:30 Introduction

Dr. Aprodicio Laquian, Facilitator Professor Emeritus, School of Community and Regional Planning University of British Columbia 2:30 – 3:30 GROUP DIALOGUE (all participants) 3:30 – 3:45 Coffee and Tea Break 3:45 – 4:45 GROUP DIALOGUE 4:45 – 5:00 Discussion Wrap-Up 5:00 Board bus transport to return to hotel Evening free

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Tuesday, 30 March

Unless otherwise noted, all seminar activities will take place in the Koi Room, Garden Level Hawaii Imin International Conference Center 8:00 am Meet in the hotel Tour Lobby and board bus transport to East-West Center

Escort: Ms. Mariko Davidson 8:30 – 9:00 Breakfast THE CITY VIEW—Perspectives from Jakarta and Taipei Guiding Urban Development in an Economic Downturn: Key Issues, Coping Strategies, and Innovative Solutions 9:00 – 9:15 Introduction

Dr. Shabbir Cheema, Facilitator 9:15 – 9:45 Governor Fauzi Bowo, Jakarta 9:45 – 10:15 Deputy Mayor Lin Chien-yuan, Taipei 10:15 – 10:30 Follow-Up Questions 10:30 – 10:45 Coffee and Tea Break CITY PLANNING DIRECTORS PANEL— Perspectives from Miami, San Francisco, Denver, and Seattle Managing Economic Insecurity: Innovative Development Policies & Actions 10:45 – 10:50 Introduction

Dr. Allen Clark, Facilitator 10:50 – 11:05 Ms. Ana Gelabert-Sanchez, City Planning Director, Miami, Florida 11:05 – 11:20 Mr. John Rahaim, City Planning Director, San Francisco, California 11:20 – 11:35 Mr. Peter Park, City Planning Director, Denver, Colorado 11:35 – 11:50 Mr. Raymond Gastil, (former) City Planning Director, Seattle, Washington 11:50 – 12:00 Follow-Up Questions 12:00 – 1:00 pm Lunch

Makana Dining Room, Garden Level OPEN DIALOGUE EXCHANGE Impacts of Economic Uncertainty on Short- and Long-term Urban Development Initiatives 1:00 – 1:15 Introduction

Dr. Tim Campbell, Facilitator Chairman, Urban Age Institute 1:15 – 3:15 GROUP DIALOGUE (all participants) 3:15 – 3:30 Coffee and Tea Break

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3:30 – 4:30 GROUP DIALOGUE 4:30 – 4:45 Discussion Wrap-Up 4:45 – 5:15 Break/ Light refreshments

Tagore Room (second floor), Hawaii Imin International Conference Center 5:30 – 7:00 EAST-WEST CENTER 50TH ANNIVERSARY EVENT

Keoni Auditorium, Hawaii Imin International Conference Center This event is open to the public and the media CITIES RISING: The International Role of the Metropolis Today

Governor Fauzi Bowo, Jakarta Vice-Mayor Tang Jie, Shenzhen Deputy Mayor Lin Chien-yuan, Taipei Mayor Mufi Hannemann, Honolulu

Welcome Remarks and Introductions: Dr. Charles E. Morrison Moderator: Mr. Ray Burghardt, Director, East-West Center Seminars

7:00 – 7:30 Reception on Conference Center Lanai 7:30 Board bus transport to return to hotel Evening free

Wednesday, 31 March

Unless otherwise noted, all seminar activities will take place in the Koi Room, Garden Level Hawaii Imin International Conference Center 8:00 am Meet in the hotel Tour Lobby and board bus transport to East-West Center

Escort: Ms. Mariko Davidson 8:30 – 9:00 Breakfast 9:00 – 11:00 FINAL OPEN DIALOGUE EXCHANGE (all participants) Dr. Aprodicio Laquian, Facilitator 11:00 – 11:15 Coffee and Tea Break 11:15 – 12:15 GROUP DISCUSSION—Seminar “Take-Aways,” Insights & Issues

Dr. Allen Clark, Facilitator 12:25 pm Board bus transport to hotel Afternoon free 6:00 Meet in the hotel Tour Lobby and board bus transport Escort: Ms. Mariko Davidson 6:15 Closing Dinner King Kamehameha Suite, Royal Hawaiian Hotel, Waikiki

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8:15 Board bus transport to return to hotel End of Seminar

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Participants CITY LEADERS Bangalore Dr. A. Ravindra Urban Affairs Advisor to Chief Minister, Government of Karnataka; Chairman, Centre for Sustainable Development Dr. A. Ravindra is the urban affairs advisor to the Chief Minister of the Government of Karnataka. In this capacity, Dr. Ravindra formulates policies and strategies to guide urban planning and development in Karnataka State and the capital city of Bangalore. He also heads the Centre for Sustainable Development, a non-governmental organization dedicated to environmental and social issues such as water and energy conservation, e-waste management, and clean technology. Dr. Ravindra served as a member of the Indian Administrative Service for many years, developing and implementing public policy in different sectors, retiring as Chief Secretary of Karnataka. He specialized in the urban sector and served in many key positions including commissioner of the Bangalore Municipal Corporation; chairman of the Bangalore Development Authority; and secretary of Housing and Urban Development. His contributions include raising funds for the city—for the first time—through municipal bonds; property tax reform; and setting up Swabhimana, a citizen-local government initiative to promote community participation in city governance. In addition, he served as the deputy chairman of the State Planning Board and was responsible for preparation of the Karnataka Vision 2020 document. He is currently working on developing an “Urban Development Policy” for Karnataka and a new legislation for Bangalore, titled the “Bangalore Region Governance Act.” Dr. Ravindra holds a PhD in development studies and has written extensively on urban and public issues. His publications include “Urban Land Policy,” “Metropolitan Bangalore: A Management Perspective” and “Dance of Democracy.” He is a Visiting Fellow at the Centre for Public Policy, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. Jakarta The Honorable Fauzi Bowo Governor of Jakarta Dr. Fauzi Bowo is the first directly elected governor of Jakarta Capital City Government and is currently serving a five-year term (2007-2012). Governor Bowo has served in various leadership positions within the Jakarta administration since 1977, including vice-governor (2002-2007); head of the Jakarta Protocol Bureau; and head of the Jakarta Tourism Department. He began his career as a lecturer at the University of Indonesia. Governor Bowo has played a significant role in cooperation and partnership with other local governments as well as with International Organizations. He is the president of the Indonesia Association of Provincial Government, which has 33 provinces as members. Under his governance, Jakarta has become an active member of many international organizations, including CITYNET, Metropolis,and UCLG (United Cities and Local Governments). He is the co-president of UCLG Asia Pacific Regional Section Congress for 2008-2010.

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Governor Bowo studied architecture at the University of Indonesia and engineering at the Technicval Faculty of the University of Braunschweig in Germany prior to earning a PhD in city and regional planning from the Universiteit Kaiserlautern. Dr. Mohammad Danisworo Professor Emeritus, Architecture and Urban Design and Chairman, Center for Urban Design Studies, Institute of Technology Bandung; Former Chairman and member Architecture Review Board, Municipal Government of Jakarta Dr. Mohammad Danisworo is professor emeritus of Architecture and Urban Design and chairman of Center for Urban Design Studies at Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia. He has served as senior city urban planning adviser to five Jakarta governors, including Governor Bowo. He is also the former chairman and member of Architecture Review Board at the Municipal Government of Jakarta. In 1997 Dr. Danisworo founded the Planning and Development Workshop (PDW), a company specializing in strategic planning, urban and environmental planning and design, and architecture. He actively leads both PDW and MDA (Mohammad Danisworo Associates) in maintaining an extensive network and association with firms and consultants in Indonesia and other countries, such as the U.S.A., Singapore, Vietnam and the Middle East. PDW and MDA collaborate with national and provincial government bodies and public services, as well as private companies, on projects including new town master plan development, historic conservation and revitalization, urban design guidelines, as well as architectural design. Dr. Danisworo received his degree in architecture from the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; his master’s of architecture from the University of California Berkeley; and his PhD in urban environmental planning from the University of Washington. He has published widely on urban planning/design, and urban conservation issues. Mr. Wiriyatmoko Kadari Hadisusanto Head, Urban Spatial Planning Department, Jakarta Municipal Government Mr. Wiriyatmoko joined the Jakarta Capital City Government Department of City Planning in 1986. He has been subsequently promoted as a chief of Section (1988), chief of North Jakarta Sub-Department (2001), deputy head of Department for Construction Watch (2005), head of Department for Construction Watch (2006), and head of Department for Urban Spatial Planning (2008). Mr. Wiriyatmoko received an architecture degree from the Department for Architecture, Universitas Gajah Mada. Shenzhen The Honorable Tang Jie Vice Mayor of Shenzhen Municipal People's Government Dr. Tang Jie, Vice Mayor of Shenzhen, was elected in 2009. Previously, he served as the vice director of the Standing Committee of the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress (2007-2009) and Secretary General of the Shenzhen Government (2003-2007). As vice mayor, Dr. Tang is in charge of the Commission of Health, Population and Family Planning, Audit Bureau, Drug Administration and Legislative Affairs Office of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government.

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An economist by training, Dr. Tang has published essays in the Chinese press on the recent global financial crisis and economic trends, and he continues to supervise doctoral and masters students of economics at Nankai University. Dr. Tang holds a PhD in economics from the Institute of Economics of Nankai University. From 1992-93 he worked as a Fulbright professor and guest researcher at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. Mr. Wang Youpeng Deputy Director General, Commission of Urban Planning, Land and Resources of Shenzhen Municipality With many years of experience in urban planning, Mr. Wang Youpeng currently serves as deputy director general of the Commission of Urban Planning, Land and Resources of Shenzhen Municipality. Mr. Wang Youpeng holds a master’s degree in architecture from Hu’nan University. Taipei The Honorable Lin Chien-yuan Deputy Mayor of Taipei Dr. Chien-yuan Lin assumed the position of deputy mayor of Taipei in 2008. Prior to this, he was the city’s Commissioner of Finance. Dr. Lin was a professor of urban planning at the Graduate Institute of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University before entering government service. Deputy Mayor Lin is known for his extensive involvement in public policy analysis during his teaching career in university, especially in the areas of urban infrastructure planning and land development. Dr. Lin earned his PhD from the University of Washington in the United States. He also holds a master’s degree in urban planning from the National Taiwan University, and a bachelor’s in land economics from the National Cheng-chi University. CITY PLANNING DIRECTORS Denver, Colorado Mr. Peter Park Manager, Community Planning and Development Mr. Peter Park was appointed manager of Denver Community Planning and Development in 2004. Prior to coming to Denver, he served as the city planning director in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mr. Park specializes in urban design and planning work requiring innovative design solutions that balance development needs with unique site and design quality concerns. He has worked with a variety of organizations dealing with regional planning, neighborhood planning, urban design, design guidelines and building renovation. At present, he is working on the final draft of a comprehensive form-based zoning code for Denver. As planning director in Milwaukee, Mr. Park worked to create the Milwaukee Development Center (consolidating planning, zoning and construction permit functions), streamline development review procedures and complete a comprehensive update of the city’s zoning code. In addition to his work with the planning department, Mr. Park is an associate professor of Urban Design at the University of Colorado at Denver. He was formerly an adjunct assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Architecture and Urban Planning. The work explored

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in his design studios influenced significant development activities in Milwaukee including the removal of an elevated downtown freeway that makes way for more than 25 acres of new development. Mr. Park has lectured at various institutions including the University of Chicago, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Marquette University, University of Montreal, and the University of Tokyo. He has also spoken to numerous local and national organizations including the American Institute of Architects, American Planning Association, American Society of Landscape Architects, Congress for New Urbanism, Council for Urban Economic Development, and Urban Land Institute. Mr. Park holds a bachelor of science degree in architectural studies from Arizona State University, and a master’s in architecture, and a master’s in urban planning from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Miami, Florida Ms. Ana Gelabert-Sanchez Director, Planning Department As planning director at the City of Miami since 1998, Ms. Ana Gelabert-Sanchez has guided the city through major efforts such as Miami 21, the Museum Park master plan, the Coconut Grove master plan, the Virginia Key master plan, and the Parks and Public Spaces master plan. Under her leadership, she also led the review and approval of over 75,000 residential units, approximately 6,000 hotel rooms, over 8 million square feet of office space, and 7 million square feet of retail space, contributing to the Miami’s greatest growth period in history. Since 2004, she has led the Miami 21 effort to make Miami a more sustainable, pedestrian-friendly, and better planned City. Miami 21 was approved by the City Commission in October 2009 and will become effective in May 2010. Miami is the first major U.S. city to adopt a form-based zoning citywide. Ms. Gelabert-Sanchez’s directs all urban planning programs, including coordinating, developing, and implementing Miami’s Comprehensive Neighborhood Plan as well as administering a $2.8 Million budget and direct a staff of 30 professionals in the areas of general planning, land development, urban design, historic preservation, and community planning. She works closely with the development community and with Miami’s culturally diverse neighborhood groups, bridging their needs with quality projects that helped further the city’s goal of creating a sustainable community with a higher quality of life. Prior to being appointed planning director, Ms. Gelabert-Sanchez held several positions both as a planner and area administrator for the City’s Upper Eastside and Downtown neighborhoods, dating back to 1985. Before joining the City of Miami, she worked in the private sector in both architecture and land planning firms as well as an adjunct design professor at the University of Miami and Florida International University. Ms. Gelabert-Sanchez holds bachelor’s degrees in architecture and fine arts from Rhode Island School of Design and a master’s degree in landscape architecture from Harvard University.

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San Francisco, California Mr. John Rahaim Planning Director, San Francisco Planning Department Mr. John Rahaim was appointed planning director for the City and County of San Francisco in 2008. He oversees long range planning, development entitlements and environmental reviews for all physical development in the City and County of San Francisco. In addition, he is managing a number of planning initiatives well underway with the City of San Francisco, including a series of comprehensive neighborhood plans, a city-wide historic resource survey, and updates to the City’s General Plan. Mr. Rahaim was planning director for the City of Seattle (2003-2008). He was the founding executive director of CityDesign, Seattle’s office of Urban Design (1999); and the executive director of the Seattle Design Commission, the City’s primary design advisory panel for public projects and related urban design initiatives. Prior to his tenure in Seattle, Mr. Rahaim was with the City of Pittsburgh Department of City Planning, where he served as associate director in charge of development review and the rewrite of the City’s Zoning Ordinance. Mr. Rahaim received a bachelor of science in architecture from the University of Michigan, and a master of architecture from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Seattle, Washington Mr. Raymond Gastil Planning and Design; and Former Planning Director, Department of Planning and Development, Seattle, Washington Mr. Raymond Gastil has most recently served as city planning director for Seattle, Washington where he led the city’s long range planning efforts for neighborhoods, center city, and citywide. Major initiatives included a plan for a major district immediately south of downtown, as well as the planning and urban design for South Lake Union, a mixed-use district. He led the city’s Neighborhood Planning Update process, which incorporated an innovative approach to directly engage groups historically underrepresented in the planning process. Mr. Gastil’s professional career includes serving as director of the Manhattan Office for the New York City Department of City Planning, where he led projects ranging from the planning of Central Harlem (125th Street Corridor), which incorporated innovated arts/culture incentives, to the City’s coordinated role in the planning of Manhattanville in West Harlem (incorporating Columbia University’s campus expansion), as well as serving a leadership role for major mixed use projects including the West Side Yards, West Chelsea/Highline, the East River waterfront, Lower East Side/East Village, and the revitalization of the World Trade Center site. The role of major institutions in the City – universities, hospitals, museums – and their relationship to their neighborhoods was a consistent challenge. Before that, Gastil served as the founding director of Van Alen Institute: Projects in Public Architecture, where he led a groundbreaking program of ideas competitions, exhibitions, publications, and fellowships committed to improving design in the public realm. Among the most significant projects were the ideas competition for Governors Island, which served as a benchmark for the emerging role of landscape architecture in addressing urban sites; the competition for the new Duffy Square in Times Square, New York. Exhibitions included OPEN: New Designs for Public Space; Rebuilding: Renewing, Remembering, after 9/11, and his writing includes Beyond the Edge: New York’s New Waterfront (Princeton Architectural Press), which placed New York’s waterfront transformation in an international context. Prior to his work with Van Alen, he led the Regional Design work at the Regional Plan Association, addressing urban design, sustainability, and civic

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engagement issues that contributed to the Third Regional Plan for the New York-New Jersey-Connecticut metropolis/region. Mr. Gastil holds a master’s degree in architecture from Princeton University. EXPERTS Dr. Eugenie Birch Lawrence C. Nussdorf Professor, Urban Research; Co- Director, Penn Institute for Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Dr. Eugenie Birch is Lawrence C. Nussdorf Professor of Urban Research, chair of the Graduate Group of City and Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania School of Design, co-director, Penn Institute for Urban Research (Penn IUR) and co-editor, City in the 21st Century series, University of Pennsylvania Press. Her most recent books are: Urban and Regional Planning Reader (2009) and Local Planning, Principles and Practice (2009). Other publications include Rebuilding Urban Places After Disaster, Lessons from Katrina (2006), Growing Greener Cities (2008), and State of the New American City (2009). Forthcoming are “Neighborhoods and Life Chances: How Place Matters in Modern America” (2010); “Global Urbanization” (2010); and “Hopeful Signs: Urban Revitalization 1970-2000” (2010). In 2005, The Brookings Institution published Who Lives Downtown. Her articles have appeared the Journal of the American Planning Association, Journal of Planning Education and Research, Journal of Urban History, Journal of Planning History and Planning Magazine. Dr. Birch has held many leadership positions. They include chair, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania; chair, Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, Hunter College/CUNY; president, Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning; president, Society of American City and Regional Planning History; co-editor, Journal of the American Planning Association; and chair, Planning Accreditation Board. She has been a commissioner, New York City Planning Commission, a member of the jury to select the designers of the World Trade Center site. She is currently a member of the Board of Directors of the Municipal Art Society of New York and Scenic Hudson, Inc. Dr. Birch holds a bachelor’s degree from Byrn Mawr College, a master’s degree and a PhD from Columbia University in urban planning. Penn Institute of Urban Research, University of Pennsylvania The Penn Institute for Urban Research is a university-wide body that addresses the issues of 21st century cities locally and globally. The Institute believes that place matters in understanding political, social and economic phenomena and that spatially based approaches are essential to identifying contemporary urban challenges, strategies and solutions and their application to public policy. Penn Institute offers several programs to support urban-focused, cross–disciplinary instruction, research and civic engagement. Its programs focus on building knowledge in three critical areas: innovative urban development strategies; building the sustainable, 21st-century city; and the role of anchor institutions in urban places. Dr. Tim Campbell Chairman, Urban Age Institute; Former Director of Urban Development Division, The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Dr. Tim Campbell currently serves as chairman of the Urban Age Institute. He has worked for more than 30 years in urban development with experience in scores of countries and hundreds of cities in

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Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Africa. His areas of expertise include strategic urban planning, city development strategies, decentralization, urban policy, and social and poverty impact of urban development. Dr. Campbell retired from The World Bank in December of 2005 after more than 17 years. His most recent positions at the Bank were as Head of the Urban Team, and Head of the Urban Partnership, which was responsible for identifying changing demand and developing new Bank products and services for cities. He was the Bank-wide coordinator for City Development Strategies, a new analytical tool focusing on cities as the unit of analysis in national development. Prior to this he served as a member of the Advisory Group in Latin America and the Caribbean Region and was the Region’s Chief of the Urban and Water Unit. Before joining the Bank, he worked for more than 13 years as a private consultant and university professor. His consulting clients included private sector firms, governments, and international organizations. He taught at Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley. In addition to many policy papers on decentralization and urban policy, Dr. Campbell has authored several books. The Quiet Revolution, explores the rise of political participation in cities with the onset of decentralization in Latin America from 1983-1995 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003). A second book, Leadership and Innovation (The World Bank, 2004), is a collection of case studies about the innovation process in leading local governments in Latin America. Dr. Campbell holds a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, a master’s degree in city and regional planning from the University of California, Berkeley, and a PhD in urban studies and planning from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Urban Age Institute The Urban Age Institute is an independent, international NGO that fosters leadership and innovation between and among cities. The Institute focuses its program activities where its global partners and innovative cities can find new support and new insights—especially where cities can bring home innovations and apply them inside their own institutions. As its efforts focus on both public and private sector actions, Urban Age Institute is not confined to government policies and practices. It promotes city-to-city learning, cooperation and exchange as mechanisms to improve performance, increase competitiveness and advance the sustainable development of cities. Key outputs and products include policy and analytical work, publication of Urban Age Magazine, and the design and delivery of structured learning programs for city leaders located around the globe. The Institute works closely with national and local governments, academia, private corporations and NGOs—all to identify, assess and publicize innovative sustainable solutions to the planet's most pressing urban problems. Present and past clients include Environmental Resource Management Ltd., GTZ (the technical assistance agency of the Government of Germany), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Inter-American Development Bank, Lincoln Institute for Land Policy, Metropolis, United Cities and Local Governments, Toyota Corporation, Teijin Corporation, Urban Land Institute, The World Bank, World Health Organization, and many others. Urban Age Institute works with a wide variety of partners—associations, foundations, multilateral banks, companies and public agencies—to undertake initiatives that engage various constituencies and produce wide-ranging results. The programs aim to help leaders wherever they are building urban sustainability projects and seeking out smarter competitiveness strategies for their cities. An example of the Institute’s collaborative approach is The Meeting of the Minds—a special leadership conference—convened once a year, that aims to identify emerging trends and is built around a partnership linking the Institute with Toyota, the American Planning Association and Metropolis.

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Dr. Shabbir Cheema Senior Fellow, East-West Center Research Program; Director, Asia-Pacific Governance and Democracy Initiative, Honolulu, Hawaii; Former Program Director, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN Dr. Shabbir Cheema's current work focuses on governance and democracy in Asia and the Pacific—including civil society engagement, cross-border governance, electoral and parliamentary processes, transparency and anti-corruption strategies, and civil service reform. Before joining the East-West Center, he was principal adviser and program director for the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations (2001-07); the director of governance for the Division of United Nations Development Program (1995-2001); and manager of the Urban Development Unit (1990-95). As a senior UN official, he provided leadership in crafting democratic governance and public administration programs at the country level, and designing regional and global research and training programs in electoral and parliamentary systems, human rights, transparency and accountability of government, urban management and decentralization. Dr. Cheema has been a visiting fellow at the Harvard University’s Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation since 2005. He was the convener of the Ash Institute's Study Group of Eminent Scholars on Decentralizing Governance. From 1980 to 1988, he was a development administration planner at the United Nations Center for Regional Development, Nagoya, Japan. He has taught at Universiti Sains Malaysia (1975-79), University of Hawaii (1988-89) and New York University (2002-07). Dr. Cheema is the author of Building Democratic Institutions: Governance Reform in Developing Countries (Kumarian Press, 2005); Urban Shelter and Services: Public Policies and Management Approaches (Praeger, 1987); the co-editor of Decentralizing Governance: Emerging Concepts and Practices (Brookings Institution Press in cooperation with Harvard University, 2007); and Reinventing Government for the Twenty First Century: State Capacity in a Globalizing Society (Kumarian Press, 2003). Dr. Cheema received a PhD in political science from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Dr. Allen Clark Senior Fellow, East-West Center Research Program, Honolulu, Hawaii; Manager, Natural Disaster Policy, Legislation and Management Project; Former Executive Director, Pacific Disaster Center As a senior fellow, Dr. Allen Clark’s research interests include formulation and implementation of policy and institutions in support of sustainable national and regional development; development and implementation of disaster management and humanitarian aid programs; impact of global climate change and variability on urban development; assessment and mitigation of social, cultural and environmental impacts of resource development; integration of disenfranchised groups into economic development decision making and planning; and regional, national and project level assessment of social risks. Dr. Clark also serves as project manager of the Natural Disaster Policy, Legislation and Management Project, senior development consultant to the Pacific Disaster Center and executive secretary of the International Program on Climate Variability Risk Reduction. He is the founder and former director general of the International Institute for Resource Development and chief of the Office of Resource Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey. Dr. Clark is also a consultant for the Agency for International Development, World Bank, Asian Development Bank and United Nations. He has worked directly in more than 90 countries. Dr. Clark is the author/co-author of more than 275 publications, and acted as the convener of more than 50 international conferences and training programs.

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Dr. Clark’s publications include Social, Cultural and Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters; Poverty Issues in the Context of an Evolving Asia; Government Decentralization and resource Rent Revenue Sharing: Issues and Policy; and Managing Minesite and Local Community Issues—The New Reality of Mineral Development. Dr. Clark received a PhD in geology from the University of Idaho. He completed his post-graduate studies in mineral economics at Stanford University. East-West Center Officially known as the Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West, the East-West Center is an education and research organization with an international Board of Governors established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to strengthen relations and understanding among the peoples and nations of Asia, the Pacific, and the United States. The Center serves as a vigorous hub for cooperative research, education, and dialogue on critical issues of common concern to the Asia Pacific region and the United States. Through its programs and 50 years of service in the Asia Pacific region, the East-West Center has a worldwide network of more than 50,000 alumni and 600 partner organizations. The East-West Center is located on a 21-acre campus in Honolulu, Hawaii. A Washington, D.C.-based office, established in 2001, undertakes research on key domestic and international political and security issues in the region with a view to reducing tension and conflict and promoting peaceful change. To this end, East-West Center Washington conducts Congressional Study Groups and forums to inform and stimulate discussions around U.S.-Asia relations and prepares publications that analyze key contemporary issues of regional significance. The office also is the Secretariat for the U.S. Asia Pacific Council that serves to enhance U.S. engagement in the region through multilateral organizations, conferences, and policy-related initiatives. Mr. Arif Hasan Chairman, Urban Resource Centre, Karachi; Founding member of Asian Coalition for Housing Rights Mr. Arif Hasan is an architect and planner in private practice in Karachi, as well as an academic, researcher and development activist. Since 1968 his independent practice has emphasized urban planning and development issues. He has been a consultant and advisor to many local and foreign community-based organizations, national and international NGOs, and bilateral and multilateral donor agencies. Since 1981, he has been involved with the Orangi Pilot Project, first as its advisor and as its chairperson since 1999. He is one of the founder members of the Urban Resource Centre in Karachi, and its chairman since its inception in 1989. In addition, he is a visiting professor at the Department of Architecture and Planning, NED University of Engineering and Technology in Karachi. Mr. Hasan is also a founding member of Asian Coalition for Housing Rights in Bangkok and continues to be one of its most active members. He has been a member of the very prestigious Jury and Steering Committee of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. He is on the Governing Board of numerous local, national and international civic and public affairs institutions and is a visiting fellow at the International Institute for Environment and Development in the United Kingdom and a member of the UN's Advisory Group on Forced Evictions. He is the author of a large number of books on development and has received a number of national and international awards for his work. Mr. Hasan holds an architecture degree from the School of Architecture, Oxford Polytechnic University.

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Urban Resource Centre The Urban Resource Centre is a non-profit organization established in 1989 by Karachi professionals, teachers and young graduates from the Department of Architecture & Planning at the Dawood College, NGO activists mainly from the Orangi Pilot Project, and community-based organizations from low income settlements. The Centre was created to specifically address the planning process for Karachi, and to promote the interests of the lower and lower-middle income groups, small businesses and informal sector. Over the past 18 years, the Centre has sought to make the planning process more equitable and environmentally friendly to poor communities through alternative research, and advocacy. The Centre also supports groups in other cities of Pakistan and Asia in setting up similar resource centers. The work of the Urban Resource Centre has had a major impact on Karachi related policies and projects. Through the Centre’s lecture series and forums, civil society members and activists have met with government functionaries as equals. The major achievement of the Centre has been the formalization of a common structure of thought based on the principles of justice and equity regarding urban development that is shared with an important section of the media, academia, a number of government officials and departments, communities and NGOs. This in turn results in an informed and a more equitable dialogue and negotiations between different actors in the urban drama and the city, provincial and federal governments. Some examples of projects undertaken by the Centre include: (1) modifying mass transit projects to be less costly and more environmentally friendly; (2) recognizing the solid waste recycling industry as a major player in the solid waste management of Karachi; (3) selecting locally funded projects over more expensive international financed ones; and (4) documenting the histories of low income communities and their struggle to protect their land against evictions. Dr. Aprodicio Laquian Professor Emeritus, School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Former Acting Director, Special Program in Urban and Regional Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Former Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars Dr. Aprodicio Laquian is professor emeritus of community and regional planning at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. He was director of the University’s Centre for Human Settlements and professor at the School of Community and Regional Planning in 1991-2000. In 2001-2002, he was a visiting scholar and acting director of the Special Program in Urban and Regional Studies at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The following year, he was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington, DC where he wrote a book on the planning and governance of the 14 largest cities in Asia (Bangkok, Beijing, Delhi, Dhaka, Guangzhou, Jakarta, Karachi, Kolkata, Manila, Mumbai, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai, Tokyo). In 2007-2008, Dr. Laquian worked as lead urban planning specialist at the Asian Development Bank where he provided policy and operational advice on the delivery of urban services through public-private partnership schemes in Asian cities. Dr. Laquian has written or edited at least 24 books and numerous articles on Asian development, with special focus on urbanization, population growth, the planning and governance of mega-urban regions, inner city redevelopment, slum upgrading, and the delivery of urban infrastructure and services in city regions. These include Urban Development Experience and Visions: India and the People’s Republic of China (2008) and City Cluster Development: Toward an Urban Led Development Strategy for Asia (2008) both published by the Asian Development Bank. Other books by Dr. Laquian are: The Inclusive City: Infrastructure and Public Services for the Urban Poor in Asia (2007) and Beyond Metropolis: the Planning and Governance of Asia’s Mega-Urban Regions (2005) both published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press.

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Before moving to Vancouver, Dr. Laquian was chief of the evaluation division at the United Nations Population Fund in New York (1990-1991), the Fund’s country director for China, Outer Mongolia and North Korea (1984-1990), and senior adviser on population for the South Pacific (1982-1984). He was deputy director for social sciences and human resources at the International Development Research Centre in Ottawa (1971-1977) and director of research at the International Association for Metropolitan Research and Development in Toronto (1969-1971). He was a visiting professor at the University of Hawaii and senior specialist at the East West Center (1968-1969), visiting professor at University of Nairobi (1978-79) and associate professor at the College of Public Administration, University of the Philippines (1962-1969). Dr. Laquian has a bachelor’s degree in public administration from the University of the Philippines and a PhD in political science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia The School of Community and Regional Planning at the University of British Columbia is a unit within the College for Interdisciplinary Studies. Its mission is to advance the transition to sustainability through excellence in integrated policy and planning research, professional education and community service. The School was the first dedicated planning school in Canada, and is one of the largest graduate planning programs in the country. With more than five decades of experience in graduate planning education and research, it pioneered the integrated approach to planning for development. Ms. Le Dieu Anh Country Director, Environment and Development in Action (ENDA), Ho Chi Minh City Ms. Le Dieu Anh serves as country director of ENDA Vietnam (Environment and Development in Action). She is actively involved in the promotion and facilitation of the national Community Development Fund Network. This network, in partnership with the Association of Cities of Vietnam, is an important tool for the empowerment of the urban poor. Ms. Anh also advocates for a pro-poor approach in creating city development strategies and capacity building for local government agencies in urban development planning and management. Before joining ENDA Vietnam, Ms. Anh managed socio-economic and development planning projects for the public sector. Using a comprehensive approach to addressing economic, social, and environmental issues, she incorporated community participation and innovative housing solutions for the urban poor in projects such as water pollution abatement in urban canals in Ho Chi Minh City. In 2008 she presented this project at the UN Economic and Social Council meeting as an example of sustainable development cooperation. Ms. Anh holds a bachelor’s in economics from Kishinev State University in the former USSR, and a master’s in public policy from the National University of Singapore. Environment and Development in Action (ENDA) Vietnam ENDA Vietnam (Environment and Development in Action) is the Vietnamese branch of ENDA Tiers Monde, an international non-governmental organization that focuses on a research-action-training process in the development field. Through forums between stakeholders and providing technical assistance to city governments, ENDA Vietnam focuses on changing policies at the city and national level to address urban poverty with participation of the urban poor. Based in Vietnam since 1995, ENDA facilitates the implementation of community-based projects focusing on poverty reduction, environmental sanitation, resettlement, solid waste management, and rural development for ethnic minority groups throughout the country. In addition to partnerships with local governments and the Association of Cities of Vietnam, ENDA Vietnam has received long term support from Novib Oxfam,

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Cordaid, MAE, and UN-ESCAP to help the urban poor in Vietnam to improve their housing, water, and sanitation. In 2009 ENDA Vietnam created a program to develop a national Community Development Fund Network in partnership with the Association of Cities of Vietnam and the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. This network has grown from 8 cities to 28 cities, with the goal of 100 cities by 2013. The network facilitates community-driven, city-wide upgrading activities to help bring the voice of the urban poor to local government on the issues of their concern. Dr. Bindu Lohani Vice-President, Finance and Administration, Asian Development Bank, Manila Dr. Bindu Lohani is the vice-president of Finance and Administration of the Asian Development Bank. Prior to this, he was the director general of the Bank’s Regional and Sustainable Development Department and the chief compliance officer and special advisor to the president on Clean Energy and Environment. He also worked in the Bank’s Infrastructure and Environment Departments. Before joining the Asian Development Bank, Dr. Lohani served with the Departments of Housing and Physical Planning; Roads, and the Local Development of the Government of Nepal. He was also Division Chairman at the Asian Institute of Technology. Dr. Lohani is an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering of United States, a diplomat of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Council. Dr. Lohani holds a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Birla Institute of Technology and Science in India, a master's in environmental and sanitary engineering from North Carolina State University in the United States, and a PhD in environmental technology and management from the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok. He has also completed several management development programs, including administrative training for senior government officials, at the University of Chicago, Cornell University, and Yale University. Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank is an international development finance institution whose mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Headquartered in Manila, Philippines and established in 1966, the Asian Development Bank is owned and financed by its 67 members, 48 of which are from the region and 19 from other parts of the globe. The Bank’s main partners are governments, the private sector, nongovernment organizations, development agencies, community-based organizations, and foundations. Under Strategy 2020, a long-term strategic framework adopted in 2008, the Bank follows three complementary strategic agendas: inclusive growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. In pursuing its vision, the Bank’s main instruments comprise loans, technical assistance, grants, advice, and knowledge. Although most lending is in the public sector—and to governments—the Bank also provides direct assistance to private enterprises of developing countries through equity investments, guarantees, and loans. In addition, its triple-A credit rating helps mobilize funds for development.

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Ms. Maureen McAvey Executive Vice President, Policy and Practice, The Urban Land Institute, Washington, D.C. Ms. Maureen McAvey is executive vice president of the Initiatives Group for the Urban Land Institute. In this capacity, she leads a group which includes senior resident fellows and scholars in residence in special project efforts that address infrastructure, energy and climate change. Annual reports on current strategic issues around infrastructure and land use have been published in May 2007, 2008 and 2009. The annual infrastructure report provides updates in the United States and globally. The 2010 publication highlights water issues in 14 U.S. metro areas in addition to solutions and best practices in infrastructure development and finance. Land Use and Climate Change, published in summer 2009, focused on a survey of financial investors and lenders regarding their current practices in underwriting energy and climate change in making real estate decisions. Other recent reports focus on the opportunity for better land use planning and urban growth in future climate adaptation and mitigation. Ms. McAvey has over 30 years of experience in real estate development, consulting, and the creation of public/private financial structures. She was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Urban Land Institute from 1995-2001. Prior to coming to the Institute, she was director of business development for the Federal Realty Investment Trust, a New York Stock Exchange traded owner and manager of retail and mixed-use developments. In that position, she assisted in the establishment of a public/private financial structure for a mixed-use retail/housing development in Arlington County, Virginia. She also completed a similar public/private partnership with the City of San Antonio to further mixed-use projects there. Ms. McAvey has worked as a consultant for large firms, and as a public cabinet officer heading economic development, planning and development operations in St. Louis and St. Paul. She is a frequent national and international speaker and recently engaged in dialogues and presentations in India, France, and at conferences in China, Tokyo and throughout the United States. Ms. McAvey holds two master’s degrees: one from the University of Minnesota, and one from the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. She has also done extensive course work at Harvard Business School in commercial lending, investment management, finance and real estate development. The Urban Land Institute The Urban Land Institute is a nonprofit research and education organization whose mission is to provide leadership in the responsible use of land and in creating and sustaining thriving communities worldwide. The Institute sponsors a wide variety of educational programs and forums to encourage an open exchange of ideas and sharing of experience, and publishes a wide variety of materials to disseminate information on land use development. Established in 1936, the Urban Land Institute today has more than 30,000 members and associates from some 92 countries, representing the entire spectrum of the land use and development disciplines. Professionals represented include developers, builders, property owners, investors, architects, public officials, planners, real estate brokers, appraisers, attorneys, engineers, financiers, academics, students and librarians. The Institute is recognized internationally as one of America’s most respected and widely quoted sources of objective information on urban planning, growth, and development.

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Dr. Eduardo Lopez Moreno Chief, State of the World's Cities Section, Monitoring and Research Division, UN-HABITAT, Nairobi Dr. Eduardo Lopez Moreno is chief of the State of the World’s Cities Section, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) headquartered in Nairobi. He has over 20 years of academic and professional experience in housing and urban development policies, institutional analysis and urban poverty alleviation issues. Before his present position, Dr. Moreno was the chief of the Global Urban Observatory (2002-08) and senior technical adviser in the Bureau of Africa and the Arab States, UN-HABITAT (1999-2001). He was also chief technical adviser in Angola for UN-HABITAT (1996-99). Dr. Moreno currently serves as the Task Manager and principal author of the State of the World’s Cities Report 2006/7, 2008/9, and 2010/11, one of the UN-HABITAT flagship reports. He has also issued the UN-HABITAT report Slums of the World: the Face of Urban Poverty in the New Millennium (2003) and From Structural Adjustment to Poverty Reduction Strategies (2001). In addition, Dr. Moreno has published various articles for Habitat Debate, a magazine of UN-HABITAT for whom he is now member of the Editorial Board. Dr. Moreno has written an extensive number of publications including five books on topics related to social housing, land policies and urban development. His book Une Histoire du Logement Social au Mexique was translated into French and published by L’Harmattan in Canada, Hungry, Italy and France in 2001. His book La Cuadrícula en el Desarrollo de la Ciudad Hispanoamericana was awarded with the Prix of Research in Mexico and currently it is in its third edition. He has also published more than 30 articles in different national and international journals about urban history, local governance, urban policies and housing finance. During his academic career, Dr. Moreno was a visiting professor at the University Louvain-la-Neuve in Belgium (1993-96), and at the University of New Mexico in the U.S. (1991). He is member and founder of the Center of Metropolitan Studies in the University of Guadalajara, a research institute that he directed from 1992 to 1996. He also worked as a consultant in various development projects in Latin America and the Caribbean Region and Africa. Dr. Moreno has received numerous distinctions including Member of the Scientific Panel on Urbanization, University of Columbia. He is a board member of the Global Urban Development Programme, Prague Institute, and member of the Editorial Board of the International Magazine Urban Space, published by the International Art and Architecture Research Association in Teheran, Iran. Dr. Moreno has a bachelor’s degree in architecture and a master’s degree in urban sociology from the University of Guadalajara, Mexico, and a PhD in urban geography from the University of Paris III-Sorbonne in France. UN HABITAT – United Nations Settlement Programme The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT, is the United Nations agency for human settlements. It is mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. UN-HABITAT's programmes are designed to help policy-makers and local communities come to grips with the human settlements and urban issues and find workable, lasting solutions. UN-HABITAT's work is directly related to the United Nations Millennium Declaration, particularly the goals of member States to improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by the year 2020, UN-HABITAT's strategic vision is anchored in a four-pillar strategy aimed at attaining the goal of Cities without Slums. This strategy consists of advocacy of global norms, analysis of information, and field-testing of solutions and financing. These fall under the four core functions assigned to the agency

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by world governments—monitoring and research, policy development, capacity building and financing for housing and urban development. Mr. Arthur Smith President, Management Analysis, Incorporated, Vienna, Virginia, and Former Chairman, U.S. National Council for Public-Private Partnerships, Mr. Arthur Smith has more than 30 years of experience in analyzing and implementing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). He is past chairman of the U.S. National Council for Public-Private Partnerships, and U.S. representative to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe’s Team of Specialists on Public-Private Partnerships, elected Vice-Chair in 2008. Mr. Smith serves as a consultant and lecturer on PPPs for organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the International Law Institute and national governments, and as an expert witness in PPP-related litigation. He was a primary author of the UN Economic Commission for Europe’s publication, “Governance in Public-Private Partnerships for Infrastructure,” and has performed reviews of national PPP legislation for the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations. He is member of the OECD Partnership for Democratic Governance Expert Group. Mr. Smith has PPP experience on six continents and is the author of more than 30 articles on Public-Private Partnerships, published in six languages. Since 1977, he has served with the consulting firm of Management Analysis, Incorporated, where he has been President since 1995. Mr. Smith holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in technology management from the University of Maryland. Management Analysis, Incorporated Management Analysis, Incorporated is a leading global consulting firm that brings quality and innovation to the delivery of government services. Its core services include assisting governments with economic development and public-private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure. Recent projects include development of a Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy for the U.S. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; developing PPP case studies and training for the Asian Development Bank; developing PPP capacity building materials for the World Bank; and performing a PPP Feasibility Study for the Inter-American Development Bank in Jamaica. National Council for Public-Private Partnerships The National Council for Public-Private Partnerships is a non-profit organization founded in 1985 to advocate and facilitate the formation of public-private partnerships at the federal, state and local levels throughout the U.S. where appropriate, and to raise the awareness of governments and businesses of the means by which their cooperation can cost effectively provide the public with quality goods, services, and facilities. The council offers its members assistance in forming public-private arrangements, training and public education programs, conferences and issue forums, and networking opportunities.

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Mr. K.C. Sivaramakrishnan Chairman, Centre for Policy Research; Senior Fellow, Institute of Social Sciences, New Delhi; Former Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of Urban Development Mr. K.C. Sivaramakrishnan is currently chairman of the Center for Policy Research and a senior fellow at the Institute of Social Sciences in New Delhi. After joining the Indian Administrative Service in 1958 and holding various assignments in West Bengal, he served as secretary and chief executive of the Calcutta Metropolitan Development Authority. In 1985 he joined the Central Ganga Authority as its first project director and pioneered a program to combat pollution in the Ganges River. In 1988 Mr. Sivaramakrishnan became secretary, Ministry of Urban Development and was personally involved in the legislation to amend the constitution to provide a framework for decentralization and empower rural and urban local bodies. As chairman of the Environment Law Committee of the Ministry of Environment, Mr. Sivaramakrishnan worked with a network of National Law Schools to enhance the capacity of the legal community, regulatory organizations and NGOs in environmental law enforcement and adjudication. After retirement from the Indian Administrative Service in 1992, he joined the World Bank as a senior advisor of Urban Management. Since his return in 1996, he has been associated with the Centre for Policy Research and the Institute of Social Sciences. Mr. Sivaramakrishnan was a Parvin Fellow at Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University in 1965, a visiting professor and Homi Bhabha Fellow at the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta in 1977, and a senior lecturer at the Economic Development Institute of the World Bank from 1978 to 1982. He is member of several professional groups and associations including the Technical Advisory Group of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, a founding member of the prestigious India Habitat Centre, a senior member of the India International Center, senior fellow of the Institute of Social Sciences and a Trustee of the Ravi Shanker Institute for Music and Performing Arts. Mr. Sivaramakrishnan holds a master’s degree in economics and a law degree from Madras University, India. Centre for Policy Research The Centre for Policy Research is an independent and non-partisan research institute and think tank. Its main objectives are to provide thought leadership and creative solutions to address pressing intellectual and policy issues. It is one of the 27 national social science research institutes recognized by the Indian Council of Social Science Research, Government of India. The Centre’s faculty have considerable impact on policy and public debates. Institute of Social Sciences The Institute of Social Sciences seeks to provide socially relevant and activism-oriented research through the study of contemporary social, political and economic issues from an inter-disciplinary perspective. The Institute makes its research findings and recommendations available to government bodies, policy makers, social scientists and workers’ organizations. The Institute also monitors public policy and advocates positions based on relevant research. The Institute has since its inception in 1985 sought to bring to the centre stage the issue of participatory local self-government, people centric development and democratic governance.

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Dr. Douglas Webster Head, Global Studies Program; Professor, Schools of Politics & Global Studies, Sustainability, and Geographical Sciences & Urban Planning, Arizona State University Dr. Douglas Webster is head of the Global Studies Program and professor in the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University, and professor in the Schools of Politics & Global Studies, Sustainability, and Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning. He has held academic positions in Canada, at the Asian Institute of Technology, and Stanford and Utrecht Universities. He is author of many publications on East Asian urban regions. Dr. Webster is currently completing a book with Professor Cai Jianming of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on China: The Urban Difference. Dr. Webster’s current research interests include urban land efficiency and sustainability in East Asia, Thai urban policy frameworks in an amenity economy; and high speed rail driven megapolitan formation in China. He currently holds a Lincoln Institute Fellowship to study the relationships between land and property markets and urban efficiency / sustainability in China. At Arizona State University he is involved in establishing cross-disciplinary programs on global sustainable urbanization. Dr. Douglas Webster has served as senior adviser, strategic analyst, and research partner for a number of leading international agencies on Chinese, East Asian, and Southeast Asian urbanization, including the World Bank, United States National Academies of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, United Nations, Cities Alliance, and Shui On Corporation. He was senior consulting professor at Stanford University in the Dynamics of East Asian Urbanization program and was professor and chairman of urban and regional planning and geoinformation management at Europe’s International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation. A former World Bank staff member, he served as senior urban policy advisor to the Thai Government for 10 years. Dr. Webster holds a bachelor’s degree from the University of Toronto, a master’s degree from the University of Waterloo, and a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. Arizona State University School of Sustainability Arizona State University's School of Sustainability is the first of its kind: a comprehensive degree-granting program with a trans-disciplinary focus on finding real-world solutions to environmental, economic, and social challenges. Established in 2007, the School is part of the Global Institute of Sustainability. School of Politics and Global Studies The School of Politics and Global Studies offers a curriculum that addresses society’s understanding of politics and governance at local, national and global levels. The School emphasizes research that links theory with real world issues; and action, through policy. Important thematic areas reflected in faculty research and teaching, include: political philosophy; law and politics; violence, conflict and human rights; urban, economic development, migration, and environmental issues; religion and politics; campaigns and elections; and women, minorities, and politics. School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning The Arizona State University School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning offers instruction, research and outreach in geography, urban planning, and GIS.

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Mr. Michael Woo Dean, College of Environmental Design, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California; Member, Los Angeles City Planning Commission Mr. Michael Woo is dean of the College of Environmental Design at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. His appointment as dean in 2009 represents the latest chapter in a career in urban planning, sustainable community-building, and public service. He was the first trained urban planner and the first Asian American elected to the Los Angeles City Council, representing a highly diverse constituency of 235,000 people in Hollywood and surrounding neighborhoods. In this position, he initiated the Hollywood Redevelopment Plan which set the legal and financial framework for the current revitalization of the Hollywood entertainment district and played a key role in selecting the route and station locations of the Metro Red Line subway. After eight years, Mr. Woo gave up his City Council seat and ran for Mayor of Los Angeles. Out of 24 candidates, Mr. Woo reached second place, ultimately winning 46 percent of the citywide vote in a hotly-contested, nationally-observed run-off election campaign. Although Mr. Woo no longer holds elective office, he continues to play an active role in public life. At the national level, he chairs the Board of Directors of Smart Growth America, the national coalition advocating alternatives to urban sprawl and dependency on private automobile travel. At the state level, he was appointed by the California Air Resources Board to advise on the setting of regional targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions linked to land use and transportation. At the local level, he is a mayoral appointee to the Los Angeles City Planning Commission. In recent years, he has become increasingly interested in China’s urbanization challenges. He was co-instructor of the Beijing Lab at the University of Southern California, bringing 31 graduate students to Beijing for an intensive two-week collaboration with Peking University students, and organized month-long training programs for three delegations of Shenzhen government officials visiting the U.S. Mr. Woo earned a bachelor’s degree in politics and urban studies from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a master’s degree in city planning from the University of California, Berkeley. He was a fellow of the Institute of Politics at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, Los Angeles Chapter. College of Environmental Design, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona The College of Environmental Design is the California State University system’s only program to combine environmental design disciplines and offer graduate and undergraduate degrees in architecture, landscape architecture, and urban and regional planning. The design programs share the “learn-by-doing” approach of a polytechnic university, emphasizing the teaching of practical skills relevant to problem-solving in the real world. Los Angeles City Planning Commission The Los Angeles City Planning Commission is the official entity authorized by the Los Angeles City Charter to render judgment on major real estate development projects which are deemed to have city-wide impact and which require discretionary approval in order to receive construction permits. Composed of 9 private citizens appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the City Council, the Commission meets twice a month in open public hearings at which developers and other applicants explain their plans for development, and where members of the public and other interested parties may express their opinions about proposed development projects. The commissioners are volunteers and do not receive financial compensation for their service. Professional analysis and technical support is provided by the staff of the Los Angeles City Planning Department. Decisions of the City Planning Commission are subject to reversal or revision by the City Council (and are subject to veto by the Mayor), consistent with the philosophy that elected officials (not appointed commissioners) retain the ultimate responsibility for the major decisions of local government in a democracy.

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Los Angeles Los Angeles is the second-largest city in the United States today (after New York City), with a municipal population estimated at 3.8 million. The City of Los Angeles comprises the urban core of the County of Los Angeles, a larger entity with a population of 9.8 million including the City of Los Angeles and 87 smaller cities, and functions as the economic and cultural hub of the six-county Southern California region, with an estimated population of 19.4 million (approximately 48 percent of the population of the State of California). The City of Los Angeles operates one of the world’s busiest maritime ports and a Community Redevelopment Agency which has led the physical transformation of downtown Los Angeles, Hollywood, Little Tokyo, and other previously-dilapidated areas of the city. The city government’s chief executive is the Mayor elected on a citywide basis every four years. The city government’s legislative body is the City Council, consisting of 15 members, each elected to represent a geographic district. Mr. Robert Yaro President, Regional Plan Association; Member, New York City Sustainability Advisory Board, New York Mr. Robert Yaro is the president of Regional Plan Association, America’s oldest independent metropolitan policy, research and advocacy group. Based in Manhattan, the association promotes plans, policies and investments needed to improve the quality of life and competitiveness of the New York Metropolitan Region, America’s largest urban area. Mr. Yaro is also a member of New York City Mayor Bloomberg’s Sustainability Advisory Board. Since 2001 Mr. Yaro has been professor of practice in City and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania. He has also taught at Harvard University and the University of Massachusetts. Mr. Yaro holds a master’s degree in city and regional planning from Harvard University and a bachelor’s degree in urban studies from Wesleyan University. Regional Plan Association The Regional Plan Association is an independent, not-for-profit regional planning organization that improves the quality of life and the economic competitiveness of the 31-county New York-New Jersey-Connecticut region through research, planning, and advocacy. For more than 80 years, the association has been shaping transportation systems, protecting open spaces, and promoting better community design for the region's continued growth. The association anticipates the challenges the region will face in the years to come, and mobilizes the region's civic, business, and government sectors to take action. The association's First Plan in 1929 provided the blueprint for the transportation and open space networks that are evident today. The Second Plan, completed in 1968, was instrumental in restoring the deteriorated mass transit system, preserving threatened natural resources and revitalizing urban centers. Released in 1996, the association's Third Regional Plan, "A Region at Risk," warned that new global trends had fundamentally altered New York's national and global position. The plan called for building a seamless 21st century mass transit system, creating a three-million acre Greensward network of protected natural resource systems, maintaining half the region's employment in urban centers, and assisting minority and immigrant communities to fully participate in the economic mainstream.

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The Regional Plan Association’s current work is aimed largely at implementing the ideas put forth in the Third Regional Plan, with efforts focused in five project areas: community design, open space, transportation, workforce and the economy, and housing. New York City Sustainability Advisory Board The Sustainability Advisory Board assists the new Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability in setting the city’s green business and development agenda. The board is comprised of New York’s leading experts, activists, and business people. They are being tasked with identifying the highest-priority issues, setting targets, and choosing the best environmentally sound policies and practices for achieving objectives. Dr. Anthony Yeh Director, Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, University of Hong Kong; Secretary-General, Asian Planning Schools Association Dr. Anthony Yeh is head and chair professor of the Department of Urban Planning and Design, and director of the Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning at Hong Kong University. Prior to this he served as dean of the Graduate School of the University of Hong Kong. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners, the Royal Town Planning Institute, the Planning Institute of Australia, the British Computer Society and the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport. He is the recipient of the Croucher Foundation Senior Research Fellowships Award of Hong Kong in 2001 and the UN-HABITAT Lecture Award in 2008. Dr. Yeh has held key positions in international associations including as vice-president of the Commonwealth Association of Planners (1988-91), founding secretary-general of the Asian Planning Schools Association (1993-present), and founding secretary general of the Asia GIS Association (2003-present). His main areas of specialization are urban development and planning in Hong Kong, China, and South East Asia, and the applications of computers in urban and regional planning, particularly Geographic Information Systems (GIS). He has worked as a consultant for the Hong Kong Government, World Bank, Canadian International Development Agency, Urban Management Programme, and the Asian Development Bank. He has served in various government consultation boards of the Hong Kong Government, including the Lands and Building Advisory Committee of the Hong Kong SAR Government. At present, Dr. Yeh is the secretary-general of the Asian Planning Schools Association and Asia GIS Association. He also serves on the international editorial board of international journals in urban planning, urban studies and GIS. Dr. Yeh has published over 35 books and monographs and over 160 articles in leading international journals and books. His recent books include Developing a Competitive Pearl River Delta in South China Under One Country Two Systems (2006), and Urban Development in Post-Reform China: State, Market, and Space (2007). He has published papers in the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Urban Studies, International Planning Studies, Environment and Planning, International Journal of GISc, Habitat International, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Urban Geography, and Third World Planning Review. His current research focuses on city competition and mega-city region development and governance in China; high-rise living environment; elderly adjustment to new towns; short-interval land use change detection using radar remote sensing; and real time transport GIS. Dr. Yeh holds a bachelor’s degree from Hong Kong University, a master’s in science from the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, and a master’s and PhD in regional planning from Syracuse University in the United States.

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Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, Hong Kong University The Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning was established in 1980 at the University of Hong Kong. The centre promotes interdisciplinary research; offers a forum for academics, practitioners and the community to exchange views on urban studies and urban planning; undertakes contract research for both the public and private sectors; organizes seminars, conferences, and workshops; publishes working papers and monographs; and promotes inter-institutional, regional and international cooperation in urban studies and urban planning studies and urban planning. The Centre is active in publications and organization of international conferences. In the last two years, the Centre has held symposia on Regional Cooperation and Infrastructure Construction (June 2008), International Symposium on Mega-City Regions: Innovations in Governance and Planning (August 2008), 11th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (June 2009), and 10th Asian Urbanization Conference (August 2009).

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City Descriptions BANGALORE Introduction Once a cluster of villages, Bangalore was founded in 1537 when Kempe Gowda I built a mud-brick fort and declared it a province of the imperial Vijayanagara Empire. The city is located on a ridge top on the Deccan Plateau in Karnataka State (central part of southern India). It has become an economic and political center of the region, and one of the top technological hubs in the world. Brief History The area of Karnataka State was ruled by a series of Hindu dynasties, with historical references to the city predating 900 A.D. According to popular legend, in 1120 an old lady offered King Veera Ballala shelter for the night after he lost his way in the forest and served him baked beans for dinner. To show his gratitude, the King constructed a town and named it Benda Kalooru (baked beans). By 1831 the city was incorporated into the British Raj, and it became a center of colonial rule in South India. During this period, the city grew in size and importance with the introduction of telegraph and postal services, and a rail link to Madras. In 1906 Bangalore was the first city in India to have electricity. By 1927 several beautification projects (including parks) gave Bangalore the reputation as the “garden city.” The British retained an administrative and military presence until Indian independence in 1947. Bangalore Today Bangalore is the 29th largest city in the world today, and in 2030 it is projected to be the 33rd largest urban area. Called the “Future City,” Bangalore is full of expectations and challenges. Bangalore has experienced rapid growth since independence with a population increase from less than a million in 1951 to 5.6 million in 2001. The projected 2010 population is approximately 7.2 million (this rapid growth is second only to that if India’s capital New Delhi). Bangalore is home to leading science and research institutions and major global companies; Microsoft, Google, Intel, Cisco, Dell, and GE have established their centers here while Infosys, Wipro and Biotech have their headquarters in the city. The city contributes 30% of the software exports from India. Bangalore’s $50 billion economy makes it a prominent economic centre in India with a variety of manufacturing and service industry-traditional industry in addition to IT, including pharmaceuticals, textiles, radio parts, glassware, leather and footwear, and textiles. The impact of urbanization is clearly visible in the expanding urban sprawl, unplanned developments, rising land prices (held back as a result of recession), urban poverty and environmental degradation. Infrastructure development has not kept pace with demand precipitating shortages of housing, water, power and public transport and severe traffic congestion (an increase in the vehicular population to about 1.5 million cars, with an annual growth rate of 7-10%). City residents are witnessing a phenomenon of rising middle class prosperity and frustration about the quality of living in terms of civic amenities and governance. The Master Plan-2015 is the main document guiding the development of the city. The government has taken note of the shortcomings of the present planning process and infrastructure deficits and has set up a Task Force (Agenda for Bangalore Infrastructure Development-ABIDE) to address the various issues. Far reaching reforms in urban planning and governance, based on the recommendations of an expert committee, are engaging the attention of government.

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City Administration Bangalore is the capital of Karnataka State. It is the fourth most populous city in India. Most of the city lies in the Bangalore Urban District of Karnataka. The Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation (Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike or BBMP) is in charge of the civic administration of the city, run by a council composed of elected representatives from 198 wards. Bangalore is governed by a multiplicity of laws and institutions. Apart from the municipal body, there are parastatal organizations such as the Development Authority, Water and Sewerage Board, Electricity Board, and Road Transport Corporation. JAKARTA Introduction Established in the 4th century as an important trading port for the Kingdom of Sunda, Jakarta is located on the northwest coast of Java on an inlet of the Java Sea. Many rivers flow from the hilly southern parts of the city toward the sea and contribute to frequent severe flooding during the annual rainy season. Jakarta is also vulnerable to rising sea levels due to climate change. Despite this, the city has become the center of Indonesia’s industrial, educational, and cultural life. It is uniquely the seat of both the national and regional government. Strategically positioned in the archipelago, the city is also the principal gateway to the rest of Indonesia. As the largest city in Indonesia, it is considered one of Asia’s most prominent metropolitan centers. Brief History The first European fleet (four ships from Portugal) arrived in Jakarta in 1513, in search of a spice route. Dutch ships followed in 1596, and in 1602 The British East India Company sailed into the harbor. By 1619, however, the Dutch gained power and soon Jakarta became the capital of the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch built tall houses and canals in attempt to create an Amsterdam in the tropics, and by the early 1700s, the city’s population had grown, boosted by both Indonesians and Chinese eager to take advantage of Jakarta’s commercial prospects. Dutch colonial rule came to an end with the Japanese occupation in 1942, but it wasn’t until 1950 that Jakarta officially became the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia’s founding president Sukarno envisioned Jakarta as a great international city. Large government-funded building projects were undertaken including a highway, a major boulevard, hotels, and shopping centers. Over the next four decades, however, the city struggled under the weight of an ever-increasing population of poor migrants. In 1966, Jakarta was declared a special capital district, gaining a status approximately equivalent to that of a state or province. A “new order” was initiated through 1977, with the rehabilitation of roads and bridges, and the construction of schools and hospitals. Slums were cleared and migration to the city was controlled in order to stem the overcrowding and poverty. By the 1990s, foreign investment accelerated the city’s economic growth and contributed to a real estate boom that changed the face of Jakarta. The East-Asian economic crisis (1997/98) precipitated an economic collapse and political turmoil. Jakarta Today Jakarta is the 12th largest city in the world today. The metropolitan region (Jabodetabek) is the 2nd largest urban area. It is expected that by 2030 Jabodetabek will be the world’s largest urban area. The projected population of Jakarta in 2010 is approximately 9.5 million people; the population of the metropolitan area is approximately 22.5 million.

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The population of Jakarta has continued to grow dramatically. Much of the population growth is attributed to rural-to-urban immigration. Many of the migrants are jobless, uneducated, unskilled, and homeless. The economic and ecological challenges of absorbing a greater population are daunting, and the population growth has outgrown the government’s ability to provide sufficient basic needs for its residents. As one of the most populous cities in the world, Jakarta is strained by traffic congestion and resultant air pollution. Although traffic threatens to overwhelm the city’s street network, valuable lane areas have been dedicated for the public bus system. The tricycle taxi (becak) is used only for local neighborhood transportation. Other major urban concerns include environmental degradation, especially in the areas of sanitation and waste disposal. Flooding is an ongoing critical issue. The draining of swamps for building purposes and the continuous decrease of upland forest vegetation has increased the occurrence and severity of floods. There is a need to revitalize the city waterways, widening some river segments, to prevent further damage from the annual flooding. Jakarta’s economy depends heavily on financial service, trade, and manufacturing. Industry includes electronics, automotive, chemicals, engineering, and biomedical sciences. Most of the people work in trading, hotel, restaurant and other service-oriented jobs. The cost of living in the city continues to rise. Land is expensive and rents are high. Industrial development and the construction of new housing are usually undertaken on the outskirts, while commerce and banking remain concentrated in the city center. City Administration Jakarta is a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. The official name of Jakarta is Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta (Special Capital City District of Jakarta), abbreviated to DKI Jakarta. Jakarta is headed by Governor and broken into five municipalities each administered by a mayor: Central Jakarta, North Jakarta, East Jakarta, South Jakarta, and West Jakarta. SHENZHEN Introduction In 1979–when it was chosen to become the first Special Economic Zone in China–Shenzhen was a small farming and fishing settlement with about 30,000 residents. Thirty years later, the city has grown into a modern metropolis (the fastest growing city in the country), a gateway to the world for China, and one of the largest manufacturing bases in the world. Shenzhen is located at the southern tip of the Chinese mainland and eastern bank of the mouth of the Pearl River. Brief History As early as 1410, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen area served as a transportation hub to overseas kingdoms with an economy based on trade in salt, tea, spices, and rice. The 1842 Treaty of Nanjing resulted in British occupation of Hong Kong and subsequent expansion of British influence over the area known as Bao’an County (former name of Shenzhen). When the small border city of Shenzhen was formally nominated as a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in 1979, it was promoted to a prefecture level, directly governed by Guangdong province. The SEZ designation opened Shenzhen to foreign investment, technology and managerial expertise through the establishment of foreign-owned, joint-venture, and other business enterprises. From 1980 the city grew at a phenomenal rate. Wages and standards of living were significantly higher than the average in China, and vast numbers of workers and professionals flooded into the

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fledgling city to work in factories that produced electronics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, textiles, building materials, and processed foods. Chinese banks gave the city sizable loans to build new roads, housing, schools, and water, power, and communications facilities for a burgeoning population. In these early years of development, the cheap labor and cheap land proved attractive to Hong Kong-based entrepreneurs and many of them moved their manufacturing operations into Shenzhen. Worker housing was generally provided by the developer in the form of dormitory accommodations adjacent to the factory. The government’s priority at this stage was to provide the infrastructure needed to attract foreign investment. Shenzhen in the late 1980s and early 1990s underwent tremendous change in landscape from a hilly area with fertile agrarian land to a huge, mostly flat, construction site with a random distribution of completed projects, work under construction, and vacant plots. Key development challenges included critical lack of sufficient electricity, water resources, environmental pollution, residential housing, and public spaces. Towns and villages outside of the SEZ began competing to for industrial development through the establishment of their own mini-economic zones, and the conversion of arable land into factories. Migrants from other parts of China came to seek work, and this increase in population fueled land speculation in the area. The city introduced a new planning system in 1996 that restricted development outside of the SEZ to settlement clusters focused on the transportation corridor that follows the coastline (highways, railways, ports and airport). This new system created green areas and open public spaces, decentralized overcrowded housing area, and gave priority to construction of public service facilities. The plan put a freeze on the conversion of agricultural land to urban use and introduced a basic zoning system for transport, building/development, agricultural reserves, water reserves and landscapes, and protection of the natural environment. Shenzhen Today Shenzhen is the 13th largest urban area in the world today, with a projected resident population in 2010 of over 8 million people. The Shenzhen Government officially endorsed a plan in 2007 to integrate with Hong Kong and become a world-class metropolis. In 2020, it is projected that Shenzhen-Hong Kong could be the 3rd largest metropolis in the world, just behind New York and Tokyo. In 2008, Shenzhen's GDP grew by 12.1 % to 780.6 billion yuan (US$114.8 billion), and foreign trade volume ranked first in China at US$299.9 billion, up 4.3 % compared with the previous year. The residents now enjoy a US$13,153 disposable income per capita and companies contribute a huge export volume, both unrivaled by any other city on Chinese mainland. Shenzhen is home to some of China’s most successful high technology companies, including Huawei, Tencent, ZTE, and Lenovo (ThinkPad notebook computers). It is expected that rapid development of Shenzhen will continue for at least the next 15 years. With a new influx of emigrants from inland China, the city is experiencing a second stage boom. Development challenges related to creating new urban space in the future are being addressed through “urban regeneration” policies and not through a reduction in designated farm and ecological lands. Shenzhen will continue to emphasize sustainable and green mixed-use and high density development projects. The city recently adopted a framework agreement to become China’s first low carbon eco-demonstration city, promoting energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly urban development activities. City Administration China identified Shenzhen as its first Special Economic Zone in 1980. It is a sub-provincial city with direct jurisdiction over seven districts. The Special Economic Zone encompasses four of the districts:

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Luohu (financial and trading center), Futian (municipal government center), Nanshan (high-tech industry center), and Yantian (deepwater container port–4th largest in the world). The city is administered by the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, and the Shenzhen Municipal Government. TAIPEI Introduction Taipei is situated on the northern tip of the island of Taiwan on the Danshui River. Due to its location in the Pacific Ocean, the island of Taiwan is directly affected by the Pacific typhoon season. This has not impacted the city’s continued growth as a major center of commerce and industry, and its status as a leader in the production of high technology and its components. Brief History In 5,000 B.C. the Taipei Basin (formerly a lake) was inhabited by aboriginal tribes. The Han Chinese began to settle there in 1709, assuming control of the area after defeating Dutch and Spanish settlers. Taipei City was made an administrative entity of the Chinese government in 1875. The city gained economic importance through overseas trade in tea. The Japanese acquired the island after the first Sino-Japanese War in 1895 and Taipei became the political center of the Japanese Colonial Government. Much of the city architecture and infrastructure dates from the period of Japanese rule. At the end of World War II, the island reverted to China. Taipei expanded greatly in the 1950s and 1960s. The city’s population, which had reached one million in the early 1960s, exceeded two million by the mid-1970s. Although growth within the city itself gradually slowed and stabilized by the mid-1990s, Taipei remains one of the world’s most densely populated urban areas, with the population continuing to increase in the region surrounding the city. Taipei Today Taipei is the largest city on the island of Taiwan. The projected city population in 2010 is approximately 2.6 million; the metropolitan area population is approximately 6.9 million. Taipei and its metropolitan area have long been the island’s foremost industrial and commercial trading center. Most of the important factories producing textiles and apparel are located here, as are manufacturing plants for electronic products, electrical machinery, motorcycles, and precision equipment. Taipei is also the home of the island’s shipbuilding industry. Due to the increase in population and priority given to office and industrial construction, an acute housing shortage is an issue. While the government has taken steps since the late 1960s to build affordable public housing, overall real-estate costs have remained high in Taipei. Still, there has been much new construction in the city center. The most notable commercial project is the Taipei 101 (Taipei Financial Center) building, which was the world’s tallest building when completed in 2003. Taipei maintains an extensive system of parks, green spaces, and nature preserves. In 2009 the city government launched a large scale urban renewal project aimed at revamping the landscape and skyline of the city and stimulating private investment and commercial opportunities. This project includes creating more public spaces, landmark buildings, artistic installations, and green areas. In recent years, Taipei adopted a series of environmentally-forward policies, including improved recycling and waste reduction strategies, and is gradually cutting back greenhouse gas emissions. As an example, Taipei has succeeded in attaining the goal proposed in the 2005 San Francisco Urban Environmental Accords that cities work to attain “zero landfill by 2040.” At that time, signatories

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from around the world found it an almost-impossible objective. Taipei can now offer a case study and model (through various specific measures) for all cities to attain that goal by 2010. Like other international cities in the world, Taipei continues to have serious traffic congestion. During the past several decades, the government has been working hard to solve the traffic problem with a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network that connects to the city’s bus services. City Administration Taipei City is a special municipality containing twelve districts- all administered under the city government. The city is surrounded by Taipei County, an amalgamation of several county-administered cities and towns. The city and county, along with Keelung City, form the Taipei Metropolitan Area. Taipei County was elevated to a special municipality in 2009. DENVER Introduction Founded in 1858 as a mining town during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush, the City of Denver is located on the South Platte River between the Rocky Mountains and the high plains region. With panoramic view of the mountains, the nation’s largest public park system, and 300 days of sunshine a year, Denver is a major center for outdoor sports (skiing, hiking, mountain biking, river rafting) as well as a transportation, industrial, and commercial hub (with one of the country’s largest livestock markets). Brief History Denver was an early stopping place for Indians, fur trappers, and traders. The city was devastated by fire in 1863, and a year later a flash flood swept away many buildings, including the city hall. With the completion of the transcontinental railway and links to Denver in 1870 and the resulting economic boom, the population increased from 4,760 to 106,700 in 1890. During this time, silver became more important economically than gold, although by 1893 the silver market crashed. After that farming, cattle and sheep ranching and tourism began to provide a more stable economy. Important industries originating in Denver include luggage manufacturing (Samsonite), and breweries (Coors Beer). Denver Today Denver is the 24th largest city in the U.S. today, and the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country. The projected city population in 2010 is 598,700; the metropolitan area population is approximately 2.4 million. As the largest city of a vast region between the Missouri River and the Pacific states, Metro Denver’s growth rate has consistently outpaced the national rate every decade since the 1930s. A large portion of the population growth is due to in-migration of highly educated workers from other states. People of European descent constitute the majority of Denver’s population, but Hispanics (particularly Mexican) comprise one-third of its residents. The region’s rapid growth since 1950 has increased the strain on its infrastructure, especially water and transportation systems. The vast majority of Denver residents rely on automobiles for transportation, and traffic congestion and pollution from auto emissions have been chronic problems. To proactively plan for the region’s growth, the Denver Regional Council of Governments created Metro Vision 2035, a long-range strategy that addresses land use planning, development, and transportation. Denver is poised to take a significant leadership role in FasTracks, the largest transit undertaking in North America, by implementing new transit lines and focusing growth into

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neighborhoods and areas near some 40 transit stations. Denver is conducting a major planning initiative to facilitate appropriate transit oriented development near current and future station locations. The planning process will identify a vision and strategies to direct appropriate change at these station areas and utilize the transit investment as a catalyst to enrich and enhance Denver’s neighborhoods. Implementation of the FasTracks project has been impacted by the economic downturn, especially due to a sharp drop in sales tax revenues. The City of Denver is on the verge of adopting a comprehensive form-based zoning code that will contain elements very similar to the code recently adopted by the City of Miami. The new Denver Zoning Code will address urban sprawl through code regulation based on a more sustainable pattern of growth. This new zoning code, based on the principles of smart growth and new urbanism, will guide development throughout the city for decades to come. Denver’s economy is based primarily on its geographic position and its connection to some of the major transportation systems of the country. Today the city serves as a commercial center for high technology industries including telecommunications, aviation, and aerospace, software, financial and business services, and health care. Tourism is a primary economic factor. The Denver branch of the U.S. Mint produces half of circulating U.S. coinage and is the nation’s second largest gold depository. City Administration Denver is the capital of the State of Colorado. The city is a consolidated city-county with an elected mayor and a 13-member city council and auditor. The council is responsible for passing and changing all laws, resolutions, and ordinances, usually after a public hearing. The city and county has defined 79 official neighborhoods that the city and community groups use for planning and administration. MIAMI Introduction The City of Miami was incorporated in 1896 primarily as a tourist destination. Located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades and Biscayne Bay in southeastern Florida, Miami has a true tropical monsoon climate and an active hurricane season (statistically the most likely major city in the world to be struck by a hurricane). Nonetheless, the City thrives as a well-known resort and port on the Atlantic Ocean and an international center for finance, commerce, culture, fashion, and entertainment. Brief History Miami holds the distinction of being the only major city in the U.S. founded by a woman. The Spanish established a mission in 1567 on land inhabited by Indians for thousands of years. After the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain in 1821, a few white settlers gradually moved into the area including Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. She was instrumental in convincing a railroad tycoon to expand passenger rail service to Miami in 1896, and it officially became a city with a population of just over 300 people. Miami and its metropolitan area grew from just over 1,000 residents to nearly 5.5 million residents in 110 years. During the Florida land boom in the early and mid 1920s, the city’s population increased, but the collapse of land speculation, compounded by a devastating hurricane in 1926, dampened Miami’s fortunes for more than a decade. World War II helped to expand Miami’s population and by 1940, 172,000 people lived in the city. After the political changes in Cuba in 1959, many Cuban immigrants came to Miami seeking refuge. The new Cuban-American population has since defined Miami demographics, culture, and politics to the present day.

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Miami Today Miami is the 43rd largest city in the U.S. today, and the 7th largest metropolitan area in the country. By 2030, the Miami Metro region is projected to become the 60th largest urban area in the world. The projected city population in 2010 is 425,000; the metropolitan area population is approximately 5.8 million. In 2008, Miami was named "America's Cleanest City" by Forbes Magazine for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. It is the only major city in the U.S. bordered by two national parks–Everglades National Park (a subtropical marshland) and Biscayne National Park. The city’s rapid population growth in recent years has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country as well as by immigration. Known as the Gateway to Latin America, Miami attracts an impressive number of foreign-born people, resulting in a large Latin American population that includes Cubans, Nicaraguans, Colombians, Venezuelans, Puerto Ricans, Argentineans, Ecuadorians, Brazilians, Dominicans, Haitians and Mexicans. Miami is not immune to national urban growth trends and has suffered the same fate that many American cities have over the last few decades: a transformation from traditional city centers into the sprawling suburbs and exurbs dominated by a life behind the steering wheel. Land speculation is another issue within and around U.S. cities that has shaped urban and suburban development. Since 2001, downtown Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers being built (more than 100 million square feet/9.2 million square meters of residential and commercial space). In some cases, however, the boom has resulted in a fractured landscape that has impacted socioeconomic conditions within the city. In late 2009, the Miami City Commission adopted “Miami 21,” an ambitious, contemporary zoning code reform for land use and urban development that takes into account economic development, historic preservation, parks and open spaces, arts and culture, and transportation. Miami is the first large U.S. city to adopt a citywide comprehensive zoning code that is based on the principles of smart growth and new urbanism. The city is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S., and many international company headquarters. Miami International Airport and the Port of Miami are among the nation’s busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The port is also the number one cruise/passenger port in the world. Tourism is an important industry, with the city’s beaches, conventions, festivals, and events drawing over 12 million visitors annually from across the U.S. and around the world. These visitors contribute over $17 billion each year to the city’s economy. City Administration The City of Miami is governed by a Mayor and five City Commissioners, who oversee the five districts in the City. The Commission has the power to pass ordinances, adopt regulations and exercise all powers conferred upon the city through the city charter. The Mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. SAN FRANCISCO Introduction Founded in the 1770s by Spanish cowboys, the City of San Francisco is located on a peninsula and includes significant stretches of the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay within its boundaries. Several islands in the bay are part of the city. Nearby are two active earthquake faults. The threat of

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major earthquakes plays a large role in the city’s infrastructure development. Nonetheless, San Francisco is one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the U.S., a popular international tourist destination, and a principal banking center (home to over 30 international financial institutions). Brief History Established as a fort and a Catholic mission by the Spanish in 1776, San Francisco became part of Mexico 45 years later in 1821. Under Mexican rule, the mission system gradually ended and its lands were privatized. After the Mexican-American War in 1848, California was ceded to the U.S. That same year the California Gold Rush brought thousands of treasure seekers–many from Europe, Australia, and China–to San Francisco, increasing the population from 1,000 to 25,000 by 1849 and transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. Many San Francisco entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush, establishing banks and developing the port to position the city as a center of trade. In 1906 a devastating earthquake and fire destroyed more than three-quarters of the city. The city rebuilt quickly (using earthquake rubble to fill 635 marshy acres to create the Marina neighborhood). During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the U.S. In the 1950s and 1960s the city began to lose industrial jobs and turned to tourism as the most important segment of its economy. The city underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing number of immigrants from Asia and Latin America. During the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, startup companies invigorated the economy, and high technology and entrepreneurship activities continue to thrive in the city. San Francisco Today San Francisco is the 12th largest city in the U.S. today, and the 13th largest metropolitan area in the country. It is expected that in 2030 the city will become the 66th largest urban area in the world. The projected city population in 2010 is 851,000; the metropolitan area population is approximately 3.5 million. San Francisco is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the larger San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.4 million people. The great wealth and opportunity generated by the internet revolution continues to draw many highly educated and high-income workers and residents to the city. Due to the high cost of living in San Francisco, however, many middle-class families have left, no longer being able to afford to live there. While the city has a reputation in the U.S. as a magical place (an elegant, handsome, and worldly seaport), city residents have had to face some stark realities of urban life: traffic congestion, air and water pollution, violence and vandalism, homelessness and poverty, and the general decay of the inner city. The critical issues facing the San Francisco today include its responses to climate change (encourage use of transit), growth management and population density (need for more open space), and public safety. With its large hotel infrastructure and world-class convention facility, the city attracts the 3rd highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the U.S. (more than 16 million visitors came to San Francisco in 2007, injecting nearly $8.2 billion into the local economy). Small businesses with fewer than ten employees and self-employed firms make up 85% of city establishments. San Francisco is unique in that a few of its parks and nearly all of its beaches within city limits form part of the regional Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which is one of the most visited units of

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the National Park system in the U.S., with over 13 million visitors each year. It is also one of the largest urban parks in the world. City Administration San Francisco is a consolidated city-county. The mayor is the chief executive and an 11-member county Board of Supervisors serves as the city council, responsible for passing laws and budgets. SEATTLE Introduction Founded in 1869, the City of Seattle is located in the State of Washington on Puget Sound, 113 miles from the U.S.-Canadian border. The city is situated in a major earthquake zone (Pacific Ring of Fire). Although its history is only 140 years long, in that time it has become the cultural, economic, and advanced technology center of the U.S. Pacific Northwest and a major port city for trans-Pacific and European travel and trade. Brief History Puget Sound and the Pacific Northwest were among the last areas of the Americas to be explored by Europeans, as almost 300 years passed between the arrival of the white explorers in America and their “discovery” of Puget Sound. The first U.S. settlers arrived in the 1830s, and between 1843 and 1860 approximately 53,000 people migrated to the Seattle area. Seattle’s early economic growth came from shipping logs to San Francisco. The first real boom came in 1897 when thousands of fortune seekers from all over the world came to Seattle on their way to the Klondike Gold Rush in Alaska. At the height of the gold rush in 1900, Seattle’s population reached 80,000, and by 1910 the population had jumped to 250,000. Seattle’s growth continued as the boom in aircraft manufacturing (Boeing) and shipbuilding brought tens of thousands new workers to the region. By 1965 Seattle’s population reached 565,000. Seattle has seen a major increase in immigration in recent decades. The foreign-born population increased 40% between the 1990 and 2000 census, with Hispanics and Asians the most rapidly growing population groups. This expansion is due, in part, to the arrival of workers–many of them skilled and educated–from around the world but also from recession-prone southern California. Seattle Today Seattle is the 25th largest city in the U.S. today, and the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The projected city population in 2010 is 602,000; the metropolitan area population is approximately 3.2 million. Growth, a constant theme in the city’s history, has been so persistent that regional planners now locate the city at the center of an emerging region called “Cascadia,” a corridor some 400 miles (645 kilometers) long. Seattle is the urban center of a four-county metropolitan region with more than 3.5 million people and more than 1.8 million jobs. Growth by 2030 is estimated at more than 70,000 new households (more than 140,000 new residents), and more than 140,000 new jobs. The city’s form is largely sprawling and auto-dependent, and efforts to promote compact development and transportation choices are important policy issues. New transit measures, including the building of a light rail system, are being introduced. Allowing for growth in transit-served sections of the City is a key principle of Seattle’s Comprehensive Plan mandated by the Washington State Growth Management Act, and a critical part of a broader regional strategy for responsible growth.

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Another issue facing the city today is determining a comprehensive strategy for the re-development of the city’s waterfront that includes an appropriate balance of mixed use, public open space, maritime activities, and environmental sustainability. Seattle is one of the world’s leading centers for the manufacture of high technology (Microsoft) and for internet-based commerce. Linked by road, rail, ship, and air to global distribution networks, the city has taken on international economic importance. The city is particularly known for its strong support for green technology policies, especially for urban design, building standards, clean energy and climate change. In February 2010 the city committed itself to becoming North America’s first “climate neutral city,” with a goal of reaching zero net per capita greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. The city’s largest employer is the University of Washington. Other major employers are in the healthcare cluster, the biotechnology and medical device sector, and bio and health informatics. Major foundations include the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, located in Seattle Center City, with more than 30 billion in assets. Aerospace continues to be a key industry in the region, with Boeing maintaining close to 75,000 jobs in the region as of March 2008. Additional major industries include information technology, with approximately 35,000 Microsoft employees in Washington State, largely in the Seattle region. Seattle’s diverse economy also offers thriving industries including film and video and music (birthplace of rock legend Jimi Hendrix); gourmet coffee (birthplace of Starbucks), recreation equipment, and marine and fisheries. Sound Transit, an intergovernmental organization, directs light rail development and service, while King County Metro directs bus service. City Administration Seattle is a charter city, with a Mayor and a nine-member city council. All are elected city-wide.

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City Snap Shots BANGALORE Bangalore is the 29th largest city in the world, and in 2030, it is projected to be the 33rd largest urban area. Bangalore is l ocated in South Asia. The city is situ ated 3,113 feet (949 meters) above sea l evel, on t op of a ridge on the Deccan Plateau. Size

710 square kilometers/274 square miles Population Density

2010 10,182 people per square kilometer/ 26,383 people per square mile 2025 13,689 people per square kilometer/ 35,471 people per square mile

Population Growth Rate

1990-1995 3.2 3 1995-2000 3.2 0 2000-2005 2.9 9 2005-2010 2.2 4 2010-2015 1.9 4 2015-2020 1.9 8 2020-2025 2.0 0

Population Today

2010 7,229,000 (0.6% of the total population of India) (7,700,000*) Population Yesterday

2005 6,465,000 2000 5,567,000 1995 4,744,000 1990 4,036,000 Population Tomorrow

2015 7,967,000 2020 8,795,000 2025 9,719,000 (10,000,000*)

Sources (*) denotes information received from Dr. A. Ravindra, Government of Karnataka, India World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat ; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559

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JAKARTA Jakarta is the 12th largest city in the world today. Jabodetabek is the formal name for the metropolitan area that has sprea d b eyond the boundaries of t he ce ntral ci ty (an acrony m for Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi). Jabo detabek is t he 2nd l argest urba n area i n the world . It is proje cted that by 20 30 it will be t he world’s largest urban area. Jakarta is located in Southeast Asia on the northwest coast of Java. Thirteen major waterways flow through the city, which is situated on a wide, flat alluvial plain, and empty into Jakarta Bay. Size Jakarta 661 square kilometers/ 255 square miles Jabodetabek 2,720 square kilometers/ 1,050 square miles Population Density Jakarta 2010 14,680 people per square kilometer/ 38,000 people per square mile (13,667 people per square kilometer/ 35,455 people per square mile*) 2025 18,703 people per square kilometer/ 48,482 people per square mile Population Growth Rate Jakarta 1990-1995 0.3 6 (0.16******) 1995-2000 0.1 6 2000–2005 1.0 5 2005-2010 1.86 2010-2015 2.1 3 2015-2020 1.6 0 2020-2025 1.1 2

Population Today 2010 Jakarta 9,703,000 (4.1% of the total population of Indonesia) (9,041,000*) 2010 Jabodetabek 23,345,000 (22,000,000**) Population Yesterday Jakarta 2005 8,8 43,000 (8,540,306***) (8,669,600****) 2000 8,3 90,000 (8,500,000*****) (8,389,433******) 1995 8,3 22,000 1990 8,1 75,000 Population Tomorrow Jakarta 2015 10, 792,000 2020 11, 689,000 2025 12, 363,000 Jabodetabek 2025 34, 090,000 (32,720,000**)

Sources (*) denotes information from http://www.bappedajakarta.go.id/sekilasjktkini.asp (**) Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf (updated March 2010) (***) http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta#Kependudukan (****) http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabotabek (*****) http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/tentang-jakarta/demografi-jakarta (******) Biro Pusat Statistik Jakarta http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php?tabel=1&daftar=1&id_subyek=12&notab=1 World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559

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SHENZHEN Shenzhen is the 13th largest urban area in the world. It is projected that by 2030 it will become the 12th largest. Shenzhen is located at the southern tip of China in Guangdong Province, in a region called the Pearl River Delta. The city is situated along the coast of the South China Sea, bordering Hong Kong. Size

1,953 square kilometers/755 square miles (this includes the Special Economic Zone area of 396 square kilometers/ 153 square miles) Population Density

2010 4,155 people per square kilometer/10,747 people per square mile 2025 5,221 people per square kilometer/13,505 people per square mile Population Growth Rate

1990-1995 19. 36 1995-2000 19. 37 2000–2005 3.51 2005-2010 2.30 2010-2015 1.97 2015-2020 1.51 2020-2025 1.09

Population Today

2010 8,114,000 (0.6 % of the total population of China) (8,768,300 permanent residents in 2008*) Population Yesterday

2005 7,233,000 2000 6,069,000 1995 2,304,000 1990 875,000 Population Tomorrow

2015 8,952,000 2020 9,654,000 2025 10, 196,000

Sources (*) denotes information from Shenzhen Government Online; http://www.english.sz.gov.cn/gi/ World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559

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TAIPEI Taipei is the largest city on the island of Taiwan. In 2030, it is projected to be the 55th largest urban area in the world. Taipei City is surrounded by Taipei County, an amalgamation of several county-administered cities and towns. The city and county, along with Keelung City, form the Taipei Metropolitan Area. Tapei is located in Eastern Asia on the northern t ip of the isl and of Taiwan . The city is s ituated in a bas in between the Yangming Mountains and the Central Mountains. Size

Taipei City 272 square kilometers/ 105 square miles Taipei Metro Area 440 square kilometers/ 170 square miles (2,457 square kilometers/ 949 square miles*) Population Density

Taipei City 2010 9,746 people per square kilometer/25,248 people per square mile 2025 12,151 people per square kilometer/31,476 people per square mile (9,118 people per square kilometer/23,619 people per square mile*) Population Growth Rate

Taipei City 1990-1995 0.2 6 (0.024*) 1995-2000 0.2 6 (0.002*) 2000–2005 0.2 6 (0.011*) 2005-2010 0.3 5 (0.003*) 2010-2015 1.5 3 (0.010*) 2015-2020 1.6 3 (0.019*) 2020-2025 1.2 5 (0.019*)

Population Today

2010 Taipei City 2,651,000 (2,606,151*) 2010 Taipei Metro Area 6,870,357 (6,862,450*) Population Yesterday

Taipei City 2005 2,6 06,000 (2,626,375*) 2000 2,6 40,000 (2,646,474*) 1995 2,6 76,000 (2,653,578*) 1990 2,7 11,000 (2,719,659*)

Population Tomorrow

Taipei City 2015 2,8 62,000 (2,580,000*) 2020 3,1 04,000 (2,530,000*) 2025 3,3 05,000 (2,480,000*) Taipei Metro Area 2025 6,8 60,000

Sources (*) denotes information from Taipei Department of Civil Affairs; http://english.dca.taipei.gov.tw World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559

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DENVER Denver is the 24th largest city in U.S. today, and the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country. It is projected that it will be the 161st largest urban area in the world in 2030. Denver is located on the western edge of the Great Plains, east of the Rocky Mountains. Size

Denver 40 1 square kilometers/ 155 square miles Denver Metro Area 1,292 square kilometers/ 499 square miles Population Density

Denver 2010 1,493 people per square kilometer/ 3,863 people per square mile 2025 1,799 people per square kilometer/ 4,655 people per square mile Population Growth Rate

Denver Metro Area 1990-1995 2.68 1995-2000 2.6 8 2000–2005 2.29 (1.6%*) 2005-2010 1.34 (1.8%*) 2010-2015 0.86 (1.5%*) 2015-2020 0.69 (1.5%*) 2020-2025 0.55 (1.3%*)

Population Today

2010 Denver 598,707 2010 Denver Metro Area 2,396,000 (0.8% of the total population of the Unite d States) Population Yesterday

Denver 2005 577,000 2000 556,000 1995 508,000 1990 468,000

Denver Metro Area 2005 2,2 41,000 (2,341,000*) 2000 1,9 98,000 (2,122,000*) 1995 1,7 47,000 1990 1,5 28,000

Population Tomorrow

Denver 2015 675,000 2020 700,500 2025 721,500

Denver Metro Area 2015 2,5 02,000 (2,772,000*) 2020 2,5 90,000 (2,996,000*) 2025 2,6 61,000 (3,202,000*)

Sources (*) denotes information from Colorado State Demography Office; http://www.dola.state.co.us./demog/ World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559 State of Colorado Demography Office; http://www.dola.state.co.us/dlg/demog/pop_muni_estimates.html

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MIAMI Miami is th e 43 rd lar gest city i n U.S. today, a nd t he M iami metropolitan area is the 7 th la rgest urba n agglomeration in th e country. By 2030, the Miami Metro A rea is pr ojected to become the 6 0th largest urban area in the world. Miami is loca ted i n th e so utheastern par t of the Sta te of Florida, between the Florida E verglades and the Atlantic Ocean. Size

Miami 93 square kilometers/ 36 square miles Miami Metro Area 13,276 square kilometers/ 5,126 square miles Population Density

Miami 2010 4,570 people per square kilometer/ 11,806 people per square mile 2010 5,290 people per square kilometer/ 13,665 people per square mile Population Growth Rate

Miami Metro Area 1990-1995 2.2 0 1995-2000 2.2 0 2000–2005 1.9 0 2005-2010 1.13 2010-2015 0.73 2015-2020 0.57 2020-2025 0.42

Population Today

2010 Miami 425,000 (401,287*) 2010 Miami Metro Area 5,755,000 (1.8% of the total population of the United States) (5,505,958*) Population Yesterday

Miami 2005 384,500 (386,882*) 2000 362,500 1990 358,500 Miami Metro Area 2005 5,4 38,000 (5,428,962*) 2000 4,9 46,000 (5,007,571*) 1990 3,9 69,000 (4,056,228*) Population Tomorrow

Miami 2015 (431,505*) 2020 (461,723*) 2025 (491,941*) Miami Metro Area 2015 5,9 69,000 (5,680,687*) 2020 6,1 41,000 (5,904,225*) 2025 6,2 72,000 (6,115,393*)

Sources (*) denotes information from the Office of Economic & Demographic Research, The Florida Legislature; http://www.edr.state.fl.us and Miami Dade County Department of Planning and Zoning, Transportation Analysis, Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ), 2008; http://www.miamidade.gov/planzone/ World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559

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SAN FRANCISCO San Francisco is the 12 th largest city in the U.S. today, and the 13th largest metropolitan area in the country. It is projected that in 2030 it will be the 66th largest urban area in the world. San Francisco is located on the west coast of the U.S. at the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. Size

San Francisco 121 square kilometers/ 47 square miles San Francisco- Oakland Metro Area 601 square kilometers/ 232 square miles Population Density

San Francisco 2010 7,037 people per square kilometer/ 18,117 people per square mile (6,694 people per square kilometer/ 17,234 people per square mile*) 2025 (7,442 people per square kilometer/ 19,160 people per square mile*) Population Growth Rate

San Francisco-Oakland Metro Area 1990-1995 0.8 9 1995-2000 0.8 9 2000–2005 0.9 1 2005-2010 0.90 2010-2015 0.78 2015-2020 0.64 2020-2025 0.49

Population Today

2010 San Francisco 851,500 (810,000,000*) 2010 San Francisco- Oakland Metro Area 3,544,000 (1.1% of the total population of the United States) (4,439,000*) Population Yesterday

San Francisco 2005 806,400 (795,800*) 2000 776,700 1995 (751,700*) 1990 724,000 San Francisco-Oakland Metro Area 2005 3,387,000 (4,299,000*) 2000 3,236,000 (4,123,700*) 1995 3,095,000 (3,888,900*) 1990 2,961,000 (3,684,100*) Population Tomorrow

San Francisco 2015 (837,500*) 2020 (867,100*) 2025 (900,500*) San Francisco-Oakland Metro Area 2015 3,6 84,000 (4,621,500*) 2020 3,8 03,000 (4,815,700*) 2025 3,8 98,000 (5,013,000*)

Sources (*) denotes information from Association of Bay Area Governments, Building Momentum: Projections and Priorities 2009; http://www.abag.org/planning/currentfcst/ World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559 California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit; www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports

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SEATTLE Seattle is the 25th l argest c ity in the U.S. today , an d t he 15 th larges t metropolitan area in the c ountry. It is projected that in 2030 it will be the 117th largest urban area in the world. Seattle is located on the west coast of the U.S. between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific O cean) and Lake Washington, 113 miles (182 km) south of the Canadian border. Size

Seattle 21 7 square kilometers/ 84 square miles Seattle Metro Area 2,470 square kilometers/ 954 square miles Population Density

Seattle 2010 2,774 people per square kilometer/ 7,167 people per square mile 2025 3,005 people per square kilometer/ 7,763 people per square mile Population Growth Rate

Seattle Metro Area 1990-1995 2.1 2 1995-2000 2.1 2 2000–2005 1.8 5 2005-2010 1.18 2010-2015 0.81 2015-2020 0.65 2020-2025 0.51

Population Today

2010 Seattle 602,000 2010 Seattle Metro Area 3,174,000 (1.0% of the total population of the United States) Population Yesterday

Seattle 2005 57 3,000 2000 563,400 1990 516,260 Seattle Metro Area 2005 2,991,000 2000 2,727,000 1995 2,453,000 1990 2,206,000 Population Tomorrow

Seattle 2015 (609,045*) 2020 (631,724*) 2025 (652,083*) Seattle Metro Area 2015 3,3 05,000 2020 3,4 15,000 2025 3,5 03,000

Sources (*) denotes information from Puget Sound Regional Council, Population, Households and Employment Forecasts (2006); http://www.psrc.org/data/forecasts/saf/ World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; http://esa.un.org/unup/ Demographia World Urban Areas & Population Projections, 5th Comprehensive Edition, April 2009 Revision; http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011, UN Habitat; http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=559 State of Washington, Office of Financial Management; http://www.ofm.wa.gov/pop

City Snap Shot Summary

Bangalore

Jakarta

Shenzhen

Taipei

Denver

Miami

San

Francisco

Seattle

City Size 710 km2 274 mi2

661 km2

255 mi2

1,953 km2

755 mi2

272 km2

105 mi2

401 km2

155 mi2

93 km2

36 mi2

121 km2

47 mi2

217 km2

84 mi2

Metro Area Size

N/A 2, 720 km2

1,050 mi2 N/A 44 0 km2

170 mi2 1,292 km2

499 mi2 13,276 km2

5,126mi2 601 km2

232 mi2 2,470 km2

954 mi2 City

Population

2000 5. 6 million 8.4 million 6.1 million 2.6 million 556,000 2 million metro area

362,500 5 million metro area

776,700 3.3 million metro area

563,400 2.7 million metro area

2010 7.2 million 9.7 million 23.4 million metro area

8.1 million 2.6 million 6.9 million metro area

598,707 2.4 million metro area

425,000 5.8 million metro area

851,500 3.5 million metro area

602,000 3.2 million metro area

2025 9.7 million 12.4 million 34.1 million metro area

10.2 million 3.3 million 6.9 million metro area

721,500 2.7 million metro area

491,941 6.3 million metro area

900,500 3.9 million metro area

652,083 3.5 million metro area

Density 2010 10,182

people/km2 26,383 people/mi2

14,680 people/km2 38,000 people/mi2

4,155 people/km2 10,747 people/mi2

9,746 people/km2 25,248 people/mi2

1,493 people/km2 3,863 people/mi2

4,570 people/km2 11,806 people/mi2

7,037 people/km2 18,117 people/mi2

2,774 people/km2 7,167 people/mi2

2025 13,689 people/km2 35,471 people/mi2

18,703 people/km2 48,482 people/mi2

5,221 people/km2 13,505 people/mi2

12,151 people/km2 31,476 people/mi2

1,799 people/km2 4,655 people/mi2

5,290 people/km2 13,665 people/mi2

7,442 people/km2 19,160 people/mi2

3,005 people/km2 7,763 people/mi2

Growth 2000-2005 2.99 1.05 3.51 0.26 2. 29 1.90 0. 91 1.85 2005-2010 2.24 1.86 2.30 0.35 1. 34 1.13 0. 90 1.18 2010-2015 1.94 2.13 1.97 1.53 0. 86 0.73 0. 78 0.81 2015-2020 1.98 1.60 1.51 1.63 0. 69 0.57 0. 64 0.65 2020-2025 2.00 1.12 1.09 1.25 0. 55 0.42 0. 49 0.51

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Rapporteurs Mr. Jerry Burris—LEAD RAPPORTEUR Consultant, Office of External Affairs, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Jerry Burris has been a journalist in Hawaii for more than 40 years, most of that time at the Honolulu Advertiser where he served as reporter, capitol bureau chief, political reporter, political columnist, city editor and editorial page editor. He retired from full-time work at The Honolulu Advertiser in 2007 but continues as a regular political columnist and blogger and works part-time with the East West Center as a consulting editor/writer. Mr. Burris is a graduate of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. His association with the East-West Center includes a Jefferson Fellowship in 1971 and a Senior Journalist Fellowship. He was also a Fulbright-Hays grantee based in Singapore (1976-77). Mr. George Atta Principal, Chief Community Planner, Group 70 International, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. George Atta has more than 28 years of professional experience as a planning consultant, working with public agencies in urban and regional planning. He is a principal with Group 70 International, and serves as the chief community planner and project manager for urban design plans. Mr. Atta also prepares environmental assessment/EIS documents and various land use permit applications. Mr. Atta’s expertise extends to the coordination of community advisory groups and public meetings, managing project scheduling, budgets and consultant collaboration. His areas of specialization include historical/cultural landscapes, resource management, land use compatibility, wetlands delineation, environmental inspections and disaster planning and mitigation. Mr. Atta is a LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) accredited professional and was the chapter representative in the Regionalization Task Force for the National Organization. He has served as the Hawaii Chapter president of the American Planning Association and as a member of national task forces on climate change and security. He is a member of the American Institute of Certified Planners, the National Association of Environmental Professionals and the East West Center's Internationalization Forum. A certified environmental inspector with the Environmental Assessment Association, Mr. Atta has extensive experience in wetland delineation and policy, land planning, environmental assessments and coordination of community advisory groups and public meetings. Mr. Atta holds a master's degree in planning from Harvard University and is a PhD candidate at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Group 70 International Established in 1971, Group 70 International, Inc. is a multi-disciplined design firm based in Hawaii that provides integrated services in architecture, planning, interior design, and asset management. Group 70’s expertise covers master planning for major urban land holdings, architectural and interior design and development of resort communities, residential developments, commercial, educational and medical facilities. In addition, our full service agency offers comprehensive support for military and government projects, both locally and abroad.

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Ms. Tanya Chiranakhon Urban Planner, Economics at AECOM, San Francisco, California; Co-Founder, Solo Kota Kita, Surakarta Ms. Tanya Chiranakhon is an urban planner with a background in urban design and architecture. As an associate at Economics at AECOM, an economic planning and land development consulting firm, Ms. Chiranakhon conducts research and analysis for a variety of real estate development projects primarily in the Asia Pacific region. Her project experience includes a development strategy analysis for a historic central business district in Tianjin, China; a coastal tourism master plan in Cambodia; redevelopment economic analysis of the Barrio Logan neighborhood in San Diego, California; and harbor-wide urban design guidelines for Victoria Harbor in Hong Kong, SAR. Ms. Chiranakhon is also a co-founder of Solo Kota Kita. Launched in March 2009, Solo Kota Kita provides tools for advocacy and citizen planning through the creation of “Mini Atlases” that profile neighborhoods in Surakarta, Indonesia. Ms. Chiranakhon holds a master’s in urban planning from Harvard University with a concentration in real estate and urban development. She received a bachelor’s degree in architecture from the University of California, Berkeley. Economics at AECOM Economics at AECOM is an economic consulting firm that informs land development decisions and helps clients understand their markets, assess risks and clarify the uncertainties inherent in any development initiative, public policy initiative or business strategy. The organization understand urban growth and development economics to help create the economic and policy framework for urban plans and redevelopment projects, real estate development initiatives, and growth and economic-development strategies. Economics at AECOM’s work is often concerned with balancing the public sector's policy objectives with the private sector's investment requirements, in the context of a complex public decision-making process. Clients are typically development firms, financial institutions, investors and corporations, educational institutions, and public entities. Economics at AECOM also provides economic research an analysis for entertainment and leisure-oriented real estate development and capital facilities planning. Solo Kota Kita Solo Kota Kita is non-governmental, non-partisan organization created to design and disseminate urban information with the aim of facilitating a democratic planning process to create healthier, more equitable and productive cities. Solo Kota Kita was founded on the basis that the challenge of responding to complex urban issues requires information and technical expertise to assist the collaboration of local government, community organizations and civil society to invigorate grass roots initiatives. In 2009, the organization launched a “Mini Atlases” project with the support of the Surakarta City Government and UN-HABITAT to create 33 graphic documents that profile 51 neighborhoods in Surakarta, Indonesia. The Mini Atlases, created in collaboration with residents, community facilitators and local university students, represent information about each neighborhood’s social and physical character in an accessible format to serve as a tool to facilitate engagement of local communities in the city’s participatory budgeting process. In 2010, Solo Kota Kita received additional support from USAID to complete the city-wide “Mini Atlases” project. Solo Kota Kita was initially named for the “Mini Atlases” project. The organization is currently expanding into other cities through urban planning projects that address climate change vulnerability, disaster recovery, historic preservation and public health.

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Mr. Henry Eng Founder, HELPS- Henry Eng Land Planning Services; and Former Director, Planning and Permitting, City & County of Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Henry Eng has 45 years of experience in land use planning, permitting and development in Hawaii. In 2009, Mr. Eng established a consultant practice, HELPS (Henry Eng Land Planning Services) to provide consultation and advisory services to landowners and professionals in land use regulation and land use strategies. Prior to this, Mr. Eng served as director of the Department of Planning and Permitting for the City & County of Honolulu. He has also worked in the Honolulu City Council, Office of Council Services, and the Honolulu Planning Department/Department of Land Utilization. Mr. Eng spent 15 years in the private sector working in community planning and land development. During this time he was the community development manager for the Estate of James Campbell where he managed land planning for the City of Kapolei. Mr. Eng is a fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners. He received a bachelor’s degree in architecture and a master’s degree in city and regional planning from Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. Mr. Scott Ezer Principal, Helber Hastert & Fee, Planners, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Scott Ezer works as a professional planner in Honolulu, with both public and private sector experience. He is currently a principal of Helber Hastert & Fee, Planners, Inc., where he has worked for the past 20 years. His work experience has included community planning, policy planning, site analysis, environmental impact assessment, and development entitlement at all levels of government in the State of Hawaii, as well as major projects in Guam, Midway Atoll and on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai and Hawaii for a variety of private and public sector clients. Prior to his employment with Helber Hastert & Fee, Planners, Mr. Ezer worked for the Department of Land Utilization with the City and County of Honolulu for 12 years. While with the department, he worked on a variety of projects, including serving as co-author of the Land Use Ordinance, the zoning ordinance for the City and County of Honolulu. He was also project manager for the revision of several of Honolulu's urban design regulations, including those for Punchbowl, Diamond Head, the Hawaii Capital District and Chinatown. Mr. Scott Ezer holds a bachelor’s degree in sociology from the University of California, Berkeley and a master’s in urban and regional planning from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Helber Hastert & Fee, Planners Helber Hastert & Fee was established in 1980 and is one of the largest planning groups in the Pacific Region. With projects on all the main islands of Hawaii and throughout the Pacific, the firm has established working relationships with a wide range of public- and private-sector clients. Helber Hastert & Fee offers multidisciplinary services in planning, landscape architecture, historic preservation, GIS and cartography, and graphic design, guiding projects from their earliest site analysis and feasibility planning to their completion as built environments.

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Mr. Alan Fujimori Vice President, Principal Planner/Landscape Architect, Belt Collins, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Alan Fujimori is an urban designer and registered landscape architect with over 27 years of experience. He specializes in urban design, community planning, and landscape architecture. His management and design experience includes public, institutional, corporate, mixed-use, resort, new and redeveloped communities, and transportation projects. He is affiliated with the American Society of Landscape Architects, Congress for the New Urbanism, U.S. Green Building Council Hawaii Chapter, and is a LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Accredited Professional. Mr. Fujimori has served as the principal planner for several major domestic and international urban design and redevelopment projects. His work on the Charleston Waterfront Park in Charleston, South Carolina was nationally recognized in 2008 as one of the “10 Great Public Spaces” by the American Planning Association and earned a Landmark Award from the American Society of Landscape Architects and National Trust for Historic Preservation. This riverfront project was an integral part of the city’s $400 million downtown revitalization effort. Other important urban design and redevelopment projects undertaken by Mr. Fujimori include the redesign of the master plan for Lowry Air Force Base in Denver, Colorado. The master plan focused on the economic revitalization of the community and surrounding areas by reusing the existing infrastructure to create a new, mixed-use neighborhood. The project included schools, housing, a library, commercial area (town center), and parks and other recreational facilities. The Pueblo City Design in Pueblo, Mexico was a redevelopment project that addressed the urban sprawl that was consuming the community’s best agricultural lands and surrounding historic towns. The new master plan—focusing redevelopment along radial bus transit ways from the city center—was modeled after the urban development pattern found in Curitiba, Brazil, an UNESCO model city. In addition, he has worked on the Hagatna Urban Design Master Plan in Hagatna, Territory of Guam; the Emergency Preparedness Urban Design Plan in Sri Lanka; the Dallas Area Rapid Transit Downtown Transit Mall and Dallas Arts District Master Plan in Dallas, Texas. Mr. Fujimori has also participated in several “RUDAT” (Regional Urban Design Assistance Teams) projects across the United States where, as a member of a multi-disciplinary team of design professionals, he helped to identify ways to encourage desirable change in a community. These projects included Master Plans for Tacoma, Washington; Salt Lake City, Utah; Pismo Beach, California; and East Nashville, Tennessee. Most recently, he participated in an East-West Center URBAN ASIA Workshop in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam to speak on socio-economic and environmental challenges in the process of urbanization in HCMC. Mr. Fujimori holds a bachelor’s degree in environmental design from the University of Hawaii at Manoa and a master’s in landscape architecture from Harvard University. Belt Collins Hawaii Ltd Belt Collins is an international design firm providing planning, civil and sanitary engineering, landscape architecture, environmental consulting, and GIS and graphic design services. As the first company in the region to combine urban and land planning, civil engineering, landscape architecture, and environmental consulting within one professional organization, Belt Collins has become one of the world’s leading design and consulting firms, having completed over 16,000 projects in 70 countries. Founded in 1953, the firm has grown from 2 to over 500 professional and support staff practicing in ten offices in the U.S., Pacific and Southeast Asia including Honolulu, Seattle, Boulder, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Bangkok, Guam, Manila, and Bali. Belt Collins recently made the Engineering News-Record 2009 Top 200 International Design Firms list.

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Mr. Mark Hastert City and Regional Planner, Foundation Executive, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Mark Hastert worked as a city and regional planner for over forty years, for NBBJ in Seattle; Oceanic Properties and Mililani Town, Inc., (subsidiaries of Castle & Cooke) in Honolulu; and Belt, Collins & Associates, Inc., where he was Chief Planner for the Honolulu office. In 1980 Mr. Hastert co-founded Helber Hastert & Fee, Planners, Inc. where he served as president and chairman. Although he was involved in hundreds of projects throughout Hawaii and the Pacific Basin, his major focus was on the greater Honolulu urban area with plans and projects of all sizes and complexities. These included lead roles in the city’s Primary Urban Center Development Plan, the Ewa Secondary Urban Center (Kapolei) plans and Central Oahu’s Mililani Town plans. He was also heavily involved in the Hawaii Convention Center development, the Honolulu Waterfront Master Plan, Kaka’ako development plans and the Aloha Tower Marketplace. In 2003, Mr. Hastert retired from Helber Hastert and Fee and took office as president and chief executive officer of The Queen Emma Foundation. There he was responsible for the overall operations of the Foundation, overseeing the management of its 12,000 acres of land and building assets, and leading its strategic planning initiatives to generate greater revenues to support The Queen’s Medical Center, Hawaii’s largest hospital, and other programs for the health and well-being of Hawaii’s people. In 2006, Mr. Hastert retired from the Foundation. Mr. Hastert is a member of the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Certified Planners and served as vice president and president of the Hawaii Chapter of the American Planning Association. He has also been active on several Honolulu City Council design advisory committees, served on the Governor's Committee on Hawaii's Economic Future, and is on the Kapolei Design Advisory Board. He served for eight years on the State Commission on Transportation (including one year as Chair) and is a past member of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii. He is also on the Executive Committee of the Hawaii District Council for the Urban Land Institute and is a member of Lambda Alpha International. Mr. Hastert received a bachelor of arts from Dartmouth College, a bachelor’s degree in architecture from the University of Washington, and a master’s degree in urban planning, also from the University of Washington. Mr. Cameron Lowry Project Assistant, Asia-Pacific Governance and Democracy Initiative, East-West Center Research Program, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Cameron Lowry is currently a project assistant with the Asia-Pacific Governance and Democracy Initiative of the Politics, Governance, and Security Program at the East-West Center. He is involved in the Cross Border Governance Project and manages the ongoing book productions for the forthcoming United Nations University publications of “Engaging Civil Society: Emerging Trends in Democratic Governance” and “Building Trust in Government: Innovations in Governance Reform in Asia.” He served previously as a planner for the Hawaii State Land Use Commission where he managed project petitions to the quasi-judicial commission, the highest land use regulatory body in the state of Hawaii. He also analyzed project viability against an array of planning concerns and testified to the Commission with regard to project viability. Mr. Lowry holds a master’s of urban and regional planning from the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii at Manoa.

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East-West Center The East-West Center promotes better relations and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. Established by the U.S. Congress in 1960, the Center serves as a resource for information and analysis on critical issues of common concern, bringing people together to exchange views, build expertise, and develop policy options. Mr. David Miller Chair, Architects Hawaii Ltd, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. David Miller joined Architects Hawaii in 1971, became a principal in 1975, was appointed chief executive officer in 2000, and chairman of the board in 2010. He has been designing and directing a wide range of project types in various geographical areas of the world for more than 40 years. His projects have covered all market sectors. In 1981 he established a branch of the company in Hong Kong, which he headed until returning to Honolulu ten years later. His projects are located throughout the Pacific Rim, including Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, China, Korea, Indonesia, and Okinawa, Japan. The Boston Society of Architects and the Hawaii Society of Architects bestowed design awards on Mr. Miller’s projects, and in 1978 he was awarded a professional design fellowship from the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts, Washington D.C. Mr. Miller has served as president of the Honolulu Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, and chair of the Urban Land Institute Hawaii District Council. He currently serves on the East-West Center Foundation Board, University of Hawaii School of Architecture Advisory Council, and the Pacific Air Forces Civilian Advisory Council. Mr. Miller holds a bachelor’s degree in architecture from Carnegie Mellon University and a master’s of architecture from Harvard University. Architects Hawaii Ltd. Founded in 1946, Architects Hawaii Ltd. is a multi-disciplinary architectural firm with international experience in architecture, planning, and interior design. Based in Honolulu, the firm is one of the largest architectural firms in Hawaii and the Pacific Region and includes LEED Accredited Professionals. In the firm’s 63 years in business it has provided architectural services for projects in all market sectors including hospitality, office, retail, residential high- and low-rise, healthcare, industrial and projects for the U.S. Armed Forces. Mr. Pradip Raj Pant PhD Candidate, East-West Center Graduate Fellow, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Pradip Raj Pant is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. His dissertation research is on interactions between land use, energy and transportation. He is also interested in disaster risk assessment and modeling, decision support system, and, strategic transportation and infrastructure management. Mr. Pant worked as a civil and transportation engineer for 12 years in Nepal and has extensive experiences in technical/management issues and as well as higher policy level operations.

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Mr. Pant obtained a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from India and a master’s degree in civil engineering from the University of Queensland, Australia. Mr. Asheshwor Man Shrestha Asian Development Bank Degree Fellow, East-West Center Graduate Fellow, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Asheshwor Man Shrestha is currently pursuing a master’s degree in urban and regional planning at University of Hawaii at Manoa as an Asian Development Bank-Government of Japan Scholarship awardee. He is concentrating on climate change adaption and mitigation policies. He practiced architecture for three and a half years in Nepal before coming to Hawaii in 2008. Mr. Shrestha holds an architecture degree from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii at Manoa The Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Hawaii at Manoa provides masters and doctoral programs in urban and regional planning as well as certificates in planning studies and disaster management and humanitarian assistance. The department is engaged in research and community service locally and throughout the Pacific and Asia, with a focus on multicultural governance, community development, environmental protection, resource management, and infrastructure planning.

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East-West Center Dr. Charles E. Morrison President, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii Dr. Charles E. Morrison assumed the post of president in 1998, after 22 years at the Center. He has had extensive involvement in the conceptualization, organization and funding of policy-oriented educational research and dialogue projects in both Japan and the United States, and has long been involved in promoting the concept of Asia-Pacific community. In 2005, Dr. Morrison was elected international chair of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council. He is a founding member of the U.S. Asia Pacific Council, the U.S. National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation and a member of the U.S. Committee for Security Cooperation in Asia Pacific. He is a past chair of the U.S. National Consortium of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Study Centers. A former director of the Center’s Program on International Economics and Politics, he is also a former U.S. Senate aide and a research adviser to bi-national Japan-U.S. commissions. Dr. Morrison’s projects include Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation trade and development cooperation, the New Generation Seminar (exchange program for young leaders), the Congressional Study Group on Japan, the Congressional Study Group on the Pacific Islands, and the Asia-Pacific Security Outlook. He co-edits the annual Asia-Pacific Security Outlook series. He has been quoted frequently by major news media in the region on issues of regional cooperation, international relations, U.S. Asia policy and trade policies, U.S.-Japan relations, and the Asian economic crisis. Dr. Morrison received his PhD from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, specializing in Asian international relations. Mr. Raymond Burghardt Director, East-West Center Seminars Program, Honolulu, Hawaii Mr. Raymond Burghardt joined the East-West Center in 2005 as the director of East-West Seminars Program. Prior to coming to the East-West Center, he served as the U.S. Ambassador to Vietnam, the director of the American Institute in Taiwan, consul general in Shanghai, deputy chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassies in Manila and Seoul, and as political counselor in Beijing. Mr. Burghardt’s earlier career included an assignment on the National Security Council staff as special assistant to President Reagan and senior director of Latin American Affairs. He also served at the U.S. Embassies in Honduras and Guatemala. He was a Peace Corps volunteer in Colombia before joining the Foreign Service. Mr. Burghardt received a bachelor’s degree from Columbia University and undertook graduate study at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs.

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List of Suggested Readings*

* Listed in alphabetical order by title

Articles

1. “Affordable Housing Delivery in Thailand: A Contextual Assessment.” Dr. Douglas Webster. 2. “An Excerpt from Holy Land A Suburban Memoir.” California Authors website, 2005.

3. “Bangkok: Global actor in a misaligned national governance framework.” Dr. Douglas

Webster and Dr. Chuthatip Maneepong, March 2009.

4. “California Voters Need Crash Course in Effects of Prop 13.” Planning and Development Report, March 3, 2010.

5. “City Repositioning and Competitiveness Building in Regional Development: New

Development Strategies in Guangzhou, China.” Dr. Anthony Yeh and others, 2005.

6. “Commuting Patterns in Multi-Centered Urban Settings: The Case of Southern California.” New Geography, July 7, 2008.

7. “Cut greenhouse gases – and make your community more sustainable (Putting SB 375 to

work in Southern California).” July 2009 brochure.

8. “Decentralisation in India: A Surplus – Deficit Story (Working Draft).” Mr. K.C. Sivaramakrishnan, December 2009.

9. “Developing a Competitive Pearl River Delta in South China Under One Country-Two

Systems.” Dr. Anthony Yeh and others, 2006.

10. “Downtown in the ‘New American City.’” Dr. Eugenie Birch, 2009.

11. “Dual Land Market and Internal Spatial Structure of Chinese Cities.” Dr. Anthony Yeh, 2005.

12. “Governing global city regions in China and the West.” Dr. Anthony Yeh and others, 2010

13. “Governance responses to emerging peri-urbanisation issues at the global–local nexus: the case of Ayutthaya, Thailand.” Dr. Chuthatip Maneepong and Dr. Douglas Webster, 2008.

14. “Housing Security and Related Issues: The Case of Karachi.” Mr. Arif Hasan, Draft October

2008.

15. “Land, CBOs and the Karachi Circular Railway (First draft).” Mr. Arif Hasan, July 2008.

16. “Land Commodification: New Land Development and Politics in China since the Late 1990s.” Dr. Anthony Yeh and others, December 2009.

17. “New Light on a Shadow Economy: Survey of City Learning in 45 Cities (Working Draft).”

Dr. Tim Campbell, February 2010.

18. “PPP Financing in the USA.” Mr. Arthur Smith, 2009.

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19. “Realities of life and housing in a poor neighbourhood in urban China: livelihoods and vulnerabilities in Shanghai Lane, Wuhan.” Ms. Ying Chang and Dr. Graham Tipple, 2009.

20. “Regional Cooperation in the Pan-Pearl River Delta: A Formulaic Aspiration or A New

Imagination?” Dr. Anthony Yeh and others, 2008

21. “SB 375 Is Now Law – But What Will It Do?” Planning and Development Report, October 1, 2008.

22. “The JNNURM Story.” Mr. K.C. Sivaramakrishnan, February 2010.

23. “The Next Economy: Transforming Energy and Infrastructure Investment.” Brookings

Institution Metropolitan Policy Program, February 2010.

24. “The politics of poverty policy: are pro-poor policy processes expert-led or citizen led?” Dr. Andy Sumner and Dr. Nicola Jones, 2008.

25. “The Shape of the New American City.” Dr. Eugenie Birch, 2009.

26. “Torino as a Learning City.” Dr. Tim Campbell, October 2009. 27. “Transit Crisis Could Halt Infill Development Momentum.” Planning and Development

Report. January 25, 2010.

28. “Where High-Speed Rail Works Best.” America 2050, September 2009. News Articles

29. “5 S.F. churches languish in limbo.” San Francisco Chronicle. February 17, 2010.

30. “A bus to nowhere.” The Economic Times New Delhi. April 20, 2009.

31. “Compromise averts showdown over S.F. shadows.” San Francisco Chronicle. February 4, 2010.

32. “Elections Delimited.” The Financial Express [India]. May 3, 2009. 33. “Fifteen Minutes with D.J. Waldie.” Next American City. January 2005.

34. “Hub of downtown S.F. shifting to Mission Street.” San Francisco Chronicle. November 23,

2009.

35. Jakarta article, The Peak Magazine. February 2010.

36. “Jakarta Outlines Resettlement Plan To Make Way for Flood Project.” Jakarta Post. March 5, 2010.

37. “Jakarta Wants in on ID Number Pilot.” Jakarta Post. March 17, 2010.

38. “L.A. budget troubles hold a lesson for the Capitol.” Sacramento Bee. March 12, 2010.

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39. “Megacity Governance.” Sunday Business Standard [India]. March 8, 2009.

40. “Set right our city blights.” Hindustan Times. June 2, 2009.

41. “S.F. rezone plan seen as limiting future jobs.” San Francisco Chronicle. October 9, 2008.

42. “Signs of tarnish as Downtown Plan nears 25.” San Francisco Chronicle. May 26, 2009. 43. “The Great Vancouver vs. Seattle Debate.” The Crosscut.com. June 22, 2009. 44. “The mother of all elections.” The Financial Express [India]. May 24, 2009.

45. “The state of cities.” The Indian EXPRESS. June 30, 2009.

46. “Transbay plan would sprout new S.F. skyline.” San Francisco Chronicle. May 1, 2008

47. West Coast cities vie for savoir-faire. San Francisco Chronicle. November 8, 2009.

48. “Whose city is this?” The Indian EXPRESS. October 10, 2009.

49. “Video mapping wows Kota visitors.” The Jakarta Post. March 15, 2010.

Conference Papers

50. Social Transformation: The Case of Karachi, Pakistan. Mr. Arif Hasan, April 2009.

51. The World Class City Concept and its Repercussions on Urban Planning for Cities in the Asia Pacific Region. Mr. Arif Hasan, October 2009.

52. Toward Efficient Urban Form in China. Dr. Douglas Webster, December 2008.

Reports

53. Annual Report, San Francisco Planning Department Fiscal Year 2008-2009. San Francisco Planning Department 2009.

54. Century of the City. The Rockefeller Foundation, 2009.

55. Changing Course. ADB, 2009.

56. Climate Resilient Cities: 2008 Primer. World Bank, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction

and Recovery, ISDR, 2008.

57. City Cluster Development. ADB, 2008.

58. CIVIS: No 1- July 2009. Cities Alliance. 59. CIVIS: No 2- Oct 2009. Cities Alliance.

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60. Comprehensive Economic Development Strategic Plan for the U.S. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 2009-2014. Commonwealth Economic Development Strategic Planning Commission, CNMI Department of Commerce, Office of Governor Benigno R. Fitial, U.S. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, March 2009.

61. Growing Economy, Shrinking Emissions: A Transit-Oriented Future for Connecticut’s Capital Region. RPA, March 2010.

62. High-density housing that works for all. IIED, March 2010.

63. Infrastructure to 2030: Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport, Volume 2.

OECD, 2007.

64. Infrastructure 2009: Pivot Point. ULI, 2009 65. Long Island 2035: Visioning Initiative. RPA, December 2009.

66. Places to Grow: An Analysis of the Potential for Transit-Accessible Housing and Jobs in

Long Island’s Downtowns and Station Areas. RPA, January 2010.

67. Revitalization of Historic Inner-City Areas in Asia. ADB, 2008.

68. State of the World’s Cities 2010/11: Bridging the Urban Divide. UN-HABITAT, 2010.

69. Transit Center District Plan: Draft for Public Review. San Francisco Planning Department, November 2009.

70. Treasure Island / Yerba Buena Island Redevelopment Project. City & County of San

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71. ULI Reality Check 2008: Puget Sound Region. ULI Seattle, 2008.

72. Urban Development Experience and Visions. ADB, 2008.

73. World Development Report 2009. World Bank, 2009.

74. World Development Report 2010. World Bank, 2010.

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77. Migration and Small Towns in Pakistan. Mr. Arif Hasan, March 2009.

78. “Reyner Banham Loves Los Angeles.” BBC documentary (1972), 52 minutes. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1524953392810656786#

79. The Greater Seattle Data Sheet. Office of Intergovernmental Relations Seattle, 2008.