URDU AFSANO KE MOHAJIR KIRDAR

ABSTRACT OF THE

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

JBoctor of $I)ilo!BiopI)p

IN

URDU

By

AISHA SHAFIQ

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

DR. RASHID ANWAR RASHiD

DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH - 202002 (INDIA)

2012

j U j S j ^ b U ^ g^Ual^jijI

O vO Ji-^ii^^U

^

^ /

^

c^

^.~Ut2L Mass Migrationiu'iSQ^J if'j)it^

• • 7 •• , • • • • /

(0

(r)

* • •

(r)

• • * •

£j>^^l^\Aii ji\(^\3^L ^p^\fyt li/J^ ^jy/'>3i \yi f?jL 0!^v

(r)

8 y

J)

B)

LT^

u

J/U3(l^£u^.-.Lj'LBy>^l^v^(jUyy.>j.j^lfl>-^J^ji

•

-^^c/(^z:'L^-Lr^yf'L^jyL^(£c>i^Xv^U'/^

^i/c</'yy>e>irLi^jy^-,^ul^y^i^i/^^

uyui(£J^fO-L{ryit^irv:fjJ/t^;:UU/i^^JiUcJ^yr.^^

(<i)

^

(1 )

URDU AFSANO KE MOHAJIR KIRDAR

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

Boctot of $I|ilo!9iopIip IN

URDU

By

AISHA SHAFIQ

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

DR. RASHID ANWAR RASHID

DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH - 202002 (INDIA)

2012

a>y\J^{Sj3il^a>yoci)Ali^

Mr

^ /

(Department ofVrdu Aligarh Muslim University,

Aligarh-202 002

I 5"' 0 2-Dated:..

Certificate To Wfiom It May Concern

Tfiis is to certify that the thesis entitCed "Vrdu Jifsano l^f Mohajir %jrdar" Being suBmitted by Ms. Aisha Shafiq is an originaf research wor^ancfit has not been submitted to any other Vniversity for any degree.

This thesis is forwarded for the first time for the award of (ph.(D. (Degree in Vrdu.

\t-Xt^..^' Counter Signature (Dr. Rashid Anwar Rashid)

Supervisor

(Prof. Mohd. Zahid) Chairman

xaxccccoccoDcccoccoKcoDXcaxaxccoaxoccc^^

Ci ^ ^

xocccxxoxcccooccooocooooaooooxoocax

y^r

(.-^0

iLra)

( f i -Ar)

(,\^jr*)

(irLriA)

(nq_ni i )

(r'i^.r'^L)

(nA_rz.i)

^ U &

(^2^i/'ZljL/');l^Tr.^j>i(i/j:!:j>jvi v U X

c^yJj^J^>/u^-Lr^y^u^uyi^'(^c£^^

or^-Lrc^/'(j:!(jyii lZ:c;^f^. V t U ' ^ t

••

(

r

r

r

^

1

z.

A

A.

(^1)

V V •• •

( ^ )

iS^AOJcjt <^/i)L ji ti)^L (/(^^ J L T ^ J^k/i'-/ d' UT" d/'^>

(b)

ji\^\j}i^/\'i 'f^'/'y^y^i< <ji'^j^j^/iiy <6^^^ OJ^AH ' ^ ' <^^^<

*

( . )

I.L^Ll # #

j l ^ 6j5lJ j j l JJ-AJ l^ Cij^

« •

"Moving from place to place In search of

subslstance or to escape a strange foe from time

immemorial have spread over greater part of the

world surface. Within recorded history human

migration have transformed the entire aspect of

land and continents and radical, ethinic and

(0

linguistic composition of their habitants." L

Encyclopaedia of Britannica, Vol.15 (History of Migration), Robert P. Gwin

(r)

(r)

1 'l^jt(^M.^^^yJ\46^^,6/

^^J»

rr.rri',L>ij);/^.(j*^ij;jyr' ^

(r)

BJ

Ji

>i<(j:r u^viX -2 l u.//|:.^^((jl 1 . (<?U'u: y

-i^njji^) "i^^^^iJijTii^r'j/^i^^ I

w

« •• • *

( 1 )

Monar ^.^JX^^I^JJ^"^siUL^ZlL/'-^^yikj (J^Neasdeni^^^vO*'c/l>L*

U)

> Z i l v ^ l ^ L*^ (JiJ iJ 'ev L(/Jacob w ^

. v ^ / U f tf/'i^.s^Jf wily ki Lrc^viAi lc:/V(^'( i^^ L^ J 1> ^ ^ j ^ .

(A)

JIV cTzorathustra t cTv U c^yJZoroaster,^ t* U l /> r l ^v j ; c ^ v j (zoroaster)

w ^ i (/Lwi!-He of the golden light u -J^ I^IL/*-W:I- J^Greak

( f i l i ' *L (jy^l i ^ - / L / ' ( l ^ l f )Gathas/cr^u;f lrt^(f^ t / o f i ii^Zoroaster

^ f If L/1 (>f J^U c:;Oy j:!/LrjU' r» l.//c:iLi;b/jy(j:! L/i "(/Jfy l<i

^ .^k/^**^-'^^ '^^cTji/^^J-l^ l/b/Jl;~/|/jl-^^/zoroaster

(0

• • •

(lO

>--^U(Jl;^^A-£->f<L'i<LyS<^"Mortal bondage X^Aj^i^)Jj^c/^c^

(M)

(ir)

(ir)

;/"wr( ( 7(jji (Xi/i> |L L^il^ .>^(V-i: jVz l^ i ; ^i>^^c>

(ir)

-f'>"<7^Lr(LTc.(V'/l^y5f(/f^l^c.LL/(/ i l j r l /^^vi .^ U y ^ ^ y ^ ' i /

(16)

L'y lj?'( L^^>t)^ s-^v^X*^''-^-'-C''-^^'C^

U^ ^ [,> (/l ( ^ £ ) ..( / ( / b

• •

v^Ur(jOjiyu.lfr(rrJ^)^yU-^>b^^>i'jUv ^

(n)

-r^>

(1^)

Push factor-;^2L Push factorsyi:J(

-Lri^4;^.^y>(/c</?(/i^a!^y^ifL:C/X^

• • • '

(J c ^ i i U ( / r ^ l^/ji^/'Jh^ j^iSi^Ji J^'Jl ^TSelective Migration

(lA)

(H)

-lru>fj^(j/ij(ji^i7y

(rO

^^C^If \/y:^c^ c</f'(Ji^.w,J^National MigrationVc^/f'i^i^vjIc^yf'iijJ^'

>?9ilnternal Migration

International >i) - ^ lr> b / * ^ c/<C c<yf'J^ (JZ-^J C: ^ ^ (j"' 7>*l Z l ^

-^ l f ( / ( j : !wU^-/ ' j j ( / l : :^w{ l^ i^^(J>f5jMigrat ion

Permanent

^Jy l l i i j : J t rL i ^J -^U^^ j> ( /L rc . /Temporary ( / ^^>urL

I UVV i ) > , ^ J j^Seasonal(^9j^ J i ^ c < y ^ i r i Z l c3i J ^ « ^ (3>f i

(ri)

Primitive Migration-c</f'(3l^'c/>'r>^ - '

Forced and Impelled Migration-c^/l^y^v^'JvU^ly^ -T

Free, Chain and Mass Migration-

(primitive Migration):^/"^^^iclyf^Ji -1

U i ^ b i L j f c ^ p ( r ^ ) B a n t u w l i L ; Z l j L j l ; i l ^ v - > Z l c ^ > ^ ( l ^ ( ^ > ^ 1 . : ^ ( j ^ ^ ^ ^

>ilCamroon Ji^ - ( j ^ X ' ^ * l f (3 Sub-Sahara Africa i ^ ( j y ^ < ^ ^ ' ( / J l ^ 6

- <£^(J5iji!! Central Africa

(Forced and Impelled Migration):c</fl^yiJ^il|ivU^!/:f - ^

(rr)

Paranti

JUvCPeak period of Bangladeshi l\/ligration and. Reason) c^r wi^'Dutta

'•lAi/iijl^iOyjtThe Qualitative Report Volume 9 Number 2, June 2004

"In the largest single stream of movement is

considered the peak period was during Bangladesh

libration was in 1971, then the 1970's is the peak

period.

Immediately after Mujibur's assassination on 15th

August 1975 migration took place extensively

about 80% of respondants (Datta et al. 2003)

hold the view that the main reason's of this

massive migration were (a) political instability in

Bangladesh due to indipendence was 1971, (b)

lack of safety and securities of the Hindu families

mainly due to war (c) Religious issue and

communal tension affecting mainly Hindus during

Ziaur Rahman (1975-1981 )"1

June 2004 - (The qualitative Report Volume 9 Number 2) Peak period of Bangladesh J_

Migration and Reason)

(rr)

'•^.y

(rr)

(r^)

r.cjLi # #

(n)

Migration between India and Pravin M. Visaria

Volume 6 Number 3 August ) i ^ (jy"'iT ^^ tr/evl>(" Pakistan 1951-61

"Abstract - A critical evaluation of the available data

on migration between India and Pakistan in the

1951-61 decade leads to the conclusion that there

was a substantial net migration of Pakistan - born

persons into India, but only a negligible net

migration of India - born persons into Pakistan.

Annual administrative statistics published by the

Indian Government suggest an immigration from

Pakistan of the order of 1.16 to 1.32 million. More

importantly, birthplace data from the Indian

censuses indicate a net intercensal immigration

of Pakistan - born persons amounting to 1.19 to

1.34 million, depending on the assumed level of

mortality. The Pakistani census, data on the

(r^)

Indian - born show no net influx from India during

1951-61. Intercensal growth rates for the

population of different religious faiths in Pakistan

are consistent with the estimates of net

immigration into India. The migrants and the

survivors of their progeny are estimated to

represent a net gain of about 1.68 million by

India and to account for no more than 2.2

percent of the total population growth in India

during 1951-61." I

-(JC^ 1.32.i 1.16Lc:7 **

Pravin M. Visaria, Magazine Democracry, Vol.6 No.3, August 1969, p.323 I,

(rA)

/, L c^ \J^iM Sofh\j^J\^ J / jr 1951 -61 /^

i:: jt i\j^ So/^L ^ u ^/^j oi\^L (jyii^

(Ji-> iii't3>f (X* iTd'^-''C^'^^-J*^ 1951-61 J ^ irlf L/l.

>«>»i2.2i: uOuii^c'^i .68Li7i;i(i4T(/(;ji:>' >; i_

6>t-yJiL:^LiP^(>^^J/y|^^i>c^(/j/lXj((^Z^l:i5,oo,ooo/iJ^Lc^y'^i>c^

(n)

c^Xr)t/T(()« -.js^j^ji^ (r)

(rO

J^t^d^jshJi^c/^iii/

(n)

; L ( / ( / I -L^ (X^ Jl> u ^ T(/(jijL £ : , ^ j ^ ( /Oi l

( • •

^ i i ^ « f t ; ^ i^>K«(J^j)5j>jii^iyUUv,/^s>iry^iy

irr)

lJi^J'\

ffif

rrrJ^/V^^-^^'^-ec^'V" i

(rr)

u/,^.iJ*..(ci:;A^yi:(yur^/^j^^,^2^

:*7^(/L^(jyi-^l^*Jit^^iil/Li.

(rr)

y >j2-(i iJt L J li L O^yr ^l^*> ( / f ' / - ^ t> J ^ ( / ^ - i ^ ^ ^

r^9i-/Vj^-^''Vo^'?7

(r^)

JtL^J

rAr.rA6j-.,^/J^,i^^:^y^4'i,^^/iy;.j/'(t^y^)"t,,^jT">^,

(ri)

(r^)

(rA)

SuxfAyut (j/t^^f cTc bUi j : !£ lZ l ^ ^ 1 ^ t / J ^ U c / ^ c ^ ( /

(n)

(rO

\rc>rrL^^^'c.,::"jj^^r,} I

(ri)

"f^J^k"

iirJ^/'^(3>-L^">.ec^'V

(rr)

(rr)

J^^^ ' , ^

(rr)

X>f ijAl^ jA^di^^ u^-'> ^^^ ^U^^i SbJ' iMu^^-^^

riLrirJ^/'Jj,/ i^Vc^'57 L

(r<i)

iji^4.^) c/l r

(n)

i^>^^^iO^,*i^ c:^l:>b(/i^/^9;i^ c'Ul^Olc^Ty^U 1^^

(/U>:j (^ L M / L ^ ^ t (jV( J^(j:l: t^Li^ l/c^c^ ^ ^

(r^)

(vj2^^^) d^j

L^

(rA)

<y^^

nj-/i/r".jx-4

(n)

J>4>i uUi;>ii ivir4- c fl f / ^ J^o I /wTi/jviy ; ^ ti/6^\>^ ^^i^

(/((/'^l-wC L / L J>f c< L*c j U>(j:l: (Jj^rV^f^l / jL/ '^ i ' -b^l^ tilery ('v^y: i ^ (/^

(<M)

rri-'/:^y^"J(:s?^:.>-^ £

(^r)

LV-

i l c ^ U C^C? 9 > V £ UA^i/bl c / 's i / t^ c X t

^i^^ri^'criJv'vwiZljjULji;^;)

(dr)

(^r)

-l \J6f^yiS^J 6/y: J^^ J^^ ^ - ^

(^1)

<<JM/^ JS

rrJ^/vU">>i:>c^/ 1

(0^)

• • • ^ •

(dA)

(60

at c.(7 J ^ i l L/'C.JI^-uCO^ j / i ^ ^(/Oii b>^

(V)

^rj^/'jij^"jx>c// I

(II)

iifyU^ijiO f\^P\,\j

Jy^-i^ Jjj^il^il U>^e Y(^-i^ C/^ ^ (J>^^^ ^ ( / ' ^ l*^/J-'l^*(J^>^

( i r )

*• • ' ^ ^ • ^ • • t f

r\L,r\syr\f/^0\jir/\^M\.]j I

(ir)

•r

L X / / J \ ^ ^l^M ^^4 ^d^l^ C^-J^^^i li/S^^ (//L/Sii bX^-(

(ir)

i:>c r ^ *L ii;>-^;^L;i (j^cTu) Jit tr»"

9 / 1 ^ Uy l l^^i l c">*l^ ^ ^ : ^ ^ i /(y^-<i- w^^/ f^

-yrO^ U T>r (^(street boys)y'^ cicy^'c/jL^^/i' \>^'J^LA J^t O ' ' - ^

^ri^'.*^L^j(/u>c/ij7i>w^il(iji;L(^/)(/ljYiKJi4;)

( i t i )

(11)

(1^)

(1A)

(1^)

"£^Ji\"

U*)

( 0

(>•) ^ / i ^

• i ** i • • • • • • •

(^r)

9zJ^^/'^lX"^/li^"r^

(^r)

Ur)

r*(V-'/'^jy"i^UJiZ:>Hj/iJi;/(j i.

(^1)

nri'/^v-i^Li/r^Hj/iJi;//]

( ^ ^ )

l US^ L o/\£s:ji^iJ{5^jy^ Ut/c^*i:^(^Zl j/'i^Jj^^n^^!)}

i^u/io^(y^.*^sj:i*:^L^uyu'V'>^'=^c/'^i^*^>'^i-^-i-''vi^^ I **

(^A)

z. iJi^

' • • •

C^*?)

L/(^ U>y i ^ ^ i - ^ ^ fhi\ ^j> [jj^i Jir^S^ \j)

<^'iJ^r4i^"L\JiS'L60^^:^^'6O>^=^

(A*)

rJ',^Li/'jL^"^/(/irf^>vi

(Al)

(Ar)

• * > •

rrJ-'o[/l;"iyjiv/: /.(/irf^>i; i

(Ar)

i^y^^jyiiryy^i^i/u/iTi^jl.j'iyi^j^iy^^

(Ar)

r.L-iLi # «

* *

^^ ^ r^I (i y(/> < c t; i ; ' (/iTi i^ t u ^X'u^ jy p*'

(A<&)

'ir'i-'/'J)j;(rjr*ik"c;r^,lii:-l I

(A1)

^ji^y. c^ L^f.ji\ J^jL ^fij: c^jy^^l M £ ^^\ 1}'^^6M y Oi/,

ii^^yj>J'i/'^^\iL^h\Jd^y^CJ^^)\^

9 rj-'/'J b; (j r* li* " /T ^ l -1

(A^)

(AA)

— — ^ — • ^ • • ' " ^ ' • ' ^ • * • • — i •

^•J^'l>,'jUy4v:»'£j^«LLil^J/IJi;

(A9)

vl/lZl ( j ;> /^ (/( L^ (i>f ci>Cc3 C . : > ^ "

iihii^ji^ ^c^j: Sui^ji^jijhij: ICJ^Y^JM i/jjAi^/jJ-Jc^^ i/

rr^J^'^J^J/J:/:J^Jl^Jif^^JlJ;ii}JA^[JlXiiy-i/l^ili

(^0

('fO

Ut^-d/^J>^^^<f-c'-»(i'y->(j^^i^J^t|/ij^irT*iLU^yJ^^

(9r)

(^r)

*• V y •• T ** y

fli/U^j^il '^'\<^m/\d/Z^/H^if 'S^^J^

c^AuClJ^>^^L^^<^/'J-> J- V-><ii->< ->lf'(J *NO MAN'S LANDcJlf (^(*L

ivJ^'i^l^is/^CiJ^l^jj/^yiy^i i .

(<J(i)

• . I

y

ti

(j:!: ( / L ^ ^ j:t j y 1*1 c/7r >^ i vi uT^J-zT''

(^1)

^y^^^ J\^dfij\ 8 i - ^ LrcrcrVV-/-> i J>bU i»c<r t^l/^lr^>^ ^>3

(^^)

t I i ^ *• • • ••

(9A)

(r6-(n>'/'^t/i;C^'L_,/S4/^(i>Uw(^l>

(99)

BJ

(i-)

•••J^<(/l^vj(^lj7^l^(^j>):jAy(|^i^l^lJ/'^i^U'(i^>Lt^^;i:v j ^

(IH)

** • * •

9>i> J^c^. j\ji\^ ty^J^c^. [f'ji\ B)\u<C^i}^L J^^cJ^j:j)i (/y'c 'ir 41

rAA>n^^i^(3;:jA^LjiiJvi^ii4'/^J;-jjU^/)i i

(i-r)

v:»(^ L5vt= f ^ t V ^ X c ^ 4 . l ^ i l ( j / / i ^ ^ , ( ^ > V c / / ^ - ^ c ^ ^

0*r)

C6(kj:^) (< ah^9y

'It/

ir'(i-i(f'ij)>^Ui(i:jC^.:>>^-"t^^" i

(Kr)

• T

*

in rr<(cv)jkLi^iji6o>^>^'yX6o>^^^

0*0)

/c^^yO^oy i i y (J uiy^ ly u!py y ^t'/ii^r^ u

tiji

l^ri^^(^i.)>-^Li(Z:ti>..:>^/L/:7" J>.:>^

(1-^)

v * ^

9rJ-/:^ui(l;"^b~i^

(l*A)

w; w- J^ ( / ' I ' i^ O^O^f-ii > t J'-'^ (J i iT^^

(1*9)

(iiO

^ • * *

(m)

I \J^<"J> li' '^/. J^; /v>^ (v

(Mr)

/ J ^ ( O^Ll^ l^>f f l L; u ( (^i^tTLl^ bj^ ' l f ' l^>^

rrJ^/'(3'>D"^/.J>i/v>^iv I

(Mr)

(iir)

(ii<&)

\^^rr^lj\\^''^J^>

(111)

1^ A, lii S ^ . ^ L>(i>2r, liT/;^

(M^)

(HA)

rii^.c/tP'"(yj^v/:^yf.(/irfi^>Vi

(119)

r . rA J', c^"' ' y njj' ' > _ (/irfil>vi I

(irO

ri^i

rA.rq>'.i;/iP'"v(yjiv/'>/-(/ljY>v( i

(in)

(irr)

(irr)

(^-i^(/ifV (Jjtr-iX^L^ ii-^^i-^/^^L^-fi^

r'ii".jL>-)'>^ijU"^/.(/irf£>vi

(irr)

)J

• • * **

* * * * * * it

(ir(&)

A 6/ii^ ^ u i ^ C V I / L T ^ ji Jiif c/> i Jiif

( i n )

(iKi)

(irA)

• • •

Ui 'l y cTd^^i^ c^t/ '^i i /ury/>4! J ^ c^; (j:! >^ X / ^

(in)

• • *

(irO

f . CJLJ

(in)

t ~

V . ^ fe J ( VSiPOif i i y i ^ tif-K c^iiif (/^ ^ 1

^-^iTCU^fA )Diaspora(j:::|Jivb>^v>i^C'^lB7

( i r r )

Ji

(/ iif >ii c^/'^j pi LTS Lf^b/f L/Zl u / / u A I;;L t r 2-ii^Zl (jjKi><r i f v

( i rr)

>4^

(irr)

( / i^ Jr^i c^ir^i/(jyui; i_iy ^ c^ Zl j i * V

(ird)

CiL^c>syrj\i'\^)^.^^'^/,.j'i^.jj^^\'i}

(in)

(/^/^il^l c>lj._r^ ti:^^li^ ( / £ r ^ l>i /^!y L^

•>i'c:

• • • V

^Aj^/';(,rtf^c:^':^>^.t^jUf.>^;/'i?/

(irA)

station 9iC^3

- if iJ^^hi' l/9>i

^^y<'%'\S)^^"^A^J'>^'JJed^^'i}

(in)

0)

(irO

(in)

r^rj^r^^^AM'&3\jkui?:4'^'^y/'^J^'

(irr)

• • • •

r^^>'/'i^^cf4J>i"Ji'>ji^-j>'',^/.;^rj::^

(irr)

^i

(irr)

y • V* * •

(ird)

(in)

rrri'/:;^rc{>f^':,/.;(,rc{X^..^c^/?/

(ir^)

(irA)

(I<i0

ji

(|<M)

^A(t>^.;(,rt{X^^//lj'Wj^ip^c^V

(i<ir)

* y

rAi5>n;brc{Xs^^/'D-W^jp.fe>o^K/ 1

( idr)

r-,rHj-',;(irjXH>//l/Ur'uX^p^c^(V

(«ir)

it y **

rrr,rrrJ^.;(,rjX-^^//'J'u>^j^j^p^i;;f)K7

(166)

rr'Lrrri-'.jiir^^^//lfu>-^j^Vc^V

(l<i^)

(l^A)

(1^^)

(nO

(111)

^ij/\>,>3 /<\j^X Jj^^i (/' (XJ ' ' J ;^LO ^ " J ^ ^//^ oi/,L 1}

Metamorphosis

(iir)

-^Ju>f>uJ(/(3L^^i^i:ik^viivj^

(iir)

V * •

(«ir)

rr,rrJ^,jl;L/3?(/"J'^yt//r"t;;r^li^-( ^

(11^)

rTj-^jUL/Ii^Z-j^-^^^Jir"^.!^-/ i

(n^)

-X^yytUfUj-Zj^^XZ/IJi^

(HA)

( / ^ ^ jr\^ ^^i ,jj> o\i - ^ i 3 ^ ^ " - J / ^

rA.nii'jUL/S^Lr'^/'^fii/c^vli^-i

( l lO

^i>''"uui/ci?Lr':^/'^<iJ^c/r^vi^'(

(1^0

(1^1)

J'

^s-v>'''ul;i/ti?/':^/'i^<iu^t<^iii^-'

(i^r)

(i^r)

If •»

(/'w-'ij:! CJIP L yX ' ^ f P^y ( j : ! , t^ i j / j > ^

riZyCxrjyui;

(l^<i)

^uy^9i^ir-i:^'^4^>^ciLi^'>/'><f^virtJV'^'^-^''*^A^''*'f'-f

c.(>K;Cy'>^4i^^d'^jyj9'v(j:i:2^'vyi:^^T((j:!/^vi^-^i^)4rj^

! • . '^y'L\J\L^:ffj\i;\'^^\c^^^iM<(<^/)jAJ>^\})/

(1^1)

(1^^)

(l^A)

'L^^i^rM,tcc^^^^^\fjyA

(1^<I)

f^Jc\f'\j\?\!/-/ (i T. j ^ : : ^ i "u Ji^ l> L^ '>*'

(lAO

l^^>''"Utrt/t^(/"'^>^'^^>^9i'C^>lii^-|

(lAl)

L^

' 1^

(lAr)

It **

(lAr)

friJ^/uui/J^/'^/^J^/ir^vifc:-!

(lAr)

• • «

(lAd)

rtcJ-'/Ulri/I^Lf'^^'lfH:^>^*t 1

(IA1)

-^ITU>t>^>l^ 1 Identity CrisisyLr'<=^U^f-'^^:^

,t^L•^^tU^^(^/y^^>^J;^J?>-5/^l^X^'>'!^c£/Ul^|y^(3T

(lAZ)

cfCi; LL i ^ cT'wd W i LTUTI t ( i : ' r^z :

(lAA)

(IA9)

->?>I0I^Identity Crisisi^ (J>f|^^

wii ( i c ^ / f i - Lf^'^ i rT t^ i 'U-Z l (JL/Iyr JLl?^ (^identity Crisis (J^ J^f

( ( ^ )

l/K/ /

)>f<>c.(j:ri.(X57Ljv^4i4(il7yJ'i<(j:!:fi^r»j:r"

i L / u ^ J>'(j'':>(i>^7-t^Lf'i yl A ' y j (/*iL^ c3^ (/<

(m)

i/d< [/y^J' if U ilf J^^i'l^il i:i<u^-i^ I ^ / U L ^

(1^0

c/^i<:-vb LTc L <L^/ii^L. Jj'/<=-- U^ ^fi

i^(jy^(>^^L^ZUij^/;^y|^^i'L^ylr7t/viy^

(i^r)

rrj^^.m;^ cJs< \)U:^^^^j^jj>/jt:>JSi/^j,\ji^ tLvjU^Jt^J^

(I'jr)

at

-^ir>(jv^i;j</iZluyiJc^( ( • «

i^fl-iA*>'.((ivlf-Jl^-/'^)'^-^'(/ri/l^<>>*i:r

(l^<i)

(HI)

(c/K/v>e/)

J}

• • • •

- i . ^ > L ( rjl>/r i ^^ / i l vL^ i J.4fL-L^i

y L ^ <i_y ijc:^ ijS) {:f\i^t/:iPt jLjii£^ Ji^^i)

(I1A)

f

a w^i-i. uy (jii ^^jA (/C J b-LTvlJi '

_^^yiJ^^j<>tc^i^ij(i'Ji^cl'>'j'^ Z^c^i>ijyij

"?if(J'^t^/''^t'i^J/l>!^^'Vy

(l^fO

(r-)

SAJ^.JAOI^'/I^^-'^'UH^'I/^^^^^/' L

(M)

CvZl Oi/i)c:^ /L L.^^yt \jec^ [f'Jji^^/'jh/^[5'i[ LA ii/j^

^ i' jvif'Ji '/u^^ 'uuy 'Lrfeyvve/- L

(r*r)

y''

rrr>'.(J^U,JU./U"U>'Lri^y^>^/

(r*r)

(r-r)

4yuy(j:!;uio^yiyi^^y;Xui^£JU5(^i_jyij^^^^^

e? "*Ly , i . Z ^ L/W y u^^/X/i 1. cjU u^ t/(

** • • y

rr'iJ^.(jA.JU,/U^/"Ui>"(/l^y^^^

(M)

\mjr\hy<^^jk^,3j\^,\t:^A<i/\^\i

(r*^)

• *

r»rj^.^>ic3'irjLv>/^-^j/j;i^)r(i>c'c/r^(j^i^>''L/^v^ L

(r-A)

• **

/• ; r x»» / m J i":a<v/ r*, '' ' "

(r*0

(riO

(Ml)

(nr)

isi^.^l?-(r(j;ui)ZljLv>^>/"(/j^t://"Ji^>^

(rir)

9 J w-- - t^>t^ Ly^wf^yPy'i^ l ^ i _ j f < ^ Com prom ise

^fi»J'.wi?*(ruyi (ZljLv>^>/'Lrifc//'(jLv>^

(rir)

c ^

<^Ly<^^^^o'^\j\L^ijjf^rJ^^^''^ijjjr^

(rid)

(rii)

i<5ii^&^*(ruyuii«£lJb> 'Ufi:^ij"jL>i^ i

(n^)

^^J^'(^LiJ\jM^^'\'^j^l)iLiJljJ):^JijJk

(riA)

6. C J U # •

* «

(\jJ:^'^Jl£ jfj.y^y ^yf'i^Uil fe'. '^(^/tk, J^^^^ ^j;i}i ^ l / c . / '

(nO

ifJ^^ (j>'(v^' iiy^)^ (^{^Ji^^y^ij^ /L ^/'s:^jh/

(rrO

rj^oi^^o J / r i^lf/ (t jL . -lAfTjt^^ A-.

(m)

4 w^ •• • ,

{yrr^

rr>'"^i^)y(3/,(3^"i^Uii^rjfo-J^^(>

(rrr)

(/[^i(, l^ trif J . J^y/^l^iy/VjU-L^^iu^

.j,>i^.^ u^ i / ^ IfV Jy^-1^ 1 v (jrrC^ (ivy^i j y ^

rfl>n"^i^iy(i/>(3^"i^Ui^rj^^i.-jfiv i.

(rrr)

(rw)

(rn)

• • • • • • J

(rrA)

L'iUt£2^[^.^ify3iUt

AAi'.^^>r^>fU>^")>i^l/"c/^/>

(rrO

flri-'^J'^>f^>ru/'Ut/"J^^/.

(rrO

(rri)

(rrr)

r»rJ-iJ'^^^>i(>/)'>JKJ/"J^^U i

^ ^ ^ ^ ^

(jrr)

(rra)

\L\r^L.\J\J-Ly(b"i!f'^"J^(b

irri)

*• V ••

J y i / l l ) J ^ 9J y c < / ' ^ , U? l /y^ iTLy^^^ (J^ CiL (/il)f^i< c</'<i^ iiJiSc^

(rni)

/ J X < ^ 1/ 4 ^c f ' # j : t u ^ . J.l^ii Jl r

(rrA)

L£jiS LJ^£j^, jiJ^jiL \jSic^ oy^"^ \S/^yc^^j\:t) oi/^ c(j

(rn)

yi

Uii^li^yjl ^ b / i ^ (J^vb/d'wX l^iii lJf/^ t>f |->^l^ly:yi!,<i^ Lf(/ l-J^(

6iJ^. J!;^U>/'l/iUf"c;r^i>/ I

(rr^)

/SJb^iyO''y<^Ji^<*i^(C^'^i''>^<Oi^<^*^wU*t^

(rn)

t^/)/L {S/iijC\cL^ l i X ^ L - ^ L/L CTC^ JX\

r*-r^j^<Jjc.\^^^/yjV'd^^^^

{rp^r^

{r^ry

r^y<Jjc.\^^/.\2'^"^J;i\j/ I

{r(^r^

Jv (j:! oU (/J^£ L/I JL (iy-j T b^^x v' '"

nJ^<Jl{jihj:^^^j^^"c^U^fi4"jiyij^y:

(rro)

(rn)

c./'ij:! (/ilr(/j; ^-c/y^£ Jy/L (j:! (/lir;/^

L (iv^ij4 c^J'utfVi^'j .^/w rc.y (j:r j yV ' i ^ 6 ; ^^^

(rrA)

(rr<i)

(5r>'.jV-/j»'^>t:^c<yi^)/DilfC^^yr

(rdi)

(r^r)

^\>j ,*Li j X / £ £ ^j\^L <:i^J.\'iS)

\r\y.^)^^^j\Ui^r^'A^j\r^/\jjtr i

{ydr^

(fdd)

" f — f \

(rdi)

r^^^j^rjhJL\LLL/jhy

irr.(rr:^.^X^^'i>>^'^X^>'^'"-!/'>4-

(mz.)

c.i>.i^(^^ir(/J^ iii^(^/)(i3^L/'((iiO)

(rdA)

ir*>l^X^jj^/'L.X^^'j'"-'/'A^

(r<^<i)

•'"'' Au:i^y

* * « ^ • • * * 1 ** *

(no

\r\y.i^/^c^j\Ui^r^/^cL,j\)"^/\jj^

(ni)

aJjM

(nr)

(rir)

(i>iiii; (/(J^LJ^^^? X ^ Uljs:(j:! dl?A 4 ^ 0 ^

(ilJ'/'2:.l»<<".J^£Uj(JX":^/.Jj^)

inr)

(jv/ji>3> J j3lJ)(-y^>j (^''u^L^U J^c:,Llil^

(n^)

(rii)

(n^)

cUiX

^l^lcT

i<)Ar

iqz.1

r*ii

(9AA

r..r

i iqr

i<iz.r

fN»1

r**q

I91A

r»»A

l l n

I99*

mr

m^

199(5

^ • r

r*»r

191^

I9PA

l9Ar

j ^ O ^ l J .

v rlJ

U.S.A.

Routhledge

il^C/tf

Ji ^^

J'. J'.

JLT^IJK

^xi i

j ^ .

jyi^

J-yi^li

./J* v>?li

J'J

J'. it'.

L .

^ / j "

^l/% j\j\iij\ (

Chicago

U.K. London /

iJv(^V»>''-''

t/j[.>-rjvjiy

V *

A' ' J'Ur'wCijyl

j jU ' i^vy

^uLi j j^ i /nXj^

a^^-J^.J^I

-4;^-?^

aH-^»J^' ( c ^ > ' l / J j ) ^ > f ^

uT^^arj^i

/^•'\X^

(c^>»U)^^>lrJcJlX

(o^>'U)>Lc^-

.:A!^i

/^•*M'^

j'i\Sj^^\

•

: J J U ^ ) L ^ ^ V I ^ I K

Encyclopaedia of Britannica

Anthropology of Migration

and Multiculturalism

^^IrJ^^liJitiJvi

\jiUjj>^lL)ij\

0,i))j\jt/i^j:

^jj'ijJjivJ

MJl\S)\j'\ij)^)}j\

ji^iS^jtJjivjl

6vt-c/y/^jl-^(ijvi

LVJK1/T

i-(;(^L/Lx

^ j > ' i f

J/:>' / r C^v

^ ^

U^^hf

jfjf

ifz-UOhit

if^ifij'

w ^ / u > ^

j > ^ e v Robert P. Gwinn

Steven Vertovee

i^AcT'f/ti

ijjU^j'\^h

wJ/iJi ; / i i

C^VIKL^

.uT^/ i

j^-.JuJi^/ij

> ( ^

^^t^C^ls/

y^ec^'e/

>^0^<»7

v>ir>cC(j7

ji^4.ji

ji^4.j^

iOi.^

c;ir^i>r^

jj^\://

f\^j:^\.\j

iX,j^^^

^^A 1

r

r

r

D

1

L

A

9

!•

II

ir

i r

IP'

ID

11

\L

lA

19

r*

ri

(riA)

I9AI

i9Ar

i<!Ar

(SAq

ISA*

ti'J L^J^-AiJ^J^I JV'vj»ci<:' v U''jJv) JSt>^(3/^jy rr

^ y rX-'T J>U e^>:^v>^b r r

' ^ ^ L^ (r^j^)u!rcr.f^ .>^cr/ ri

f-^ J'j cJL;iJ7i6V^>fJ^y (Jj '»UL^^T > ( j : / rr

(ri9)

I9A.

i9<)o^y

(r^O

Jv> IflAI

tq(5(J(J^ylf^yl

i<)A»^y

flA);^ylf(^vi^

iqAi

' : ^ >

I9AI

(i-f^r^BvP

i<)ii^

iq^i

iJ^

./J*

;3^ J.

^y

^x

^ ^ U 5 <

^ ^

.^J>r.

yti^LJi

y^l^L^'

^:^uii

^l^fU/Zl^LJl

^Z-

^ ^ L ^ '

^l^'U/iLJ)

/ l>

/ l>

JJUil

J;U)i

/ l ^

LS^Jy^

.^•

CTJ^*

ej^y^

j t

1

r

r

r

<5

1

^

A

<)

!•

(r^i)