Urinary Tract InfectionSyphilis

By : Ayu Putri Handayani, S. Ked

Lecturer : dr. Hendra Herman, Sp. U

Urinary Tract Infection

anatomy

Urinary Tract Infection• UTI is one of the more common

medical problems.• Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a

term that is applied to a variety of clinical conditions ranging from the asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine to severe infection of the kidney with resultant sepsis.

etiology• Most UTIs are caused by a single

bacterial species. At least 80% of the uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis are due to E. coli• Other less common

uropathogens include Klebsiella, Proteus,and Enterobacterspp. and enterococci.

epidemiologyThe epidemiology of UTI grouped by age and sexage Incidence

femalemale Risk factors

<1 0,7 2,7 Foreskin, anatomic GU abnormalities

1-5 4,5 0,5 Anatomic GU abnormalities

6-15 4,5 0,5 Functional GU abnormalities

16-35 20 0,5 Sexual intercourse, diaphragm use

36-65 35 20 Surgery, prostate obstruction, catheterization

>65 40 35 Incontinence, catheterization, prostate obstruction

classification• Depend of Anatomical structurSimple UTI, complicated UTI• Depend of Clinical manifestations Asymptomatic UTI, symptomatic UTI

pathogenesis

• Bacterial Entry

• Host defense

• Bacterial Pathogenic Factors

DIAGNOSIS• Anamnesis• Physical Examination• Urynalisis• Urine culture• Localization Studies• Imaging

syphilis

definitionsThis complex illness is caused by T. pallidum, a spirochete, and holds a special place in the history of medicine as “the great impostor” and “the great imitator.”

Syphilis is a systemic disease. Patients may seek treatment for symptoms of signs of primary, secondary, or tertiary infection.

• Primary infection is characterized by anulcer, or chancre, at the site of infection

• Secondary manifestations include rash, mucocutaneous lesions, and adenopathy.

• Tertiary infection may present with cardiac, neurologic, ophthalmic, auditory, or gummatous lesions

Definitive diagnosis of early syphilis is done by darkfield examination or direct immunofluorescent antibody tests of lesion exudates, because antibodies may not be present.Presumptive diagnosis depends on serologic testing. Serologic tests are either nontreponemal, such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests, or treponemal, such as the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) testand microagglutination assay for antibody to T. pallidum (MHA-TP).

treatment

Thankyou