U S 2M R . P E R R Y

CHAPTER 17 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

(1890-1920)

SECTION 4ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

TEDDY ROOSEVELT

•Graduated from Harvard in 1880•Assistant Sec of Navy•Served in Spanish American War•NY Governor•VP under Prez McKinley in 1900

TR BECOMES PRESIDENT

• In 1901 while President McKinley is assassinated by Leon Czogolsz in Buffalo NY at the Pan American Exposition• The assassin was Leon Czolgosz, an unemployed anarchist who had lost faith in the government• After just a few months as VP, Teddy Roosevelt was now the President of the United States

TR’S “SQUARE DEAL”

• TR’s idea of “Square Deal” meant that all people would receive equal treatment from the government• One of his 1st challenges arose when coal

miners went on strike in PA• Roosevelt intervened when the owners

refused to give in to workers demands• In the end Roosevelt used an unbiased

arbitrator who granted a small pay raise to workers • He also established the Department of

Commerce and Labor to monitor the actions of business and workers

TR TRUST-BUSTING AND REGULATING INDUSTRY

Railroads

1.Elkins Act

2.Hepburn Act

Food and DrugCompanies

3.Meat Inspection Act

4.Pure Food and Drug Act

TR MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENTPAGES 572-574

1. Who was John Muir?2. What position did Gifford

Pinchot hold and what did he recommend of the environment?

3. What did the National Reclamation Act do?

NATIONAL LAND CONSERVATION MAP

LA AQUEDUCT

ROOSEVELT AND TAFT SPLIT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

• In 1908 TR decides not to run for reelection but uses his popularity to help get his friend William Taft elected• Taft passed the Payne Aldrich Tariff, which

TR wanted, but did not lower tariffs as much as TR had hoped• Taft, also a Progressive, broke up twice as

many trusts(monopolies) as TR but allowed some larger trusts to remain• He was also the first President to propose

a federal income tax (passed later by Wilson)

ROOSEVELT AND TAFT SPLIT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

• TR would become furious when Taft fired his environmental advisor Gifford Pinchot• Pinchot had criticized Sec of Interior Richard

Ballinger over the sale of coal rich land in Alaska• When TR decided to return to politics and run

for President in 1912, Progressives formed their own party and backed TR• Taft would run as a Republican but neither

stood much chance with the Republican vote split• The Democrats nominated Woodrow Wilson,

Governor of NJ

ELECTION OF 1912