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US 2/US 81 SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY Public Input Meeting #1 Grand Forks, ND April 2019

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Page 1: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

US 2/US 81 SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDYPublic Input Meeting #1Grand Forks, NDApril 2019

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AGENDA• Study Area• Train Crossings and Blockages• Vehicular Traffic and Reliability• Safety• Pedestrian, Bicycle and Transit• Environmental Conditions• Alternatives Brainstorming• Next Steps

Page 3: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Known Issues and Conflicts;Mill spur railroad crossing creates traffic blockages and queueing issues. Intersection skew makes turning movements for trucks difficult. Opportunities for improved pedestrian, bicycle and transit conditions. 

Study Area

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Train Crossings and Blockages

Page 5: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Safety12 crashes between 1975‐1994No crashes since 1994

Crash Prediction0.028 crashes per year (FRA)5th highest rate in City7th highest rate in County

Mill Spur Crossing

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Train Blockages

4 to 5 blockages per day10 MPH or LessRail Delay Estimates

89 Hours/Day2,670 Hours/Month32,396 Hours/Year

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

20.00%

1AM

2AM

3AM

4AM

5AM

6AM

7AM

8AM

9AM

10AM

11AM

12AM

1PM

2PM

3PM

4PM

5PM

6PM

7PM

8PM

9PM

10PM

11PM

12PM

Vehicular Distribution (%) Train Distribution (%)

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ND Mill Working to Accommodate Unit TrainsAll crossings will be blocked at the same time.

Unit Trains

4x Longer than Current Trains

10‐17 Minutes of Delay at Mill Spur Crossings

4‐6 Blockages per Month

Potential to Occur at Night

Page 8: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Average train blockage is 2:31Brain damage in four to six minutes when heart stopsAltru Hospital provides emergency service to East Grand Forks and surrounding area

Train blockage duration will increase with Unit Trains

Emergency Responders Pg. 8

Page 9: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Average train blockage is 2:31Fires can double every 60 secondsGoal to reach every address within four minutes

Train blockage duration will increase with Unit Trains

Emergency Responders

Page 10: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Vehicular Traffic and Reliability

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Existing and Future Traffic Vo

lumes

Page 12: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Truck TrafficLevel One Freight System with international connections1,200‐1,500 trucks per dayTrucks per day > 1,500 during sugar beet harvest seasonIn 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to expand another 22% in 5 years

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Traffic Ope

ratio

ns

Page 14: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Intersectio

n Traffic Ope

ratio

ns

LOS acceptable at all intersections today, except N 4th Street.Congestion Builds at Washington Street, causing unacceptable LOS in the futureQueuing an Issues in All ScenariosTravel Time a Concern with Trains and Multiple Signals

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2045 Queuing Issues

PM Peak Train Event (non‐unit train)

Page 16: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

2045

 Train Event Ope

ratio

ns

One train event: 4 hours of vehicle delay today7 hours by 2045

Future unit trains

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Travel Tim

e

Existing 2045

30

29

51

31

30

60

0 50 100 150 200

Morning Eastbound

Morning Westbound

Evening Eastbound

Evening Westbound

Train Event (1 hour)Eastbound

Train Event (1 hour)Westbound

Free Flow Additional Travel Time

50

63

174

61

61

91

0 50 100 150 200 250

Morning Eastbound

Morning Westbound

Evening Eastbound

Evening Westbound

Train Event (1 hour)Eastbound

Train Event (1 hour)Westbound

Free Flow Additional Travel Time

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Reliability

0 0

250

129129

178

126

151

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Eastbo

und With

Train

Westbou

ndWith

 Train

Eastbo

und No

Train

Westbou

nd No

Train

Travel Tim

e (Secon

ds)

Evening MiddayVariability in Time

0 0

122

9696102

92

108

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Eastbo

und With

Train

Westbou

ndWith

 Train

Eastbo

und No

Train

Westbou

nd No

Train

Travel Tim

e (Secon

ds)

Evening Midday

Existing 2045

Variability in Time

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Existing Traffic Control AnalysisRemoval of unwarranted signals reduces

All crashes by 24%Injury crashes by 54%Right angle crashes by 24%Rear end crashes by 29%

Existing

2030 and 2045

Page 20: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Safety

Page 21: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Crash History

28 Crashes/Year78% Intersection Crashes

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Intersection Rear End AM or PM PeakHours

Following TooClosely

Injury Angle Failed To Yield Truck Left Turn Sideswipe Speed

52% Rear‐End Crashes38% Peak Hour Crashes

Pg. 20,19

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20th Street Intersection

12 crashes in last five years33% rear end crashes on east approach25% westbound left‐turn crashes (Protected/Permitted)

Left Turn25%

Angle8%

Rear End50%

Sideswipe0%

Other17%

Left Turn Angle Rear End Sideswipe Other

Unwarranted signal control increasesAll crashes by 24%Injury crashes by 53%Right angle crashes by 24%Rear end crashes by 29%

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Access M

anagem

ent

Unsignalized drivewaysIncrease crash rate by 2%Reduces corridor travel speed by 0.25 MPH 

Desired Access Spacing 660 feet8 access/mile

Existing Access Spacing33 accesses66 access/mile (8x Standard)

Page 24: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

20th Street to Washington Street

17 crashes in last five yearsAbove critical crash rate41% during AM/PM peak hoursLong queues and dense access spacingsQueues block sight lines

Left Turn23%

Angle18%

Rear End35%

Other24%

Left Turn Angle Rear End

Sideswipe Other

Pg. 21

Page 25: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

US 81/Washington Street Intersection

45 crashes in last five years60% rear end crashes

30% during AM or PM peak hour30% between 11 AM to 1 PM

Angle18%

Rear End60%

Sideswipe18%

Other4%

Left Turn Angle Rear End Sideswipe Other

8 crashes involving trucks0 Crashes involving Pedestrians or BikesLong queues and dense access spacings30% rear end crashes during peak hours

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Mill Road/5th Street Intersection

41 crashes in last five yearsAbove critical crash rate

50% rear end crashes65% During AM or PM peak hours52% occurred on east approach

Angle32%

Rear End56%

Other12%

Left Turn Angle Rear End Sideswipe Other

Page 27: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Pedestrian, Bicycle and Transit

Page 28: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Pedestrian Network Pg. 9,10

Only controlled crossing at 3rdStreet underpassADA conflicts at crosswalks, utilities and drivewaysMinimal to no buffer

Page 29: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Connections3rd Street and Red River Greenway to the eastColumbia Road to the west

No traffic control to cross US 2/Washington StreetUnderpass at 3rd StreetBikes allowed on all streets

Bicycle Network

Shared Lane Markings Installed Summer of 

2019

MB5

Page 30: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

CAT Route 2Hourly service

CAT Route 13Night Route

Stops5th Street/10thAveHugo’s on 20th StHome of Economy when scheduled in advance

Transit Network

MB6

Page 31: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Environmental Conditions

Page 32: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Right‐Of‐Way

US2/Gateway Drive : 70 feetUS 81/Washington Street : 20 feet on east side, 60 feet of west side

Page 33: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Potential ImpactsHazardous Waste SitesSocial and Economic ImpactsNoise

Affected Environment

Pedestrians and BicyclistsEnvironmental JusticeHistoric and Archaeological Preservation

Section 4f

Page 34: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Alternative Brainstorming

Page 35: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

At‐Grade Improvements

2010 Grand Forks Mill Spur Feasibility Study

Page 36: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Rerouting Skewed Movements

Grand Forks‐East Grand Forks Freight Rail Access Study

Page 37: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Reroute the Mill Spur

2016 Glasston Subdivision Railroad Crossings Mitigation Study

Page 38: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Grade Separated Crossing

Grand Forks‐East Grand Forks Freight Rail Access Study

Page 39: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Funding Availability

>$150,000,000 in Unfunded Grand Forks Projects42nd Street and DeMersAvenue (~$25‐30M)Gateway Drive/US 2 and Glasston (~$28M)Part of the NHS and Freight System

Page 40: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Next Steps

Page 41: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

Review Public Comments and 

Ideas

Develop and Analyze 

Alternatives

Review Alternatives with 

Steering Committee

Present and Review 

Alternatives to the Public

Next Steps

Page 42: US 2/US SKEWED INTERSECTION STUDY · Unit Trains 4x Longer than Current Trains 10 ... In 2016, NDSM increased capacity 33%, looking to ... Microsoft PowerPoint - PIM1 - Gateway Skew-Rail

How to Get Involved

Share Your Ideas at the Meeting!Fill Out Brainstorming WorksheetE‐mail: [email protected] Out Comment CardVisit website: https://theforksmpo.com/the‐forks‐mpo/