us and chinese museum leadership
DESCRIPTION
Powerpoint presentation delivered at AAM Conference to delegation of curators and directors of museums in China.TRANSCRIPT
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Key moments for Key moments for America’s museumsAmerica’s museums
美国博物馆发展史中的关键时期美国博物馆发展史中的关键时期
Marjorie SchwarzerMarjorie SchwarzerApril 29, 2012April 29, 2012
马乔马乔里里 ..施施华泽华泽20122012年年 44月月 2929日日
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Ancient royal museumsAncient royal museums古代皇家博物古代皇家博物馆馆
Ur of Chaldees, IraqUr of Chaldees, Iraq 伊拉克伊拉克迦迪斯的乌尔 Imperial Gardens, ChinaImperial Gardens, China 中国皇家园林中国皇家园林
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First national public museumFirst national public museumBritish Museum (1753)British Museum (1753)
第一家国立公共博物第一家国立公共博物馆馆 : 大英博物 : 大英博物馆馆(( 17531753))
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Three key contributions Three key contributions of America’s Museums:of America’s Museums:
美国博物美国博物馆馆的三个主要的三个主要贡贡献献
Ethics and professionalism (1906 – 1920s)Ethics and professionalism (1906 – 1920s) Education and community (1930s – 1970s)Education and community (1930s – 1970s) Entrepreneurship (1980s – present)Entrepreneurship (1980s – present)
伦伦理与理与专专业业 化 ( 化 ( 1906-19201906-1920年代)年代) 教育与社区 ( 教育与社区 ( 1930-19701930-1970年代)年代) 博物馆创业与拓展 博物馆创业与拓展 (( 19801980年代至今)年代至今)
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Early American museum founders were elite Early American museum founders were elite industrialists who competed intensely.industrialists who competed intensely.
美国早期博物馆的创始人是的企业家精英,他们开展激烈的竞争美国早期博物馆的创始人是的企业家精英,他们开展激烈的竞争
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They collected lots of objectsThey collected lots of objects他他们们收藏了很多收藏了很多物品物品
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And crammed those objects into galleriesAnd crammed those objects into galleries展厅中堆满了这些物品展厅中堆满了这些物品
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““Museums need employees who possess a Museums need employees who possess a “museum sense,” and understand “the unique “museum sense,” and understand “the unique qualities of collections, exhibitions and display.”qualities of collections, exhibitions and display.”
– G. Browne Goode, G. Browne Goode, The Museums of the FutureThe Museums of the Future (Smithsonian (Smithsonian Institution: 1891)Institution: 1891)
“ ‘博物馆需要了解博物馆,并了解 藏品、展’览与展示特性的员工。 ”
—— G.布朗尼 . 高迪著《未来博物馆》 (史密森博物学院 1891
年出版 )
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• 1906: AAM founded1906: AAM founded• 1907: First museum studies course (University of 1907: First museum studies course (University of
Iowa)Iowa)• 1925: First museum code of ethics1925: First museum code of ethics
• 1906: 1906: 美国博物馆协会成立美国博物馆协会成立• 1907: 1907: 第一门博物馆学课程的开设(爱荷华大学)第一门博物馆学课程的开设(爱荷华大学)• 1925: 1925: 第一部博物馆工作的伦理规范第一部博物馆工作的伦理规范
Key contribution 1:Key contribution 1:Ethics and ProfessionalismEthics and Professionalism主要主要贡贡 献 献 1: 1: 伦伦理理与专业化与专业化
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In 1926, Paul Sachs founded the legendary In 1926, Paul Sachs founded the legendary museum course at Harvard Universitymuseum course at Harvard University
19261926年,保年,保罗罗 ..萨克斯在哈佛大学创立了颇有传奇色彩的萨克斯在哈佛大学创立了颇有传奇色彩的博物馆课程博物馆课程
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Fake or real?Fake or real?是真还是假是真还是假??
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In 1926, university psychologists conducted In 1926, university psychologists conducted museum visitor studiesmuseum visitor studies
19261926年,大学年,大学里的心理学家们开始对博物馆参观者进行研里的心理学家们开始对博物馆参观者进行研究究
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Key Contribution 2: Key Contribution 2: Education and CommunityEducation and Community主要主要贡贡 献 献 2: 2: 教育与社区教育与社区
1930s: Exhibitions that tell stories.1930s: Exhibitions that tell stories. 1940s: Museums go to the community: schools, 1940s: Museums go to the community: schools,
hospitals, army barracks hospitals, army barracks 1960s: Interactive exhibitions1960s: Interactive exhibitions
19301930年代:年代:有叙事性的展览有叙事性的展览 19401940年代:博物馆走进社区:学校、医院、军营年代:博物馆走进社区:学校、医院、军营 19601960年代:互动性展览年代:互动性展览
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Lion Habitat DioramaLion Habitat DioramaAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryAmerican Museum of Natural History
美国自然美国自然历历史博物史博物馆馆的狮的狮子栖息地子栖息地实实景箱景箱
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Mining equipmentMining equipment采采矿设备矿设备
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Coal MineCoal MineMuseum of Science and Industry , 1933Museum of Science and Industry , 1933科学与工业博物馆有关煤矿的展示科学与工业博物馆有关煤矿的展示,, 19331933
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Museum outreach vansMuseum outreach vans博物馆深入社区的宣传车博物馆深入社区的宣传车
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San FranciscoSan Francisco’s Exploratorium (1969):’s Exploratorium (1969):a laboratory for educational experimentationa laboratory for educational experimentation
旧金山的发现博物馆(旧金山的发现博物馆( 19691969 ):开展博物馆教育的实验室 ):开展博物馆教育的实验室
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EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship博物馆的创业与拓展博物馆的创业与拓展
1960s: Museum Store & Restaurant1960s: Museum Store & Restaurant 1970s: Private Events1970s: Private Events 2000s: Branded merchandise2000s: Branded merchandise
19601960年代:博物年代:博物馆馆商店与餐商店与餐厅厅 19701970年代:私人活年代:私人活动动 20002000之后:推出品牌商品之后:推出品牌商品
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Museum restaurant, Los AngelesMuseum restaurant, Los Angeles 洛杉洛杉矶矶的一家博的一家博物物馆馆餐餐厅厅
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Museum wedding, SeattleMuseum wedding, Seattle 在西雅图一家博物馆中举行的婚礼在西雅图一家博物馆中举行的婚礼
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Branded merchandise GuggenheimBranded merchandise Guggenheim古根海姆博物馆推出的品牌商品古根海姆博物馆推出的品牌商品
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What are key issues What are key issues today?today?
现今美国博物馆面临的主要课题何在?现今美国博物馆面临的主要课题何在?
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1. Ethics 1. Ethics 职业伦职业伦理理
Financial value of artFinancial value of art艺术品的商业价值艺术品的商业价值
Repatriation Repatriation 归还归还文物文物
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2. Education 2. Education 教育教育Role of new technologiesRole of new technologies新新兴兴技技术术的角色的角色
Serving visitors betterServing visitors better更好地服更好地服务务参参观观者者
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3. 3. EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship 创业与拓展创业与拓展Creative leadershipCreative leadership勇于创新的领导勇于创新的领导
Young professionalsYoung professionals年年轻轻的博物的博物馆馆工作者工作者
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Thank you.Thank you.
谢谢谢谢!!