u.s. assistance programs for export control development

U.S. Assistance Programsfor

Export Control Development

Department of State:•Export Control and Related Border Security Program (EXBS)•Biosecurity Engagement Program (BEP)•Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP)•Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)

Department of Energy:•International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)•Second Line of Defense (SLD) Megaports Program

U.S. Assistance Overview

The Export Control and Related Border Security (EXBS) Program

United States Department of State

Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation

Office of Export Control Cooperation

Created in the early 1990s to: Assist foreign governments in

bringing export control systems up to international standards;

Establish capabilities to detect, interdict, investigate, and prosecute illicit transfers of WMD, WMD-related materials, and conventional weapons;

Exchange information about export control and border security “best practices”;

Support national efforts to fulfill UNSCR 1540 requirements.

EXBS Training along the borders of Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

The EXBSEXBS ProgramExport Control and Related Border Security

The EXBS Program: Funded and managed by the U.S.

Department of State Has sponsored bilateral and

regional cooperative efforts worth nearly $400 million including: Over 1,472 technical

exchanges and workshops $216.5M of inspection and

interdiction equipment Regional Conferences and

Seminars Interdiction Equipment Donation to Customs Officials


EXBS IS ACTIVE IN OVER 60 COUNTRIES WITH 20 RESIDENT ADVISORS AROUND THE WORLD

EXBS is active in over 60 countries with 20 resident advisors around the world

The EXBS program is implemented by drawing on the expertise of international and non-governmental organizations, foreign governments, the private sector, and U.S. Government Agencies, including:

• U.S. Department of Commerce• U.S. Department of Defense• U.S. Department of Energy • U.S. Department of Homeland Security

• Customs and Border Protection (CBP)• Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)• U.S. Coast Guard (USCG)

• U.S. Department of Justice


EXBS works on establishing and strengthening“five pillars” of export control/border security:

Comprehensive Legal/Regulatory Frameworks Effective Licensing Procedures and Practices Enforcement Techniques and Equipment Government Outreach to Industry Interagency Coordination


EXBS supports workshops and exchanges that facilitate drafting, adoption, and implementation of strong, comprehensive export control laws and regulations, including:

• Basic Legal/RegulatoryWorkshop

• ImplementingRegulations Workshop

• Model Law Workshop• Legislative Outreach

Workshop


Countries that have recently instituted new export control laws or regulations, or have strengthened existing laws and regulations include:

Philippines Thailand Vietnam Mexico


EXBS gives licensing officers the capacity to make well-informed decisions about which licenses to approve, through activities including:

• National Control List Workshop• ASCOT (Analysis and Strategic Commodity Transfers)• Brokering Workshop• End/Use End/User Workshop (also relates to

enforcement pillar)


The following countries have adopted or are working to adopt national control lists:

Singapore UAE Philippines Mexico



Tracker Automated Export Control Licensing System:• Deployed to 19 countries• Tracker 7.0 to be released July 2009• www.trackernet.org

EXBS works with Enforcement Agencies to: Modernize border crossing points, and Address basic and advanced customs and border

enforcement techniques through: Commodity Identification Workshop and e-Commodity

Identification (e-CIT) Techniques Land, Sea, Air, and Rail Interdiction Techniques Targeting and Risk Management Workshop Investigatory Techniques



International Air Cargo Interdiction Techniques

Nonintrusive Inspection Equipment Techniques

EXBS has provided state-of- the-art imaging and advanced x-ray screening systems to countries to detect and interdict contraband:

• Backscatter vans• Vehicle and Cargo Inspection

Systems (VACIS)• Pass-through x-ray systems


EXBS provides advanced radiation detection and identification capabilities coupled with first-responders and incident response training:

• Installed or upgraded radiation portal monitors at key land crossings and sea ports in 8 countries

• Developed training courses with the VINCA Institute in Serbia on nuclear and chemical materials smuggling for customs and police officers in the region


Success Stories:• Several scrap metal shipments turned back at the borders by Serbian and

Macedonian Customs due to excessive radiation levels (2007 & 2008)• EXBS-provided Radiation Pagers alarmed, Customs officers stopped the shipments,

isolated them and called in the experts• Chemical shipment to Iran stopped by Macedonian Customs (June 2008)

• Manifest stated diesel fuel – viewed as suspicious• Customs inspection determined truck contained a toxic chemical • Customs isolated the vehicle, consulted with experts in Skopje and the U.S., then

returned the shipment


Success Stories:Kosovo Customs intercepted ammunition smuggling (July 2008)

• Stopped suspicious car at the border• Questioned driver and observed that inside back walls had been

modified• Search turned up 17,000+ rounds of ammo hidden within the back

walls


Success Stories:Inspection and detection equipment and training has led to numerous interdictions and improved overall contraband seizure rates significantly.

• Serbian Customs officers employed EXBS-donated inspection equipment and techniques to stop and search a cargo truck, resulting in the seizure of over 160 kg of heroin. This was the largest drug seizure in the history of Serbian Customs.

• Macedonian Customs confiscated 882 pounds of cocaine using EXBS-provided x-ray vans. Valued at over 50 million Euros, the seizure was the largest in Macedonian history.


Improving Control over Green Borders:• Provided equipment to develop mobile border teams

in Eastern Europe and the Balkans

• Deploying modular buildings along borders between crossing points in Central Asia.

• Deployed border monitoring sensors in numerous partner countries

• Delivered cargo scanning equipment, heavy-duty cranes, and forklifts to various Afghan border crossing points


Government Industry Outreach:

• Government Industry Relations Forum

• Internal Compliance Program (ICP)

• Survey of Industries/Producers of Strategic and Dual Use Goods


Export Control Resources Available Online Soon


• Tenth International Export Control Conference, June 2009, Turkey

• South Asia 1540 Workshop, June 2009, Sri Lanka • Tracker Best Practices Conference, May 2009, Poland• MANPADS Controls Seminar, April 2009, Morocco• UN Regional 1540 Workshop, March 2009, Qatar• OSCE Mediterranean Partners Seminar on MANPADS,

October 2008, Vienna• Ninth Annual International Export Control Conference,

October 2008, Croatia• OAS 1540 Workshop, May 2008, Argentina• International Transshipment Conference, May, 2008,

Morocco

Recent EXBS program-sponsored multilateral events:



Looking Towards the Future:• Promote sustainability, including through:

• Development of customs academy curriculums and• Train-the-trainer training

• International coordination on UNSCR 1540:• Work with other governments on third country outreach• Conduct/support UN-led regional 1540 workshops

• Encourage regional cooperation• Strengthen interagency coordination

Contact the EXBS Program:


ECC Office Website:http://www.state.gov/t/isn/ecc/index.htm

EXBS Program Website:http://www.exportcontrol.org

Biosecurity Engagement Program (BSP)• Why:

– Biological Threat Reduction

• Where:– Global

• What:– Awareness Raising– Pathogen Security– Safe, Secure, Sustainable S&T Development– Enhance Disease Diagnosis & Surveillance

• How:– Engage Scientists, Institutions, Policymakers– Best Practices in Lab Biosafety & Biosecurity– Technical & Grants Assistance to Partner

Countries– Bilateral and Multilateral Collaboration

FY09: $28 million worldwide

~ $6 million in ASEAN Region

BEP FY2007 - 2009

BEPEngagement

ONGOING:IndonesiaPhilippinesThailandCambodiaLaosVietnam

Why Southeast Asia?

• Transnational terrorist groups

• Requested assistance at high containment laboratories• Extensive pathogen collections• Laboratory infrastructure variable• Growing lab biosafety & biosecurity awareness/expertise• Legal/regulatory biosafety/biosecurity framework incomplete

• Human/animal health needs/infectious disease burden • HPAI, ND, Anthrax, FMD, Brucellosis, Rabies, Ebola-Reston, Nipah,

dengue, malaria, MDR-TB, melioidiosis , Japanese encephalitis, enteric diseases

Biosecurity Engagement Program (BSP)

Mission:The Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP) seeks to deter terrorists and proliferant states from accessing chemical expertise and materials that could be used in a chemical attack.

Program Goals:• Raise awareness about chemical threat, dual-use nature of chemicals.• Provide assistance to improve chemical security and safety best practices

• Foster national and regional dialogue on improving chemical safety and security

• Promote and strengthen scientific cooperation among chemical professionals

Strategy:

• Work with partner countries to assess priorities and coordinate with:

– National chemistry societies

– Regional chemistry societies (Federation of Asian Chemistry Societies)

– International organizations (Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons)

Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP)

Purpose:

• Strengthen cooperation/collaboration among partner nations in building and exercising collective capabilities and resources in the overall global architecture to combat nuclear terrorism

• Provide the opportunity for nations to share information and expertise in a non-legally binding environment

• Bring together experience and expertise from the nonproliferation, counter proliferation, and counterterrorism disciplines and from international, federal, state, and local governments and private sector

Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)

U.S. and Russia Co-Chair Responsibilities:• Set priorities for GICNT

• 2008-09: strengthen detection and forensics, deny safe haven and financing to terrorists, deter terrorist intentions to acquire and use nuclear devices

• Co-chair Plenary, Exercise Planning Group meetings • Coordinate Seminars, Workshops, Exercises via the Plan of Work • Assist in inviting partner nation SMEs to participate• Outreach to current 75 partners and prospective partners.

Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)

International Nonproliferation Export Control Program (INECP)

Department of Energy / National Nuclear Security Administration(DOE / NNSA)


• Threat– Networks of procurement agents, brokers, and companies

systematically maneuver around and through national export control efforts to obtain commodities and technology needed for WMD development and production facilities

• INECP Mission– Strengthen global efforts to prevent proliferation of WMD-

related materials, equipment, and technology

INECP’s approach is based on identifying, training, and developing a cadre of technical/nonproliferation specialists in each partner country that can sustain that country’s export control system over the long term

• Strengthen global efforts to prevent

proliferation of WMD-related materials, equipment, and

technology

• Proliferation Risk Analysis in the Licensing Process – Ensure the license review process competently

assesses proliferation risks associated with end-uses and end-users, and ensure technical specialists are being utilized

• Government Outreach and Enterprise Compliance – Assist governments to establish outreach programs

and promote enterprise compliance at key enterprises and technology holders

• WMD-related Commodity Identification Training and reach-back for Customs– Ensure enforcement personnel are sensitized to

WMD-related materials and equipment, and have access to technical/analytical resources and support

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Three Pillars of INECP activityMajor Activity Who Why What

LICENSING

Licensing Officers and Analysts

Need to conduct competent proliferation risk analysis in the licensing process

End Use and End User Analysis Training (EUEU)

COMPLIANCE

Managers of public sector & legacy WMD enterprises, labs, manufacturers, etc.

These major technology holders are targets of opportunity for proliferants

Enterprise Outreach

ENFORCEMENT

Customs Officers and other enforcement personnel

Widespread ignorance regarding strategic commodities

Commodity Identification Training (CIT)


Spotlight on Enterprise Outreach

• Our unique value added– Implementing compliance programs at US National Labs– Intangible technology control– Technical understanding of the control lists, commodities,

WMD programs, acquisition networks

• Our niche– Public sector, tertiary enterprises and legacy WMD sectors

(nuclear, missile, chemical, biological)


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Spotlight on Commodity Identification Training (CIT)

• CIT gives inspectors “a trained eye” by familiarizing them with the materials, components, and equipment sought by WMD procurement programs

• CIT simplifies export control lists by grouping items into technology “bundles” and by aiding recognition through a focus on physical appearance, using pictures and demonstration kits:

• Equipment– Fabricated Parts and Components– Electronics (Components and Equipment)– Industrial Equipment– Systems and Subsystems

• Materials– Structural Materials (metals and non-metals)– Special Materials (Nuclear, Chemical, Biological)

• Indigenization strategy– INECP follows a disciplined indigenization approach based on

our technical partnerships to establish ongoing training programs and reachback capabilities

CIT deployment is underway in 25 countries


U.S. Department of Energy Second Line of Defense (SLD)

Megaports Initiative

Misson: To provide equipment, training, and technical support to international partners to enhance their ability to deter, detect, and interdict illicit trafficking of special nuclear and other radioactive materials in the global maritime system.

Strategy: Engage high priority ports using a prioritization model that factors in threat (25%) and volume (75%)

• Scan containers at high volume ports• Scan containers at high risk ports• Scan US-bound containers in conjunction with imaging operations to

support DHS’ Container Security Initiative (CSI) and Secure Freight Initiative (SFI)

Goal: Screen as many containers as possible (including imports, exports, and transshipments) regardless of destination and with minimal impact to port operations

Megaports Initiative (SLD)

Project Scope Equipment operated by host country personnel Typical Activities funded by DOE/NNSA:

• Radiation detection equipment and its installation Cost share for additional ports

• Associated cameras, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), License Plate Recognition (LPR) technology, and its installation, as appropriate

• Computer equipment and associated communications systems for Central Alarm Systems

• Installation of equipment at Regional or National training centers

• Training in the use and maintenance of equipment• Technical support assistance • Maintenance and sustainability contracts

Vehicle monitor with OCR

Hand-held detection and identification equipment


Project Scope Cost-Sharing approach pursued, where feasible

• Host nation/private industry pays for design, construction, and installation, and in some cases, maintenance

• Megaports provides equipment (including radiation detection equipment and communications hardware), software development, training, and in some cases, limited maintenance

Provide hands-on training and materials designed to address site-specific requirements• Develop training curriculum, operating

procedures, and reference guides in host-country format/language

• Establish indigenous training program tailored to existing capability

• Promote a “Train-the-Trainer” approach

Central Alarm Station (CAS)

Materials Detected at Megaports installations to date include contaminated

scrap and sealed radioactive sources


Progress to Date

Qatar (Training Center) Japan (Yokohama)

Goal: Over 100 Megaports, scanning over 70% of global shipping traffic by 2015 and approximately 83% of U.S. bound imports shipped through these ports.

Kenya (Mombasa)Lebanon (Beirut)Malaysia (Klang & TJP)Mexico ( Manzanillo, Altamira)Panama (Colon & Cristobal) Portugal (Lisbon)Spain (Valencia & Barcelona)Taiwan (Kaohsiung & Keelung)

Bangladesh (Chittagong)China (Shanghai)*China (Hong Kong) – SFIDjibouti (Djibouti)Dubai, UAE (Jebel Ali)Egypt (Alexandria)Israel (Ashdod)Jordan (Aqaba)

Bahamas (Freeport)Belgium (Antwerp)Belgium (Zeebrugge)Colombia (Cartagena)Dominican Republic (Caucedo)Greece (Piraeus)*Honduras (Cortes) – SFI PilotIsrael (Haifa) – PilotJamaica (KingstonMexico (Lazaro Cardenas, Veracruz)

Netherlands (Rotterdam)*Oman (Salalah) – SFI Pilot*Pakistan (Qasim) – SFI PilotPanama (Balboa and MIT)Philippines (Manila)Spain (Algeciras)Singapore (Singapore) – Pilot*South Korea (Pusan) – SFI PilotSri Lanka (Colombo)Thailand (Laem Chabang)*U.K. (Southampton) – SFI Pilot

*SFI Port

Over 25 other major international seaports in several locations are under negotiation

Implementation Phase(21)

Special Projects & Collaboration (2)

Operational Megaports

(23)


Summary The Megaports Initiative enhances the ability to detect, interdict

and deter illicit trafficking of special nuclear and other radioactive materials by providing equipment, training, and technical support to international partners

Radiation portal monitors, handheld identification equipment, a communication network and software allow partners to unobtrusively inspect cargo, as it transits through the port, for the presence and type of radiation

At the host country port, the Megaports Initiative implementation demonstrates that the system can be used effectively without a detrimental impact on commercial operations


Thank You

Yvette WongDirector, Office of Export Control Cooperation

U.S. Department of [email protected]

u.s. assistance programs for export control development

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