u.s. civil rights movement in global context

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In what ways was the African American freedom struggle, better known as the civil rights movement, part of a global movement for human rights in the 20th century? Essential Question

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Page 1: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

In what ways was the African American freedom struggle, better known as the civil rights movement, part of a global movement for human rights in the 20th century?

Essential Question

Page 2: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

The Civil Rights Movementin Global Context

Page 3: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

• What is the difference between civil rights

and human rights?

Rights

Page 4: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

• Civil Disobedience pioneer• 1921 – led nationwide campaigns for:• easing poverty• expanding women’s rights• building religious and ethnic amity • ending untouchability• increasing economic

self-reliance• achieving the independence of India from foreign domination.

Mahatma Gandhi

Page 5: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

Mahatma Gandhi

“What difference does it make to the dead, the orphans, and the homeless, whether the mad destruction is wrought under the name of totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty and democracy?”

Gandhi, 1921

Page 6: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

FDR & the Four Freedoms“In the future days, which we seek to

make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world.

“The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way--everywhere in the world.

“The third is freedom from want--which, translated into universal terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants-everywhere in the world.

“The fourth is freedom from fear--which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor--anywhere in the world...”

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1941 (emphasis added).

Page 7: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

Eleanor Roosevelt1945 - President Truman appointed her as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly. 1948 - Played an instrumental role in drafting the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1949 - Served as the first chairperson of the UN Human Rights Commission.

Page 8: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

• Anti-apartheid activist• Leader of the African

National Congress’(ANC) armed

faction• Tried and convicted of

sabotage• Accused of being a

communist and a terrorist• Sentenced to life in

prison • Served 27 years in prison

(1964-1990)

Nelson Mandela

Page 9: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

• First President of South Africa to be elected in a fully representative democratic election, serving in the office from 1994–1999

Nelson Mandela

Page 10: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

“It was during those long and lonely years that my hunger for the freedom of my own people became a hunger for the freedom of all people, white and black. I knew as well as I knew anything that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness.”

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela, 1993

Page 11: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

Rosa Parks

“I did not want to be mistreated, I did not want to be deprived of a seat that I had paid for. It was just time... there was opportunity for me to take a stand to express the way I felt about being treated in that manner. I had not planned to get arrested. I had plenty to do without having to end up in jail. But when I had to face that decision, I didn’t hesitate to do so because I felt that we had endured that too long. The more we gave in, the more we complied with that kind of treatment, the more oppressive it became.”

Parks, 2005

Page 12: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

“He who passively accepts evil is as much involved in it as he who helps to perpetrate it. He who accepts evil without protesting against it is really cooperating with it.”

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

“A right delayed is a right denied.”

King, 1963

King, 1962

Page 13: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

“How is a black man going to get ‘civil rights’ before he first wins his human rights? If the American black man will start thinking about his human rights, and then start thinking of himself as part of one of the world’s greatest people, he will see he has a case for the United Nations.”Malcolm X, 1964

Malcolm X

Page 14: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

Malcolm X in an interview while attending the Organization of African Unity in Cairo, Egypt. July 1964.

Malcolm X

Page 15: U.S. Civil Rights Movement in Global Context

• The term “civil rights” fails to encompass the cultural, social, and economic goals of the struggle.• Desegregation and voting rights were a means to achieve broader goals, such as overcoming social forces that limited freedom and opportunity.

African American Freedom Struggle