US Department of AgricultureReport to the Invasive Species Advisory CouncilApril 24, 2006By Hilda Diaz-SolteroUSDA Senior Invasive Species Coordinator

A. USDA Progress on ISAC recommendations from the October 2003 meeting

1. ISAC recommendation: Increase efforts in education and public awareness- Provided updated USDA’s exhibit on invasive species to

the 2006 National Invasive Weeds Awareness Week (NIWAW) activities.

- USDA NRCS and FS staff served as Chair and Co-chair for the planning and implementation of a successful Invasive Species Children’s Fun Day at the US Botanic Garden as the kick-off event for the 7th National Invasive Weeds Awareness Week.

- USDA agencies provided content for Species of the Month.

- Forest Service is planning a 2006 national conference on invasive species for employees and partners.

- Funded NISC’s Director of Public Affairs, Anna (Cherry) Rinick, for 2 years out of USDA Invasive Species Coordination Program’s budget ($240K). Accomplishments:

i. Developed, discussed, and promoted general NISC brand and image.

ii. Coordinated the creation of NISC templates and standards—samples, Microsoft word templates, visual style guide.

iii. Drafted NISC website agreement that established independent web presence for NISC.

iv. Created NISC stakeholder announcements format, established clearance policies with NISC members (particularly co-chair policy liaison press offices) and distribution for NISC to send out informational items.

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v. Created General NISC fact sheets—NISC, NISC structure, ISAC, Success Stories.

vi. Served as Federal Co-Chair of ISAC Communications, Education and Outreach (CEO) Committee.

vii. Served on NIWAW 2005 and 2006 publicity committee.

viii. Served as proposal reviewer for Outreach Grant side of NOAA Sea Grant program.

ix. Served on Team Tamarisk meeting committee. Provided follow-up support to Team Tamarisk.

x. Provided support to Marina Operators Association for Snakehead Round-up events.

xi. Created and staffed exhibit for BIO ERA conference on NISC.

xii. Developed two freestanding exhibit banners for NISC.

xiii. Coordinated requests from multiple national, regional and local news outlets by providing background information or arranging for interviews (McNeil Hour, CNN, and National Geographic).

xiv. Created public affairs list serve for NISC member agencies public affairs contacts and met with NISC co-chair department’s public affairs staffs.

xv. Created email lists for stakeholder announcements of interested news and information outlets and individuals.

xvi. Attended FACA training and provided FACA expertise to NISC staff.

xvii. Served as alternate Delegated Federal Official during ISAC meetings.

xviii. Assisted with “Strange Days” premiere work and impact campaign. Provided information to Strange Days personnel and briefed NISC member agencies

xix. Represented NISC at Plant Conservation Alliance meeting and conference (Chicago, 2005).

xx. Facilitated work of the ISAC definitions subcommittee. Drafted and cleared with policy liaisons a plan for use of definitions white paper.

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xxi. Chaired policy liaison meetings in absence of NISC Executive Director.

xxii. Met with Maryland Invasive Species Council and offered guidance on drafting a management plan.

xxiii. Assisted with Congressional briefing on relationship between invasive and endangered species.

xxiv. Assisted on USDA Day at NIWAW two years.xxv. Coordinated publication of USDA Grants Book. xxvi. Served on committee to revise ANSTF website. xxvii. Attended Western Weed Communicators

Conference (2005). xxviii. Attended roll-out session for “Strange Days Impact

Campaign” at Sonora Desert Museum. xxix. Coordinated briefing for writer Alan Burdick with

NISC members and provided him background information on the Federal government and Invasive Species.

xxx. Made presentation about NISC at the 2005 National Plant Board Meeting.

xxxi. Assisted in development of Road Map to Revise NISC plan. Served on Steering Committee for revision on NISC plan. Provided assistance to subcommittees on revision of NISC plan. Gathered feedback form agencies for revision of the section on communications.

xxxii. Drafted NISC Award Program proposal. xxxiii. Drafted and cleared NISC media and outreach and

website clearance guidelines. xxxiv. Drafted proposal in response to APHIS request for

NISC assistance on Forest Pest issues. Coordinated Forest Health project.

xxxv. Provided overall editorial and writing support to NISC. Provided input to documents, letters, and reports. Drafted talking points for staff, policy liaisons, and principals.

xxxvi. Drafted and coordinated interagency agreement with USDA’s Visual Information Center to have access to their Design Services.

xxxvii. Represented NISC at FICMNEW meetings.

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xxxviii. Provided assistance to USDA Senior Invasive Species Coordinator.

xxxix. Assisted AAAS in Science Journalism Awards Program (radio) in 2004.

xl. Created and implemented SPECIES OF THE MONTH PROGRAM to comply with ISAC’s request. Arranged for student artist for first year.

xli. Provided training on invasive species message and outreach opportunities to 200 people from across the U.S., from the private and public sectors, during NIWAW and to ISAC members.

xlii. Provided consultation on communication, education, and outreach issues to NISC members and ISAC members.

xliii. Reviewed USDA’s Invasive Species permanent exhibit.

2. ISAC recommendation: Increase efforts in economic analysis to make the case for investments in invasive species efforts.

- The Economic Research Service (ERS) is continuing the “Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management” (PREISM) initiated in FY 2003. PREISM supports economic research and the development of decision support tools that have direct implications for USDA policies and programs for protection from, control/management of, regulation concerning, or trade policy relating to invasive species. Program priorities are selected through extensive consultation with APHIS, OBPA and other agencies with responsibility for program management.

For example, ERS developed a pest-ranking decision tool for APHIS to determine which pests would be on its 2004 and 2005 Federal-State Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) list, making transparent the basis for selecting the pests for which State cooperators could receive targeted pest surveillance and detections funds. Also, the recent and rapid spread of soybean rust in

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South America prompted ERS, in April 2004, to publish a study of the economic and policy impacts of its windborne entry into the United States. USDA used the ERS analysis in refining rapid response strategies when APHIS confirmed the presence of soybean rust on November 10, 2004 in Louisiana. ERS has extended this work to examine the value to producers of USDA’s coordinated framework to detect and report the presence of Asian soybean rust in different producing areas.

In addition to ERS-led analyses of invasive species issues, PREISM has allocated over $3.8 million in extramural research cooperative agreements through a peer-reviewed competitive process in FY 2003-05. About $1.1 million were allocated for extramural agreements in FY 2005.

PREISM-funded researchers are addressing important issues. For example, a Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University research team collaborated with APHIS staff to analyze a rule to allow importation of avocados from Mexico, using a framework developed under a PREISM-funded agreement. The framework and economic analysis were published in the Federal Register with the APHIS rule. PREISM-funded researchers, as part of their projects, are collaborating with agencies to address invasive species issues and decisions, such as the coordination of prevention and control strategies for Brown Tree Snakes and Miconia calvescens in Hawaii, management of cheatgrass, management of diseases transmitted between livestock and wildlife, insect resistance management in strawberry production, responses to outbreaks of foreign animal diseases, and prioritizing invasive plant management by public agencies.

ERS organizes workshops each year to provide a forum for dialogue on economic issues associated with agricultural invasive species.

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B. USDA progress on ISAC recommendations from the March 2004 meeting

3. ISAC recommendation: What are NISC agencies doing to avoid harm?- USDA’s has seven agencies included in its invasive

species portfolio: Forest Service (FS), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), Economic Research Service (ERS) and the Farm Service Agency (FSA).

- Securing input from the USDA agencies, the USDA Senior Invasive Species Coordinator created the USDA DO NO HARM REPORT, a report to ISAC and NISC, by fiscal year, including 3 categories of activities:

a) Invasive Species Program activities that USDA agencies are carrying out to do no harm.b) The way in which, when they do carry out other agency programs activities, they are also designed to do no harm.c) A list of activities that ARE doing harm, and the future actions the agency will take to change the activities so that they do no harm.

Within the above categories, agencies include their own activities as well as activities that are coordinated with other Federal agencies, per the mandate under the Invasive Species Executive Order.

- At the ISAC October 2004 meeting I presented the FY 2004 Do No Harm report for NRCS, APHIS, ARS, CSREES and ERS; at the February 2005 meeting I presented the FY 2004 Do No Harm Report for the Forest Service. These were the first time the agencies prepared such a report. On October 2005 I presented the FY 2005 USDA Do No Harm Report for NRCS, APHIS, CSREES, ERS and FS.

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- Today, I present you the FY 2005 ARS Do No Harm Report (See Enclosure).

4. ISAC recommendation: NISC should request all Federal agencies to identify existing grant programs, cooperative agreements and other mechanisms that are potential sources of funds for invasive species projects.

- USDA compiled a comprehensive document with grant opportunities for work on research, technical assistance or management of invasives. The document, initially published on February 2005 is also available through www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov. In 2006 we updated the document to include two grant programs from NRCS. Printed copies of the 2006 USDA Grants updated document are provided to ISAC members today (See Enclosure).

5. ISAC recommendation: Encourage NISC policy liaisons to attend the ISAC meetings and present invasive species strategic plans for their respective agencies.

- The Forest Service made a presentation to ISAC on the new “Forest Service Strategic Plan on Invasive Species” on October 2004. You received hard copies of the Plan.

- On February 2005 you heard a presentation about APHIS, the first USDA agency to have a strategic plan on invasive species, and its 2004 updated agency-wide plan. The current APHIS strategic plan can be found at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/about/strategic_plan.html

- The ARS and NRCS are preparing their agencies invasive species strategic plan. We will make presentations to ISAC when they are finalized.

C. USDA Progress on ISAC recommendations from the February 2005 meeting

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6. ISAC recommendation: What is the status on the implementation of the Noxious Weeds Act?

- The Noxious Weed Control and Eradication Act was enacted October 10, 2004. It creates a USDA five-year program.

- Grants can be provided to weed management entities for control or eradication of noxious weeds, receive up to 50 % of Federal funds, and be matched by money or in-kind contributions. The authorization for appropriation is for $7.5 Million per year in Grants, for 5 years.

- Agreements can be established with weed management entities to provide financial and technical assistance for control or eradication of noxious weeds. Agreements can be up to a 100 % federally funded. The authorization for appropriation is for $7.5 Million per year in Agreements, for 5 years.

- The term “noxious weed” is defined in this law as it is defined in the Plant Protection Act.

- It requires State, Tribal, regional and local involvement.

- Some of the activities that can be funded are education, inventory and mapping, management, monitoring, methods development (research), and capacity building, including payment of personnel and equipment.

- The legislation provides only authorization for appropriation of funds. To date there have been no funds appropriated for USDA to implement it.

- USDA Secretary delegated to APHIS-PPQ the implementation for this legislation.

- The FY 2007 President’s budget did not include a request for funds to implement this legislation.

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7. ISAC recommendation: Prohibition on hand carrying biocontrol agents by scientists: concerns of other agencies and stakeholders.

A 2003 USDA OIG Audit Report on APHIS permitting recommended that APHIS stop allowing the hand carrying of permitted materials into the United States due to biosecurity concerns. Initially, APHIS PPQ began “prohibiting” this practice for all organisms (plant pests, noxious weeds, bees, biological control agents, etc.) entering the U.S. under a PPQ permit.

Stakeholders from the biological control and the greater research communities had concerns regarding the impact of the regulations on efforts to implement biological control and on research on exotic organisms.

The biocontrol community was concerned about the following issues: 1. the prohibition on hand-carrying to inland quarantine facilities; 2. the bonded carrier requirements to transport natural enemies

from APHIS inspection stations to inland quarantine facilities; 3. the additional requirement of APHIS inspections of natural

enemies; and 4. the NAPPO compliance for arthropod natural enemies.

The research community was concerned that current regulations were negatively affecting the viability of transported organisms and impeding the scientific exchange of research material where exotic organisms need to be hand-carried to quarantine for pre-introduction studies, or for natural enemy processing (e.g., elimination of parasites and diseases) prior to field release.

The initial prohibition was modified (Sept. 2005) so that hand carrying is allowed, but with certain restrictions:

Any permit holder may hand carry securely packaged organisms to any port of entry to the U.S. when justified and specifically authorized in the conditions of a permit, but must surrender the package to Customs and Border Protection inspectors at the port. The package will then be forwarded to a USDA APHIS PPQ Inspection Station for examination of

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contents and clearance. The package will then be forwarded by any commercial carrier chosen by the permit holder to the permit holder’s address at his/her expense.

A permit holder who possesses a Federal security clearance (confidential or higher) may hand-carry packaged organisms directly to the address listed on the permit when it is authorized on the permit. Prior confirmation by APHIS PPQ of the permit holder’s clearance is required, and PPQ must notify Customs and Border Protection at the port of entry on how to meet and clear the permit holder for each entry into the United States. A PPQ officer may also visit the receiving facility after arrival of a package to confirm its arrival and contents.

Although these procedures are more restrictive than prior to September 11, 2001, some permit holders have successfully hand carried organisms to the country by one of these processes during the past years. The most reliable, and the most common way of importing live organisms into the United States has always been, and continues to be by bonded, professional carriers; hundreds of commercial shipments of living biological control organisms and other types of living organisms enter the country every week by bonded carrier. Compared with procedures prior to 2001, these new procedures for hand-carrying more effectively prevent the entry and dissemination of invasive species and plant pests in the United States, including those that may be actually or potentially, intentionally or unintentionally present in packages of biological control organisms.

The USDA Senior Invasive Species Coordinator, ARS and CSREES have worked and will continue to work with APHIS to help improve the regulatory process so that both agricultural security and integrated pest management objectives can be maintained.

Please see ISAC recommendation 10 for further developments and the resolution of this issue.

8. ISAC recommendation: Update on the Gambian pouched rat control effort.

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In the late 1990s, eight Gambian rats escaped from the pen of an exotic pet breeder on Florida’s Grassy Key and a viable population is now established in that area. The rodents, which can weigh as much as 6 pounds, have been linked to several diseases that can infect humans, including monkeypox.

In March 2005, APHIS Wildlife Service’s Florida Program conducted a pilot project to determine the prevalence of the Gambian giant rat population in the Florida Keys and the feasibility of eradicating the invasive species.

Twenty-nine of the giant rodents were trapped alive and humanely euthanized during this pilot project. A preliminary survey to determine the distribution of Gambian rats in the Florida Keys was conducted. Program specialists were able to attract Gambian rats to particular areas using bait stations with mineral oil and peanut butter. They documented the rodents’ presence using motion sensitive digital cameras. Initial data suggests that Gambian giant rats are currently restricted to Grassy and Crawl Keys; no Gambian giant rats were found at the monitoring stations on Long Key. However, additional surveys are planned in May-October 2006.

The pilot program tested bait preference and toxicant efficacy, and designed toxicant bait stations. Nineteen Gambian giant rats were captured on Grassy Key for this part of the study. APHIS is working to secure an emergency exemption from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services for use of 2 of the 5 bait/toxicants tested.

Based on the successful results of the bait/toxicant trials, the agency is confident that an eradication program is still possible. A scientist participated in the zinc phosphide toxicant and baits trials (with 100% efficacy) and is confident that successful eradication is possible. A pilot eradication is planned for Crawl Key in late spring 2006. The eradication program of Gambian giant rats on Grassy Key is planned to start in late summer to early fall 2006. NEPA compliance will be met prior to beginning eradication.

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In mid September, APHIS provided the findings of Phase II of this project to officials with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Florida State Parks, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They will be evaluating the next steps.

9. ISAC recommendation: How to streamline the APHIS permit process to move organisms?

APHIS has developed e-Permits, a comprehensive Web-based permitting database, to improve the efficiency of all of APHIS permitting processes. This database will move the agency from a paper-based permitting system to an up-to-date, largely paperless, and much more effective, user-friendly and transparent system. Applicants will apply for permits online, track the progress of their applications during the review process, and retrieve all permits that have been issued to them. The e-Permits database will make all APHIS permits issued for the movement of agricultural products and organisms electronically available to agricultural inspectors at U.S. ports of entry. This will improve agricultural screening activities and more effectively prevent entry of invasive species and plant pests.

APHIS hopes to launch the first release of e-Permits by January 2006. It will be geared to APHIS applicants who will be able to apply for permits online. The system will be distributed to field personnel and ports-of-entry during the second release, anticipated for the summer of 2006.

The full implementation of e-Permits and recent increases in scientific positions in the PPQ Pest Permit Evaluations program will streamline and accelerate the PPQ organism permitting process. Times for permit issuance have already been reduced without sacrificing risk assessments and the Agency’s oversight responsibilities.

D. USDA Progress on ISAC recommendations from the October 2005 meeting

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10. ISAC recommendation: That ISAC Member Bill Dickerson interact with the USDA Senior Invasive Species Coordinator and other appropriate entities, including the Department of Homeland Security, to resolve issues concerning the importation of organisms, including biological control agents for research, evaluation and possible release, given that APHIS-PPQ is currently reviewing its procedures for such actions.

Please read ISAC Recommendation # 7 above for background information on this issue.

On December 15, 2005, APHIS-PPQ rescinded the prohibition on hand-carrying biological organisms and other germplasm, the bonded carrier requirement, and the requirement for inspection at the APHIS-PPQ inspection facility in Beltsville, MD (See Enclosure: Note from Dr. Delfosse and Dr. Nowierski).

In early FY 2006, the APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) concluded an evaluation of the Agency’s organism permitting function. The review was designed to identify and implement improvements to this crucial PPQ activity, including processes to streamline and improve policies and protocols that will ensure safety of imported biological organisms, including biological control agents, while maintaining the organisms’ viability when shipped to inland quarantine facilities for research or pest management purposes. The review recommended (1) reestablishing the policy allowing permit holders the option to hand-carry organisms into approved facilities, (2) establishment of a Permitting Board of Advisors, (3) improving customer service, and (4) regulatory reform.

Based in part on feedback received from ISAC and its members, as of March 1, 2006 PPQ reestablished the policy allowing permit holders the option to hand-carry organisms, including biological control agents, into approved facilities and to do so without the need to use commercial carriers or to divert shipments to the PPQ Plant Inspection Station in Beltsville, Maryland. Procedures to implement the reestablished policy are being developed by PPQ’s permitting unit. They can be reached at 1-877-770-5990, by e-mail at Pest.Permit@aphis.usda.gov or by visiting their web site at

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http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/permits. Please see Enclosure: Letter dated Feb 9, 2006 by Dr. Richard Dunkle summarizing the results of the Management Review.

Current permit holders must request an amended permit from APHIS-PPQ if they wish to hand-carry biological control agents (or other organisms) from their place of origin to any port of entry into the U.S., and then hand-carry the organisms to any APHIS-approved quarantine facility within the U.S. APHIS-PPQ will amend existing permits that specify "No hand carry," after proper arrangements are made with U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Customs and Border Protection (CPB) port staff (to verify the hand-carrier is listed on the permit) and with the responsible person at the approved quarantine facility indicated on the permit (quarantine officer, biosafety officer, etc.), to verify proper delivery and content. For this process to work smoothly, the traveler will need a permit from APHIS-PPQ that specifically authorizes hand-carry. The APHIS-PPQ permit unit will work with other Federal agencies such as DHS’ CPB to ensure smooth movement through the port of entry.

Through its Permitting Board of Advisors, PPQ will work closely with the USDA Senior Invasive Species Coordinator and ISAC, and will seek their counsel and support for the Agency’s continued improvements to its permitting policies and procedures.

11. ISAC recommendation: That USDA-CSREES Cooperative Extension creates a national extension service educational program on invasive species.

CSREES recognizes the need for a strong educational program on invasive species. CSREES is facilitating the development of an IPM3

Training Consortium (Consortium) in collaboration with the Land Grant University System and a number of Federal partners. A three-tiered training structure is envisioned for this training program. It will include a core IPM module; pest biology modules such as entomology, weed science, plant pathology, and vertebrate pest management; and specialty modules such as structural pest management, management of weeds in natural areas, rangeland weed management, public health, landscape and turf, and invasive

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species. If the Consortium is able to offer the invasive species module through the CSREES e-extension system (the electronic extension service) then this would be the equivalent of having a national extension service educational program on invasive species.

12. ISAC recommendation: That the NISC policy liaisons provide guidance to the ISAC Leadership and Coordination Subcommittee regarding issues the subcommittee should address.

No action on this recommendation to date.

13. ISAC recommendation: That appropriate resources (i.e. dedicated funding, staff resources, in-kind support) be provided for the development of the two major federal invasive species websites, invasivespecies.gov and invasivespeciesinfo.gov.

NISC response for invasivespecies.gov

Lori Williams, NISC Executive Director, will provide this information to ISAC.

NAL Response for Invasivespeciesinfo.govThe National Agricultural Library (NAL) supports the development and maintenance of the www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov Web site. It serves as the reference gateway for invasive species information, called for in Executive Order 13112 and the National Management Plan. Financial support for the web site program is provided by ARS. Base funding for the program ($175,000) began in FY 2002. Funds support salaries for a dedicated full-time Web manager and a part-time temporary librarian. Remaining funds were used in contracts and cooperative agreements to evaluate, develop, and expand the content of the Web site. Base funds were subject to rescissions, so that funds for FY 2006 are $169,173.

Since launching the web site in 2002, NAL has contributed more than $500,000 of staff and in-kind services to support the effort above the appropriated base funding. In recent years this contribution is

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approximately $70,000 a year. NAL faces significant challenges to maintain core services. Since 1996 NAL has abolished 47 positions (22% of its workforce), closed numerous programs, and has a diminished budget to purchase library materials. NAL’s in-kind contributions made to date represent a big commitment to the invasive species program. The level at which this commitment can continue depends upon NAL’s FY 2007 appropriation. Between FY 2000 and 2004 the Invasivespecies.gov Web site program received additional support from ARS, the USDA Invasive Species Coordinator, NISC, and the US Geological Service, National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) amounting to approximately $250,000. The funds were used to support staff salaries in the early years, Web design, server procurement, and later to support the efforts of the Bugwood Network for photographic images used on the site. In FY 2006 ARS also provided design assistance for a display banner for the Invasivespeciesinfo.gov program. Individual specialists, ISAC members, NISC staff and USDA Invasive Species Coordinators have provided assistance to respond to information requests from customers and participated in strategic planning stakeholder workshops. The Web site initiative was a high level priority for increased support in the FY 06 budget proposal sent to Congress. However, it was not funded.

Customer requests for information increased by 12 fold in the February 2006, straining staff resources and increasing the need for a technical solution to streamline maintenance of the Web site. NAL will continue its commitment to the program to the extent its fiscal resources allow. NAL welcomes contributions from all sources: information, funds, and other in-kind contributions.

14. ISAC statement on EDRR Emergency Fund: ISAC submits to NISC the memorandum entitled Framework and funding for Early Detection and Rapid Response of New Invasive

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Species Entering the U.S., dated October 13, 2005 and a follow up to the ISAC memorandum dated October 15, 2004.

This issue is being discussed within USDA. As soon as a decision is reached, we will inform ISAC.

15. ISAC recommendation: That the Federal committees (ANSTF, ITAP and FICMNEW) provide ISAC with a list of priority research needs.

Priority Research Needs from the ITAP Subcommittee on Systematics: 1. Develop the research capacity to predict, detect and accurately identify invasive species, both those already in the U.S. and those that threaten our nation. 2. Build and maintain reference and living collections that serve as a foundation for identification and baselines to document invasive species distribution through time and space. 3. Develop integrated informatics about invasive species based on systematic knowledge and data from specimen collections that allows users to have access to descriptions, illustrations, and synoptic data for host range, geographic distribution and phylogenetic context.

Priority Research Needs from the ITAP Subcommittee on Plant Pathogens:

1. Use the current knowledge base to predict potential invasive plant pathogens in order to take action to prevent their entry into the U.S.

2. Conduct research to develop rapid, accurate means of identification of potentially invasive plant pathogens based on sound systematic knowledge.

3. Expand and strengthen the existing National Plant Diagnostics Network of first responders who can detect and identify invasive plant

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pathogens quickly to possibly eradicate or mitigate damage caused by the pathogen.

There may be other research priorities for ITAP that will be reported in the future.

I respectfully submit this report to ISAC. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you.

Ms. Hilda Diaz-SolteroSenior Invasive Species CoordinatorU.S. Department of AgricultureWork - (202) 354-1880Fax - (202) 371-1751Cell - (510) 301-1164Email address - hdiazsoltero@fs.fed.usOffice: Natl. Invasive Species Council 1201 Eye St., NW, Washington, DCMail: 1849 C St. NW (OS/SIO/NISC) Washington, DC 20240

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