us government
DESCRIPTION
US GOVERNMENT. TEST #1. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?. The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. THREE KINDS OF POWER. Legislative – makes law or frames public policies Executive – executes, enforces and administers laws - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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TEST #1
US GOVERNMENT
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WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?
The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.
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THREE KINDS OF POWER
Legislative – makes law or frames public policies
Executive – executes, enforces and administers laws
Judicial – interprets laws and settles disputes
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CONSTITUTION
Plan of government, body of fundamental laws setting out principles, structures and processes of government.
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DICTATORSHIP – POWER BY ONE OR SMALL GROUP
DEMOCRACY – POWER RESTS WITH THE PEOPLE
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ORIGINS OF DEMOCRACY
GREECE – Athenian direct democracy
ROME – Republic with indirect or representative democracy
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THE STATE
A body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically and with power to make and enforce law with the consent of any higher authority
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ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS
Thomas Hobbes – LeviathanJean Jacques Rousseau – The Social ContractJohn Locke – Two Treatises of GovernmentCharles-Louis de Montesquieu – The Spirit of
LawsFrancois-Marie Voltaire - Encyclopedie
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HOBBES
Government exists to prevent chaos“State of Nature” – Hurricane Katrina
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Rousseau
Man is basically good, society corrupts himEducation
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LOCKE
Natural Rights – Life, Liberty and PropertyRight to govern comes from the consent of
the peopleThe right to rebel against an unjust
government
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MONTESQUIEU
Three branches of governmentSeparation of powers“checks and balances”
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VOLTAIRE
Religious toleranceFaith leads to fanaticism & savageryDeist
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Religious Conflicts that probably influenced Voltaire
Crusades – Christians v. Muslims over Holy Land
Inquisition – Church court punished hereticsThirty Years’ War – Protestants v. Catholics
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Attacks on Abortion Clinics & Doctors
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Iran – Stoning girls to death for “adultery”
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Hamas in Palestine
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Voltaire supported idea of “Enlightened Despots”
Distrusts democracy – the masses are stupidFrederick the Great – said he was 1st servant
of the state instead of saying “I am the state”
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PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENTPREAMBLE
Form a more perfect union – a union creates strength
Establish justice – the law must be reasonable, fair and impartial
Insure domestic tranquility – keeping peace at home
Provide common defense – protection from othersPromote general welfare – serve its citizens (water,
transportation, education, etc.)Secure blessings of liberty – freedoms for the
individual
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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Division of powerLocal – city, county, townState Central
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CONFEDERATION
European Union – best example todayCentral government has limited power most of the power lies with the state governments
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PRESIDENTIAL VS. PARLIAMENTARY
Elected PresidentPrime Minister (executive) chosen by the legislature or the party in power in the legislature
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FOUNDATIONS OF DEMOCRACY
Worth and dignity of the individualEquality for all Majority rule but minority rightsCompromisePersonal/individual freedom
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FREE ENTERPRISE
Capitalism – supply and demandMixed economy – private and public
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ORIGINS OF U.S. GOVERNMENT
The Magna Carta – King John Trial by jury Due process Limited the power of the Monarch – not absolute
Petition of Rights – Charles I Imprisonment based on laws No quartering No martial law King must obey the law
English Bill of Rights – William and Mary Fair trial No excessive bail No cruel and unusual punishment Right to petition king
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COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS
Charter – written grant by the King to establish a colony
Bi-cameral and uni-cameral legislatures
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FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
Salutary NeglectIncrease taxationThe Albany Plan of Union
7 Northern Colonies Discussion of trade problems and Indian attacks Ben Franklin proposes and annual Congress of
Delegates meeting of all colonies – power to raise troops, regulate trade, tax, etc.
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FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
1774 – All colonies have representatives except GA
Sent a “declaration of rights” to King George
Called for an embargo against Britain
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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
After the battles of Lexington and Concord
Continental Army is created – George Washington as commander
Thomas Jefferson – Declaration of Independence
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STATE CONSTITUTIONS
Each state had oneCommon features
Popular sovereignty Limited government Separation of powers – “checks and balances” Civil rights and liberties