U.S. History

Chapter 19: The Civil WarSection 2: The War in the East

Two Armies Meet

• July 1861: Lincoln order march on Manassas and Richmond

• Irvin McDowell: led Union soldiers in First Battle of Bull Run

Gen. Irvin McDowell

Two Armies Meet

• Poorly trained soldiers

• Forces

– USA: 35,000– CSA: 35,000

• Union troops drive left side of Confederate line

Two Armies Meet

• “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!”

• Jackson holds position and rallies against Union lines Gen. Thomas

“Stonewall” Jackson

Two Armies Meet

•Confederates receive reinforcements

•Union army retreats

•Realization this will be a long war

More Virginia Battles

• Nov 1861: George McClellan takes command of Union army

• Lincoln orders McClellan back into VirginiaGen. George B.

McClellan

More Virginia Battles

• April 1862: McClellan encamped near Yorktown, VA

• Fears he is outnumbered

• Confederates reinforce Richmond Mr. Taylor & Gen. McClellan

More Virginia Battles

• May 1862: McClellan takes Yorktown

• Armies fight near Richmond

• Robert E. Lee appointed commander of Confederate troops

More Virginia Battles

• West Point graduate

• Opposed secession, slavery

• Offered Union command

• “I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children.”

Gen. Robert E. Lee

More Virginia Battles

• Summer 1862: Lee hopes to force McClellan way from Richmond

• Seven Day’s Battle

• Casualties

– USA: 16,000– CSA: 20,000

• Lee forces retreat by McClellan

More Virginia Battles

• Lincoln order John Pope to advance on Richmond

• Second Battle of Bull Run

• Confederate victory

• Union driven out of Virginia

Gen. John Pope

Pvt. Edwin Francis Jemison2nd Louisiana Regiment, C.S.A.

The Battle of Antietam

• Confederates move war northward

– Break Union spirit– Gain foreign support

• September 4, 1862: 40,000 Confederate soldiers enter Maryland

The Battle of Antietam

• September 17, 1862: Armies clash at Antietam Creek

• Casualties

– USA: 12,000– CSA: 13,000

The Battle of Antietam

• Battle of Antietam: the bloodies single-day battle in U.S. history

• Stops Confederate northward advance

• McClellan fails to pursue Lee

• McClellan fired

The War at Sea

•Union had industry to build ships

•Blockade cut off southern trade

•Blockade runners

The War at Sea

•Confederacy captured Norfolk naval yard

•Rechristened U.S.S. Merrimack to C.S.S. Virginia

•Ironclad—heavily armored ships

The War at Sea

•March 1862: C.S.S. Virginia rams and sinks two U.S. Navy ships at Hampton Roads

•U.S.S. Monitor: Union ironclad

The War at Sea

• March 9, 1862: Battle of Hampton Roads

• Ironclads fight for several hours

• Neither ship seriously damaged, battle ends in draw