u.s. history chapter 6. in may of 1775, few delegates to the continental congress wanted to formally...
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U.S. History Chapter 6
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In May of 1775, few delegates to the Continental Congress wanted to formally break ties with Britain.
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After the battles of Lexington and Concord, the Second Continental Congress sent a petition to George III, King of England.
Petition known as the “Olive Branch Petition”
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Second Continental Congress formed the army and appointed George Washington as commander
Army advantage over British troops was the military strategy based on local geography
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1st major battle of Revolution
British general Howe abandoned Boston because American cannons threatened the harbor
American naval blockade helped gain control of Boston
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When Richard Henry Lee said that he was now “convinced of the necessity of separation,” he was influenced by Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
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Colonists made their final decision regarding their relationship with Britain when Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence.
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Three main ideas in the Declaration of Independence are:Natural RightsBritish WrongsIndependence
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Everyone has a right to life and liberty: restates a main idea of the Declaration of Independence
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British General Howe led his forces to New York to face Washington’s army. More than 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or captured. Washington fled to avoid capture.
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Battle began with Washington crossing the Delaware River.
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British General Burgoyne surrendered in New York.
Battle was turning point in the war.
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Makeshift camp where American soldiers endured a long, cold winter.
Lack of government resources added to the terrible conditions
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Necessities collected by women helped ease the harsh conditions.
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British offered freedom to slaves who would serve the king.
Washington began to allow free African Americans to join the Continental Army.
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British navy was the most powerful in the world. However, Captain John Paul Jones won an important victory for America when he captured the British warship Serapis.
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British Commander-In-Chief Clinton knew many Loyalists lived in the southern backcountry. He hoped these Loyalists would join the British in fighting in the South.
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Ability of the Patriot generals was the primary cause of the failure of Britain’s southern strategy.
Governor of Spanish Louisiana helped Patriot cause by seizing British forts.
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American General Morgan used unconventional tactics to win this battle. He ordered his front line to retreat. British troops chased them directly into the fire of Morgan’s second rank.
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Final conflict of the American Revolution
British army was trapped by a fleet of French warships.
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British General Cornwallis disregarded an order and retreated to Yorktown Peninsula, trapping his troops.
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Mutual agreement with Parliament finalized American independence from Britain
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Treaty recognized U.S. as independent nation, extending from Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.
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Florida was returned to Spain.
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Patriot: Favored war with the British
Loyalist: Favored peaceful solutions to the conflict with the British
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