U.S. HistoryU.S. HistoryChapter 8 Section 4Chapter 8 Section 4

““Roosevelt’s Square Deal”Roosevelt’s Square Deal”2.5, 3.5, 3.8, 9.32.5, 3.5, 3.8, 9.3

Booker T. Washington at White House Booker T. Washington at White House DinnerDinner

Roosevelt Shapes the Modern Roosevelt Shapes the Modern PresidencyPresidency

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt: : 1901: Became 1901: Became President after President after William McKinley William McKinley Assasinated (Leon Assasinated (Leon Czolgocz)Czolgocz)

Square DealSquare Deal: TR’s : TR’s Program: Keep the Program: Keep the wealthy from taking wealthy from taking advantage of the restadvantage of the rest

-Did not believe in -Did not believe in helping the lazy or helping the lazy or making everyone richmaking everyone rich

““Every man shall Every man shall have a square deal…have a square deal…no less…no more”no less…no more”

Trustbusting and Regulating Trustbusting and Regulating IndustryIndustry

Roosevelt changed the way that Roosevelt changed the way that Government dealt with business disputesGovernment dealt with business disputes

1902: Coal Miners Strike: TR Threatened to 1902: Coal Miners Strike: TR Threatened to send troops in if strike not over quicklysend troops in if strike not over quickly

Hepburn ActHepburn Act: Strengthened the Interstate : Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)Commerce Commission (ICC)

1904: 1904: Northern Securities v. U.S.Northern Securities v. U.S. : Case : Case ruled the big railroad company an “illegal” ruled the big railroad company an “illegal” trusttrust

TR became known as a “Trustbuster”TR became known as a “Trustbuster” *He did not mind “Good Trusts” (Fair) only *He did not mind “Good Trusts” (Fair) only

disliked “Bad Trusts” (Unfair)disliked “Bad Trusts” (Unfair)

Regulating Food and Drug Regulating Food and Drug IndustriesIndustries

1906: Upton Sinclair 1906: Upton Sinclair wrote: wrote: The JungleThe Jungle

Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act: : Gov’t began to Gov’t began to inspect meatinspect meat

Pure Food and Drug Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA)Act (FDA): Banned : Banned impure food and impure food and “dishonest” medicine “dishonest” medicine claims (Snake Oil claims (Snake Oil Salesmen)Salesmen)

Government Manages the EnvironmentGovernment Manages the Environment 1872: Yellowstone 1872: Yellowstone

National Park FormedNational Park Formed 1890: Yosemite 1890: Yosemite

National ParkNational Park John MuirJohn Muir: Helped : Helped

found Yosemitefound Yosemite PreservePreserve: To leave : To leave

“unused”“unused” ConserveConserve: “Use-smart” : “Use-smart” Gifford PinchotGifford Pinchot: Protect : Protect

“some” land and use “some” land and use others. Then, protect others. Then, protect “used” land and use “used” land and use “protected” land “protected” land (Recycle)(Recycle)

National Reclamation National Reclamation Act: Act: Gov’t Decides how Gov’t Decides how waterwater is used (Dams…is used (Dams…etc.)etc.)

Roosevelt and Taft DifferRoosevelt and Taft Differ Roosevelt steps down after serving two termsRoosevelt steps down after serving two terms William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft: Backed by TR and won : Backed by TR and won

PresidencyPresidency Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff: Showed Taft’s weak : Showed Taft’s weak

“political” leadership“political” leadership Taft hated ALL trusts and busted more than Taft hated ALL trusts and busted more than

RooseveltRoosevelt 1911: Standard Oil “Busted” 1911: Standard Oil “Busted” Supported: “Rule of Reason” Large Supported: “Rule of Reason” Large

Monopolies ok as long as they do not try to Monopolies ok as long as they do not try to drive out competition (I call it the “NIPSCO” drive out competition (I call it the “NIPSCO” rule)rule)

Roosevelt Strikes BackRoosevelt Strikes Back

Taft: Fired PinchotTaft: Fired Pinchot Roosevelt: Angry…ran Roosevelt: Angry…ran

against Taftagainst Taft New NationalismNew Nationalism: :

Business should serve Business should serve country as well as self. country as well as self. Efficiency is key.Efficiency is key.

ELECTION of 1912ELECTION of 1912 Taft: RepublicanTaft: Republican Roosevelt: Progressive: Roosevelt: Progressive:

“Bull-Moose” Party“Bull-Moose” Party *Republican Party Split*Republican Party Split *Democrat Woodrow *Democrat Woodrow

Wilson Won ElectionWilson Won Election

U.S. History IU.S. History IChapter 8 Section 5Chapter 8 Section 5

““Woodrow Wilson”Woodrow Wilson”

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom New FreedomNew Freedom: Prevent “strong from crushing : Prevent “strong from crushing

weak” …But retain personal freedom from weak” …But retain personal freedom from gov’t.gov’t.

Lowered TariffsLowered Tariffs Sixteenth AmendmentSixteenth Amendment: Income Tax : Income Tax

AmendmentAmendment Federal Reserve ActFederal Reserve Act: Strengthened money : Strengthened money

supplysupply Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission (FTC)-Looked out (FTC)-Looked out

for false advertising or improper labeling for false advertising or improper labeling (Watchdog)(Watchdog)

Clayton Anti-trust ActClayton Anti-trust Act: Strengthened anti-trust : Strengthened anti-trust lawslaws

Workingman’s Compensation ActWorkingman’s Compensation Act: Temporay : Temporay help for disabled workershelp for disabled workers

Set railroad workers day at 8 hoursSet railroad workers day at 8 hours

Legacy of ProgressivismLegacy of Progressivism 1616thth (Income Tax), (Income Tax),

1717th th (Direct (Direct Election), 18Election), 18th th (Prohibition), 19(Prohibition), 19th th (Women’s (Women’s Suffrage) Suffrage) AmendmentsAmendments

Political ReformPolitical Reform Dollar Dollar

Strengthened Strengthened Land ConservationLand Conservation Strong Federal Strong Federal

Government Government “Levels” playing “Levels” playing field (Business)field (Business)

Worker gains Worker gains (Unions)(Unions)

Too much Too much government? government? (Socialism)(Socialism)

What about race What about race issues? (One great issues? (One great failure)failure)

Do people Do people “depend” on “depend” on Government too Government too much? Is it the much? Is it the governments, or governments, or American people’s American people’s job?job?

Do reforms Do reforms promote “laziness” promote “laziness” or sense of or sense of “Entitlement”“Entitlement”