U.S. History EOCT test

U.S. History EOCT testUnit 8 Preparation

SSUSH 2020aDescribe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy.Cold WarThe tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that dominated both nations foreign policies and which many feared would lead to war.

Iron CurtainBerlin, Germany was divided after WWII into western democracies and Easter Soviet CommunistFormer Prime Minister Winston Churchill said of Europe, A shadow has fallen an Iron curtain has descended across the continent.

Berlin AirliftIn an effort to stop people from fleeing to west Berlin, Stalin cut the city off by not allowing anyone to enter or leave.Truman did not want war but felt he had to deal with Stalin so he ordered supplies for the East Germans delivered by airplane to be dropped in East Berlin

Domino theoryThe idea that if one country fell to communism its neighbor would be next.

Containment PolicyOriginsRecommended by George kennen, diplomat to Soviet union.ImplicationsU.S. should focus on containing communism where it already was (stopping communism from spreading to other countries.)Do not let communism spread furtherMarshall PlanFinancial plan created by Secretary of state George Marshall that provided the war torn nations of Europe money and financial support to alleviate the suffering of their people.Since Communist revolutions often start during economic hardship the Marshall Plan was actually a weapon used as containment policy.

Truman DoctrinePresident Harry Truman stated the U.S. intervene and aid other nations attempting to resist Communism.

20bExplain the impact of the new communist regime in China and the outbreak of the Korean War and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy.New Communist ChinaChina fell to Communism when Mao Tse-tung won control of China forcibly removing Chiang Kai-Shek to flee the land in 1949.The event left many wondering if containment was working.

Mao Tse-tung--CommunistChiang Kai-shekNationalistPro-American Mao-ZedongKorean WarIn 1950, The war began when North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel. The UN come to South Koreas aid.The incident was never a declared war but an incident handled by UN police power.

Fear at home Red ScareCitizens at home were concerned with the spread of communism possible nuclear war. The built fall out shelters, did school nuclear attack drills.American citizens were convinced by the fall of china, and communist forces moving into Korea were indicators that the Communist were attempting to dominate and take over the world.The government responded by investigating, arresting, and harassing people connected to the Communist Party.

McCarthyismJoseph McCarthy was convinced that Communists had infiltrated high levels of government and the Military.Korean aggression and the fall of china helped McCarthys ideas gain popularityMcCarthy had to defend his views on television and by 1954 many people labeled him Crazy and Paranoid

20cDescribe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.Cuban RevolutionA revolution in the 1950s that took over the government of Cuba and placed Fidel Castro as the new communist leader of Cuba.Important to the U.S. because Cuba is 90 miles South of Florida and the U.S. is trying to Contain Communism.

Bay of PigsApril 17, 1961 a failed attempt by the Kennedy administration to launch an invasion of Cuba by CIA trained anti- Castro Cuban exiles. It embarrassed the Kennedy Administration. Most importantly, it forced Fidel Castro to ask the Soviet Union for help.

Cuban Missile CrisisFidel allowed Soviets to secretly put nuclear missiles in Cuba just 90 miles off the coast of Florida.U.S. Spy planes spotted the Missiles in October 1962.For 13 days, the world watched as the two superpowers almost had nuclear war.In the end Khrushchev agreed to withdraw in exchange for a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba and a secret agreement that the U.S. would remove US missiles located in Turkey as Well.

20dDescribe the Vietnam War, the Tet Offensive, and growing opposition to the War.Vietnam WarFighting erupted when Vietnamese nationalists led by Communist Ho Chi Minh wanted independence from France. The U.S. supported the South Vietnamese leader Ngo Kinh Diem and in the early 1960s both sides broke into war for control of Vietnam.Twelve years later the war officially ended in January 1973 when all parties signed the Paris Peace Accords.

Tet OffensiveNorth Vietnamese and Viet Cong launched a major coordinated attack against the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces.Heavy fighting in Saigon, the South Vietnamese capitol.The U.S. and allies turned them back but the incident was televised ending in a psychological victory for the Vietcong.Many people in the U.S. began to question U.S. involvement in Vietnam and whether the U.S. should be there.

Growing opposition to the WarCollege campuses become places of protest against the war.Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) demanded the government take radical steps radical steps to deal with poverty, inequality, and to end the war in Vietnam.The organization and others helped create pressure to end the Vietnam war and get the troops home.

Kent State UniversityProtest gone violent----20eExplain the role of geography on the U.S. containment policy, the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War.Containment - GeographyNort

Korean War - GeographyNorth Korea & china were Communist.South Korea was Capitalist.The line of Latitude or 38th parallel separated the two sections.

Bay of Pigs - GeographyCuba had a Communist Revolution and Fidel Castro gained control.Threatened U.S. because Cubas location so close to Florida & USA.

Cuban Missile Crisis - Geography

Vietnam War - GeographyJust as in Korea, North Vietnam became Communist.South Vietnam under containment remained Capitalist.Divided at the line of latitude 17th parallel.

21aDescribe the impact of competition with the USSR as evidenced by the launch of Sputnik I and President Eisenhowers actions.

Sputnik IOctober 4, 1957 Russian satellite launched into space to transmit messages and other information.Shocked the U.S. because Soviet Union beat them in Technological advancement in Space.

Eisenhowers response to Sputnik ISignaled a technology gap between the U.S. and the Soviet UnionOn July 29, 1958 the National Aeronautics Space Act created the Government Agency NASAIts goal was to Pioneer the future of space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)