U.S. HISTORYU.S. HISTORY

Goal 1-6Goal 1-6

ReviewReview

Content Issues: Whiskey Rebellion Content Issues: Whiskey Rebellion The new national government The new national government

demonstrated its power by forcefully demonstrated its power by forcefully stopping the whiskey rebellionstopping the whiskey rebellion

Power of the national governmentPower of the national government

Content issues:Content issues: Farewell addressFarewell address• Form no political Parties in the United States Form no political Parties in the United States Enter into no Foreign Entanglements Enter into no Foreign Entanglements Enter into no permanent Alliances Enter into no permanent Alliances

Treaty of Grenville Miami Confederacy Treaty of Grenville Miami Confederacy gave up most of the land in area that gave up most of the land in area that would become Ohio; ended Native would become Ohio; ended Native American resistance in OhioAmerican resistance in Ohio

Content: Tecumseh Content: Tecumseh Joined the British army Joined the British army in the war of 1812 to in the war of 1812 to stop westward stop westward expansion.expansion.

Tecumseh worked to Tecumseh worked to unite other Indian tribes unite other Indian tribes to oppose white western to oppose white western expansion in the early expansion in the early 1800s. That dream was 1800s. That dream was crippled when U.S. crippled when U.S. troops defeated warriors troops defeated warriors led by Tecumseh's led by Tecumseh's brother. Tecumseh was brother. Tecumseh was later killed while fighting later killed while fighting on the British side at the on the British side at the Battle of Thames during Battle of Thames during the War of 1812. the War of 1812. Goal 1Goal 1

Tecumseh's growing Tecumseh's growing American Indian American Indian confederation battled confederation battled Americans forces in the Americans forces in the war of 1812 with the war of 1812 with the British to halt westward British to halt westward expansion by American expansion by American colonist.colonist.

Tecumseh and the Tecumseh and the Shawnees did not hold Shawnees did not hold any claim on the land, any claim on the land, but they believed that but they believed that Indian land was owned in Indian land was owned in common by all of the common by all of the tribes, and therefore, no tribes, and therefore, no land could be sold land could be sold without all the tribes in without all the tribes in agreement. agreement. Goal 1.Goal 1.

Federalist believed in a central banking systemFederalist believed in a central banking system Democratic Republicans – believed in state Democratic Republicans – believed in state

banks banks Goal 1Goal 1

Content issues:Content issues:Thomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonBelieved in a strict interpretation of Believed in a strict interpretation of

the constitutionthe constitution

Content clues: SectionalismContent clues: Sectionalism Written in response to the Alien and Sedition Written in response to the Alien and Sedition

ActsActs Southern's protesting the right to protest Southern's protesting the right to protest

against the national government against the national government

Content issue: Voting election of 1804Content issue: Voting election of 1804 No enslaved personsNo enslaved persons No womenNo women No landless farmers No landless farmers

Content issues: women’s suffrage - the right to Content issues: women’s suffrage - the right to vote vote

• • Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. them than your ancestors.

• • Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could.

• • If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation.

Content Issues: L.P. Doubles the size of the United statesContent Issues: L.P. Doubles the size of the United states Spain gave up all claims to land east of Mississippi River, except Spain gave up all claims to land east of Mississippi River, except

Florida. Florida. Pinckney’s Treaty gave the U.S. the right to navigate the Mississippi Pinckney’s Treaty gave the U.S. the right to navigate the Mississippi

RiverRiver Control of the Port of New OrleansControl of the Port of New Orleans On the acquisition of Louisiana, in the year 1803, the attention of On the acquisition of Louisiana, in the year 1803, the attention of

the government of the United States, was early directed towards the government of the United States, was early directed towards exploring and improving the new territoryexploring and improving the new territory. .

Adams-Onís TreatyAdams-Onís Treaty The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 (formally titled the The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 (formally titled the

Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits Between the Treaty of Amity, Settlement, and Limits Between the United States the Florida Purchase Treaty) was a United States the Florida Purchase Treaty) was a historic agreement between the United States and historic agreement between the United States and Spain that settled a border dispute in North America Spain that settled a border dispute in North America between the two nation.between the two nation.

Content issues:Content issues: The XYZ Affair France attempts to bribe American officialsThe XYZ Affair France attempts to bribe American officials The United States officials refused the termsThe United States officials refused the terms Adams made public the blackmail attemptAdams made public the blackmail attempt The XYZ Affair resulted in tense bitterness on both sides, and The XYZ Affair resulted in tense bitterness on both sides, and

led to an undeclared naval war between the U.S. and France led to an undeclared naval war between the U.S. and France that lasted several years.that lasted several years.

Jay’s treaty Jay’s treaty The "Jay Treaty" was The "Jay Treaty" was

ratified by Congress in ratified by Congress in 1797. John Jay negotiated 1797. John Jay negotiated this treaty with Great this treaty with Great Britain. Under Jay's Britain. Under Jay's Treaty, the British agreed Treaty, the British agreed to leave areas in the to leave areas in the Northwest Territory Northwest Territory which they had been which they had been required to return earlier, required to return earlier, under the Treaty of Paris. under the Treaty of Paris. This treaty did not, This treaty did not, however, oblige the however, oblige the British to observe British to observe American neutral rights. American neutral rights.

Samuel Worcester, a missionary, defied Georgia through Samuel Worcester, a missionary, defied Georgia through peaceful means to protest the state's handling of peaceful means to protest the state's handling of Cherokee lands. Worcester filed a lawsuit against the Cherokee lands. Worcester filed a lawsuit against the state that went all the way to the Supreme Court, state that went all the way to the Supreme Court, where the Cherokee won the case. President Andrew where the Cherokee won the case. President Andrew Jackson would not up hold the supreme court ruling and Jackson would not up hold the supreme court ruling and forced the Cherokees to move from their homelands forced the Cherokees to move from their homelands despite Chief Justice John Marshall ruling supreme court despite Chief Justice John Marshall ruling supreme court ruling. ruling.

The US wanted an end to what they saw The US wanted an end to what they saw as European dominance in the area of as European dominance in the area of economics and exports. The Monroe economics and exports. The Monroe Doctrine (1823) explicitly stated that the Doctrine (1823) explicitly stated that the U.S. would not tolerate European U.S. would not tolerate European colonialism in the western hemispherecolonialism in the western hemisphere . .

Goal 2Goal 2

President Andrew President Andrew Jackson created the Jackson created the spoils system by spoils system by giving his unqualified giving his unqualified supporters positions supporters positions in federal in federal government, this government, this system was later system was later overturned by overturned by Pendleton civil Pendleton civil service reform act.service reform act.

Content Issues: Andrew JacksonContent Issues: Andrew Jackson Destroyed the bank of the United StatesDestroyed the bank of the United States Created the spoils systemCreated the spoils system Forced the Cherokee to leave Georgia on the Forced the Cherokee to leave Georgia on the

trail of tearstrail of tears Overruled Worster vs. GeorgiaOverruled Worster vs. Georgia

President, Jackson President, Jackson

greatly expanded the greatly expanded the power of white men power of white men by eliminating the by eliminating the voting requirement voting requirement for white men his for white men his presidential tenure presidential tenure was known as the was known as the period of the period of the common man. common man. Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson opened his opened his inauguration to inauguration to regular (Common regular (Common people) folks people) folks

““I believe that I believe that banking institutions banking institutions are more dangerous are more dangerous to our liberties than to our liberties than standing armies ... standing armies ... The issuing power The issuing power should be taken from should be taken from the banks and the banks and restored to the restored to the Government, to Government, to whom it properly whom it properly belongs." Andrew belongs." Andrew Jackson Jackson

Content Issues: Content Issues: William Lloyd Garrison, attacked southern William Lloyd Garrison, attacked southern

slave owners by condemning slavery on slave owners by condemning slavery on moral grounds and demanding immediate moral grounds and demanding immediate emancipation and racial equalityemancipation and racial equality

Content Issues: Quakers and the Inner lightContent Issues: Quakers and the Inner light The The abolitionist movement contributed to the ongoing movement contributed to the ongoing

conflict between the North and the South. conflict between the North and the South. Intensified the sectional conflict between the North and Intensified the sectional conflict between the North and

the South was largely centered around the issue of the South was largely centered around the issue of slavery. slavery.

The extension of slavery into the western territories, The extension of slavery into the western territories, became a central issue and a major cause of the Civil became a central issue and a major cause of the Civil War.War.

Reformers led by Reformers led by Dorothea Dix led the Dorothea Dix led the way to more modern way to more modern treatment of the treatment of the mentally ill. mentally ill.

Dorothea Dix was an Dorothea Dix was an extremely influential extremely influential reformer of the reformer of the period. Her work led period. Her work led to prison reform and to prison reform and improved treatment improved treatment of the insane. In 1843 of the insane. In 1843 Dix sent the following Dix sent the following report to the report to the Massachusetts Massachusetts legislature. legislature.

Content Issue:Content Issue: Horace Mann was a pioneer in the reform of the Horace Mann was a pioneer in the reform of the

American public educational system. American public educational system. Horace Mann had a vision to establish the most Horace Mann had a vision to establish the most

comprehensive and complete educational system comprehensive and complete educational system possible for the children and teachers. His possible for the children and teachers. His educational reforms had a profound effect on the educational reforms had a profound effect on the United States public education system. United States public education system.

EducationEducation

Led by Horace Mann, Led by Horace Mann, the great educational the great educational reformer, a reformer, a movement was led to movement was led to create mandatory create mandatory public education in public education in America. After several America. After several centuries of struggle centuries of struggle his ideas were his ideas were eventually eventually implemented implemented throughout America.throughout America.

Elizabeth Cady Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1848 Stanton 1848 Convention, and for Convention, and for the next fifty years the next fifty years played a leadership played a leadership role in the women's role in the women's rights movement. rights movement. Along with her friend Along with her friend Susan B. Anthony, Susan B. Anthony, Stanton was for many Stanton was for many years the architect years the architect and author of the and author of the movement's most movement's most important strategies important strategies and documents. and documents.

Content Issues: Second Great AwakeningContent Issues: Second Great Awakening Women led the temperance movementWomen led the temperance movement temperance advocates were womentemperance advocates were women Christian women played a role in helping Christian women played a role in helping

those people who have become consumed by those people who have become consumed by immoral acts redeem themselves. immoral acts redeem themselves.

Content Issues: Internal Improvements Content Issues: Internal Improvements Henry Clay wanted to link the Mississippi with the Great Henry Clay wanted to link the Mississippi with the Great

LakesLakes Create a trancontential railroad transportation network Create a trancontential railroad transportation network

for shipping goodsfor shipping goods Build canal, roads, ships and trains that would connect Build canal, roads, ships and trains that would connect

the country. the country.

Content Issues: Cotton GinContent Issues: Cotton Gin made it profitable for southern planters to made it profitable for southern planters to

extend enslavement further south and westextend enslavement further south and west Cotton Gin caused an increase in the amount Cotton Gin caused an increase in the amount

of enslaved persons needed to labor in of enslaved persons needed to labor in cotton fields cotton fields

Content Issues Hudson River schoolContent Issues Hudson River school Each painting focused on the beauty, size, Each painting focused on the beauty, size,

and abundance of the U.S. landscapeand abundance of the U.S. landscape Express the feelings of NationalismExpress the feelings of Nationalism To promote the imagery of the United States To promote the imagery of the United States

Wilmot's Proviso Wilmot's Proviso Goal 2Goal 2 David Wilmot proposal led to David Wilmot proposal led to

northern and southern northern and southern sectional lines.sectional lines.

The Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania representative was so representative was so adamantly against the adamantly against the extension of slavery to lands extension of slavery to lands ceded by Mexico, he made a ceded by Mexico, he made a proposition that would divide proposition that would divide the Congress. On August 8, the Congress. On August 8, 1846, Wilmot introduced 1846, Wilmot introduced legislation in the House that legislation in the House that boldly declared, "neither boldly declared, "neither slavery nor involuntary slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist" in servitude shall ever exist" in lands won in the Mexican-lands won in the Mexican-American War. American War.

Content issues: John C. CalhounContent issues: John C. Calhoun Increased Northern and Southern sectional tensions Increased Northern and Southern sectional tensions

over the issue of Enslavementover the issue of Enslavement Nullification doctrine suggesting southern states could Nullification doctrine suggesting southern states could

nullify federal laws that abridge states rights leading to nullify federal laws that abridge states rights leading to southern successionsouthern succession

Emerson’s Essay, ‘Self-Emerson’s Essay, ‘Self-Reliance’: to believe your Reliance’: to believe your own thought...that is own thought...that is genius. Essay on self-genius. Essay on self-reliance, as well as essays reliance, as well as essays on compensation on compensation individualistic idealismindividualistic idealism

Civil Disobedience argues Civil Disobedience argues that people should not that people should not permit governments to permit governments to overrule or their overrule or their consciences, and that consciences, and that people have a duty to people have a duty to avoid allowing avoid allowing governments to make governments to make them the agents of them the agents of injustice. injustice.

Thoreau was motivated in Thoreau was motivated in part by his disgust with part by his disgust with slavery and the Mexican-slavery and the Mexican-American War.American War.

Content Issues: Expansion 0f SlaveryContent Issues: Expansion 0f Slavery While slavery was developing in the South of the United While slavery was developing in the South of the United

States, the North continued to develop its industry, States, the North continued to develop its industry, especially in cotton textiles. especially in cotton textiles.

By 1860 there were some 1,800,000 hired workers By 1860 there were some 1,800,000 hired workers employed in industry and transport and some 800,000 employed in industry and transport and some 800,000 farm laborers. farm laborers.

Content Issues: Texas AnnexationContent Issues: Texas Annexation Major Problems Texas would be free or Slave Major Problems Texas would be free or Slave

statestate Southerns wanted controlling interest in Southerns wanted controlling interest in

congress to increase their slave powercongress to increase their slave power More slave states than free statesMore slave states than free states

Content issue: Kansas-Nebraska ActContent issue: Kansas-Nebraska ActIn 1854, Congress decided to extend In 1854, Congress decided to extend popular popular sovereigntysovereignty to the unsettled areas of the Louisiana to the unsettled areas of the Louisiana Purchase, now know as the Kansas and Nebraska Purchase, now know as the Kansas and Nebraska territories. This act led to violence and a pre-cursor to territories. This act led to violence and a pre-cursor to the Civil War as pro-abolition and pro-slavery forces the Civil War as pro-abolition and pro-slavery forces flooded Kansas to sway the vote, in what became flooded Kansas to sway the vote, in what became known as known as Bloody KansasBloody Kansas. .

Content Issues:Content Issues: Popular Sovereignty Stephen Douglas in the Popular Sovereignty Stephen Douglas in the

free western territoryfree western territory Lincoln and the problem of Enslavement Lincoln and the problem of Enslavement Lincoln becomes the Republican party Lincoln becomes the Republican party

candidate candidate

Content Issues: Lincoln–Douglas debatesContent Issues: Lincoln–Douglas debates Cause the split of the democratic party Cause the split of the democratic party Formed the Republican partyFormed the Republican party Lincoln became a public figure on the issue of slaveryLincoln became a public figure on the issue of slavery South seceded from the union 1860 when Lincoln South seceded from the union 1860 when Lincoln

became president.became president.

Lincoln first reason for fighting Lincoln first reason for fighting the the Civil WarCivil War was to: was to:

Preserve the UnionPreserve the Union

Content Issues:Content Issues: Lincoln election caused southern - successionLincoln election caused southern - succession Southerns did not vote for LincolnSoutherns did not vote for Lincoln Southern plantation (Solid South) owners form Southern plantation (Solid South) owners form

the confederate states of Americathe confederate states of America Firing in the Union fort Sumter begins the warFiring in the Union fort Sumter begins the war

* Content issues:* Content issues:

* Battle at Gettysburg, PA, was the turning * Battle at Gettysburg, PA, was the turning point of the civil war.point of the civil war.

* * It was the last offensive movement for It was the last offensive movement for the south or Confederacythe south or Confederacy

TThe Massachusetts 54th Colored Infantry during the Civil War, he Massachusetts 54th Colored Infantry during the Civil War, fought in a disciplined manner in the U.S. Army.fought in a disciplined manner in the U.S. Army.

President Lincoln realized that the country would need every able-President Lincoln realized that the country would need every able-bodied man they could muster. bodied man they could muster.

Once the Emancipation Proclamation was signed at the start of Once the Emancipation Proclamation was signed at the start of 1863, recruiting of black soldiers began.1863, recruiting of black soldiers began.

Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the 26-year old scion of a white Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the 26-year old scion of a white abolitionist family in Boston, the 54th stormed the Confederate abolitionist family in Boston, the 54th stormed the Confederate Fort Wagner in a bold attack that generated heavy casualties, but Fort Wagner in a bold attack that generated heavy casualties, but galvanized Northern admiration for black soldiers galvanized Northern admiration for black soldiers

First & Second battles of Bull RunFirst & Second battles of Bull Run VicksburgVicksburg GettysburgGettysburg Anancadonda Plan – cut of supplies to Anancadonda Plan – cut of supplies to

confederacy from the Mississippi riverconfederacy from the Mississippi river

Content issues:Content issues: The Klan's first The Klan's first

incarnation was in incarnation was in 1866. Founded by 1866. Founded by veterans of the veterans of the Confederate Army, its Confederate Army, its main purpose was to main purpose was to resist Reconstruction, resist Reconstruction, and it focused as and it focused as much on intimidating much on intimidating freed slaves, denying freed slaves, denying them citizenship them citizenship rights throughout the rights throughout the southern statessouthern states

the Fourteenth Amendment the Fourteenth Amendment was added to the United was added to the United States Constitution during States Constitution during reconstruction. Requiring reconstruction. Requiring southern states ratification southern states ratification before reentrance into the before reentrance into the union. The Fourteenth union. The Fourteenth Amendment Known as Amendment Known as "Reconstruction Amendments" "Reconstruction Amendments" along with the Thirteenth and along with the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, the Fifteenth Amendments, the Fourteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment forbids any state to deny to forbids any state to deny to any person "life, liberty or any person "life, liberty or property, without due process property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its lawsthe equal protection of its laws

Content issues:Content issues: Amendment XIIIAmendment XIII

Section 1.Section 1. Neither Neither slavery nor slavery nor involuntary servitude, involuntary servitude, except as a except as a punishment for crime punishment for crime whereof the party whereof the party shall have been duly shall have been duly convicted, shall exist convicted, shall exist within the United within the United States, or any place States, or any place subject to their subject to their jurisdiction.jurisdiction.

Section 2. Section 2. Congress Congress shall have power to shall have power to enforce this article by enforce this article by appropriate legislationappropriate legislation

Ratified December 6, Ratified December 6, 18651865

Content IssuesContent Issues 15th Amendment to 15th Amendment to

the U.S. Constitution: the U.S. Constitution: Voting Rights (1870)Voting Rights (1870)

Passed by Congress Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, February 26, 1869, and ratified February and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th 3, 1870, the 15th amendment granted amendment granted African American men African American men the right to vote.the right to vote.

The Constitution of the United States 13th, The Constitution of the United States 13th, 14th & 15th Civil rights Amendments 1865 – 14th & 15th Civil rights Amendments 1865 – 1868 these rights sought to protect newly 1868 these rights sought to protect newly freedmen (s) rights. freedmen (s) rights.

Reconstruction was anReconstruction was an attempt to achieve attempt to achieve national reunification and reconciliation after national reunification and reconciliation after the Civil War and to improve the status of the Civil War and to improve the status of former slaves (freedmen).former slaves (freedmen).

The Freedmen's Bureau established schools for The Freedmen's Bureau established schools for the Freedmen. the Freedmen.

There are many examples of schools being There are many examples of schools being funded by the Freedmen Bureau which funded by the Freedmen Bureau which provided food clothing and farm tools for newly provided food clothing and farm tools for newly freedmen persons during reconstruction in the freedmen persons during reconstruction in the south. south.

Content: Content: General General Grant's armies Grant's armies converged on converged on Vicksburg, investing Vicksburg, investing the city and the city and entrapping a entrapping a Confederate army Confederate army under Lieutenant under Lieutenant General John General John Pemberton. Pemberton.

On July 4, Vicksburg On July 4, Vicksburg the south surrendered the south surrendered after prolonged siege after prolonged siege operations. This was operations. This was thethe

With the loss of Vicksburg the With the loss of Vicksburg the Confederacy was effectively split in Confederacy was effectively split in half.half. The The vital stronghold on the vital stronghold on the Mississippi was no more. Mississippi was no more.

On January 25, 1877, On January 25, 1877, Congress determined the Congress determined the presidential election presidential election between Rutherford B. between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Hayes and Samuel Tilden. Tilden won the Tilden. Tilden won the popular vote but lost popular vote but lost through the Compromise through the Compromise of 1877.of 1877.

With drawl of federal With drawl of federal troops from the south troops from the south

Northern congressmen Northern congressmen wanted to invest in wanted to invest in westward expansionwestward expansion. . Reconstruction ended Reconstruction ended and southern politicians and southern politicians were in control of the were in control of the southern southern politics politics resulting in the resulting in the compromise of 1877compromise of 1877

Content: ExodustersContent: Exodusters The Exodusters were freed African Americans from the south. The Exodusters were freed African Americans from the south. Exodusters were sharecroppers who where cheated out of their Exodusters were sharecroppers who where cheated out of their

crops and suffered poverty because they didn't make enough crops and suffered poverty because they didn't make enough profit were in great debt.profit were in great debt.

African  Americans left the south due to oppressive conditions African  Americans left the south due to oppressive conditions imposed by Democratic southern politicians, plantation owners, imposed by Democratic southern politicians, plantation owners, and the Ku Klux Klan. and the Ku Klux Klan.

Content Issue: Western Expansion Content Issue: Western Expansion Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny was a phrase that expressed the belief that the United was a phrase that expressed the belief that the United

States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific States was destined to expand from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean.Ocean.

Manifest Destiny advocated for or justify other territorial acquisitions. Manifest Destiny advocated for or justify other territorial acquisitions. Advocates believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was Advocates believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny"). obvious ("manifest") and certain ("destiny").

American expansion American expansion into the westinto the west was good for was good for democracy because people in the western frontier democracy because people in the western frontier actively participated in the political processactively participated in the political process

Western settlement Western settlement through military through military activity and railroad activity and railroad sponsorship. Native sponsorship. Native peoples who already peoples who already inhabited western inhabited western lands faced lands faced catastrophe changes catastrophe changes associated with white associated with white settlers desire to settlers desire to expand west for expand west for religious freedom and religious freedom and economic opportunity economic opportunity resulting in native resulting in native American assimilation American assimilation and loss their cultural and loss their cultural way of life. way of life.

Content Issues: Settlement into the Western Territories Content Issues: Settlement into the Western Territories The Central Pacific started building the The Central Pacific started building the

Transcontinental Railroad eastward from Sacramento, Transcontinental Railroad eastward from Sacramento, demand for Chinese workers increased greatly. The CP demand for Chinese workers increased greatly. The CP figured they needed 5,000 Chinese immigrants workers figured they needed 5,000 Chinese immigrants workers to build the railroad, but thousands more were to build the railroad, but thousands more were required.required.

Content issuesContent issues Mormons and Irish Mormons and Irish

migration west was migration west was due to religious due to religious persecution in the persecution in the mid-1800,s mid-1800,s

These groups These groups moving west moving west Chinese, Blacks, Chinese, Blacks, Irish and Mormons Irish and Mormons were used as cheap were used as cheap labor sources.labor sources.

Content Issues:Content Issues: The U.S. The U.S.

government government opened the great opened the great plains to western plains to western settlement and as settlement and as a result native a result native American lands American lands were acquired by were acquired by white settlers who white settlers who wanted protection wanted protection from the U.S. from the U.S. military leading to military leading to many wars and many wars and massacres of massacres of Native Americans.Native Americans.

Grangers and populist Grangers and populist wanted bimetallism wanted bimetallism The idea of “Free The idea of “Free Silver” (the open Silver” (the open coinage of silver coinage of silver backed dollars, as backed dollars, as opposed to those opposed to those backed by more backed by more expensive gold) expensive gold)

Grangers populist Grangers populist organizations in order organizations in order to push for regulation to push for regulation of the railroads and of the railroads and their rates. their rates.

In 1837 John Deere In 1837 John Deere made a plow out of a made a plow out of a steel saw blade. This steel saw blade. This plow was the answer plow was the answer to western farmer's to western farmer's problems. The steel problems. The steel plow tore apart the plow tore apart the dirt more easily dirt more easily allowing for irrigation allowing for irrigation ditches to be easily ditches to be easily allowing for the allowing for the creation of dry creation of dry farming. farming.

Content Issues:Content Issues: The power of voters expandedThe power of voters expanded Regulation of railroads the Interstate commerce Regulation of railroads the Interstate commerce

ActsActs Government control of Big BusinessGovernment control of Big Business

Content Issues:Content Issues: The foundation of the College of Engineering The foundation of the College of Engineering

traces its roots to the Morrill Act of 1862.traces its roots to the Morrill Act of 1862. This act provided for a land grant institution in This act provided for a land grant institution in

each state and territory. the Agriculture College each state and territory. the Agriculture College and Experiment Station.and Experiment Station.

Content Issues:Content Issues: Western expansion Western expansion

was achieved by was achieved by the the transcontinental transcontinental railroadrailroad

Native American Native American genocidegenocide

Homestead ActHomestead Act Morrill Land Grant Morrill Land Grant

ActAct

Content Issues: The Grange and later the populist party Content Issues: The Grange and later the populist party fought for regulation of big business by government powerfought for regulation of big business by government power

created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industrythe conduct of the railroad industry

With this act, the railroads became the first industry With this act, the railroads became the first industry subject to Federal regulation.subject to Federal regulation.

Content Issues:Content Issues: Nativists believe there are right and wrongs type of Nativists believe there are right and wrongs type of

people immigrating to Americapeople immigrating to America Nativist oppose immigration on the grounds it takes Nativist oppose immigration on the grounds it takes

jobs away from Americansjobs away from Americans American businessmen support immigration for cheap American businessmen support immigration for cheap

laborlabor

Content Issues:Content Issues: Western Expansion had the greatest impact on Western Expansion had the greatest impact on

the exploitation of Native Americansthe exploitation of Native Americans Native Americans were forced to assimilate into Native Americans were forced to assimilate into

white society white society

Content issues:Content issues: Oregon Territory 54-40 fight or flightOregon Territory 54-40 fight or flight Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoMexican Cession Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Gadsden purchase set the borders of the USGadsden purchase set the borders of the US Louisiana Purchase – native American lands Louisiana Purchase – native American lands

Content Issues: Expansion of slaveryContent Issues: Expansion of slavery The next year in the Senate Calhoun and Daniel The next year in the Senate Calhoun and Daniel

Webster opposed each other over slavery and states' Webster opposed each other over slavery and states' rights in a famous debate. In 1844 President John Tyler rights in a famous debate. In 1844 President John Tyler appointed Calhoun secretary of state. In later years he appointed Calhoun secretary of state. In later years he was reelected to the Senate, where he supported the was reelected to the Senate, where he supported the Texas Annexation and defeated the Wilmot Proviso, Texas Annexation and defeated the Wilmot Proviso, Free labor Freeland, and Freemen. (Virginia and Free labor Freeland, and Freemen. (Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsKentucky Resolutions

Content Issue: Cheap laborContent Issue: Cheap labor Northern factories used immigrants to work in Northern factories used immigrants to work in

factories for low wagesfactories for low wages The south used black sharecroppers as cheap The south used black sharecroppers as cheap

labor after the civil warlabor after the civil war

Content Issue: Reasons for immigrationContent Issue: Reasons for immigration Immigration and the Industrial RevolutionImmigration and the Industrial Revolution Business leaders wanted cheap labor Business leaders wanted cheap labor Immigrants wanted better living conditions for Immigrants wanted better living conditions for

their children schools colleges overall a better their children schools colleges overall a better quality of life. quality of life.

Content Issues:Content Issues: Robber Barons: Rockefeller, Carnegie, Robber Barons: Rockefeller, Carnegie,

Vanderbilt and Morgan Vanderbilt and Morgan created monopolies and trusts created monopolies and trusts Supported Social Darwinism to defend their Supported Social Darwinism to defend their

enormous wealth. enormous wealth.

Content Issues: Collective Bargaining union Arbitration Content Issues: Collective Bargaining union Arbitration Labor unions did not make significant gainsLabor unions did not make significant gains Working conditions were horrible and required strikesWorking conditions were horrible and required strikes Robber Barons used newspaper articles about violent Robber Barons used newspaper articles about violent

strikes to turn public opinion against labor unionsstrikes to turn public opinion against labor unions

Content Issues:Content Issues: The The Pendleton ActPendleton Act provided the following reforms: provided the following reforms: A Civil Service Commission would be formed to administer tests to A Civil Service Commission would be formed to administer tests to

qualified applicants for government jobs; qualified applicants for government jobs; Competitive exams would be used to hire some government Competitive exams would be used to hire some government

workers; workers; Government employees would no longer be forced to make Government employees would no longer be forced to make

campaign contributions to political parties. campaign contributions to political parties.

Content Issues:Content Issues: These theories These theories

justified U.S. justified U.S. capitalist industrial capitalist industrial wealth in the second wealth in the second half of the 19half of the 19thth centurycentury

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism Laissez-faire Laissez-faire

economic policieseconomic policies The ideas expressed The ideas expressed

in The Gospel of in The Gospel of WealthWealth

Content Issues: John D. RockefellerContent Issues: John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Trust CompanyStandard Oil Trust Company Richest of the Robber BaronsRichest of the Robber Barons Muckraker- Ida Tarbell – Trust BusterMuckraker- Ida Tarbell – Trust Buster Clayton Anti-Trust Act ended Trust and Clayton Anti-Trust Act ended Trust and

Monopolies in AmericaMonopolies in America

Monopolization — Monopolization — Rockefeller is Rockefeller is remembered for remembered for buying up all of the buying up all of the components needed components needed for the manufacture for the manufacture of oil barrels in order of oil barrels in order to prohibit his to prohibit his competitors from competitors from getting their product getting their product on the market on the market

Standard Oil followed Standard Oil followed the path of horizontal the path of horizontal integration until the integration until the Sherman Anti-Trust Sherman Anti-Trust act repealed act repealed monopoliesmonopolies

Gospel of wealth, Gospel of wealth, industrialist Andrew industrialist Andrew Carnegie argued that Carnegie argued that individual capitalists individual capitalists were duty bound to play were duty bound to play a broader cultural and a broader cultural and social role and thus social role and thus improve the world. “The improve the world. “The man of wealth must man of wealth must become a trustee and become a trustee and agent for his poorer agent for his poorer brethren, bringing to brethren, bringing to their service his superior their service his superior wisdom, experience, and wisdom, experience, and ability to administer.” ability to administer.”

Content Issue: Jane Adams Hull HouseContent Issue: Jane Adams Hull House Social Gospel some Industrialist used their Social Gospel some Industrialist used their

wealth to help the poor wealth to help the poor Society being made better by applying Christian Society being made better by applying Christian

principlesprinciples

Content Issues: Founder Samuel GompersContent Issues: Founder Samuel Gompers (AFL) Craft Unions(AFL) Craft Unions American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused its American Federation of Labor (AFL) focused its

efforts on craft unionsefforts on craft unions

Late 18Late 18thth and early 19 and early 19thth century century unions experience a decline in unions experience a decline in the growth of unions due to the growth of unions due to violent strikes that depicted violent strikes that depicted unions as institutions of anti-unions as institutions of anti-American activity. American activity.

Unions unsuccessfully Unions unsuccessfully attempted collective attempted collective bargaining between business bargaining between business and workers with the U.S. and workers with the U.S. government serving as the government serving as the mediator.mediator.

Collective bargaining became Collective bargaining became a causality of violent strikes a causality of violent strikes that plagued the era.that plagued the era.

Content Issues: Josiah Strong Christian Minster/PreacherContent Issues: Josiah Strong Christian Minster/Preacher To spread western civilization and Christian ideasTo spread western civilization and Christian ideas Social Darwinism promoted a belief that America was Social Darwinism promoted a belief that America was

superior over South American nations.superior over South American nations.

Content issues: To open New Markets in the Content issues: To open New Markets in the Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere

U.S. ImperialismU.S. Imperialism Senator Alfred T. Mahan - ImperialistSenator Alfred T. Mahan - Imperialist Creation of a Powerful US NavyCreation of a Powerful US Navy

Content Issues: Cuba is an Independent countryContent Issues: Cuba is an Independent country After Spanish American War After Spanish American War Platt Amendment gives U.S. political control over CubaPlatt Amendment gives U.S. political control over Cuba Dollar diplomacy is used in Cuba to create over seas Dollar diplomacy is used in Cuba to create over seas

investment investment Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam were acquired by the Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam were acquired by the

US after the Spanish American War by the Treaty of US after the Spanish American War by the Treaty of Versailles Versailles

Content Issues:Content Issues: The use of Hawaii as Naval station for U.S. The use of Hawaii as Naval station for U.S. US planters wanted control of economic interest US planters wanted control of economic interest Queen Liliuokalani is overthrown by the US Queen Liliuokalani is overthrown by the US

Content Issues: Content Issues: William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft Dollar Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Newly acquired U.S. territories used to create a Newly acquired U.S. territories used to create a

profit profit Increase the trade balance in favor of the U.S.Increase the trade balance in favor of the U.S.