Johns Hopkins’s Krieger School of Arts and Sciences (KSAS) Advanced Academic Programs (AAP)

Energy Policy and Climate (EPC)

AS.425.646.81/82 U.S. Offshore Energy: Policy, Science and Technology

Spring 2017

Instructor: Amardeep Dhanju, Ph.D. Instructor contact information: adhanju@jhu.edu; I will strive to respond to your emails within 24-48 hours of receipt. If you would like to speak over the phone or via a video link, we can try to work a suitable time.

Note: All emails from me to you will use the JHU system. If you use a different email system, make sure to forward your JHU account to that other address. Course blackboard page: https://blackboard.jhu.edu Assignments and course content (slides, student presentations, etc.) will be posted on the Blackboard.

Course Description Offshore energy is progressively becoming a significant part of the U.S. energy mix. Oil from offshore platforms is a major source of U.S. domestic production and significant interest has emerged for developing renewable energy resources in the ocean and the Great Lakes. Large-scale offshore wind projects have been proposed along the East Coast, and there is also interest in wave energy off the West Coast and the Pacific islands. The first offshore wind project in the U.S. sited off Rhode Island began full-scale operations in December 2016 marking an important milestone in harnessing a significant renewable energy resource. Ocean current and tidal energy are the other emerging sources. This course will take a multi-disciplinary approach to offshore energy analysis. We will discuss both renewable resources such as offshore wind, and conventional resources such as offshore oil and gas. We will also review case studies on the proposed Cape Wind project, the recently completed Block Island project, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. In addition, the course will discuss the ongoing National Ocean Policy initiative and its influence on offshore energy regulation and management. Course Prerequisites There are no prerequisites.

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Course Learning Objectives By the end of the course, students will be able to:

explain policies and regulations governing offshore energy in the U.S. discuss the economics of resource development and technological drivers for harnessing

the resources identify environmental impacts from energy production and describe scientific advances

in assessing and mitigating impacts recognize complex stakeholder perspectives on offshore energy exploration, production

and decommissioning analyze specific policy and technical challenges surrounding offshore energy and

propose policy options to decision makers Course Format This course will consist of 15 modules that will include lecture presentations, readings, analytical exercises, and online discussions, all of which will help integrate materials that you will be learning. The course will also engage documentaries, external websites and other media on offshore energy topics as appropriate. The final module will involve student presentations on the term paper topics. Course Materials There is no required textbook for the course. All the course readings will be made available on EReserves which can be acce sse d under the left navigation tab. Course Requirements Class Participation: Students are expected to complete all the assigned readings, and each one will be expected to actively participate in discussion boards. Assignments There will be six assignments in the course. Some assignments contain multiple parts. Please make sure to complete all parts of an assignment. All assignments will be due 11:59 pm ET of the day of submission.

The instructor will strive to grade the assignments within two weeks of the submission deadline and provide feedback via Blackboard.

1. Online Discussion Forums (100 points – see dates below) There will be four online discussion forums that students will be required to participate. The discussion questions will relate to the modules already covered in the course. Students will have six days to participate in the discussion forum after which the topic will be closed. Grading will be based on participation and the quality of engagement. Students are encouraged to use materials beyond the prescribed readings. Please make sure to properly reference the use of such materials.

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Each online discussion will carry 25 points.

Discussion forum timeline:

Discussion 1: January 30, closes February 5 Discussion 2: February 22, closes February 28 Discussion 3: March 15, closes March 26 Discussion 4: April 12, closes April 18

2. MarineCadastre Assignment (40 points) Available January 9 and due Jan 22 There are three parts to this assignment. Students will review Marinecadastre.gov mapping portal and based on the instructions provided, identify specific data layers to create two map, and a brief writeup. Submissions will be evaluated based on the requisite data layers identified in each of the maps and the writeup explaining the selection of specific data layers.

3. Seismic Survey Impact Assignment (40 points) Available February 27 and due Mar 14

This assignment is designed to provide a representative and simplified example of the calculations that are typically made to assess the potential impacts to marine mammals from the use of a sonar system. The students will calculate impact of an airgun source on two marine species: bottlenose dolphins and sperm whales.

4. News Item Presentation (40 points)

On a pre-arranged, randomly determined date, each student will locate a news item on offshore energy using one of the sources listed here, and prepare a 7-10 min presentation in VoiceThread (using PowerPoint format) on the news item. You should utilize the direct source as well as other related sources, such as any scientific paper or policy decisions/discussions on which the article is based, or other articles/materials that relate to the news item. These presentations will start from the third week of the class - January 23. Students will post the presentation within the course VoiceThread tool in Blackboard (https://blackboard.jhu.edu) available on the left menu within the course. A schedule of the presentations will be shared within Blackboard on the News Item Presentation wiki. The wiki includes instructions for posting the title and a PDF or link of your article. Your choice of the article is due to me via email (see Instructor contact information above) including the title and link or copy of the article by 11:59 PM ET the Monday before the presentation. Once approved, you will post the title and upload a copy of the article on the wiki page. Your article should preferably have been published within the last 3 years. Presentations will be evaluated based on the following metrics: clarity (which includes organization) [8 points], timing

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(keep it to ten minutes) [4 points], demonstrated knowledge of the topic [24 points], and ability to engage class with materials and presentation [4 points]. News article presentation resources Energy + Environmental Policy Databases @ Johns Hopkins Libraries http://databases.library.jhu.edu/databases/subject/energy-environmental-policy

Environmental News Network http://www.enn.com/

Forbes http://www.forbes.com/

Google News http://news.google.com/

National Geographic http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/archives/energy/

New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/

Marine Cadastre (In the News) http://marinecadastre.gov/news/

Science Daily http://www.sciencedaily.com/ 5. Stakeholder Position Paper (50 points)

(2-4 pages, double spaced, 12 pt font size) Students will be randomly assigned a stakeholder identity (e.g. fishing community, energy developer etc.) in Week 4 of the course, January 30 (Stakeholder Assignments will be posted within the Assignment Guidelines section of Blackboard) Based on the stakeholder identity, students will prepare a position paper to communicate stakeholder equity, interests and opinions on technical and policy issues regarding a hypothetical offshore energy development scenario that will be presented by the instructor. The paper will be due via Blackboard Wednesday March 8. After the submission, students will be expected to participate in an online forum to discuss the assignment. The discussion forum will open on the Blackboard from March 8 – March 15. 6. Final Term Paper and Presentation (130 points) [Term Paper: 100 pts; Presentation 30

pts]

(12-15 pages, double spaced, 12 pt font size) Students will prepare a term paper on an offshore energy topic. This paper is an opportunity for students to explore in-depth a policy, science or technology issue of interest. Students can assume the role of a policy maker, and use the paper to advocate for a specific policy or technical approach. The goal is to prepare a final report of 10-15 double-spaced pages exclusive of abstract, references and appendices. Students will follow these steps:

A. Term Paper Topic Proposal Submit a brief (1-paragraph) topic proposal identifying a problem/issue that will be analyzed in the term paper to the instructor for approval by Sunday, January 29

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B. Term Paper Outline Create a full outline of the term paper and submit it to the instructor by Sunday, March 5.

C. Final Term Paper will be due in Blackboard in PDF format on Friday, April 28. D. PowerPoint Presentation (30 points)

Based on the term paper, students will present their research and finding to the class via a PowerPoint presentation. These presentations should be uploaded on the Blackboard using VoiceThread by Sunday April 30 for the class to access and reviews. We will explore the option of students presenting via live Adobe Connect session.

Grading Online Discussions (4 @25 points each) 100 points MarineCadastre Assignment 40 points Seismic Survey Impact Assignment 40 points News Topic Presentation 40 points Stakeholder Position Paper 50 points Final Term Paper 100 points Final Term Paper Presentation 30 points

Total 400 points The following grading scale will be used in this class (the JHU-AAP grading scale): 98–100% A+ 94–97.9% A 90–93.9% A- 88–89.9% B+ 84–87.9% B 80–83.9% B- 70–79.9% C <70% F Extra credit will not be available. Course etiquette Students are expected to behave professionally and be respectful of the learning process during the course. Communication in discussion groups with classmates and any communication with the instructor should be conducted in a professional manner. Emailing the course instructor or fellow students is not the same as sending text messages to your friends. Please follow proper format (salutation, text with proper grammar, and closure) in all your correspondence. Feel free to reach out to me and other resources available in the program for assistance. As your instructor, I want to ensure you have all the assistance available to make the most out of this course.

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Late Assignment Policy If a student is unable to complete an assignment on time, please contact the instructor immediately. Points will be deducted from the assignments submitted after due date without prior approval from the instructor. Three (3) points will be subtracted from the assignment grade for every day an assignment is turned in after the due date.

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Readings Instructor will make reading available via Blackboard. Any changes and updates to the reading list will be communicated via email and Blackboard to the class.

Relevant Websites

http://www.boem.gov/ Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

http://boemoceaninfo.com/ Final Programmatic EIS for 2017-2022 OCS Oil and gas leasing program

http://www.bsee.gov/ Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement

http://dwwind.com/project/block-island-wind-farm/ Block Island Wind Farm

http://www.capewind.org/ Cape Wind Offshore Wind Project

http://www.eia.gov/ U.S. Energy Information Administration

http://www.energy.gov/ U.S. Department of Energy

http://www.iea.org/ International Energy Agency

http://www.noaa.gov/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

http://www.onrr.gov/ Office of Natural Resources Revenue

https://useiti.doi.gov/ U.S. Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

http://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (Smithsonian Portal)

Databases, Mapping Tools and Knowledge Management Systems

http://mhk.pnl.gov/ Tethys (DOE)

http://marinecadastre.gov/ Marine Cadastre

http://www.osti.gov/ Office of Science and Technical Information (DOE)

https://marinecadastre.gov/espis/#/ BOEM Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS)

http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/ Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary Instructor will provide additional web links and materials through the course.

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Course Topics, Activities and Schedule Note: This schedule is subject to change, and changes will be provided via an Announcement, with at least one week’s advanced notice.

January 9 (Week 1): Introduction to offshore energy, course outline, assignments and grading

Course introduction Offshore Energy: Introduction and history

o Conventional resources: oil and gas o Renewable resources: offshore wind, wave, tidal, ocean current, OTEC, osmotic

power, and marine biomass Units and Metrics – Oil, gas and electricity Maritime boundaries – State, federal and international waters

January 16 (Week 2): State, Federal and International Regulatory Framework

Ocean and Great Lakes as a common resource Federal-state jurisdictional framework and implications on offshore energy development Offshore oil & gas

o Regulatory framework history and evolution o Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) and amendments

Offshore renewable energy o BOEM offshore wind intergovernmental task force and leasing framework o Transmission line ‘right of way’

● International Regulatory Framework o UNCLOS Article 82 and Deep Seabed Mining

MarineCadastre.gov Assignment – (due Sunday, January 22)

January 23 (Week 3): Resource Assessment and Exploration Oil and gas formation and classification Offshore oil and gas resource exploration: seismic survey and other techniques Offshore wind power resource assessment methodologies US offshore wind resource assessments

News article presentations 1 and 2 Final Paper Topic Proposal (due Sunday, January 29)

January 30 (Week 4): Extraction, Production, Transportation and Decommissioning

Oil and gas drilling and production o Shallow, deepwater and ultra-deep water drilling

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o Offshore Arctic oil and gas drilling and production o Oil and gas pipelines – Gulf of Mexico and California o Decommissioning regulations and requirements

Offshore wind installation and decommissioning o Wind turbine foundation types o Transmission cable installation o Offshore electrical transmission o Decommissioning

Levalized Cost of Energy (LCOE)

Stakeholder Position Paper Exercise (Due Wednesday, March 8) Online Discussion 1: Begins Jan 30/closes Feb 5 News article presentations 3 and 4

February 6 (Week 5): Offshore Oil & Gas Leasing Framework, Fair Market Value Determination and Economics of Resource Development

Developing the 5-year offshore oil and gas program Planning for specific lease sale and lease terms Current leases on the U.S. OCS Project timeline: from leasing to production Bid adequacy and fair market valuation Economics of offshore oil development Crude oil export from the US – historical restrictions and current trends News article presentations 5 and 6

February 13 (Week 6): Offshore wind and marine minerals (sand and gravel) leasing frameworks

Offshore wind power leasing process – Stages of offshore wind authorization Offshore wind competitive lease sale auction and lease terms Transmission cable right of way Sand & gravel leasing through cooperative agreements

News article presentations 7 & 8 February 20 (Week 7): Environmental Impacts

Oil and gas o Drilling and production impacts – air and water emissions o Impact mitigation measures

Offshore wind power o Installation and electricity generation impacts o Monitoring and mitigation strategies

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News article presentations 9 & 10 Online Discussion 2 – Begins Feb 22/closes Feb 28

February 27 (Week 8): Seismic Surveys for Resource Exploration

Noise sources in the ocean Underwater acoustics – introduction Impacts from seismic surveys for oil and gas exploration

News article presentations 11 & 12 Term Paper Outline (due Sunday, March 5)

March 6 (Week 9): Cape Wind and Block Island Offshore Wind Projects

Cape Wind Project – history, permitting and financing Block Island Project – proposal, permitting, construction and operation Cape Wind vs. Block Island offshore wind projects Multimedia: Cape Spin! An American Power Struggle (Documentary)

News article presentations 13 & 14 Stakeholder Position Paper (due Wednesday, March 8) Stakeholder Position Paper discussion (March 8 through March 15) Seismic Survey Assignment (due Tuesday, March 14)

March 13 (Week 10): Regional Electricity Markets and Renewable Integration

Regional Interconnections (PJM ISO, NY ISO) Electricity Market Pricing: Least Cost Dispatch and Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) Planning for Reliability and Transmission Expansion

News article presentations 15 & 16 Online Discussion 3- Begins Mar 15/closes Mar 26

Week 11 (March 20): Spring Break

March 27 (Week 12): Deepwater Horizon Incident

Unfolding of events and Deepwater Horizon rig explosion The aftermath Damage assessment, litigation and settlement Implications on regulatory and environmental assessment practices

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News article presentations 17 & 18 April 3 (Week 13): National Ocean Policy and Marine Planning

Ocean policy evolution in the US Formulation of first National Ocean Policy (NOP) NOP goals and objectives Marine Planning initiatives – focus on Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Multimedia –Ocean Frontier II (Documentary) Multimedia – Video: United States Ocean Plans, Maine to Virginia News article presentations 19 & 20

April 10 (Week 14): Offshore Energy in a Carbon Constraint Future

Climate change implications of offshore hydrocarbon production, and mitigation potential of offshore renewables

Role of offshore renewable energy in carbon constraint future Online Discussion 4 – Begin Apr 12/closes Apr 18

April 17 (Week 15): Course Synthesis

April 24 (Week 16) Student Presentations and Discussion

Final Paper Due Friday, April 28 Final Paper Presentation Due Sunday, April 30. We will explore the option of students

presenting via live Adobe Connect session

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Course Readings

Note: Readings and handouts will be provided via Blackboard at least a week in advance. Readings in the list are subject to change. Jan 9 (Week 1) Introduction to offshore energy, course outline, assignments and grading 1. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). Offshore Renewable Energy Guide.

https://www.boem.gov/Offshore-Renewable-Energy-Guide/

2. Appiott, J., Dhanju, A. and Cicin-Sain, B. (2014). Encouraging renewable energy in the offshore environment. Ocean & Coastal Management, 90:58-64.

3. Dhanju, A., Golmen, L., Araghi, P.E. and Harris, P. (2016). Chapter 22: Other Marine-Based

Energy Industries, in United Nations (UN) first global integrated marine assessment. http://www.un.org/depts/los/global_reporting/WOA_RegProcess.htm

4. National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011). Deepwater: The Gulf of Mexico Oil disaster and the future of offshore drilling. Available at http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-OILCOMMISSION/pdf/GPO-OILCOMMISSION.pdf (Read chapter 2: “Each oil well has its own personality” pages: 21-53).

Jan 16 (Week 2): State, Federal and International Regulatory Framework

Offshore oil & gas leasing framework 1. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2005). Overview of U.S. legislation and

regulations affecting offshore natural gas and oil activity. http://www.eia.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/feature_articles/2005/offshore/offshore.pdf (Read pg. 1-13)

2. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) (November 2016). Appendix J: Federal laws and executive orders, in 2017-2022 OCS Oil and Gas Leasing program final programmatic EIS. Available at http://boemoceaninfo.com/u/fpeis/fpeis_volume2.pdf (Read J-3 to J-19)

Offshore renewable energy leasing framework 1. Vann, A. (2012). Wind energy: Offshore permitting. Congressional Research Service

(CRS), Report number R40175, October 17, 2012. Available at https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40175.pdf

2. BOEM Offshore Renewable Energy State Activities http://www.boem.gov/Renewable-Energy-State-Activities/ (Browse through various state activities on this page)

● International Regulatory Framework 1. Ribeiro, M. C. (2013). What is the Area and the International Seabed Authority? Institut

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océanographique de Monaco. Available at http://www.institut-ocean.org/images/articles/documents/1367593542.pdf Additional Readings 1. Hagerty, C. L. (2011). Outer continental shelf moratoria on oil and gas development.

Congressional Research Service (CRS), Report number R41132, May 6, 2011. Available at https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41132.pdf

2. BOEM/FERC guidelines on regulation of marine and hydrokinetic energy projects on the OCS, July 19, 2012. http://www.boem.gov/BOEM-FERC-staff-guidelines/

January 23 (Week 3): Resource Assessment and Exploration

Offshore oil and gas 1. Petroleum resources classification system and definitions. Society of Petroleum Engineers.

Available at http://www.spe.org/industry/petroleum-resources-classification-system-definitions.php

2. Hyne, N.J. (2012). Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling & Production (3rd ed.). Tulsa, OK: PennWell Corporation. (Read: Introduction; Skim Chapter 9 pg. 113-124; and Read Chapter 13 pg. 211-236)

3. National Petroleum Council (NPC) (2011). Offshore environmental management of seismic and other geophysical exploration work. Working document of the NPC North American Resource Development Study. (Read section on Non-Seismic Methods pg. 17-18; skim section on Marine Seismic methods pg. 9-16) https://www.npc.org/Prudent_Development-Topic_Papers/2-9_Env_Management_of_Seismic_and_Geo_Expl_Paper.pdf

Offshore wind power 1. Manwell, J.F., Mcgowan, J.G. and Rogers, A.L. (2009). Wind energy explained: Theory,

design and application (2nd ed.). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons. (Read: Chapter 2 pg. 76-83)

2. Sheridan, B., Baker. S. D., Pearre, N.S., Firestone, J. and Kempton, W. (2012). Calculating the offshore wind power resource: Robust assessment methods applied to the U.S. Atlantic Coast. Renewable Energy, 43:224-233.

Additional Readings: 1. Dhanju, A., Whitaker, P. and Kempton, W. (2008). Assessing offshore wind resources: An

accessible methodology, Renewable Energy, 33(1), 55-64.

2. Schwartz, M., Heimiller, D., Haymes, S. and Musial, W. (2010). Assessment of offshore wind energy resources for the United States. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Technical report NREL/TP-500-45889. Read pages 1-13. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/45889.pdf

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January 30 (Week 4): Drilling, Production/Generation, Transportation and Decommissioning

Offshore Oil and gas drilling, production, transportation and decommissioning 1. Leffler, W. L., Pattarozzi, R., and Sterling, G. (2011). Deepwater petroleum exploration

& production: A nontechnical guide (2nd ed.). Tulsa, OK: PennWell Corporation. (Read Chapters 5, 6, 7 & 12)

2. Decommissioning Offshore Platforms http://www.bsee.gov/Exploration-and-Production/Decomissioning/index/ (Browse through the page, including under ‘Related Link(s)– FAQs, Idle Iron, Reef in Place and Statistics)

Offshore wind installation and decommissioning 1. Thomsen, K. E. (2014). Offshore wind: A comprehensive guide to successful offshore

wind farm installation. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. Available as e-book from JH library. (Read Chapters 1, 15 & 18 - section on ‘Decommissioning of Wind Turbines’)

February 6 (Week 5): Offshore Oil & Gas Leasing Framework, Fair Market Value Determination and Economics of Resource Development

1. BOEM 2017-2022 Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Proposed Final Program (https://www.boem.gov/2017-2022-OCS-Oil-and-Gas-Leasing-PFP/)

[Read Sections: 1.3: Program Development Process (Pg. 1-9 to 1-12); 1.5: Lease Sale Process (Pg. 1-15 to 1-16); 1.6: Exploration and Development Process (Pg 1-16 to 1-17); 4.2: Gulf of Mexico Program Area History (pg 4-6 to 4-10); and 10.3.2: Fiscal and Lease Terms (Pg. 10-19 to 10-23)]

2. BOEM Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for 2017-2022

Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing, Nov 2016. http://boemoceaninfo.com/u/fpeis/fpeis_volume1.pdf (Read ‘Summary Chapter’ S1-S10).

3. Frequently Asked Questions – Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the 2017-2022 Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing program. http://boemoceaninfo.com/u/resources/faq_boi.pdf 4. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). Oil and gas leasing on the Outer Continental Shelf. http://www.boem.gov/uploadedFiles/BOEM/Oil_and_Gas_Energy_Program/Leasing/5BOEMRE_Leasing101.pdf

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5. Review BOEM webpage on ‘Fair Market Value Determination’, http://www.boem.gov/Fair-Market-Value-Determination/

(Review the webpage, specifically link on ‘BOEM Energy Economics Fair Market Value Determination)

6. Review BOEM Final Notice of Sale Package for oil and gas lease sale 235. http://www.boem.gov/Final-NOS-235-Package/ (Skim through pages 12-15 and 19-27)

February 13 (Week 6): Offshore wind and marine minerals (sand and gravel) leasing frameworks

Offshore Wind Power: 1. BOEM: A Citizen’s Guide to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s Renewable

Energy Authorization Process (December 2016).

2. BOEM Renewable Energy Program https://www.boem.gov/BOEM-RE-Programs-Fact-Sheet/

3. Wind Energy Commercial Leasing Process (BOEM Fact Sheet) https://www.boem.gov/Commercial-Leasing-Process-Fact-Sheet/

4. BOEM Outer Continental Shelf: Renewable Energy Leases Map Book, December 2016 https://www.boem.gov/Renewable-Energy-Leases-Map-Book/

5. BOEM Renewable Energy Programs. https://www.boem.gov/Renewable-Energy/ (Read program page and explore links on the page)

Marine Minerals Program (Sand and Gravel):

1. Marine Minerals Program (browse and explore links in the program webpage) https://www.boem.gov/Marine-Minerals-Program/

2. Marine Minerals Program Fact Sheet https://www.boem.gov/MMP-General-Fact-Sheet/

3. Atlantic Sand Assessment Project https://www.boem.gov/Marine-Minerals-Program-offshore-sand-resources/

February 20 (Week 7) Environmental Impacts

Offshore Oil and Gas 1. OSPAR Commission (2009). Assessment of impacts of offshore oil and gas activities in

the North-East Atlantic http://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/p00453_OA3-BA5_ASSESSMENT.pdf

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(Read section 2.2: Pressures on the marine environment from oil and gas activities pages 13-17)

2. Minerals Management Service (MMS) (2010). Notice to lessees and operators of federal oil, gas, and sulphur leases and pipeline right-of-way holders, outer continental shelf, Gulf of Mexico OCS region. NTL No. 2009-G40. Available at https://www.boem.gov/Regulations/Notices-To-Lessees/2009/09-G40.aspx (Read pages 1-4)

Offshore Wind Power 1. OSPAR Commission (2008). Assessment of environmental impacts of offshore wind

farms http://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/p00385_Wind-farms_assessment_final.pdf (Review table 3 in section 4: What are the problems? Pages 14-15)

2. Bergström et al. (2014). Effects of offshore wind farms on marine wildlife — a generalized impact assessment. Environmental Research Letters 9. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034012

3. Offshore wind farms and the environment: Danish experiences from Horns Rev and Nysted. http://ec.europa.eu/ourcoast/download.cfm?fileID=978 (Read pages 14 - 42)

Additional Readings

1. Bailey, H., Brookes, K. L. and Thompson, P. M. (2014). Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future. Aquatic Biosystems, 10:8.

2. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) (July 2012). OCS oil and gas leasing program final programmatic EIS, Appendix B: Assumed mitigation and other protective measures. http://www.boem.gov/uploadedFiles/BOEM/Oil_and_Gas_Energy_Program/Leasing/Five_Year_Program/2012-2017_Five_Year_Program/B_Mitigation.pdf

February 27 (Week 8): Seismic Surveys for Resource Exploration

1. Access Audio and Videos galleries on the Discovery of Sound in the Sea (DOSITS)

2. Skim Paper titled: “Multivariate analysis of behavioral response experiments in humpback whales”

http://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/5/759.full.pdf+html

This will give you an idea of the efforts that scientist must go through to begin to

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understand the behavior effects of sound on marine mammals.

3. Skim Paper on Masking:

Acoustics Masking in Marine Mammals: A Review and Research Strategy (2015).

This is a relatively long (> 50 pages) overview paper on the masking of signals by one of the experts in the field. The intent is for the student to skim over the material and see the

complexity of the issue.

Other sites to check out:

Joint Industry Program (JIP) http://www.soundandmarinelife.org/ Discovery of Sound in the Sea (DOSITS) http://dosits.org/ SEA, Inc. http://sea-inc.net/ Cornell University Bio-acoustic Research Program http://www.birds.cornell.edu/page.aspx?pid=2713#

March 6 (Week 9): Cape Wind and Block Island Offshore Wind Projects

1. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). Cape Wind. http://www.boem.gov/Renewable-Energy-Program/Studies/Cape-Wind.aspx (Browse various links on the page)

2. Minerals Management Service (MMS) (January 2009). Cape Wind Energy Project: Final environmental impact statement. OCS Publication No. 2208-040. Available at http://www.boem.gov/uploadedFiles/BOEM/Renewable_Energy_Program/Studies/Cape%20Wind%20Energy%20Project%20FEIS.pdf (Read Section 2: Description of Proposed Action pages 2-1 to 2-32)

3. Schumann, S. et al. (January 2016). The Rhode Island Ocean Special Area Management Plan, 2008 – 2015: From Inception through Implementation. www.crc.uri.edu/download/OceanSAMPImplCaseStudy_FIN.pdf (Read pages 1-26)

4. Firestone, J., Kempton, W., Lilley, M. B., and Samoteskul, K. (2012). Public acceptance of offshore wind power across regions and through time. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 55(10):1369-1386.

5. Gee, K. (2010). Offshore wind power development as affected by seascape values on the German North Sea coast. Land Use Policy, 27:185-194.

6. Multimedia: Cape Spin! An American Power Struggle (Documentary)

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March 13 (Week 10): Regional Electricity Markets and Renewable Integration

1. PJM Renewable Integration Study, Executive Summary http://www.pjm.com/~/media/committees-groups/subcommittees/irs/postings/pris-executive-summary.ashx

2. Recent two-part study from UD/Princeton w/ help from PJM “The Challenge of Integrating Offshore Wind Power in the U.S. Electric Grid: Wind Forecast Error,” by Cristina Archer, H. P. Simao, Willett Kempton, Warren Powell and M. J. Dvorak.

“The Challenge of Integrating Offshore Wind Power in the U.S. Electric Grid: Simulation of Electricity Market Operations,” by H.P. Simao, Warren Powell, Cristina Archer and Willett Kempton.

3. PJM Interconnection: Model of a Smooth Operator.

http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/the-smarter-grid/pjm-interconnection-model-of-a- smooth-operator

Week 11 (March 20): Spring Break

March 27 (Week 12): Deepwater Horizon Incident 1. National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling

(2011). Deepwater: The Gulf oil disaster and the future of oil drilling. Report to the President. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-OILCOMMISSION/pdf/GPO-OILCOMMISSION.pdf (Read Chapters 4, 5 & 6 pages 87-195)

2. Lilley, J. and Firestone, J (2013). The effect of the gulf oil spill on public attitudes toward offshore oil drilling and wind development, Energy Policy, 62: 90-98 (2013).

April 3 (Week 13): National Ocean Policy and Marine Planning

1. White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) (2010). Final recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy task force 2010. (Read Executive Summary, pages 1-9)

2. Northeast Ocean Plan (2016). http://neoceanplanning.org/plan/

(Read Introduction, Chap 1 & 2, pg. 1-29)

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3. Mid-Atlantic Ocean Action Plan (2016). https://www.boem.gov/MidARegionalOceanActionPlan_November2016/ (Read Chapter 1, pg. 1-27)

4. Browse Northeast ocean data portal (https://www.northeastoceandata.org/) and Mid-Atlantic ocean data portal (http://portal.midatlanticocean.org/portal/)

5. Browse the West Coast (http://www.westcoastmarineplanning.org/) and the Pacific Islands Regional Planning Body (https://pacificislandsrpb.org/) webpages

6. Multimedia –Ocean Frontier II (Documentary)

7. Multimedia: – Video: United States Ocean Plans, Maine to Virginia http://keeptheoceanworking.com/video-united-states-ocean-plans-maine-to-virginia/

April 10 (Week 14): Offshore Energy in a Carbon Constraint Future 1. The Solutions Project: thesolutionsproject.org

2. Oil-Climate Index: oci.carnegieendowment.org

3. Jacobson, M. et al. (2015). 100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy roadmaps for the 50 United States. Energy & Environmental Science. DOI: 10.1039/c5ee01283j

4. Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation (June 2011). UK Houses of Parliament, Postnote Update, No. 383. Available at https://www.parliament.uk/documents/post/postpn_383-carbon-footprint-electricity-generation.pdf

April 17 (Week 15): Course Synthesis

April 24 (Week 16): Student Presentations and Discussion

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UNIVERSITY POLICIES

General This course adheres to all University policies described in the academic catalog. Please pay close attention to the following policies:

Students with Disabilities Johns Hopkins University is committed to providing reasonable and appropriate accommodations to students with disabilities. Students with documented disabilities should contact the coordinator listed on the Disability Accommodations page. Further information and a link to the Student Request for Accommodation form can also be found on the Disability Accommodations page.

Ethics & Plagiarism JHU Ethics Statement: The strength of the university depends on academic and personal integrity. In this course, you must be honest and truthful. Ethical violations include cheating on exams, plagiarism, reuse of assignments, improper use of the Internet and electronic devices, unauthorized collaboration, alteration of graded assignments, forgery and falsification, lying, facilitating academic dishonesty, and unfair competition. Report any violations you witness to the instructor.

Read and adhere to JHU’s Notice on Plagiarism.

Dropping the Course You are responsible for understanding the university’s policies and procedures regarding withdrawing from courses found in the current catalog. You should be aware of the current deadlines according to the Academic Calendar.

Getting Help You have a variety of methods to get help. Please consult the help listed in the "Blackboard Help" link in the online classroom for important information. If you encounter technical difficulty in completing or submitting any online assessment, please immediately contact the designated help desk listed on the AAP online support page. Also, contact your instructor at the email address listed atop this syllabus.

Copyright Policy: All course material are the property of JHU and are to be used for the student's individual academic purpose only. Any dissemination, copying, reproducing, modification, displaying, or transmitting of any course material content for any other purpose is prohibited, will be considered misconduct under the JHU Copyright Compliance Policy https://www.jhu.edu/assets/uploads/2016/11/compliance_policy.pdf, and may be cause for disciplinary action. In addition, encouraging academic dishonesty or cheating by distributing information about course materials or assignments which would give an unfair advantage to others may violate AAP’s Code of Conduct http://advanced.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/AAP1101_CodeofConduct.pdf and the University’s Student Conduct Code http://studentaffairs.jhu.edu/policies/student-code/. Specifically, recordings, course materials, and lecture notes may not be exchanged or distributed for commercial purposes, for compensation, or for any purpose other than use by students enrolled in the class. Other distributions of such materials by students may be deemed to violate the above University policies and be subject to disciplinary action.

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