usa - an analysis

7/31/2019 USA - An Analysis

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USA AN ANALYSIS

Abimanyu N N

Jeremiah

Meenakshi

Santra H R

Surya

Hannah Gracelyn


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US HISTORY

12,000 B.C. Reliable evidence of early life

in North America

3,000 B.C. Primitive type of corn grown

600 B.C. Adenans First Native American Mounds Various shapes

500 B.C. Hopewellians disappeared Great

Traders

Complex hierarchical societies Humansacrifice

Population of Native Americans at the time of

European arrival 2 to 18 million


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US HISTORY

Native American Culture

Extraordinarily diverse

Hunting, gathering and cultivation of maize

Men Hunting and warring Women Farming and food distribution

Children More freedom and tolerance

Native American culture primarily oral

Value for tales and dreams


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US HISTORY

Arrival of Europeans

985 Norse people from Greenland

1497 Christopher Columbus landed

1502 John Cabot British claims 1522 Spain conquer Mexico

1585 Raleigh established first British

colony But abandoned

1607 Successful colony at Jamestown 1609Dutchmens presence DEIC

1624 Jacques Cartier French claims

1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony


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US HISTORY

1619 First African Slaves

1660s Demand for more slaves due to

plantations

1689 English Bill of Rights & TolerationAct

1730 Great Awakening

1745 22 newspapers in British NA

1775 American population more than 2.5million


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US HISTORY

Stamp Act Revenue stamps on all kinds of

documents. E.g. Newspapers, pamphlets

1765 Townshend Act Taxes imposed on

goods legal

1773 Boston Tea Party

July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence

April 15, 1783 Congress approved final

treaty September 3 Treaty of Paris


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US HISTORY

March 4, 1789 Formation of new government

April 30, 1789 George Washington took the

oath of office

1797 John Adams succeeded Washington 1798Jeffersons first term

1805Jeffersons second term

1809 James Madison succeeded Jefferson

1817-1825Monroes Presidency Era ofgood feelings

1840sAmerican womens rights movement


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US HISTORY

1850 Territory comprised of 31 states

1860 4 million slaves in 15 states

1852Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle

Toms Cabin Cruelty of slavery November 1860 Lincoln as President

April 12,1861 American Civil War

Confederates (North) vs. Union (South)

April 9,1865 Civil War over April 15,1865 Lincoln assassinated


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US HISTORY

Technology

1844 Morse Electrical telegraphy

1867 Typewriter

1876 Graham Bell Telephone 1886 Linotype composing machine

1888 Adding Machine

1897 Cash Register

1901 United States Steel Corporation

Standard Oil Company John D. Rockfeller


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US HISTORY

April 2,1917 World War I - Declaration of

war

Nov 11,1918 German surrender

Oct 1929 Great Depression Stock Market

Crash

1932 Herbert Hoover dilemma

1933 F.D. Roosevelt New Deal


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US HISTORY

New Deal I

Banking & Finance FDIC

Unemployment Tennessee Valley Authority

Agriculture Agriculture Adjustment Act

Industry & Labor National Recovery

Administration 1933

New Deal II

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) Social Security Act of 1935

National Labor Relations Act, Wealth Tax Act

Public Utility Holding Company Act and

Banking Act


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US HISTORY

August 1941 Atlantic Charter

Aug 6,1945 Hiroshima Bomb

Aug 9,1945 Nagasaki Bomb

Sept 2,1945 Japan surrendered Cold War Issues

1953 Eisenhower First Republican

President

1955 Rosa Parks issue Rise of Martin Luther King Jr.

Civil Rights Act 1957 Voting

Civil Rights Movement 1960-1980


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US HISTORY

1960 President John F. Kennedy

Ending recession

Cuban Missile Crisis 1942

Limited Test Ban Treaty 1943 Space Program Explorer I 1958

July 20,1969 Neil Armstrong First

Human on moon

Nov 22,1963 JFK Assassination War in Vietnam

Invasion of Cambodia 1970

End of Vietnam war - 1975


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US HISTORY

1976 President Jimmy Carter

Inflation 10%

Lack of effective energy policy

1980 President Ronald Reagan Recession of 1980s

1989 President George H.W. Bush

1990 End of Cold War

Gulf WarIraqs Invasion of Kuwait

Nov 3 Bill Clinton President

September 11,2001 Terror Attack on WTC


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National Flag


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Joe Biden

Barack Obama

President

Vice President


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DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS

Capital-Washington, D.C.

Largest city -New York City

No. of states-50

Federal District-1 National language -English

Government-Federal presidentialconstitutional republic


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Total resident population of 314,440,000.

Third most populous country

Urbanized population, with 82% residing

in cities California and Texas are the most

populous states

New York City is the most populous city in

the United States.


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Rank Core city Metro area

population

1 New York City 19,015,900

2 Los Angeles 12,944,801

3 Chicago 9,504,753

4 Dallas 6,526,5485 Houston 6,086,538

6 Philadelphia 5,992,414

7 Washington, D.C. 5,703,948

8 Miami 5,670,125

9 Atlanta 5,359,205

10 Boston 4,591,112

MAJOR CITIES


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POPULATION

Females -155.6 million

Males -151.4 million

People under 20 years of age made up

over a quarter of the U.S. population(27.3%)

People age 65 and over made up one-

eighth (12.8%)

The national median age was 36.8 years Population growth rate-0.963%


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Whites constitute the majority of the U.S.

population.

The most densely populated state is New

Jersey

United States had 51 metropolitan

250 million Americans live in or around

urban areas


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RELIGION


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LANGUAGES

Main Language Percentage

English 82.1

Spanish 10.7Other Indo-

European

3.8

Asian and Pacific

island

2.7

Other languages 0.7

S.No. Main immigrantlanguage

1 Spanish

2 Chinese

3 French

4 German

5 Tagalog

6 Vietnamese

7 Italian

Main languages Immigrant languages


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INCOME

Region Median Household

Income

U.S. $50,054

Northeast $53,864

Midwest $48,722South $46,899

West $52,376


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GEERT HOFSTEDEs

CULTURALDIMENSIONS FOR

USA


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POWER DISTANCE

Score 40 - Emphasizing American premise of liberty

and justice for all

Hierarchy is established for convenience

Superiors are always accessible Communication is informal, direct and participative


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INDIVIDUALISM VS COLLECTIVISM

Score 91 loosely-knit society

High degree of geographical mobility

Accustomed to doing business with strangers

Employees are expected to be self-reliant and displayinitiative

Hiring & Promotion - Based on merit or evidence of what

one has done or can do


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MASCULINITY VS FEMININITY

Score 62 - Masculine society

Behavior is based on the shared values -

strive to be the best they can be & the

winner takes all

Americans freely talk about their

successes and achievements in life

Live to work Focus on monetary rewards

and high status


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UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE

Score 46 - uncertainty accepting

Larger degree of acceptance for

new ideas, innovative products and

a willingness to try something new

Americans tend to be more tolerant

of ideas or opinions from anyone

Allow the freedom of expression

Dont require a lot of rules

Less emotionally expressive


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LONG-TERM VS SHORT-TERM

ORIENTATION

Score 29 short-term oriented culture

Culture focused on traditions and fulfilling

social obligations

They measure their performance on a

short-term basis

Profit and loss statements are issued on a

quarterly basis

Strive for quick results within the work

place


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COMPARISON BETWEEN US

AND MEXICO


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AMERICAN BEHAVIOUR

Generally, Americans are very polite, friendly

and helpful, but have no patience with

interference in their private lives.

You may find it difficult to discuss everything

with an American friend, at least, when you

are getting to know each other.


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AMERICAN BEHAVIOUR

Exercising is important, and they usually go for

aerobics, swimming, tennis or a jog a few times

during the week.

Dont be surprised if complete strangers greet you.

Be polite and greet them back.

They are particular about theirleisure time, health

and hygiene.


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US FESTIVALS AND HOLIDAYS

List of US holidays

Date Holiday Name

1st January New Year's Day

20th January Inauguration Day

3rd Monday in January Martin Luther King Jr Day

3rd Monday in February Presidents' Day/Washington'sBirthday

Last Monday in May Memorial Day

4th July Independence Day

1st Monday in September Labor Day

2nd Monday in October Columbus Day

11th November Veterans' Day

4th Thursday in November Thanksgiving

25 December Christmas Day


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SPORTS AND GAMES


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POPULAR AMERICAN PHRASES

I hate that show-off, alwaysshooting her mouth off

- Shes talking too much

After dinner the old man would justhit the sack

- Go to sleep

I think I goofedit up again!!

- Embarrassing mistake

Act your age

- Behave maturely

Aint that the truth

- I agree, Aint means it is not


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Beats me

- I cannot figure out

Cut it out

- Stop doing that

Dont beat around the bush- Get to the important matter

Dig up

- Listen carefully

Hang in there

- Have patience things will work out


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Im all ears

- You have my attention

Its on me

- I will pay the bill

Lets talk turkey- Lets get down to business

Just give me the bottom line

- Dont bother me with lot of details

Thats it, in a nutshell

- Thats all there is to tell about something

Its walk in the park

- Its something thats easy to accomplish


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PARTIES IN AMERICA

Formal dinner party: The host prepares everything.

Casual get-together: The host prepares some food

and the guests can bring some too.

Potluck dinner/lunch/picnic: All the invited guests

bring one dish


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HALLOWEEN (OCTOBER 31ST)

This is the holiday that children like the most. Children carve

out the pumpkin and make scary faces. They also dress up in

costumes and walk around the neighbourhood asking for

candy. They first knock on the door and say Trick or Treat!


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GARAGE SALE

People in America dont throw out old

things.

Either give to others or sell them at a

cheap price.

Neighbours can look at the sign and

stop by the garage sale to buy things

they need at a cheap price.


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IM SORRY When do you say Im sorry? Americans say Im

sorry in 2 situations. First is when they do something

wrong. Second is when they hear a bad news from

others.


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ORDERING FOOD

When you order food at the restaurant it is okay to give detail

description of what you want to order. You can ask the

waiter/waitress to cook your food in any way you want. Its not

rude. When you are calling the waiter, you should make an eye

contact.


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TIME MANAGEMENT

Americans are very particular about

time-management. They come to

office early and leave on time. We

will rarely find them working late

hours, or on weekends. They have

their weekends pre-planned, and

value their privacy.
http://www.acclaimimages.com/usepolicy.html


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BUSINESS IN AMERICA


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The U. S. was founded on the work ethic that good,

honest, hard work is rewarded

Because of this work ethic, time is money andpunctuality is highly regarded

The culture and geographic location of an area will

influence how business is done

Traditionally, the East Coast is more conservative andformal in their dress and manners than the West Coast

The climate and lifestyle are more relaxed, which is

reflected in the pace and informality.


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ETIQUETTE FOR BUSINESS LUNCHES,

DINNERS PLACE SETTING


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SALARY PLANS

Paid vacations are

usually two weeks.

Other company benefits

include sick days and

personal days.


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RETIREMENT AGE

Americans usually retire

at the age of 65, but

may retire earlier if their

pension plans permit it.


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WORKING HOURS

Normal office timings go from 8

AM to 5 PM. You do need to

maintain a minimum of 8

hours per day or 40 hours

per week. Results matter more

than anything; you must be

able to deliver on demand.


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DOs & DONTs At work or elsewhere while talking, if you

want to say Yes, just say "YES". Don't

nod your head up and down. Moving

your head side to side is found to be

very confusing, and its mostly taken as

NO.

Never, ever talk in your native

language in presence of Americans

during a gathering.


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DOs & DONTs

When you are going to smoke, don't say "I am going out for a

fag".

Never ever ask for a rubber when you need an eraser. Here a

rubber means a "condom" !!

Don't call a black person a "Negro" or any thing else , it is

always good to call them "African Americans". Also never call

an "American Indian" as a "Red Indian", they get very

offended. You may call them as Native Americans or American

Indians.


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DOs & DONTs Don't say "The Phone was engaged", as engaged means

getting engaged. Instead say "There was a busy tone".

Don't say "I'll ring you back." or "I'll give you a ring later".Here ring is the engagement ring, rather say "I'll call you, or buzz

you".

Don't offer chewing gum, or a breath freshener to others. It

gives them a message that they have a bad breath. Your

intention may not be but it is easily mistaken.


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BUSINESS APPEARANCE

Business suit and tie are appropriate in all major cities.

Wear dark colored business suits.

For an important formal meeting, choose a white dress

shirt, for less formal a light blue shirt will do

Women should wear a suit or dress with jacket in major

cities.

Wearing classic clothing and classic colors of navy, gray,

ivory, and white will ensure you give a confident and

conservative appearance.


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BUSINESS APPEARANCE

Rural areas and areas with extremely

warm summers have more informal

wardrobe requirements.

Women may wear a business dress, or

skirt and blouse, in rural areas.

Men may conduct business without

wearing a jacket and/or tie in rural areas.


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BUSINESS APPEARANCE

Casual clothing is appropriate when not attending a workrelated meeting/dinner.

Clothing, whether formal or casual, should be clean and

neat in appearance.

Men may generally wear jeans or khaki pants with a shirtfor casual attire.

Women may wear comfortably fitting slacks with a

casual shirt. Wearing jeans or shorts, even in a casual

setting, may be inappropriate for the city.


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BUSINESS BEHAVIOR

Business conversation maytake place duringmeals. However, many times you will find more

social conversation taking place during the actual

meal.

Business meetings may be arranged as breakfastmeetings, luncheon meetings, or dinner meetings

depending on time schedules and necessity.

Generally a dinner, even though for business

purposes, is treated as a social meal and a time to

build rapport.


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BUSINESS BEHAVIOR

Gift giving is discouraged or limited by

many US companies. A gracious written

note is always appropriate and acceptable.

If you do give a gift, it should not appear

to be a bribe.

An invitation for a meal or a modest gift is

usually acceptable


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BUSINESS BEHAVIOR

If you are someplace with a line or queue,

go to the end and wait your turn.

Do not use or chew on a toothpick in

public.

Many public places and private homes do

not allow smoking. In some areas laws

have been passed to prevent smoking in

public places.


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COMMUNICATION

Offer a firm handshake, lasting 3-5 seconds, upon

greeting and leaving. Maintain good eye contact

during your handshake.

If you are meeting several people at once, maintain

eye contact with the person you are shaking handswith, until you are moving on the next person.

Good eye contact during business and social

conversations shows interest, sincerity and

confidence.


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COMMUNICATION

Business cards are generally exchanged

during introductions. However, they may

be exchanged when one party is leaving.

A smile is a sign of friendliness, and in

rural areas you may be greeted with a"hello" rather than a handshake.

Ask permission to smoke before lighting a

cigarette or cigar. Due to health concerns,

you may or may not be given permission


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National Context

KEY BUSINESS PRACTICES

AND INDUCED FACTORCONDITIONS

INSTITUTIONS

NATIONAL &BUSINESS

CULTURE

NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN HRM POLICIESRecruitment

SelectionTraining and Development

Performance AppraisalCompensation

Labor Relations


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HRTrends

andPracticesin theUSA

Legal

Environment

Staffing &Selection

Compensation

& Benefits


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THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

Employmentrelationship

Discriminationlegislation


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LEGAL CONDITIONS IN THE U.S.

The Employment RelationshipEquitable

Exchange

Employment Contract

Formal agreement, voluntary: Defines and

governs the terms and conditions of the

employment relationship; promises andexpectations change with time

Written or oral, both are legally enforceable


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STATUTORY LAWS

Civil Rights Act 1866

Right to make and enforce contracts for employment for all citizens as

enjoyed by white citizens.

Civil Rights Act of 1871

Right to sue if deprived of any rights or privileges guaranteed by the

Constitution and laws for ALL citizens. Must show intention.

Equal Pay Act 1963

Equal pay for equal work regardless of SEX (female employees only);

AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT


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AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT

ACT 1967

Amended 1986. Protects Employees and

applicants who are 40 years old and above (no

upper limit)

No mandatory retirement age (except law

enforcement officers, firefighters, tenured

professors, executive under certain conditions,

top policy makers)

US RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES


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US RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES

Open and public

0 10 20 30 40 50

Newspapers

Walk-ins

Employee Referrals

Promotion from Within

Universities

State Employment Service

Private Employment Service

Percent Recruited

Office/Clerical Production/Service Professional/Technical Sales

THE US APPROACH TO SELECTION


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THE US APPROACH TO SELECTION

Match skills and job

requirements

Universalistic

criteria

APPLICATION

INITIAL INTERVIEWS

EMPLOYMENT TESTS

REFERENCES CHECKS

PRELIMINARY SELECT OR

REJECT

FINAL INTERVIEWS

HIRING DECISION

TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT


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Type Countries Features and Sources of

Institutional Pressures

Company-Based

Voluntarism/

high labor

mobility

USA and the UK Lack of institutional pressures to

provide training. Companies

provide training based on own

cost-benefits.

TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT

SKILLS IMPARTED IN THE USA


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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Management

Computer

Technical

Procedures

Clerical

Sales

Remedial/Basic

SKILLS IMPARTED IN THE USA


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MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT: U.S.A

Senior level managers often identify managerialpotential

Appraisals of managerial readiness

Assessment centers

Mentoring

U S PERFORMANCE


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U.S. PERFORMANCEAPPRAISAL SYSTEM

Performance standards

Performance measures

Performance feedback Human resources decisions

Must meet legal requirements


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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT 1938

Minimum Wage $7.25/ hour

Lower for tipped employees (A tipped employee

engages in an occupation in which he or she customarily

and regularly receives more than $30 per month in tips.

An employer of a tipped employee is only required to pay

$2.13 per hour in direct wages)

Child Labor

Age 16no restrictions

Age 18hazardous occupations

Age 14-15limitations on hours


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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT 1938

Exempt vs Non-exempt Employees Exemptexecutive, administrative, professional, outside sales;

Employer does not have to pay overtime

Non-exemptmust be paid overtime

Overtime

Hours worked in excess of 40 hours must be compensated 1.5

times the regular rate of pay

Compensatory time off

Illegal in private sector unless given at 1.5 rate


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FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT 1993

Employers with more than 50 employees have to provide 12 weeks of

unpaid leave for family or medical emergencies.

Employer must guarantee the employee the same or a comparable job.

The employer must also pay the health-care coverage for the EE ---

which the EE has to be back if he/she fails to return to work. ERs are

allowed to exempt key employeesdefined as the highest paid 10% of

their work force whose leave would cause substantial economic harm to

the employer. Also exempt are EEs who have not worked at least 1,250hours (25 hrs a week) in the previous 12 months.


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High-energy, fast paced work

environment

Known for its informal culture

Favors ability over experience

Break rooms with free food & beverages

Sports, games, employee groups/clubs

Diversity of cultures at Google

Freedom to start individual projects


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Values

IBM Equal Opportunity

Diversity

Flexibility

Healthcare

Culture

Compensation & Benefits


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Innovation

Localization

Developing Global Talent

Leadership & Training

Working Environment

Nurturing Diversity

Volunteerism


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Move faster and take risks

Lead in advanced technologies and

quality in creating the worlds best

vehicles

Give employees more responsibility

and authority

Create positive, lasting relations with

customers, dealers, communities, union

partners and suppliers


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usa - an analysis

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