usda dairy goat genetic evaluation program

2003

George R. WiggansGeorge R. WiggansAnimal Improvement Programs LaboratoryAgricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, [email protected]

USDA Dairy Goat Genetic USDA Dairy Goat Genetic Evaluation ProgramEvaluation Program

mailto:[email protected]







ADGA 2003 (2) G.R. Wiggans200

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USDA Dairy Goat EvaluationsUSDA Dairy Goat Evaluations

Evaluations for milk, fat, protein, and type

Yield evaluations in July Type evaluations in December

Evaluations provided to ADGA, DRPC, and publicly via the Internet


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Data FlowData Flow

FARM

COMPONENT TEST LAB

DRPC

CenterData Sent to AIPL

DRMS – NC DailyDHI-Provo – UT DailyAgri-Tech – CA 2x/weekAgSource – WI WeeklyLangston - OK Monthly

AIPL

ADGA

INTERNET

Milk Data collected monthly

DHIA


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Does Contributing Data from Test Does Contributing Data from Test Day Nearest June 30Day Nearest June 30thth, 2003 , 2003

By Processing Center

Center Herds Does Percent of Does

DRMS 142 2529 35.0

DHI-Provo 162 2449 33.8

Agri-Tech 21 835 11.5

AgSource 26 727 10.0

Langston 90 694 9.6

Total 441 7234


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Alpine Milk ProductionAlpine Milk ProductionLactation CurveLactation Curve

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

DIM

Mil

k

Lactation 1

Lactation 2

Lactation 3


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Alpine Fat PercentageAlpine Fat PercentageLactation CurveLactation Curve

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

10 30 50 70 90 110130

150170

190210

230250

270290

DIM

Fat

Per

cen

tag

e

Lactation 1

Lactation 2

Lactation 3


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Alpine Protein PercentageAlpine Protein PercentageLactation CurveLactation Curve

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.1

10 30 50 70 90 110130

150170

190210

230250

270290

DIM

Pro

tein

Per

cen

tag

e

Lactation 1

Lactation 2

Lactation 3


3

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

10 30 50 70 90 110130

150170

190210

230250

270290

DIM

Mil

k

Alpine and Nubian Milk Production Alpine and Nubian Milk Production

Second LactationSecond Lactation

Alpine Nubian


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Nubian Fat and Protein PercentageNubian Fat and Protein PercentageSecond LactationSecond Lactation

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

10 30 50 70 90 110130

150170

190210

230250

270290

DIM

Co

mp

on

ent

Per

cen

tag

es

Fat Protein


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Genetic Improvement ProgramGenetic Improvement Program

Phenotype = Genotype + Environment

Genetic improvement programs only change genotype

Heritability is the portion of total variation due to genetics

Rate of genetic improvement determined by generation interval selection intensity heritability


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Factors Affecting Value of DataFactors Affecting Value of Data

Completeness of ID and parentage reporting

Years herd on test

Size of herd

Frequency of testing and component determination


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Evaluation CalculationEvaluation Calculation

Goal predict productivity of progeny

Method separate genetic component from other factors

influencing evaluated traits

All relationships are considered bucks receive evaluations from the records on their

female relatives


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Yield Evaluation ModelYield Evaluation Model

MODEL: y = hys + hs + pe + a + e

y = yield of milk, fat, or protein during a lactation

hys = herd-year-season- accounts for environmental effects common to does

kidding in the same herd in the same season

hs = herd-sire- effect common to daughters of a buck in the same herd

pe = permanent environment- effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic

a = animal genetic effect (breeding value)

e = unexplained residual


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Index of Yield EvaluationsIndex of Yield Evaluations

Milk-Fat-Protein Dollars (MFP$) combines evaluations into a single number

MFP$ = (0.010 PTAM) +

(1.15 PTAF) + (2.55 PTAP)


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Breeding Value Trend for MilkBreeding Value Trend for Milk

-100.0

-50.0

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.019

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

00

Year

Bre

edin

g V

alu

e (M

ilk)

Alpine

Oberhasli

LaMancha

Nubian

Saanen

Toggenburg


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Breeding Value Trend for FatBreeding Value Trend for Fat

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.019

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

00

Year

Bre

edin

g V

alu

e (F

at)

Alpine

Oberhasli

LaMancha

Nubian

Saanen

Toggenburg


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Breeding Value Trend for ProteinBreeding Value Trend for Protein

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.019

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

00

Year

Bre

edin

g V

alu

e (P

rote

in)

Alpine

Oberhasli

LaMancha

Nubian

Saanen

Toggenburg


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Type TraitsType Traits

Measure of similarity to ideal

Final Score (overall assessment)scored 50-99

Linear traits (13 defined traits)scored 1-50


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Linear TraitsLinear Traits

Stature - Height at withers

Strength - Width and depth of chest, width of muzzle

Dairyness - Sharpness and flatness of bone, etc.

Teat diameter - Measured at base

Rear Legs - Angle of the hock, side view


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Rump Angle - Angle from hips to pins

Rump Width - Width of pelvis

Fore Udder Attachment - Strength of attachment

Rear Udder Height - Distance from vulva to top of udder


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Rear Udder Arch - Width and shape of rear udder attachment

Udder Depth - Measured relative to hocks

Medial Suspensory Ligament - Measure of udder cleft

Teat Placement - Distance between teats


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Type Evaluation ModelType Evaluation Model

MODEL: y = h + a + p + e

y = adjusted type record

h = herd appraisal date

a = animal genetic effect (breeding value)

p = permanent environment- effect common to all a doe's lactations that is not genetic

e = unexplained residual

Multi-trait evaluation allows scores from one trait to affect the evaluation of another trait through the genetic correlations among the traits.


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Recent Type Appraisal DataRecent Type Appraisal Data

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Alpine 1293 1050 1072 1341 1038

Nubian 1393 1286 1319 1299 1081

Toggenburg 592 587 473 672 474

LaMancha 875 635 719 667 627

Saanen 426 459 389 659 502

Oberhasli 370 216 254 323 301

Experimental 253 198 191 269 210


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Type Trait Genetic Correlations Type Trait Genetic Correlations

Final Score Strength Dairyness

Fore Udder Attachment

Final Score 1.00 .30 -.15 .66

Strength .30 1.00 -.51 .15

Dairyness -.15 -.51 1.00 -.16

F. Udder Att. .66 .15 -.16 1.00


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Breeding Value Trend for TypeBreeding Value Trend for Type

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

2000

Year

Tre

nd

Bre

eed

ing

Val

ue Final Score

Stature

Fore UdderAttachment


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Accuracy of EvaluationsAccuracy of Evaluations

Number of does kidding in same hysmore records better estimate of hys effect

Number of bucks with daughters having records in same hysmore direct comparisons better ranking of

bucks

Number of lactation records

Number of daughters

Completeness of pedigree data


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Selection is a Continuous Decision Selection is a Continuous Decision Making ProcessMaking Process

Which does to breed

Which bucks to use

Which specific matings

Avoiding inbreeding

Correction of faults

Which kids to raise

Which kids to breed

Which does to milk


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Selection is a Continuous Decision Selection is a Continuous Decision Making ProcessMaking Process

The greatest impact on progress is from

selection of bucks


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Program for Genetic ImprovementProgram for Genetic Improvement

Dairy cattle program based on:

Artificial insemination (AI) Allows for many progeny from superior males Allows semen to be used in geographically diverse

locations

Progeny testing (PT) Use young males to get a representative group of

daughters Wait until those daughters are milking Based on the evaluations, return the best males to

heavy use


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Dairy Cattle Improvement ProgramDairy Cattle Improvement Program

About 1 in 10 PT bulls become active

Bulls remain active only a few years

Young bulls waiting for daughter records are not active

Intensive selection program


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Steps to Increase Rate of Steps to Increase Rate of Improvement in GoatsImprovement in Goats

Employ AI to use better bucks in more herds

Focus on larger herds to improve accuracy

Identify young bucks for PT


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Alternative to Waiting for PTAlternative to Waiting for PT

Use young bucks for most breedings

Replace bucks quickly

Bank semen of young bucks

Use frozen semen from superior proven bucks as sires of next generation of young bucks


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AIPL Web ServicesAIPL Web Services

http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL

Queries provide display of: pedigree information yield records herd test characteristics genetic evaluations of does & bucks

yield Type

Access information using: ID number animal name herd code

http://aipl.arsusda.gov/query/public/tdb.shtml#GoatsTBL

http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=shgoat&single

http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=getbuck&single

http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=goatherderr&single

http://aipl.arsusda.gov/cgi-bin/general/Qpublic/do.Q.cgi?qname=shgprog&single


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Recent ChangesRecent Changes

New web query for accessing data by animal name

Yield data since 1998 extracted from the master file each run incorporates corrections, deletions,

and ID changes

Standardized yields back to 1974 available


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Possible EnhancementsPossible Enhancements

Add evaluations for more traits Productive Life Somatic Cell Score Daughter Pregnancy Rate

Switch to test day model Provides better accounting for environment Accounts for genetic differences in shape

of lactation curve

usda dairy goat genetic evaluation program

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