Regional Roundtable on World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Budapest, Hungary 3-7 April 2017

Use of Technology for field data capture and compilationTechnical session 16c

Michael RahijaGlobal Strategy

Jairo CastanoSenior Statistician Leader, Agricultural Census and Survey TeamFAO Statistics Division

Overview of CAPI: description, advantages, disadvantages, products on the market

Overview of Survey Solutions features

Country examples: Estonia and Latvia

Overview

Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) software allows recording responses on a computer or tablet instead of paper.

What is CAPI?

•Easier Survey Management

• Reduced variables costs(No transport costs, no storage costs, no printing costs, no data-entry costs)

• Reduced time from data collection to analysis and reporting

• Higher quality data(Enforced skip patterns, validation conditions, look-up tables)

What are the advantages of CAPI?

Novel question types Geo reference, photos, barcodes scanning (for national IDs)

Closer field monitoring Export paradata for monitoring activities during

interviews (e.g. start & end time) Almost real time export of microdata

Easier to implement changes to questionnaire No need to send questionnaires back and forth to field

What are the advantages of CAPI?

High fixed cost Can be reduced by sharing use with other

surveysRequires more preparation time - programming and testing questionnaire, procurement Time savings on back-end from no data entry

compensatesMany times requires connectivity Risks can be reduced by using 2 sim cards,

back-up paper questionnaires, etc.Others: vulnerability to weather, batteries and access to power for charging

What are disadvantages of CAPI?

Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) Developed by the US census bureau and funded primarily by USAID. Widely used, but lacks survey management tools and requires programming knowledge. FREE + programming costsOpen Data Kit (ODK): Core developers at UoW – Dpt. Of Computer Science. Open-sourced, funded partially through donations of users. FREE+ programming costsMy Survey Solutions: Development supported by the GS, and first version released in 09.2013. Closed source, but integrates data management tools, and requires little to no knowledge of programming. FREE

CAPI Products

• Global Strategy has implemented small sample surveys in Tanzania, Indonesia, and Jamaica

• World Bank in partnership w/ NSOs have implemented surveys reaching 200K respondents in Malawi, 400K in Uganda, and 2.7 million in South Africa.

FAO and Survey Solutions

User friendly survey management system built right into the software.

Survey designer that requires no programming skills

Cloud based data storage and transfer Geo references questions (holding location)

Can accommodate any type of question User-friendly Android application for data

entry

Survey Solutions Features

Documentation on every part of the system available

E-learning course available online (13 modules)

Data export available in SPSS and STATA formats.

DDI compliant metadata automatically generated.

Automatic paradata tabulation for field monitoring

*DDI: Data Documentation Initiative, an int’l standard for describing statistical data

Survey Solutions Features (cont’d)

• The majority of the census data were collected in an electronic environment.

• All holdings had the possibility to complete an electronic questionnaire online (CASI)

• Those that did not use this option were visited by an enumerator who collected the data using CAPI.

• Electronic data collection enabled the pre-filling of questionnaires on the basis of PRIA data (Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information Board). Respondents could, if necessary, correct any pre-filled data.

Country ExperienceEstonia - Agricultural Census 2010

• In the Latvia Agricultural Census 2010 the following data collection methods were used:

Face-to-face interviews with laptops (CAPI) Telephone interviews (CATI) Web data collection (CAWI/CASI) - first time used Data collection by mail.

Latvia- Agricultural Census 2010Country Experience

• The combined use of CAPI, CATI, CAWI and mail proved to be very effective and saved financial resources. It was possible to obtain the preliminary results rather quickly.

Country experiences on use of CAPI, CATI, CASI and GPS technologies in census

Country name

Year of census

CAPI/GPS/PDA/CATI/

CASIEstonia 2010 CAPI, CAWIFrance 2010 CAPILatvia 2010 CAPI, CATI,CASI, Malta 2010 CAPIPoland 2010 CAPI, CATI,CASISlovenia 2010 CAPI, CATILithuania 2010 CASINetherland 2010 CASIIceland 2010 CASIAustria 2010 CASIFinlanda 2010 CASISuedia 2010 CASI, CATIMozambique 2009/2010 CAPI, GPS

Venezuela 2008 CAPI, GPSArgentina 2008 CAPIColombia 2014 CAPIBrazil 2006 CAPIMexico 2007 CAPICanada 2011 CASIUSA 2012 CASIAustralia 2011 CASIJordan 2007 CAPIThailand 2013 CAPIIran 2014 CAPI

Countries are increasingly using IT technology in agricultural censuses for:

data collection (CAPI, CASI, CATI);

identification of location for field operation of enumerators (GPS);

online monitoring of the progress in field operations in real time.

Thank You