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Used for “pay for performance”

Incentive rates

Helps break down the labor

content of a task

Can Identify ways to improve

processes

Determine expected

production

Helps schedule and plan needed

resources

Aides in Calculating

employee performance

Work Sampling

1

Stop Watch

2

Synthesis

3

Predetermined Motion Time

Systems

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Time Study Example

Part: NailHead 2187

Engineer: Daniel Hayes

Date: 10/16/2017

VA # Task Element Description Layout Sketch Photo

no 1 Retrieve Retrieve the piece from staging area and place in the work area

no 2 Position Load and position the piece on the lift table, and lift to working height

yes 3 Attach Panels Position and attach arm panels with nail gun

yes 4 Apply Nails Retrieve the nailhead gun and apply nails along appropriate seams

yes 5 Inspect/Adjust Inspect nails for straightness and depth, adjust if needed

no 6 Offload Lower the lift table and offload piece into the out queue area.

7

8

9

10

# Irregular Elements Description

no 1 Reload NailGun Refill the nailgun hopper with appropriate nailheads during nailing process

2

3

4

5

208 nailheads per chair head to head

52 nailheads per chair spaced

2 curved arm panels

Element

Cycle # 1 2 3 4 5 6 IE Total

1 0.75 0.32 2.08 4.25 0.82 0.65 0 8.87

2 0.7 0.3 2.33 4.3 0.78 0.55 0.18 9.14 Abnormal Readings

3 0.85 0.38 2 4.15 1 0.43 0 8.81 Cycle Reason

4 0.65 0.37 2.43 4.25 0.94 0.59 0.19 9.42 9 Employee was stopped to answer a question by management

5 0.76 0.4 2.1 4.22 0.89 0.63 0 9

6 0.8 0.29 2.33 4.5 0.84 0.5 0.22 9.48

7 0.71 0.3 2.05 4.34 0.86 0.49 0 8.75

8 0.59 0.35 2.22 4.24 0.88 0.55 0.16 8.99

9 0.68 0.32 x 4.13 0.84 0.6 0 x

10 0.74 0.38 2.27 4.2 1.01 0.63 0.23 9.46

11 0.65 0.42 2.04 4.4 0.9 0.57 0 8.98

12 x

13 x

14 x

15 0.7164 0.3482 2.1850 4.2709 0.8873 0.5627 0.0891 9.0900

Average Cycle Time 9.090

Rating 110%

Ideal cycles= 15 Normal Cyle Time 9.999

PF&D 15%

Standard Minutes 11.499

SALH 0.192 which means the employee gets paid for .192 hours of work for this job

std dev = 0.0741 0.0447 0.1499 0.1089 0.0721 0.0678

element avg= 0.7164 0.3482 2.1850 4.2709 0.8873 0.5627

# of Cycles 10 15 5 1 6 14

n = t∗𝑠

k∗ ҧ𝑥

2

Personal Allowance – 5%

Basic Fatigue Allowance – 4%

Bad Lighting – 2-5%

Weight Lifted – 1-22%

Loud Noise – 2-5%

Sample size ≤30

Use T-score

2.26

Sample size >30

Use Z-score

1.96

Degrees of

Freedom

Sample size

minus one.

E.g.

10 cycles – 1 =

9 degrees of

freedom

9 0.68 0.32 x 4.13 0.84 0.6 0 x

10 0.74 0.38 2.27 4.2 1.01 0.63 0.23 9.46

11 0.65 0.42 2.04 4.4 0.9 0.57 0 8.98

12 x

13 x

14 x

15 0.7164 0.3482 2.1850 4.2709 0.8873 0.5627 0.0891 9.0900

Average Cycle Time 9.090

Rating 110%

Ideal cycles= 15 Normal Cyle Time 9.999

PF&D 15%

Standard Minutes 11.499

SALH 0.192

std dev = 0.0741 0.0447 0.1499 0.1089 0.0721 0.0678

element avg= 0.7164 0.3482 2.1850 4.2709 0.8873 0.5627

# of Cycles 10 15 5 1 6 14

n = t∗𝑠

k∗ ҧ𝑥

2

2.262 ⋅ .0447

.075 ⋅ .3482

2

14.9906 Cycles After timing 15 cycles, we can be 95%

confident that the rate is within ± 7.5%

of the average time.%

𝑡 = 𝑡. 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑘 = 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 % 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟

ҧ𝑥 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛

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R 10 B = 11.5 TMUs

REACH

10” Distance

Variable Location

Can get very complicated.

There are other MTM and PMT

systems that exists for different

applications

A sort of combination of both stop watch

time studies and predetermined

studies.

Create your own elemental time

standards (EXCEL)

Not as accurate as a pure PMTS, but is

more specialized to fit your processes

The standards data base will save time for

rate setting in the future

Works well for determining the rate for a new style or part before it is produced

CRAFTMASTER NailHead Rate Calculation Form

STYLE 2187

DATE 10/16/2017

Analyst D.HAYES

Element Description Chair Loveseat Sofa Chair2 Loveseat2 Sofa2 Chair3 Loveseat3 Sofa3

TMUs FREQUENCY TOTALC LS S C LS S C LS S

NAILHEAD-0 OBTAIN FURNITURE FROM STAGING AREA 1237 1484 1781 1 1 1 1237 1484 1781

NAILHEAD-1 POSITION FURNITURE IN WORK AREA FOR OPERATION 1005 1206 1447 1 1 1 1005 1206 1447

NAILHEAD-2 POSITION AND NAIL FLAT ARM PANEL 2358 2358 2358 0 0 0

NAILHEAD-3 POSITION AND NAIL CURVED ARM PANELS 4504 4504 4504 1 1 1 4504 4504 4504

NAILHEAD-4 APPLY NAILHEADS HEAD TO HEAD 34 34 34 208 208 208 7072 7072 7072

NAILHEAD-5 APPLY NAILHEADS SPACED 56 56 56 0 0 0 0

NAILHEAD-6 INSPECT AND ADJUST APPLIED NAILHEADS 7 7 7 208 208 208 1456 1456 1456

NAILHEAD-7 MOVE FURNITURE TO OUT QUEUE 972 1166 1399 1 1 1 972 1166 1399

REACH-3 OBTAIN NAILGUN AND ASIDE 51 51 51 2 2 2 102 102 102

NAILHEAD-8 REFILL NAILHEAD HOPPER (USUALLY JUST ONCE) 136 204 272 1 1 1 136 204 272

NAILHEAD-10 NAILHEAD STYLE CHANGE OVER (USUALLY JUST ONCE) 48 48 48 1 1 1 48 48 48

NAILHEAD-11 REPOSITION OR ROTATE FURNITURE 278 306 337 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0

TOTAL TMUs 16532 17242 18081

NORMAL MINS 9.9192 10.3452 10.8486

P.F. & D. 11.4071 11.8970 12.4759

S.A.L.H. 0.190 0.198 0.208

Thank you for your attention